A micro-caliber light gas gun super-high-speed launching device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of micro-caliber light gas gun ultra-high speed launching device, including high-pressure gas chamber, pump pipe, high-pressure cone section, launch tube, vacuum target chamber, projectile, the high-pressure gas chamber is connected with pump pipe, the pump pipe is connected with high-pressure cone section, the high-pressure cone section is connected with launch tube.In the application, launch is carried out using high-pressure gas, by simplifying high-pressure gas chamber, developing no diaphragm no cartridge support design, high-pressure cone section launch tube integration design, etc., combined with interior ballistic simulation optimization, the ultra-high speed launch of 5km / s or more of 1-2mm diameter spherical projectile is realized;The micro-caliber ultra-high speed launching device of the application has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, high launching efficiency, etc., and can provide effective experimental means for 1-2mm size space debris ultra-high speed impact effect evaluation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ultra-high-speed launch technology, and in particular to an ultra-high-speed launch device for a small-caliber lightweight air gun. Background Technology

[0002] The two-stage lightweight gas cannon hypervelocity launch technology is the primary technical means for conducting hypervelocity impact tests of space debris. A traditional two-stage lightweight gas cannon system mainly consists of a propellant chamber or high-pressure gas chamber, a pump pipe, a high-pressure cone section, a launch tube, and a vacuum target chamber. The high-pressure gas chamber is designed with a rapid release mechanism. Due to the unique nature of hypervelocity impact tests of space debris, the required projectile is spherical. Therefore, a sabot-projectile and separation section design has been added to the traditional two-stage lightweight gas cannon to launch the spherical projectile to hypervelocity.

[0003] The specific principle is as follows: Instantaneous high-pressure gas is generated in the gunpowder chamber or high-pressure gas chamber. The expanding gas pushes the piston to compress the hydrogen in the pump tube. The conical high-pressure section causes the gas volume to decrease sharply. When the pressure is high enough, the high-pressure gas breaks through the diaphragm of the secondary gun barrel, driving the sabot-projectile to fly at high speed. The sabot-projectile enters the separation section (as described in patents [CN201910968698.9, CN201510141347.2], etc.). Under the combined action of the high-pressure gas shock wave and the surrounding flow field, the sabot generates lateral aerodynamic force. The front part of the sabot splits open and gradually deviates from the trajectory, thereby separating the sabot from the projectile and finally obtaining a hypersonic spherical projectile.

[0004] However, due to limitations in micro-diaphragm grooving technology, segmented sabot fabrication technology, and micro-projectile sabot aerodynamic separation technology, the currently reported firing calibers of two-stage light gas guns in China are all ≥4mm, and there is still no hypervelocity launching device with a firing caliber of 1-2mm. However, there is an urgent need for research on the hypervelocity impact characteristics of spherical projectiles with a diameter of 1-2mm in aerospace materials and components, spacesuits, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a micro-caliber hypervelocity launching device that is simple in structure, easy to operate, and capable of launching 1-2mm spherical projectiles. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-speed launching device for a small-caliber light air gun in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A high-speed launching device for a small-caliber lightweight gas gun includes a high-pressure gas chamber, a pump pipe, a high-pressure conical section, a launching tube, a vacuum target chamber, and a projectile. The high-pressure gas chamber is connected to the pump pipe, the pump pipe is connected to the high-pressure conical section, and the high-pressure conical section is connected to the launching tube. The high-pressure conical section and the launching tube feature a diaphragm-less design, eliminating the need for a complex and material-intensive isolation diaphragm. Instead, a high-plasticity projectile without a sabot is used. The high-plasticity projectile can be made of metal or composite materials. The projectile is loaded from the front end of the high-pressure conical section. The projectile achieves the high-pressure sealing function of the diaphragm without a sabot, effectively avoiding the problem of effective separation of the small-sized projectile from the sabot after firing. The launching tube is connected to the vacuum target chamber. A high-pressure rapid release device is installed between the high-pressure gas chamber and the pump pipe. The high-pressure gas chamber no longer requires a rapid release mechanism, greatly simplifying the design complexity and reducing costs.

