Multi-part machine frame for a forging machine

Abstract

A multi-part machine frame of a forging machine for forging workpieces, preferably an impact forging machine, preferably a drop hammer, a) comprising at least two prefabricated frame parts which are formed independently of one another, are pressed against one another and support one another at at least one or at least two support regions, and are pretensioned with a set or adjustable pretension by means of pretensioning means, preferably wire ropes, and are thereby pressed against one another and / or connected to one another in a force-fitting manner at the one or more support regions, b) wherein at least two pairs of abutting support surfaces are formed in at least one or each of the support regions or support regions between the two frame parts, the support surfaces being spaced apart by a free surface arranged therebetween, an intermediate space being formed between the free surfaces, c) wherein the at least two pairs of support surfaces in the support region or the relevant support region constitute or act as form-fitting connections and / or self-positioning connections.

Description

[0001] This invention relates to a multi-part machine frame for a forming machine for forming workpieces, and particularly to a multi-part machine frame for a forging machine (preferably an impact type) for forging workpieces (preferably a forging hammer). Furthermore, this invention relates to a forming machine for forming workpieces, and particularly to a forging machine for forging workpieces, preferably a forging hammer.

[0002] Forging of workpieces made of metallic materials such as iron, steel, or aluminum is typically carried out at relatively high temperatures. Forgeable materials essentially include all malleable metals and metal alloys. These can be ferrous materials and alloys (such as cast iron or steel) as well as non-ferrous metals (such as magnesium, aluminum, titanium, copper, nickel, vanadium, and tungsten and their alloys).

[0003] High forging temperatures achieve the required formability of the workpiece and the required fluidity of the material. During the forging process, the temperature for semi-hot forming is typically between 550°C and 750°C, while the temperature for so-called hot forming is above 900°C, depending on the forging material.

[0004] In so-called room temperature cold forming, the formability or fluidity of the material required for forming is usually already present without heating, such as in the case of sheet metal.

[0005] It is known that various forming machines are used for forging solid metal forgings (solid forming), including impact forming machines such as forging hammers and impact forging machines such as screw presses. At least one hammer of a first forming tool in a forming machine is driven by a driver and moves relative to a second forming tool of the forming machine, typically moving in a straight line toward or away from each other. Between the forming tools, the workpiece located in the working area is forged by applying forming forces and / or forming energy. Such forming machines are typically operated in a cyclic manner. In die forging, a forming die is used as the forming tool, and the material of the workpiece flows into the cavity or notch of the forming die.

[0006] The forming machine has a machine frame (or machine stand), which typically, particularly in the case of a forging hammer or forging press (such as a wrench press), includes a frame base (or frame base) and one, two, or four columns projecting or extending upward from the frame base. The lower forming tool is located on the frame base, and the hammer with the upper forming tool is guided on the columns. In the case of a forging hammer, the frame base is also called an anvil (or anvil seat), while in the case of a forging press, the frame base is also called a press table. The frame can be, in particular, U-shaped or C-shaped, i.e., in the form of a frame that opens to one side, or it can also be O-shaped, i.e., in the form of a closed frame. A head component, also called a crossbar or crossbeam, is provided at the top of the columns. The head component includes an actuator for the hammer, such as a hydraulic actuator and / or an electric actuator. This head component can be provided as a separate part or it can be integrated into the frame.

[0007] Lasco Umformtechnik GmbH has been manufacturing and selling hydraulic forging hammers for many years, such as the hydraulic top-pressing hammer Lasco HO-U or the hydraulic back-blowing hammer Lasco GH and the Lasco screw press SPP or SPR.

[0008] The machine frame of this molding machine can be formed as a single piece, meaning the frame base, columns, and possibly head components are made of the same material, and / or formed as a continuous piece or integrally molded. While one-piece frames offer high strength, they also have the disadvantage of higher costs associated with producing, transporting, and assembling large and heavy frames.

[0009] In another known embodiment, the machine frame of the forming machine is formed from several parts. Such a multi-part frame typically includes a frame base as one frame component and columns as separate frame components, and therefore, especially in the case of larger forming machines, it is easier to manufacture them as individual parts and transport them to the installation site with less effort, where the parts are then assembled to form the frame.

[0010] In multi-component frames according to existing technology, columns and frame bases are connected by tension-loaded tie rods and pre-tensioned to each other during compression. The tie rods and their tension bias are provided to reduce lift-off between individual frame components during forming, as this peeling leads to wear at the connection points. The rods are solid bolts or steel rods with a large cross-section and external threads formed at their ends. Clamping nuts are screwed onto these external threads to pre-tighten the bolts or rods, whereby the nuts then rest or support themselves on mating or supporting surfaces of the components to be bolted together. The maximum tensile strength of the tie rods used in forming machines is typically around 150 N / mm². 2 Up to 500 N / mm 2 Spring elements are also frequently used to protect tie rods from overload.

[0011] For example, DIN EN 12385 describes wire rope in various embodiments. Wire rope is typically formed from individual strands, in which multiple lines are typically twisted or wound in a helical arrangement around a central core. Strands, each containing several lines, are now also frequently twisted or helically wound together, typically around a central core, and usually by so-called laid rope, or less commonly by braiding. Laid rope allows the rope to bend and redirect without breaking, and is therefore used, for example, in cableways. The twisting or rotation direction of the individual lines in the strands and the helical arrangement of the strands in the rope can now be the same, particularly in so-called equal-lay rope, or advantageously, their directions can be opposite, particularly in so-called anti-laid rope. In suspension ropes for suspension bridges, the lines or strands are also typically guided to be parallel to each other and pressed together. The lines can be cold-drawn and can also be coated. Lines or strands of different diameters can be combined to form rope. Besides steel, other materials can be incorporated into ropes, such as high-tensile plastic fibers, inserts, or sheaths. The load-bearing capacity and tensile strength of ropes vary considerably and depend on the rope's construction, diameter, and the materials used. For example, the minimum breaking load of a rope is approximately equal to the product of the rope's cross-sectional area (determined by the outer diameter), the fill factor (describing the fill power of a single strand's cross-section over the entire cross-section), the strength of the material (especially steel), and the strand factor (depending on the rope's construction). The tensile strength, tensile load capacity, or maximum tensile stress of a rope corresponds to the minimum breaking force divided by the cross-sectional area. The tensile strength, or rope strength, of a rope is slightly less than the sum of the tensile strengths of its individual strands, typically around 2000 N / mm². 2 The value range.

[0012] In publications DE 19 38 279 C and DE 22 39 147 A and DE 28 18 511 C2 and KR 10 2010 0087499A and DE 10 2013 108 299 B4, multi-part machine frames with ropes for supporting individual machine frame components are known to have been used for presses, but not for forging hammers.

[0013] The present invention is now based on the objective of providing a novel multi-part frame for a (preferably impact-type) forging machine (preferably a forging hammer) for forging workpieces. Preferably, the multi-part frame should be capable of improving manufacturing accuracy during the forging process through precise movement and guidance of the hammer and the forming tools located thereon.

[0014] An embodiment of the invention provides a multi-component machine frame for a forging machine for forging workpieces, the forging machine preferably being a stamping forging machine (preferably a forging hammer), and the multi-component machine frame comprising at least two prefabricated frame components formed independently of each other, the at least two prefabricated frame components being supported (or rested, contacted) against each other at at least one support region or (at least two) support regions, and being supported and pre-pressed against each other by means of a pre-tensioning device having a set or adjustable prestress, thereby pressing against each other and / or connecting to each other in a force-fit manner at the support region or more than one support region.

[0015] The pretensioning device preferably includes at least one rope (or cable) or several ropes, but may alternatively or additionally include at least one tie rod or several tie rods.

