Antenna panel selection for uplink transmission within the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limit

Abstract

This disclosure relates to a beam management report that enables the selection of an optimal antenna panel and beam combination for uplink transmission of a user equipment (UE) when one or more antenna panels of the UE are constrained by a maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limit. The UE (502) receives a reference signal (802) at a plurality of antenna panels, wherein the reference signal is received with a different beam on each of the plurality of antenna panels. The UE determines N beams that provide the highest measured strength (804, 806) of the reference signal on at least one of the plurality of antenna panels, wherein the MPE limit for uplink transmission is applied to the at least one of the plurality of antenna panels. The UE sends a beam management report, wherein the beam management report includes the reduced highest measured strength (808, 810) of the reference signal for the N beams based on the MPE limit.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of non-provisional application No. 17 / 344,844, filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office on June 10, 2021, and provisional patent application No. 63 / 039,404, filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office on June 15, 2020, the contents of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety as if fully set forth herein, and for all applicable purposes. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates generally to communication systems, and more specifically to the selection of antenna panels for uplink (UL) transmissions under maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limits. Background Technology

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunications services, such as telephone, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, and Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0005] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol enabling different wireless devices to communicate at the city, national, regional, and even global levels. An exemplary telecommunications standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the Continuous Evolution of Mobile Broadband (CLE) program issued by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), designed to meet new requirements related to latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., the Internet of Things (IoT)), and other requirements. 5G NR includes services related to enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. 5G NR technology requires further improvements. These improvements may also apply to other multiple access technologies and telecommunications standards that adopt them. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The following is a simplified summary of one or more aspects to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This summary is not a broad overview of all anticipated aspects, nor is it intended to identify all important or key elements of all aspects, nor to depict the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that follows.

[0007] In a wireless communication network, user equipment (UE) and base station can employ a set of procedures (e.g., beam management (BM) procedures) to maintain proper alignment of transmitter and receiver beams. The UE can be equipped with multiple antenna panels, each of which enables the UE to support multiple beams relative to the base station. In one example, if the UE is equipped with a first antenna panel supporting a first beam set and a second antenna panel supporting a second beam set, the UE can measure the strength of the beamforming reference signal received from the base station at the first antenna panel for each of the first beam set, and the strength of the beamforming reference signal received from the base station at the second antenna panel for each of the second beam set.

[0008] In some examples, the UE can generate a beam management report, including measured strengths of one or more beamforming reference signals received in the beam of the UE's antenna panel. The base station can then select the antenna panel and beam combination that currently provides the best performance based on the measured strengths included in the beam management report.

[0009] However, in some cases, the UE may be subject to transmit power rules, such as maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limits due to human contact near the UE's antenna panel. Therefore, the measured strength of some beamforming reference signals included in the beam management report may not accurately indicate the uplink performance of the beam on the antenna panel due to MPE limits. Consequently, when relying on beamforming reference signal measured strength in the beam management report, the base station may not be able to select the optimal beam and antenna panel combination for uplink transmission.

[0010] The beam management report covers various aspects, enabling the selection of the optimal antenna panel and beam combination for user equipment (UE) uplink transmission when one or more antenna panels of the UE are constrained by the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limit.

[0011] In one aspect of this disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. For example, the apparatus may be a UE (User Equipment). The apparatus receives a reference signal at a plurality of antenna panels, wherein the reference signal is received with a different beam on each of the plurality of antenna panels. The apparatus determines N beams that provide the highest measured strength of the reference signal on at least one of the plurality of antenna panels, wherein an MPE (Mean Differential Power) limit is applied to at least one of the plurality of antenna panels for uplink transmission. The apparatus sends a beam management report, wherein the beam management report includes the reduced highest measured strength of the reference signal for the N beams based on the MPE limit.

[0012] In one aspect of this disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus receives a reference signal at a plurality of antenna panels, wherein the reference signal is received with a different beam at each of the plurality of antenna panels. The apparatus determines N beams for each of the plurality of antenna panels, the N beams providing the highest measured strength of the reference signal. The apparatus sends a beam management report, including at least the highest measured strength of the N beams for each of the plurality of antenna panels and a transmission power back-off value for each of the plurality of antenna panels.