[0008] Preferably, the diameter of the launching tube is 1-2 mm and the length is 500 mm. The end of the launching tube connected to the high-pressure conical section is provided with an arc-shaped chamfer. The launching tube and the high-pressure conical section are designed as an integrated unit. The traditional diaphragm design is eliminated at the connection end and replaced with an arc-shaped chamfer. During the experiment, the connection between the high-pressure conical section and the pump tube is opened. The high-pressure conical section and the launching tube do not need to be separated. The projectile without a sabot is pushed into the arc-shaped chamfer from the open end of the high-pressure conical section to complete the projectile installation and meet the launching conditions of the projectile.

[0009] Preferably, the end of the high-pressure cone section is set with a 20° cone angle, which is beneficial for achieving ultra-high-speed launch of the projectile.

[0010] Preferably, the maximum injection pressure of the high-pressure gas chamber is 30 MPa to ensure that instantaneous high-pressure gas is generated in the high-pressure gas chamber.

[0011] Preferably, the projectile has a diameter of 1-2 mm and is made of either metal or composite material. No sabot is required during firing, thus eliminating the need for a projectile-sabot separation device.

[0012] A design method for a high-speed launching device for a small-caliber lightweight gas gun includes the following steps:

[0013] S1. Based on the launch caliber, conduct preliminary design of the device's launch tube, high-pressure gas chamber, pump tube, high-pressure cone section dimensions, and sabot-less projectile;

[0014] S2. By using computational fluid dynamics, a computational model of a micro-caliber ultra-high-speed launch device is established. The model is used to perform numerical calculations on the internal ballistic process of the micro-caliber launch device and obtain the changes in its internal ballistic performance parameters.

[0015] S3. Optimize the preliminary design parameters and finally determine the design scheme of the invention.

[0016] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] 1. In this application, high-pressure gas is used for launch. By simplifying the high-pressure gas chamber, carrying out diaphragm-less and sabot-less design, and integrating the high-pressure conical launch tube design, combined with internal ballistic simulation optimization, ultra-high speed launch of spherical projectiles with a diameter of 1-2mm above 5km / s is achieved.

[0018] 2. The micro-aperture hypervelocity launch device in this application has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost and high launch efficiency, and can provide an effective experimental means for evaluating the hypervelocity impact effect of 1-2 mm space debris. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a high-speed launching device for a small-caliber lightweight air gun according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0020] Figure 2 This diagram illustrates the integrated high-pressure conical launch tube design structure of a micro-caliber lightweight gas gun hypersonic launch device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This diagram illustrates a projectile integrity analysis under hypervelocity firing conditions for a micro-caliber lightweight gas gun hypervelocity firing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a numerical calculation model of a high-speed launching device for a small-caliber light air gun according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0023] Figure 5 The diagram shows the piston velocity variation curves over time under operating conditions 2-3 and 2-6 of a micro-caliber lightweight gas gun hypersonic launching device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 The diagram shows the projectile velocity versus time curves under operating conditions 2-3 and 2-6 of a high-speed launch device for a small-caliber light gas gun according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Legend:

[0026] 1. High-pressure gas chamber; 2. Pump pipe; 3. High-pressure cone section; 4. Launch tube; 5. Vacuum target chamber; 6. High-pressure rapid release device. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Please see Figure 1-6 The present invention provides a technical solution:

[0029] A high-speed launching device for a small-caliber lightweight gas gun includes a high-pressure gas chamber 1, a pump pipe 2, a high-pressure conical section 3, a launching tube 4, a vacuum target chamber 5, and a projectile. The maximum injection pressure of the high-pressure gas chamber 1 is 30 MPa. The end of the high-pressure conical section 3 is set with a 20° cone angle. The high-pressure gas chamber 1 is connected to the pump pipe 2, the pump pipe 2 is connected to the high-pressure conical section 3, and the high-pressure conical section 3 is connected to the launching tube 4, forming an integrated design of high-pressure conical section and launching tube. The diameter of the launching tube 4 is 1-2 mm, and its length is 500 mm. The end of the launching tube 4 connected to the high-pressure conical section 3 is provided with an arc-shaped chamfer. The launching tube 4 is connected to the vacuum target chamber 5. The projectile diameter is... The projectile is 1-2mm thick and made of either metal or composite material. No sabot is needed during launch, thus eliminating the need for a projectile-sabot separation device. A high-pressure rapid release device 6 is installed between the high-pressure gas chamber 1 and the pump tube 2. When launching a projectile, the high-pressure rapid release device 6 is activated to release gas from the high-pressure gas chamber, typically nitrogen or helium. The high-pressure gas pushes the piston at the front of the pump tube 2 to move rapidly, compressing the hydrogen gas in the pump tube 2. As the piston moves, the hydrogen gas volume is rapidly compressed, forming high pressure. Under the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen gas, the projectile undergoes slight plastic deformation, thus entering the launch tube 4 and beginning its accelerated motion.