[0016] The multi-component design of the frame allows for the combination of components made of different materials. For example, less stressed frame components (such as columns) can be made of gray cast iron, while more stressed frame components (such as frame bases or anvils) can be made of cast steel. Finally, the modular design of the frame components facilitates transportation and assembly.

[0017] In one embodiment of the invention, at least two pairs of adjacent (or contacting) support surfaces are formed in at least one of the support regions between two frame members (or in the support regions where the two frame members support each other), the at least two pairs of adjacent support surfaces being spaced apart from each other by free surfaces arranged between them, and an intermediate space is formed or located between the free surfaces (the mutually opposing free surfaces of the two different frame members). At least one pretensioning device (preferably at least one cord) associated with the two frame members preferably extends through the intermediate space and is spaced apart from the paired support surfaces and / or passes between the two pairs of support surfaces.

[0018] In other words, according to one embodiment of the invention, in at least one support region between two frame components, at least two partial support regions are formed apart from each other (in at least one projection direction), and at least one pretensioning device (preferably at least one rope) associated with the two frame components preferably extends between these partial support regions in the prestress direction.

[0019] In embodiments of the invention, the support regions or each support region or at least one of the support regions integrally form (or realize, present) a shape-fitting (or complementary, shape-locking) connection, a self-positioning (self-centering) connection, and preferably a non-self-locking connection, or the paired support surfaces in the relevant support regions form (or realize, present) a shape-fitting connection, a self-positioning connection, and preferably a non-self-locking connection, preferably double wedge tension.

[0020] In an advantageous embodiment, the supporting surface is a flat surface and preferably forms at least a portion or part of the surface of a regular or irregular polyhedron, at least a portion of a pyramid or truncated pyramid, or at least a portion of a prism, particularly in the form of a V-shaped cross section or a saddle top.

[0021] Advantageously, the support surfaces in the support area are complementary to each other, and preferably, the protruding or convex arrangement of the support surfaces is opposite to the recessed or concave arrangement of the support surfaces.

[0022] In addition, a fixing device with a corresponding sliding key can be installed at each support area.

[0023] In an advantageous embodiment, the paired support surfaces are each inclined upward relative to the horizontal direction.

[0024] In another advantageous embodiment, a pair of support surfaces are arranged horizontally, and another pair of support surfaces are inclined upward relative to the horizontal direction.

[0025] In a further embodiment, a third pair of support surfaces is provided, specifically arranged between the free surfaces or intermediate spaces and another pair (preferably horizontally arranged) of support surfaces, and the third pair of support surfaces is preferably vertically aligned. The free surfaces or intermediate spaces may also be formed in at least one corner or transition region of the third pair of support surfaces.

[0026] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, a pair of outer support surfaces are inclined at an outward angle relative to the pretensioning device or the direction of tension in the pretensioning device (particularly relative to the channel of the rope or the direction of tension in the rope), and a pair of inner support surfaces are inclined at an inward angle relative to the pretensioning device or the direction of tension in the pretensioning device (particularly relative to the channel of the rope or the direction of tension in the rope). The force component in the normal direction, which is the contact force on the respective pair of support surfaces, preferably corresponds to the tension in the pretensioning device (particularly the tension in the rope) multiplied by 90° minus the cosine of the corresponding inclination angle. Preferably, the inward angle is selected to be equal to or greater than the outward angle, and / or the inward angle is selected from the range of 60° to 100°, and the outward angle is selected from the range of 30° to 90°.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the paired support surfaces or partial support areas do not intersect each other, i.e., they are not topologically connected anywhere. However, in a particular embodiment, they may also be connected to each other in the form of circumferential or topologically annular support surfaces, thus surrounding the intermediate space or free surface in the absence of support, for example, in the form of a funnel, cone, pyramid, or other rotationally symmetric shape. At least one pretensioning device, particularly a cord, now preferably extends into or through the internal intermediate space, preferably extending or passing through at a consistent or varying angle relative to the support surfaces. In three-dimensional conditions, only one pair of circumferential or topologically annular support surfaces is provided. However, in this document, two pairs of support surfaces are also provided in a two-dimensional projection or alternatively in a cross-section, preferably with at least one pretensioning device extending or arranged between the two pairs of support surfaces, which is why this embodiment is also considered to be part of the invention.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the invention is based on the consideration of using high-tensile-strength ropes to connect the components of a multi-part frame of a forging machine. Ropes bearing high tensile stress are first known for use in suspension bridges and cableways, as mentioned at the beginning, and are also standardized in DIN EN 12385. This preferred embodiment of the invention is based on empirical knowledge and knowledge gained through simulation, namely that the connection achieved by means of a proven tie rod as a pretensioning device stabilizes the multi-part frame only to a limited extent, and the column still slightly detaches from the anvil when the hammer is struck. This has the disadvantage that the impact efficiency between the impact mass and the impacted mass (i.e., between the hammer and the frame) is unsuitably altered. Furthermore, the guiding accuracy of the hammer within the frame is limited. In addition, this results in a certain amount of wear on the separation surface between the column and the anvil. However, even strong pretensioning forces will fail due to the limited tensile load capacity of the tie rod and the limited available installation space.

[0029] However, ropes can be tensioned at much higher tensile stresses than solid tie rods, or at significantly higher tensile forces for the same cross-section, thus significantly increasing the contact pressure on the frame components of the machine frame (such as anvils and columns) and consequently the frame's stiffness, and thus often or even completely preventing the formation of gaps on the support surfaces of the frame components. In other words, rope pretensioning makes the connection between frame components particularly stable. The frame utilizes the very tight pretension of the ropes, making the frame virtually behave like a one-piece frame. This connection is stable enough that the frame components do not peel apart when the impact tool is struck. This ensures the desired impact efficiency is achieved. Ropes allow for very high tensile stresses. Ropes ensure that the joints remain closed during a heavy impact. Furthermore, rope tensioning requires relatively little installation space.

[0030] Another advantage of using ropes compared to tie rods is the significant reduction in assembly space required for mounting the support devices. This is because ropes can be inserted individually and in a space-saving, curved shape, whereas installing and removing tie rods requires at least twice the height of the frame assembly space under the crane hook. Another advantage of ropes compared to tie rods is that they do not require fixing to prevent torsion, as they are insensitive to torsion and vibration. Furthermore, for the multi-part machine frame according to the invention, cross-connections between columns are no longer necessary if required.

[0031] In this application, the top and bottom are defined in the direction of gravity or Earth's gravity.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the tensile stress in the cord or each cord is set to at least 600 N / mm. 2 Or at least 800 N / mm 2 Or at least 1000 N / mm 2 The tension in and / or in the cord or in each cord is set between 2 MN and 15 MN, preferably between 7 MN and 12 MN.

[0033] The structure of the cord is specifically selected based on the required tensile strength, the available cross-section, and the route of the guide channels in the frame. In advantageous embodiments, each cord is formed according to standard DIN EN 12385, and / or each cord comprises a predetermined number of strands, particularly 3 to 80 strands, which are preferably twisted together, particularly around a central core, and / or twisted in a helical form, for example, at a helix angle between 10° and 20°. The strands are preferably formed according to standard EN 10138-3 and / or comprise several individual wires, particularly 3 to 245 individual wires, preferably 7 to 19 individual wires, which are preferably twisted, particularly around the central core of the strand.

[0034] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, at least one or each rope is guided in a continuous channel within the machine frame. Preferably, at least one continuous channel and the rope guided therein pass through only two frame components. Alternatively or additionally, preferably at least one continuous channel and the rope guided therein pass through three frame components.

[0035] Preferably, each frame component has at least one sub-channel, wherein at least one sub-channel of a frame component is connected to at least one sub-channel of another frame component, and the continuous channel for the cord is formed by interconnected sub-channels.