[0013] In one aspect of this disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus receives a reference signal at a plurality of antenna panels, wherein the reference signal is received with a different beam at each of the plurality of antenna panels. The apparatus determines N beams for each of the plurality of antenna panels, the N beams providing the highest measured strength of the reference signal. The apparatus sends a beam management report, including at least the highest measured strength of the N beams for each of the plurality of antenna panels and an MPE indicator value for each of the plurality of antenna panels.

[0014] In one aspect of this disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus receives a reference signal at a plurality of antenna panels, wherein the reference signal is received with a different beam on each of the plurality of antenna panels. The apparatus determines to apply an MPE limit to at least one of the plurality of antenna panels for uplink transmission. The apparatus determines N beams from a plurality of beams on the at least one of the plurality of antenna panels, the N beams providing the highest measured strength of the reference signal. After taking into account the MPE limit, the apparatus generates a beam management report, the beam management report including at least the highest measured strength of the N beams. The apparatus transmits the beam management report.

[0015] In one aspect of this disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus receives a reference signal at a plurality of antenna panels, wherein the reference signal is received with a different beam at each of the plurality of antenna panels. The apparatus determines N beams for each of the plurality of antenna panels, the N beams providing the highest measured strength of the reference signal. The apparatus determines a transmit power back-off value for each of the plurality of antenna panels. The apparatus generates a beam management report, including at least the highest measured strength of the N beams for each of the plurality of antenna panels and a transmit power back-off value for each of the plurality of antenna panels. The apparatus transmits the beam management report.

[0016] In one aspect of this disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus receives a reference signal at a plurality of antenna panels, wherein the reference signal is received with a different beam at each of the plurality of antenna panels. The apparatus determines N beams for each of the plurality of antenna panels, the N beams providing the highest measured strength of the reference signal. The apparatus determines an MPE indicator value for each of the plurality of antenna panels, wherein the MPE indicator indicates whether the antenna panel is preferred or not preferred for uplink transmission. The apparatus generates a beam management report, including at least the highest measured strength of the N beams for each of the plurality of antenna panels and the MPE indicator value for each of the plurality of antenna panels. The apparatus transmits the beam management report.

[0017] To achieve the foregoing and related objectives, one or more aspects include the features fully described below and specifically pointed out in the claims. The following description and drawings set forth certain illustrative features of one or more aspects in detail. However, these features represent only a few of the various ways in which the principles of each aspect can be employed, and this description is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network.

[0019] Figure 2A , 2B Figures 2C and 2D are illustrations showing examples of the DL channel in the first 5G / NR frame, the DL channel in the 5G / NR subframe, the UL channel in the second 5G / NR frame, and the UL channel in the 5G / NR subframe, respectively.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and user equipment (UE) in an access network.

[0021] Figure 4 An example beam management session is shown.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a signal flow diagram of an exemplary beam management session.

[0023] Figure 6 An exemplary wireless communication network including user equipment (UE) and base stations is shown.

[0024] Figure 7 This includes an illustration of an exemplary beam management scenario for a UE with multiple antenna panels.

[0025] Figure 8 It is a signal flow diagram based on various aspects of this disclosure.

[0026] Figure 9 This is an exemplary beam management report based on various aspects of this disclosure.

[0027] Figure 10 It is a signal flow diagram based on various aspects of this disclosure.

[0028] Figure 11 This is an exemplary beam management report based on various aspects of this disclosure.

[0029] Figure 12 It is a signal flow diagram based on various aspects of this disclosure.

[0030] Figure 13 This is an exemplary beam management report based on various aspects of this disclosure.

[0031] Figure 14 Exemplary beam management reports are shown in accordance with various aspects of this disclosure.