[0030] A design method for a high-speed launching device for a small-caliber lightweight gas gun includes the following steps:

[0031] S1. Based on the launch caliber, conduct preliminary design of the device's launch tube, high-pressure gas chamber, pump tube, high-pressure cone section dimensions, and sabot-less projectile;

[0032] S2. By using computational fluid dynamics, a computational model of a micro-caliber ultra-high-speed launch device is established. The model is used to perform numerical calculations on the internal ballistic process of the micro-caliber launch device and obtain the changes in its internal ballistic performance parameters.

[0033] S3. Optimize the preliminary design parameters and finally determine the design scheme of the invention.

[0034] Specifically, such as Figures 1 to 2As shown, the launch tube is designed with a 2mm launch caliber, a projectile velocity ≥5km / s, and a launch tube length of 250 times the caliber, which is 500mm. Based on the pump tube caliber, launch tube caliber, and cone angle, the length of the transition cone is approximately 14mm. To make the flow field more stable after the piston enters the cone, an extension section with a diameter similar to that of the launch tube is designed at the mouth of the transition cone. This extension section is 12mm long.

[0035] The diaphragm between the high-pressure conical section and the launch tube bears a portion of the pressure during the piston compression of the gas in the pump tube. When the pre-set pressure for diaphragm rupture is reached, typically tens of MPa, the diaphragm ruptures, releasing high-pressure gas to propel the projectile. This invention eliminates the traditional diaphragm design and incorporates a chamfered design at the connection between the launch tube and the high-pressure conical section. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, during launch, the highly ductile projectile is placed in a chamfered position. To ensure the diaphragm provides pressure bearing and sealing, the projectile diameter needs to be larger than the launch tube diameter. Simultaneously, to prevent the projectile from being crushed during ultra-high-speed launch, a suitable ratio between the projectile diameter and the launch tube diameter is required. A simulation analysis of the ultra-high-speed launch process is conducted using a typical aluminum alloy projectile as an example. The projectile's force cloud diagram is shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the results indicate that when the projectile diameter is 1.1 times the launch tube caliber, the projectile can satisfy both the sealing and pressure-bearing functions and achieve complete ultra-high-speed launch.

[0036] Considering the size and performance requirements of this invention, the designed high-pressure gas chamber has a diameter of 30mm, an overall length of 180mm, a volume of approximately 0.108L, and a maximum injection pressure of 30MPa. Considering the smooth transition connection between the high-pressure chamber of the gun body, the pump pipe, and the launching pipe, as well as the overall internal ballistic performance requirements of the launching device, two schemes are initially determined for the pump pipe inner diameter of 8mm and 10mm, with pump pipe lengths of 1171mm and 2000mm, respectively.

[0037] A two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical model of a small-aperture ultra-high-speed launch device was established using computational fluid dynamics software. The model is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, preliminary calculations were performed under different initial conditions to analyze the internal ballistic performance of the device. The calculation conditions and results are shown in Table 1.

[0038] Table 1 Initial model calculation conditions and results

[0039]

[0040] Calculation results show that the sensitivity of the preliminarily designed small-caliber two-stage light gas gun to different parameter changes varies greatly. Comparing the results of conditions 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3, it can be found that the changes in the initial nitrogen pressure in the high-pressure chamber and the piston mass have little impact on the final projectile velocity, that is, the piston motion state has little impact on the overall ballistic performance of the gun. In condition 1-4, changing the diameter of the pump tube from 8mm to 10mm increases the projectile velocity from 2945m / s to 3259m / s, an increase of 10.7%. In condition 1-5, further increasing the initial hydrogen pressure in the pump tube to 0.2MPa increases the projectile velocity to 4231m / s.

[0041] The overall geometry of the gun body was optimized. The size of the high-pressure chamber remained unchanged, but the pump tube diameter was increased from 8mm to 10mm, and the pump tube length was extended from 1171mm to 2000mm, with an aspect ratio of 200. The diameter of the launch tube remained unchanged, but the length was extended from 500mm to 600mm, with an aspect ratio of 300. The angle of the high-pressure cone section remained unchanged, but the length was changed accordingly. At the same time, the piston mass was adjusted to 4g.