[0036] In one embodiment, the sub-channels in the frame component, particularly U-shaped or curved sub-channels, connect at both ends to corresponding sub-channels in a corresponding additional frame component, forming a continuous channel for the cord with the two sub-channels, and preferably the sub-channels in the frame component extend partially below the groove for the forming tool.

[0037] In a further embodiment, the continuous channels or sub-channels of two different cords may intersect each other within the frame component, preferably partially intersecting each other below the groove for the forming tool, and / or extending from one side of the frame to the opposite side of the frame.

[0038] In particular, sub-channels may be arranged in a straight line or form a straight continuous channel and / or extend vertically or obliquely relative to the vertical direction.

[0039] In one embodiment, the frame base and at least one, two, or four independently formed columns (preferably columns extending substantially upward from the frame base) are provided as separate frame components.

[0040] The inner channels in the base of the frame, especially the U-shaped channels, can now be connected at both ends to the inner channels in each of the one or two columns to form a continuous channel, in which the ends of the ropes guided can each be located on or in the columns.

[0041] Furthermore, at least two inner channels in the frame base can form a continuous channel with the inner channels in one or two columns and optionally the inner channel in the crossbeam, and the two ends of the rope guided in the continuous channel can be located at or in the frame base, respectively.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, at the support area, the frame components are pre-tensioned against each other to generate the amount and direction of tensile stress in at least one associated cord, as well as the route of the interconnecting channels and the resulting vertical and horizontal tensile stress components. Preferably, the ratio of the horizontal to vertical tensile stress components is in the range of 0% to 80% throughout the route of the cord, and preferably between 0% and 50% in the support area.

[0043] In a further embodiment, at least one cord or a continuous channel for the cord extends substantially vertically or at an angle to or inclined relative to the vertical direction, at least in the support region.

[0044] It is particularly advantageous to include a pre-tensioning device, especially at its end, in each rope for tensioning and inducing tensile stress in the rope. Preferably, there is a tensioning device at each end of each rope. The tensioning device can enclose the associated rope and is preferably clamped, locked, or force-fitted into the frame component at the corresponding end of a continuous channel. Preferably, an outwardly opening receiving space is provided in the frame component for receiving the rope ends and the associated tensioning devices.

[0045] At least one tensioning device preferably includes an anchor block and a plurality of grippers, wherein the grippers are preferably formed as conical sleeves, and each gripper encapsulates a strand of rope, and wherein, preferably, the anchor block includes a plurality of parallel conical holes for receiving the grippers. The tensioning device may also have a press-fit socket with a wide end and a narrow end, wherein the narrow end of the press-fit socket is arranged toward the channel, while the wide end of the press-fit socket is in force-fit contact with the anchor block, and wherein, preferably, the press-fit socket has transverse ribs surrounding the press-fit socket in the circumferential direction.

[0046] A forming machine for forming workpieces (particularly for forging workpieces), particularly a forging machine, preferably a forging hammer, in one embodiment, the forming machine includes a multi-part machine frame and a tool carrier according to the invention, the tool carrier (particularly a ram) being guided on at least one frame component (particularly a column) of the machine frame and movable toward or away from a frame base, at least one first forming tool being arranged on the at least one frame component, and at least one second forming tool being arranged on another machine frame (particularly a frame base or anvil), preferably on an anvil or insert block arranged in a groove on the frame base.

[0047] The molding machine may also have at least one crossbeam connected to a column on the side of the base away from the frame, and at least one drive for a tamper is mounted on the crossbeam.

[0048] Preferably, each support area between the frame base and the column is located at least above the support area of ​​the anvil or insert block or the mounting wedge, and preferably above the entire anvil.

[0049] Pairs of support surfaces, or one pair of support surfaces, that are inclined upward relative to the horizontal direction are arranged on the inner side of the frame facing the second forming tool. Attached Figure Description

[0050] The invention is further described below with reference to examples of embodiments and the accompanying drawings. These drawings are schematic in each case: Figure 1 This is a front view of a forging hammer, which has a multi-part frame and serves as a forming machine, according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 It is based on Figure 1 A perspective view of the frame used for the forging hammer. Figure 3 It is based on Figure 2 A partial sectional view of the frame. Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a frame for a forging hammer according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of a tensioning device for a support rope according to the present invention. Figure 6 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a frame for a forging hammer according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a perspective view of a frame for a forging hammer according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a frame for a forging hammer according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 This is a perspective view of a frame for a forging hammer according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 10 This is a front view of an embodiment of the support area between the column and the anvil of the forging hammer according to the present invention, and Figure 11 This is a front view of another embodiment of the support area between the column and the anvil of the forging hammer according to the present invention.

[0051] exist Figures 1 to 11 In the diagram, the corresponding parts and dimensions are marked with the same reference symbols.

[0052] In the embodiments, the forming machine 10 for forging metal, typically a solid workpiece, is disclosed as a forging hammer.

[0053] However, the multi-part machine frame according to the invention is not limited to use in forging hammers, but can also be used in other forming machines, especially forging machines, such as hydraulic or electric presses, such as screw presses or linear drive presses or electric upsetting machines, or rolling machines, but in principle it can also be used in lime-sand brick presses.

[0054] In the illustrated embodiment, it is a forging hammer of forming machine 10, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a multi-component frame (or machine frame) 12, a crossbeam (or: machine head, machine head component) 21 above the frame 12, a tamping hammer 26 (or usually a first tool carrier) guided on the frame 12, and an anvil (or insertion block) 30 (or usually a second tool carrier) arranged on the frame 12, the anvil 30 being fastened here in a groove 41 in the frame 12, particularly by means of a wedge (not shown) wedged into the groove 41.

[0055] An upper forming tool (or mold) 24 is attached to a rammer 26. The rammer 26, which has the upper forming tool 24, is capable of vertical movement via a drive system 22 mounted on a crossbeam 21. The drive system 22 may in particular be a hydraulic and / or electric motor drive system.

[0056] The lower forming tool 28 is attached to the anvil 30. Forming tools 24 and 28 are adapted to the desired shape of a metal workpiece, which is formed or forged between the forming tools 24 and 28 by impact forming action during the downward movement of the hammer 26. The operating equipment of the control system 77 is shown on one side of the frame 12.

[0057] Figures 2 to 4 The text also shows more details based on... Figure 1 An example of an embodiment of the frame 12 of the forging hammer.

[0058] Frame 12 comprises multiple frame components, particularly an anvil 14 as a first frame component and two columns 15 and 16 as additional frame components. Preferably, frame 12, particularly anvil 14, is erected on a base 11, which is anchored in a base 13. Additional anvils (not shown) may be provided if desired, for example, which may be cast in highly dynamic concrete.

[0059] The anvil 14 and the two uprights 15 and 16 are formed as separate components. The uprights 15 and 16 are supported in corresponding support areas (or connection areas, parting planes) 65 and 66 on the anvil 14. This separate design of the components and the corresponding multi-part nature of the frame 12 allow for modular construction and combinations of different materials. For example, the anvil 14, which must withstand greater forming forces and stresses, can be formed from cast steel or high-strength steel, while the uprights 15 and 16, which must withstand lower stresses during forming, can be formed from gray cast iron. Furthermore, the separate construction of the components allows for easier transport and assembly than a one-piece frame.

[0060] The outer surfaces or side surfaces of columns 15 and 16 are designated as 15A and 16A, respectively, and the upper surfaces or top surfaces of columns are designated as 15B and 16B, respectively. The outer side surfaces of the anvil bed 14 are designated as 14A and 14B, respectively, and the bottom surface of the anvil bed is designated as 14C.

[0061] In another embodiment of the invention, particularly Figure 1It can be seen that the connection regions or support regions 65 and 66 between the anvil bed 14 and the columns 15 and 16 are preferably arranged at least above the support region of the anvil (or insert block) 30 or above the fastening wedge, preferably above the entire anvil 30. As a result, the columns 15 and 16 have no (direct) contact with the anvil 30, and the displacement of the columns 15 and 16, especially the displacement in the horizontal direction, is greatly reduced or even completely avoided.

[0062] In the support region 65, one or more support surfaces 55 of the column 15 rest directly on the corresponding support surface 45 of the anvil bed 14, or indirectly via an intermediate element or disc if necessary. In the support region 66, one or more support surfaces 56 of the column 16 rest directly on the corresponding support surface 46 of the anvil bed 14, or indirectly via an intermediate element or disc as appropriate, as is particularly described in Figure 3 and Figure 4 as well as Figures 6 to 11 described in more detail. The support surfaces 55 and 56 of the columns 15 and 16 are preferably adapted to the shape of the adjacent support surfaces 45 and 46 of the anvil bed 14, that is, they form complementary or mutually adapted contact surfaces.

[0063] In the embodiment such as that shown in Figures 1 to 3 , the support surfaces 45 and 55 or the support surfaces 46 and 56 are all flat, and are preferably arranged horizontally or in at least one horizontal plane, so that unlike the case of inclined surfaces, there is no effective force component perpendicular to gravity at the support regions, which might cause the columns 15 and 16 to slide or slip.

[0064] Figure 2 and Figure 3 the embodiments shown in can also be modified into advantageous embodiments, in which the two cords and their associated channels and support regions are arranged identically or symmetrically relative to each other, that is, the two cords 85 and 86 are like Figure 2 and Figure 3 the cord 85 in bends outward, or the two cords 85 and 86 are like Figure 2 and Figure 3 the cord 86 in are vertical and straight (see also Figure 4 ).

[0065] In further, additionally independent embodiments according to the present invention, in particular according to Figure 4 and Figure 10 and Figure 11In the embodiments, the connection or support regions 65 and 66 between the anvil bed 14 and the columns 15 and 16 are at least partially formed with support surfaces 45 and 55 or 46 and 56, respectively. These support surfaces are inclined or inclined relative to the vertical direction or the direction of gravity, allowing the columns 15 and 16 to self-position or center on the anvil bed 14 by form-fit locking (and preferably not self-locking). In this embodiment, support surfaces 45 and 55 or 46 and 56 are also preferably flat surfaces, and preferably form at least a portion of a regular or irregular polyhedron, at least a portion of a pyramid or truncated pyramid, or at least a portion of a prism, for example having a downwardly tapered or inverted V-shaped cross section (saddle top) or already having only two inclined surfaces, i.e., double wedge clamping. However, other surface shapes that allow for shape-fitting connections may also be present at support regions 65 and 66, such as curved support surfaces, like spherical or elliptical surfaces, or conical or truncated conical surfaces. Support surfaces 45 and 55, and support surfaces 46 and 56, preferably form complementary surfaces such that they can be in direct contact with each other, wherein a protruding, particularly convex, support surface may correspond to or be relative to a recessed, particularly concave, support surface. The recessed support surface receiving the protruding support surface is typically the lower support surface in the direction of gravity to allow for stable support and centering.

[0066] Due to the form-fit design of the support surfaces 45 and 55 in support region 65 or 46 and 56 in support region 66, the columns 15 and 16 achieve self-alignment and self-positioning or self-centering and support relative to the anvil bed 14, without requiring additional displacement equipment to align the positions of the columns 15 and 16. Furthermore, due to the form-fit connection, even with only two bevels, i.e., double wedge clamping, it is sufficient to fix them with a sliding key 67 at each of the support regions 65 and 66.

[0067] Alternatively, a combination of embodiments can be selected, wherein a portion of the supporting surface is horizontal while another portion is inclined relative to the vertical direction, such as, for example... Figure 10 As shown and further explained in detail.

[0068] Furthermore, in another embodiment, in addition to the horizontal or flat and / or inclined support (sub) surfaces, a pair of support surfaces or sub-regions of a pair of support surfaces may be oriented vertically or nearly vertically (i.e., parallel to gravity) to completely prevent the frame components from moving laterally relative to each other in that direction or moving with a certain horizontal component, such as... Figure 11 As shown and further detailed, this lateral movement is particularly likely to occur due to lateral deformation caused by eccentric loads on the forming tool.

[0069] Preferably, in the support regions, particularly support regions 65 and 66, there is a free surface between the two pairs of support surfaces or support sub-surfaces, wherein the two frame components are not adjacent to each other or are separated from each other by an intermediate space or gap.

[0070] Due to reaction forces during the forming process in the forming machine, especially in (large) impact forming processes using forging hammers or other impact forming machines (such as screw presses), frame components may briefly peel off from each other, particularly by lifting the columns from the scraper, or gaps may briefly form in the support areas during dynamic behavior. The contact time considered in this paper during the forming process is in the range of a few tenths of a microsecond, for example, 0.3 ms.

[0071] To eliminate this, the frame components, particularly the anvil 14 and the two columns 15 and 16, are placed under pretension at the relevant support areas 65 and 66 respectively by means of a pretensioning device (or pretensioning apparatus), such that the tensile stress in the pretensioning device generates contact pressure at the support surfaces 45 and 55 or 46 and 56, thereby creating a force-fit connection between the frame components in the support areas 65 and 66.

[0072] For this purpose, the expected values ​​of force or stress / pressure (force per unit area) and deformation at support region 65 or support region 66 are preferably determined empirically or by means of computational simulation, and the contact pressure or contact force is set to be higher than these expected values ​​by means of pre-tensioning force or tensioning force in a pre-tensioning device in order to prevent or at least greatly reduce gap formation or peeling. Physically, kinetic force or acceleration force is generated, which at least approximately corresponds to the product of the rammer's mass and acceleration. The acceleration force briefly produces (in simulation or empirical studies without pre-loading devices) deformation that moves the lower tool carrier and the upper tool carrier away from each other. For example, if the rammer's acceleration during impact in the forging hammer is 1000 m / s². 2 Then, in a 6000kg hammer, an accelerating force or tensile stress of 6 MN occurs in another component direction away from the frame (corresponding to a force divided by the cross-sectional area of ​​the transmission equal to 6 MPa (1 Pa = 1 N / m)). 2 Then there is the 9 MN or 9 MPa that occurs in the 9000 kg hammer, which must be compensated for by pre-tensioning equipment.

[0073] Therefore, the pretension force or preload (tension force per unit area) of the pretensioning device is set to be at least 10% higher than these accelerating forces or corresponding dynamic stresses, preferably at least 20% higher, for example, higher than 6 MN or 6 MPa in the first case and higher than 9 MN or 9 MPa in the second case.

[0074] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pretensioning device used to generate this pretension is no longer the tie rod used in the prior art, but a rope capable of loading higher tensile stress. For the same cross-sectional area, the adjustable tension of the rope is typically four times that of the tie rod.

[0075] The construction of the cord is specifically selected based on the required tensile strength, the available cross-section, and the route of the guide channel in the frame, preferably within the framework of DIN EN 12385.

[0076] The load-bearing capacity and tensile strength of a rope depend on its structure, diameter, and materials. Therefore, the minimum breaking load of a rope is approximately equal to the product of its nominal cross-sectional area (determined by the outer diameter), fill factor, material strength (especially for steel), and strand factor. The tensile strength, tensile load capacity, or maximum tensile stress of a rope is the minimum breaking force divided by its cross-sectional area.