[0042] The comparison of the calculation results of the initial and optimized models is shown in Table 2. The calculation speed of the optimized model is significantly increased to 4074 m / s, an increase of 25%, indicating that the internal ballistic performance of the gun body is better after the adjustment of the pump tube and the firing tube.

[0043] Table 2 Comparison of calculation results between the initial and optimized models

[0044]

[0045] To analyze the sensitivity of the optimized calculation model to changes in different parameters, the nitrogen pressure in the high-pressure chamber and the hydrogen pressure in the pump tube were varied to perform launch calculations under different operating conditions. The calculation conditions and results are shown in Table 3.

[0046] Table 3 Calculation conditions and results of the optimization model

[0047]

[0048] Comparing the calculation results of working conditions 2-3 and 2-6, it was found that the optimized calculation model is more sensitive to the nitrogen content in the high-pressure chamber. Figure 5-6The curves showing the changes in piston velocity and projectile velocity over time under two sets of operating conditions are presented. As can be seen from the figures, with other parameters remaining constant, as the initial nitrogen pressure in the high-pressure chamber increases from 10 MPa to 20 MPa, the overall acceleration during the piston acceleration phase increases, and the peak velocity also increases from 422 m / s to 537 m / s. Under the impact of the piston at a higher velocity, the projectile's launch time is advanced, and the pressure at launch moment increases. Simultaneously, due to the high-speed thrust of the piston, the space created by the projectile's movement is compensated, ultimately increasing the launch velocity to 5165 m / s, a velocity increase of 16.7%, effectively achieving the design target of a 5 km / s speed limit.

[0049] In summary, the calculation results show that, for a 2mm diameter launch tube, using a pump tube design with a diameter of 10mm and a length of 200 times the caliber, a launch speed of over 5km / s can be achieved under a pressure of 20MPa.

[0050] In summary, the micro-caliber lightweight gas gun hypervelocity launching device provided in this embodiment utilizes high-pressure gas for launching. By simplifying the high-pressure gas chamber 1, implementing a diaphragm-less and sabot-less design, and integrating the high-pressure conical section 3 and the launching tube 4 into a single design, combined with internal ballistic simulation optimization, it achieves hypervelocity launching of spherical projectiles with a diameter of 1-2 mm at speeds exceeding 5 km / s. The micro-caliber hypervelocity launching device of this invention features simple structure, low cost, and high launching efficiency, and can provide an effective experimental means for evaluating the hypervelocity impact effect of 1-2 mm sized space debris.

[0051] The above description of the embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A micro-caliber light-gas gun ultra-high velocity launching device, characterized in that, It includes a high-pressure gas chamber (1), a pump pipe (2), a high-pressure cone section (3), a launch tube (4), a vacuum target chamber (5), and a projectile. The high-pressure gas chamber (1) is connected to the pump pipe (2), the pump pipe (2) is connected to the high-pressure cone section (3), the high-pressure cone section (3) is connected to the launch tube (4), the launch tube (4) is connected to the vacuum target chamber (5), and a high-pressure rapid release device (6) is provided between the high-pressure gas chamber (1) and the pump pipe (2). The diameter of the transmitting tube (4) is 1-2 mm and the length is 500 mm. The transmitting tube (4) and the high-pressure cone section (3) are designed without a diaphragm. The end of the transmitting tube (4) connected to the high-pressure cone section (3) is provided with an arc-shaped chamfer. The projectile is a high-plasticity projectile without a sabot design, with a diameter of 1-2 mm, and is made of either metal or composite material.

2. The micro-caliber light-gas gun ultra-high-speed launching device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end of the high-pressure cone section (3) is set with a cone angle of 20°.

3. The micro-scale light-gas gun ultra-high velocity launching device of claim 1, wherein, The maximum injection pressure of the high-pressure gas chamber (1) is 30 MPa.

4. The design method of the ultra-high-speed launching device for a small-caliber lightweight gas gun according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Based on the launch caliber, conduct preliminary design of the device's launch tube, high-pressure gas chamber, pump tube, high-pressure cone section dimensions, and sabot-less projectile; S2. By using computational fluid dynamics, a computational model of a micro-caliber ultra-high-speed launch device is established. The model is used to perform numerical calculations on the internal ballistic process of the micro-caliber launch device and obtain the changes in its internal ballistic performance parameters. S3. Optimize the preliminary design parameters.

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