[0077] Ropes typically consist of a predetermined number of strands, such as 3 to 80 strands, which also determines the nominal cross-sectional area and tensile strength of the rope. The strands are preferably twisted together, particularly around a central core and / or twisted together in a helical shape (e.g., with a helix angle between 10° and 20°).

[0078] Specifically, the strands can be formed according to standard EN 10138-3. Each strand may include several strands, for example 3 to 245 strands, particularly 7 to 19 individual strands, which are preferably twisted together, particularly around the central insert of the strand.

[0079] Typically, the cord is pre-tensioned to a tension between 2 MN and 15 MN, and preferably between 7 MN and 12 MN.

[0080] For example, a rope labeled 31C15 has 31 strands and is typically 4650 mm long. 2 The nominal cross-sectional area and maximum tensile force of 8.215 MN, and the 37C15 cord with 37 strands allows a tensile force of 10 MN, corresponding to 752 MPa = 752 MN / m in the case of a tensile force of 10 MN and a diameter of 130 mm. 2 =752 N / mm 2 The tensile stress (in comparison, a solid tie rod would require a diameter of 254 mm to correspond to 196 MPa = 196 MN / m)2 =196 N / mm 2 (Tensile stress).

[0081] When a tensile force of 9 MN is applied, the 55-strand rope, with a strand diameter of 15.7 mm and a yield strength of 1770 N / mm², yields... 2 The rope withstands 1090 N / mm throughout its length. 2 The tensile stress is far greater than what a tie rod can withstand.

[0082] The high tensile stress (i.e., tensile force per unit surface area) that can be set using a wire (which is impossible in a tie rod) can also reliably prevent gaps from appearing at the connection interfaces (i.e., support areas 65 and 66) during impact formation in frame 12. This increases the positioning and movement accuracy of the upper forming tool 24 relative to the lower forming tool 28.

[0083] With the aid of wires, it is now possible, especially with the aid of reference simulation, to establish a connection that remains closed during impact. Problems observed with drop-in anchors, such as the multi-part frame of the forging hammer opening within the parting plane or the column briefly losing contact with the anvil, which can also be identified based on deposits in the joint, can now be avoided.

[0084] Ideally, each support area 65 and support area 66 uses only one continuous cord, but two or more cords can also be arranged in parallel and pre-tensioned at support area 65 or support area 66. The figure shows one cord 85 and one cord 86 for each post 15 and post 16, but two or more cords can be used for one or two posts 15 and post 16.

[0085] Each cord 85 and cord 86 is guided through and tensioned within a channel in the frame. The inner cross-section of the channel is adapted to the outer cross-section of the cord and is slightly larger, typically by a maximum of 5% to allow for threading.

[0086] Specifically, each cord 85 and cord 86 is drawn through the corresponding inner channels 43 and 44 in the anvil bed 14, and through the corresponding inner channels 53 and 54 in the corresponding posts 15 and 16, respectively. Channels 43 and 53, and channels 44 and 54, are placed or connected together through their openings or ends, each forming a continuous channel 18 for the corresponding cord 85 or cord 86. One channel 18 passes through one post 15 and anvil bed 14, while another channel 18 passes through another post 16 and anvil bed 14.

[0087] Channel 18 and the rope 85 or rope 86 thus guided therein can extend vertically, as... Figure 3 The shown cord 86 and Figure 4 The ropes 85 and 86 shown are arranged such that the direction of the applied tensile stress is substantially parallel to gravity. However, the channel 18 through which the ropes are guided can also (e.g.) Figure 4 As shown, in the case of the cord 85, it extends along a curved or bent line at least within the inner channel of the anvil 14, preferably extending outward. As a result, the tensile stress in the cord (here, 85) acting on the column (and preferably also on the support region 65), and thus from the column abutting the anvil, has both vertical and horizontal components, particularly the outward-pointing horizontal component. Therefore, in the support region, the column is pressed downward and also laterally, preferably inward, against the anvil 14. Thus, the cord 85 and the channel 18 extend at an angle α relative to the horizontal direction in the support region.

[0088] The ratio of the horizontal to the vertical component of the tensile stress in a rope can vary with the route or length of the rope, especially in the case of a curved or bent route, and particularly within the support range of 0 to 0.5.

[0089] Alternatively, such as Figure 6 As shown, the frame 12 can have a continuous channel 18 extending in a U-shape from the top of a column 15, first extending downwards, then (particularly in an arc) through the anvil 14, and finally upwards through another column 16. A rope then passes through the channel, with a tensioning device 32 at one end on the column 15 and another tensioning device 32 at the other end on the column 16. Alternatively, a rope extending along a crossbeam 21 between columns 15 and 16 (or even U-shaped or arched columns) is also conceivable, although this is not preferred due to the loss of installation space for the actuator.

[0090] At the rope ends 85A and 85B of the rope 85 and at the rope ends 86A and 86B of the rope 86, in each case there is a tensioning device 32, which encloses the relevant rope 85 or rope 86 and is clamped and locked at the corresponding ends of the channel 18, or forms a force-locking contact with the post 15 or post 16 and the anvil bed 14.

[0091] In this example, one tensioning device 32 is located outside the end of the curved channel 18, while the other three tensioning devices 32 are recessed into the funnel-shaped end of the channel 18. However, all the upper tensioning devices 32 may also be recessed into the funnel-shaped end of their respective channels 18.

[0092] In addition, in such Figures 6 to 11In all the embodiments shown, the upper tensioning device and the upper rope end can also be arranged in the inwardly formed (and preferably open toward the column side surface 15A and column side surface 16A respectively) receiving spaces 95 and 96 in the columns 15 and 16, and placed and tensioned on the base surface 97 and base surface 98 of the receiving spaces 95 and 96 respectively, with the corresponding channels of the rope leading to the receiving spaces 95 and 96.

[0093] The lower tensioning device 32 is recessed into the lower funnel-shaped end of the channel 18, which is preferably located below the anvil 14. Using the tensioning device 32, the rope 85 or rope 86 is pre-tensioned to the required tensile stress.

[0094] Known tensioning devices 32 with single-strand tension are preferably used because they are well-suited for limited installation space and also for vertical installation or assembly of the frame. Hydraulic strand jacks are particularly advantageous here, as they can also be actuated in several short strokes to, for example, the entire pre-tensioning stroke of several centimeters.

[0095] Figure 5 An embodiment of a tensioning device 32 for a support rope according to the present invention is shown. Such a tensioning device 32 is available, for example, from the manufacturer Freyssinet.

[0096] The tensioning device 32 has an anchor block 34, a plurality of jaws 36, and may also have a press-fit socket 38 and a guide 42. The jaws 36 are formed as tapered sleeves, and each jaw encloses a strand 20 of the rope. The anchor block 34 is specifically cylindrical in shape and has a plurality of tapered holes extending parallel to an axis of symmetry of the anchor block 34. The tapered holes are provided to receive the jaws 36. The press-fit socket 38 surrounds an end portion of the rope and has a wide end and a narrow end. The narrow end of the press-fit socket 38 is arranged toward the channel 18. The wide end of the press-fit socket 38 is in force-fit contact with the anchor block 34. The press-fit socket 38 has transverse ribs 40 that surround the press-fit socket 38 circumferentially. In this example, the press-fit socket 38 has two transverse ribs 40. The guide 42 surrounds another area of ​​the rope. The narrow end of the press-fit socket 38 again surrounds the guide 42. The guide 42 is formed as a transversely ribbed sleeve.

[0097] However, the press-fit socket 38 and guide 42 can also be omitted, since the frame itself is made of steel, and the anchor block 34 can be placed directly on the mating surface of the relevant frame component. Furthermore, the anchor block 34 can also have a support surface adapted to the mating surface of the frame component, and may also be adapted at a certain angle.

[0098] Tensioning devices 32 are configured to connect to the ends of the rope and its strands and press into the ends of the channel 18. Two tensioning devices 32 at both ends of the rope allow for adequate pre-tensioning between the anvil 14 and the posts 15 and 16.

[0099] An active tensioning device 32 may be provided at one end of the rope to tension the rope, and a passive tensioning device 32 may be provided at the other end to hold the rope in place only at the end. Preferably, both ends of the rope are provided with active tensioning devices 32.

[0100] The pretension can be adjusted specifically by mechanically actuating the tensioning device 32 using tools, an electric motor, or a hydraulic actuator. This can be done before commissioning, in several steps, and can be adjusted to a fixed value or subsequently adjustable. For the actuation and adjustment of the tensioning device 32, hydraulic or mechanical actuators of an STS system can be used, for example, which are known in themselves and will not be described in more detail here.

[0101] The use of ropes 85 and 86 as pretensioning devices allows for exceptionally high pretension between the anvil 14 and the corresponding posts 15 and 16. For example, the ropes have a higher tensile strength than comparable tie rods. The ropes can generate very high tensile stress. The ropes ensure that the force-fit connection between the anvil 14 and the posts 15 and 16 remains closed during impact. Furthermore, supporting the anvil 14 with the posts 15 and 16 using the ropes requires relatively little installation space. Despite the segmented frame, precise hammer guidance is not lost because the posts do not jump, change position, or deform during impact.

[0102] To reduce internal stress (e.g., notch stress) in the groove 41 due to pretensioning, particularly in the lower corner regions 78 and 79, these corner regions 78 and 79 are provided with rounded edges or radii, and / or spaced apart from the channel 18 and the tensioning cord in the channel, particularly at a minimum distance of 80 mm, preferably at least 100 mm, as determined by simulation.

[0103] The inward offset in grooves 71 and 72 above groove 41 is also reduced by their rounding.

[0104] By sufficiently separating the support areas 65 and 66 at the ends of the rope from the anchor block 34 or the upper tensioning device 32, the optimal force cone can be achieved.

[0105] Figure 6Another embodiment of a multi-part machine frame is shown. A rope 87 connects two posts 15 and 16 to an anvil 14. For this purpose, the rope 87 extends from one rope end 87A to another rope end 87B in an arcuate channel 18, with rope end 87A attached to one post 15 via a tensioning device 32, and rope end 87B attached to the other post 16 via the tensioning device 32.

[0106] In a preferred embodiment, the ends of the cord, at least the upper ends of the cord, are each arranged in a receiving space 95 or 96 formed in the post 15 or post 16. Preferably, the receiving space 95 or receiving space 96 opens toward the side surface 15A or side surface 16A of the post. Figure 6 As shown, but also as Figures 7 to 9 and Figure 11 As shown, the rope is clamped and pre-tensioned in receiving space 95 or receiving space 96 by means of tensioning device 32. Tensioning device 32, which clamps the ends of the rope, particularly anchor block 34, is placed or arranged on base surface 97 or base surface 98. Sub-channels in post 15 or post 16 open to the receiving space at the corresponding base surface, and the rope extends from the sub-channel into the receiving space or tensioning device.

[0107] Channel 18 consists of sub-channel 57 in column 15, arc-shaped sub-channel 47 in anvil bed, and sub-channel 58 in column 16. Sub-channel 57 in column 15 is inclined vertically and extends substantially straight inward. Arc-shaped sub-channel 47 in anvil bed 14 first extends downward to the lowest point 47C and then upward. Sub-channel 58 in column 16 is inclined vertically and extends substantially straight inward. Sub-channels 57 and 47 meet at the intermediate space 51 of support area 65, and sub-channels 58 and 47 meet at the intermediate space 52 of support area 66.

[0108] exist Figure 4 and Figures 6 to 8 In this configuration, support surfaces 45 and 55, or support surfaces 46 and 56, are each inclined upwards relative to the horizontal direction. The outer support sub-regions of support surfaces 45 and 55, or 46 and 56, are inclined outwards at an angle α relative to the direction of tension of the sub-channel 57 and thus the tension of the guided cord therein, while the inner support sub-regions of support surfaces 45 and 55, or 46 and 56, are inclined inwards at an angle β relative to the sub-channel 57.

[0109] exist Figure 10In the illustrated embodiment, only one pair of support surfaces, namely 45B and 55B, is inclined upwards and arranged at an angle β relative to the channel 53 and therefore the tension in the rope. The other pair of support surfaces, namely 45A and 55A, is horizontally oriented and arranged at an angle α relative to the channel 53 and therefore the tension in the rope. Other orientations of the support surfaces besides those described herein are also possible.

[0110] In all embodiments, the ratio of the inclination angle β to the outclination angle α is typically used to set the ratio of contact pressure on the support surface, where the contact pressure is the force component of the tension in the rope. Specifically, in the normal direction, the force component as contact force on the corresponding support (sub) region corresponds to the tension in the rope multiplied by a coefficient cos(in 90s) or cos(in 90s). When the inclination angles are equal (α = β), the force distribution is equal or symmetrical; when the inclination angles are unequal (α ≠ β), the force distribution is uneven or asymmetrical.

[0111] The inclination angle β is preferably equal to or greater than the outclination angle α. Preferably, the inclination angle is selected such that the contact force on the inner support (sub) region caused by the cord is greater than the contact force on the outer support (part) surface, for example, at least twice the contact force on the outer support (part) surface, i.e., in particular cos(90°-α) < cos(90°-β) or cos(90°-α) < 2cos(90°-β).

[0112] The preferred value of the inclination angle β is selected from the range of 60° to 100°, preferably about 90°, while the preferred value of the outclination angle α is selected from the range of 30° to 90°, preferably about 60°.

[0113] Figure 7 Another embodiment is shown in which two cords 85 and 86 cross each other and extend partially below the lower tool carrier or the second tool carrier 28, connecting opposite sides of the frame components. Cord 85 terminates at its upper end 85A in the region of the post side surface 15A of the post 15, and is tensioned at the upper end 85A by a tensioning device 32, preferably in the receiving space 95. The lower end 85B of cord 85 is tensioned on the opposite anvil side surface 14B of the anvil bed 14 via the tensioning device 32. Similarly, another cord 86 is tensioned at its upper end 86A on the post 16 in the region of the post side surface 16A of the post 16 by the tensioning device 32, preferably in the receiving space 96, and its lower end 86B is tensioned on the opposite anvil side surface of the anvil bed 14 via the tensioning device 32. The offset of the end 86B of the cord 86 from the center plane ME of the frame 12 is denoted as d1, and the offset of the end 85B of the cord 85 from the center plane ME is denoted as d2.

[0114] exist Figure 8An embodiment is shown in which two channels 18 for the two cords 85 and 86 pass through the frame 12 in a straight line and at an angle, indicated by inclination angles α and β. Therefore, sub-channels 53 and 43 in the posts 15 located in the anvil 14 forming the channel 18 for cord 85 are thus arranged coaxially or in a straight line front to back, as are sub-channels 54 and 44 of the channel 18 for cord 86. Consequently, the lower ends 85B of cord 85 and cord 86B are arranged closer to each other than the upper ends 85A and 86A.

[0115] Figure 9 An example of an embodiment in which the splitting or division of a rope into at least two partial ropes is now shown. A rope segment 81 or 82 with multiple strands, guided in sub-channel 53 or sub-channel 54, is divided into two partial ropes 81A and 81B in divider 88 or divider 89. Each partial rope is guided in sub-channel 43A or sub-channel 43B or sub-channel 44A or sub-channel 44B and divided into a reduced number of strands. This allows for a more uniform force load to be achieved within the anvil 14.

[0116] exist Figure 10 The embodiment of the connecting or supporting region 65 is enlarged in the diagram. Between the outer supporting surfaces 45A and 55A and the inner supporting surfaces 45B and 55B, there is a free surface 45C of the anvil 14 and a free surface 55C of the column 15, forming an intermediate space 51 between the free surfaces 45C and 55C. In the intermediate space 51, the sub-channel 53 in the column 15 terminates at the top, while the sub-channel 43 in the anvil 14 terminates at the bottom, such that the cord (not shown) in the supporting region 65 passes through the intermediate space 51 at a distance from the contacting supporting surfaces 45A, 55A, 45B, and 55B. Here, the outer supporting surfaces 45A and 55A extend horizontally and outwardly at an angle α, preferably from the range of 60° to 90°, into the sub-channel 53. The inclination angle β within the inner support surfaces 45B and 55B, preferably in the range of 60° to 90°, extends upward relative to the horizontal direction into the sub-channel 53. Specifically, the inclination angles α and β are equal here.

[0117] exist Figure 11The image shows an embodiment of a support region 66 between the column 16 and the anvil bed 14, and the tensioned end 86A of the rope 86. A pair of external support surfaces 46A and 56A, arranged horizontally and at an angle α to the rope 86, are first connected here by a pair of support surfaces 46C and 56C arranged steeply (preferably vertically or perpendicularly), which are thus oriented at an angle γ to the horizontal direction close to or preferably equal to 90°, preventing the column 16 from moving laterally outward. Thus, a shoulder-shaped or stepped support surface arrangement is achieved here. Downstream of support surfaces 46C and 56C, the column 16 and the anvil bed 14 form free surfaces 56D and 46D, respectively, with a gap 51 again formed between them, and the gap 51 at an angle typically 80° to 90° to the rope 86. tilt.

[0118] At the corner region adjacent to the bottom support surface 46C and support surface 56C, the gap surface 46D and gap surface 56D are rounded, and the gap 51 is widened to the rounded 51A to reduce the notch stress.

[0119] Similarly, in the upper corner region of support surface 56C and support surface 46C, a free surface 46F is formed, thus forming an intermediate space to avoid notch stress in the upper corner region, and thus, the contact pressure in region 55B is increased due to the overall smaller contact pressure surface.

[0120] On the other side of the cord 86, free surfaces 46D and 56D are connected by internal support surfaces 46B and 56B, which extend upward at an angle relative to the horizontal direction and again face the cord 86 at an inclination angle β.

[0121] Therefore, the cord preferably extends through the intermediate space or gap between the frame components in the support region between the frame components, which separates at least two pairs of support surfaces of the frame components from each other. By means of the arrangement and inclination of the paired support surfaces relative to the direction of tension in the cord or the channel in the support region, the corresponding contact force can be adjusted to the vector force component of the tension, i.e., adjusted in both quantity and direction, thereby specifically counteracting the deformation of the frame components determined by simulation or experience.

[0122] If operated incorrectly or used improperly, such as with excessive eccentric loads, the guide and hammer will not be damaged, but the column will "give way" and return to its original position due to the special arrangement of the rope and the contact or support surfaces.

[0123] In all embodiments, the drive system 22 is preferably a hydraulic drive system and specifically includes a hydraulic cylinder, such as a double-acting hydraulic cylinder or a differential cylinder, having a piston for driving the hammer 26 or driving the hammer 26 via a piston rod coupled to the piston. The drive system 22 also includes a hydraulic circuit having the hydraulic lines, valves, pumps, control units, and / or regulating units required to operate the hydraulic cylinder.

[0124] Instead of two separate columns, in all embodiments, several separate columns may be provided, or a connecting column assembly may also be provided that forms the column and beam as one piece.

[0125] The frame 12 according to the invention is not limited to use in forging hammers, but can also be used in other forming machines 10, especially forging machines, such as forging presses such as screw presses or electric upsetting machines, or stamping machines or rolling machines, or sand-lime brick presses.

[0126] Reference tag list 10 Molding Machines 11. Base 12 Framework 13 Base 14. Anvil bed 14A, 14B Anvil side surface 14C Underside of the anvil Columns 15 and 16 15A and 16A Column side surfaces 15B, 16B Column Top 18 channels 20-line stocks 21. Crossbeam 22 Drive System 24 Upper forming tool 26 rams 28 Lower forming tool 29 Wedge clamps 30 Anvil 32 tensioning devices 34 Anchor blocks 36 grippers 38 Press-fit socket 40 transverse ribs 41 recess 42. Guide Channels 43 and 44 Sub-channels 43A and 43B 44A and 44B sub-channels 45 Support surface 45A, 45B Support Surfaces 45°C Free Surface 46 Supporting surface 46A, 46BA support surfaces 46C Free Surface 46F Free Surface 47 sub-channels 47C Lowest point 51, 52 Intermediate Space 52A Rounded Channels 53 and 54 55 Support surface 55A, 55B Support Surface 55C Free Surface 56 Supporting Surface 56A, 56B Support Surfaces 56C Free Surface Sub-channels 57 and 58 Support areas 65 and 66 67 slide keys Grooves 71 and 72 73, 74 overhang 75, 76 Guide components 77 Control System 78, 79 Rounded areas 81 and 82 ropes Ropes 81A and 81B Ropes 82A and 82B 85 and 86 ropes 85A and 85B rope ends 86A and 86B rope ends 87 rope 87A and 87B rope ends 88, 89 separators Receiving Rooms 95 and 96 97, 98 Clamping surfaces ME central plane α, β tilt angles d1 and d2 are distances.

Claims

1. A multi-part machine frame for a forging machine, said forging machine being used to forge workpieces. a) The multi-component machine frame comprises at least two prefabricated frame components, which are formed independently of each other, abutting and supporting each other at at least one or at least two support areas such that a corresponding one of the at least two prefabricated frame components is supported above a corresponding other of the at least two prefabricated frame components, and are pre-tensioned to each other by means of a pre-tensioning device with a set or adjustable pretension, thereby pressing against each other and / or connecting to each other in a force-fit manner at the one or more support areas. b) Among them, At least two pairs of adjacent support surfaces are formed in the support region between two frame components, or at least one or each of the at least two support regions, the at least two pairs of adjacent support surfaces being arranged spaced apart from a free surface therebetween, with an intermediate space formed between the free surfaces. c) wherein the at least two pairs of adjacent support surfaces in the support region or related support regions constitute or serve as a form-fitting connection and / or a self-positioning connection.

2. The multi-component machine frame according to claim 1, wherein, The pretensioning device includes at least one rope.

3. The multi-component machine frame according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, At least one pretensioning device associated with the two frame components extends through the intermediate space formed between the free surfaces and separated from the paired support surfaces and / or between the two pairs of support surfaces, extending along the direction of tension or prestress through the intermediate space formed between the free surfaces and separated from the paired support surfaces and / or between the two pairs of support surfaces.

4. The multi-component machine frame according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The at least two pairs of adjacent support surfaces in the support area or the related support area constitute or realize a non-locking connection and / or double wedge tension, and / or wherein a fixing device using a corresponding slide key is provided at each support area.

5. The multi-component machine frame according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, At least one of the supporting surfaces in the supporting region is a flat surface and forms at least a portion of a regular or irregular polyhedron, or at least a portion of a pyramid or truncated pyramid, or at least a portion of a prism. and / or The support surfaces in at least one of the support regions are complementary to each other, wherein a protruding or convex arrangement of the support surfaces is opposite to a recessed or concave arrangement of the support surfaces.

6. The multi-component machine frame according to claim 5, wherein, At least one of the support surfaces in the support region has a V-shaped cross-section or a saddle-shaped top.

7. The multi-component machine frame according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, Each of the paired support surfaces is inclined upward relative to the horizontal direction, or one pair of support surfaces is arranged horizontally and the other pair of support surfaces is inclined upward relative to the horizontal direction.

8. The multi-component machine frame according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, A third or another pair of support surfaces is provided, the third or another pair of support surfaces being arranged between the free surface or the intermediate space and another pair of support surfaces in the pair of support surfaces, the other pair of support surfaces being one of the pair of support surfaces or horizontally arranged support surfaces, and the third or another pair of support surfaces being vertically oriented, the free surface or the intermediate space being formed in at least one corner region or transition region of the third pair of support surfaces.

9. The multi-component machine frame according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, A pair of external support surfaces are inclined at an outward angle (α) relative to the pretensioning device or the direction of the tension in the pretensioning device, and a pair of internal support regions are inclined at an inward angle (β) relative to the pretensioning device or the direction of the tension in the pretensioning device. Among them, the force component acting on the corresponding pair of supporting surfaces in the normal direction as the contact force corresponds to the factor of the tension force multiplied by 90° minus the cosine of the corresponding inclination angles (α, β). and / or The inclination angle (β) is selected to be equal to or greater than the outclination angle (α). And / or wherein the inclination angle (β) is selected from the range of 60° to 100°, and the outclination angle (α) is selected from the range of 30° to 90°.

10. The multi-component machine frame according to claim 2, wherein The tensile stress in the rope or each rope is set to at least 600 N / mm. 2 Or at least 800 N / mm 2 Or at least 1000 N / mm 2 And / or the tension in the said cord or each cord is set to be between 2 MN and 15 MN. and / or Each strand is formed and / or comprises a predetermined number of strands according to standard EN 12385, the strands being twisted together, and the strands are formed and / or comprise several individual strands according to standard EN 10138-3, the strands being twisted together.

11. The multi-component machine frame according to claim 10, wherein, The tension in the rope or each rope is set to be between 7 MN and 12 MN.

12. The multi-component machine frame according to claim 10, wherein, Each rope consists of 3 to 80 strands.

13. The multi-component machine frame according to claim 10, wherein, The strands are twisted together around the central core and / or in a spiral form.

14. The multi-component machine frame according to claim 10, wherein, The strands are twisted together around the central core and / or in a spiral form at a helical angle between 10° and 20°.

15. The multi-component machine frame according to claim 10, wherein, The stock consists of 3 to 245 individual lines.

16. The multi-component machine frame according to claim 10, wherein, The stock consists of 7 to 19 individual lines.

17. The multi-component machine frame according to claim 10, wherein, The wire is twisted around the central core of the strand.

18. The multi-component machine frame according to claim 2, wherein, At least one or each rope is guided in a continuous channel within the machine frame. At least one continuous channel and the rope guided therein extend through only two frame components. and / or At least one continuous channel and the rope guided therein extend through the three frame components.

19. The multi-component machine frame according to claim 18, wherein, Each of the frame components has at least one sub-channel, and in each case, at least one sub-channel of the frame component is connected to at least one sub-channel of one of the other frame components, and the continuous channel for the rope is formed by the interconnected sub-channels. The U-shaped or curved sub-channels in the frame component are connected at both ends to corresponding sub-channels of other frame components, forming a continuous channel for the cord with the two sub-channels, and the sub-channels in the frame component extend partially below the groove for the forming tool.

20. The multi-component machine frame according to claim 19, wherein, The continuous channels or sub-channels of two different cords intersect within the frame component, extending partially below the grooves for the forming tool, and / or extending from one side of the frame to the opposite side of the frame. and / or The sub-channels are arranged in a straight line or form a straight continuous channel and / or extend vertically or obliquely relative to the vertical direction.

21. The multi-component machine frame according to claim 18, having any one of the following features: a) A frame base and at least one, two, or four independently formed columns, extending substantially upward from the frame base, provided as separate frame components. b) wherein the U-shaped inner channel in the frame base is connected at both ends to corresponding inner channels in one or two columns, forming a continuous channel, and the end of the rope guided in the continuous channel is, in each case, located on or in the column. and / or c) Wherein, At least two inner channels in the frame base form a continuous channel with the inner channels in one or two columns and the inner channel in the beam, and the ends of the ropes guided in the continuous channel are each located at or within the frame base.

22. The multi-component machine frame according to claim 18, wherein: a) The pretension of the frame members abutting each other in the support area generates the amount and direction of tensile stress in at least one associated cord and its route, or the route of the continuous channel, and the resulting vertical and horizontal tensile stress components, wherein the ratio of the horizontal and vertical tensile stress components in the cord is in the range of 0% to 80% in its route, and between 0% and 50% in the support area. and / or b) At least one cord or the continuous channel for the cord extends substantially vertically at least in the support region, and / or at least one cord or the continuous channel for the cord extends at an angle (α) or obliquely relative to the vertical direction at least in the support region.

23. The multi-component machine frame according to claim 18, wherein, The pretensioning device includes at least one tensioning device at each strand for tensioning and inducing tensile stress in the strand. The tensioning device encapsulates the associated strand and clamps, locks, or force-fits with the frame component at the corresponding end of the continuous channel. The frame component has an outwardly opening receiving space for receiving the strand ends and the associated tensioning devices. At least one tensioning device includes an anchor block and a plurality of jaws, wherein the jaws are formed as conical sleeves and each jaw encloses a strand of the rope, and wherein the anchor block has a plurality of parallel conical holes for receiving the jaws, and / or wherein the tensioning device has a press-fit socket with a wide end and a narrow end, wherein the narrow end of the press-fit socket is arranged toward the continuous channel and the wide end of the press-fit socket is in force-fit contact with the anchor block, and wherein the press-fit socket has transverse ribs surrounding the press-fit socket in the circumferential direction.

24. The multi-component machine frame according to claim 23, wherein, At least one of the tensioning devices is located at the end of each rope.

25. The multi-component machine frame according to claim 23, wherein, The pretensioning device includes a tensioning device at each end of each rope.

26. The multi-component machine frame according to claim 1, wherein, The forging machine is an impact forging machine.

27. The multi-component machine frame according to claim 1, wherein, The forging machine is a forging hammer.

28. An impact forging machine for forging workpieces, comprising: a) A multi-part machine frame according to any one of claims 1 to 27, b) A tool carrier, guided on at least one frame component of the machine frame, movable toward or away from the frame base, and at least one first forming tool disposed on the tool carrier. c) At least one second forming tool, said at least one second forming tool being arranged on the frame base or anvil.

29. The impact forging machine according to claim 28, wherein, The impact forging machine is a forging hammer.

30. The impact forging machine according to claim 28, wherein, The tool carrier is a ram.

31. The impact forging machine according to claim 30, wherein, The tool carrier is guided on the columns of the machine frame.

32. The impact forging machine according to claim 31, wherein, The at least one second forming tool is arranged on an anvil or insertion block, which is arranged on a groove in the frame base.

33. The impact forging machine of claim 32, comprising at least one crossbeam connected to the column on a side remote from the frame base, wherein at least one actuator for the ram is disposed on the crossbeam. and / or in, Each support area between the frame base and the column is located at least above the groove or mounting wedge of the anvil or insert block.

34. The impact forging machine according to claim 33, wherein, Each support area between the frame base and the column is located above the entire anvil.

35. The impact forging machine according to claim 28 or claim 33, wherein, A pair of upwardly inclined support surfaces, or a pair of the upwardly inclined support surfaces, are arranged on the inner side of the frame facing the second forming tool.

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