[0032] Figure 15 This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0033] Figure 16 This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0034] Figure 17 This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0035] Figure 18 This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0036] Figure 19 This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0037] Figure 20 This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0038] Figure 21 It is a conceptual data flow diagram, which illustrates the data flow between different parts / components in an exemplary device according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0039] Figure 22 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation of an apparatus for employing a processing system according to various aspects of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The detailed description below, illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings, is intended as a description of various configurations and not as representing the only configuration in which the concepts described herein can be practiced. This detailed description includes specific details intended to provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts can be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, well-known structures and components are presented in the form of block diagrams to avoid confusion regarding these concepts.

[0041] Several aspects of a telecommunications system will now be described with reference to various apparatuses and methods. These apparatuses and methods will be described in detail below and shown in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively, “elements”). These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the system as a whole.

[0042] For example, an element, any part of an element, or any combination of elements may be implemented as a “processing system” including one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (ISC) processors, system-on-a-chip (SoCs), baseband processors, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functions described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in a processing system may execute software. Software should be interpreted broadly as representing instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, programs, functions, etc., whether referring to software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or otherwise.

[0043] Accordingly, in one or more exemplary embodiments, the described functionality may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, these functions may be stored or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. A computer-readable medium includes a computer storage medium. The storage medium may be any available medium that is accessible to a computer. By way of example and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of computer-readable media of the types described above, or any other medium that can be used to store computer-executable code in the form of computer-accessible instructions or data structures.

[0044] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and access network 100. The wireless communication system (also known as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) includes a base station 102, a user interface unit (UE) 104, an evolved packet core (EPC) 160, and another core network 190 (e.g., a 5G core (5GC)). Base station 102 may include macro cells (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cells (low-power cellular base stations). Macro cells include base stations. Small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells.

[0045] Base station 102 configured for 4G LTE (collectively referred to as Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN)) can interface with EPC 160 via backhaul link 132 (e.g., S1 interface). Base station 102 configured for 5G NR (collectively referred to as Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN)) can interface with core network 190 via backhaul link 184. Among other functions, base station 102 can perform one or more of the following functions: transmission of user data, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, non-access stratum (NAS) message distribution, NAS node selection, synchronization, radio access network (RAN) sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and device tracking, RAN information management (RIM), paging, location, and warning message delivery. Base stations 102 can communicate directly or indirectly with each other via backhaul link 134 (e.g., X2 interface) (e.g., via EPC 160 or core network 190). Backhaul link 134 can be wired or wireless.

[0046] Base station 102 can wirelessly communicate with UE 104. Each base station 102 can provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographic coverage area 110. Overlapping geographic coverage areas 110 may exist. For example, a small cell 102' may have a coverage area 110' that overlaps with the coverage areas 110 of one or more macro base stations 102. A network that includes both small cells and macro cells can be referred to as a heterogeneous network. The heterogeneous network may also include a Home Evolution Node B (eNB) (HeNB), which can provide services to a restricted group called a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG). The communication link 120 between base station 102 and UE 104 may include uplink (UL) (also known as reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to base station 102 and / or downlink (DL) (also known as forward link) transmission from base station 102 to UE 104. The communication link 120 may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technologies, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link may use one or more carriers. Base station 102 / UE 104 may use the spectrum of a maximum Y MHz bandwidth (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400 MHz, etc.) allocated for each carrier in carrier aggregation for a maximum total Y x MHz (x component carriers) for transmission in each direction. Carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Carrier allocation may be asymmetric for DL ​​and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL ​​relative to UL). Component carriers may include primary component carriers and one or more auxiliary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as the primary cell (PCell) and the auxiliary component carriers may be referred to as secondary cells (SCell).

[0047] Some UEs 104 can communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. D2D communication link 158 can use DL / UL WWAN spectrum. D2D communication link 158 can use one or more sidelink channels, such as Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH), Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel (PSDCH), Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), and Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH). D2D communication can be achieved through various wireless D2D communication systems, such as FlashLinQ, WiMedia, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0048] The wireless communication system may also include a Wi-Fi access point (AP) 150 that communicates with a Wi-Fi station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154 in the 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum. When communicating in the unlicensed spectrum, the STA 152 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) to determine channel availability before communication.

[0049] Small cell 102' can operate in licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in unlicensed spectrum, small cell 102' can employ NR and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum as Wi-Fi AP 150. Small cell 102' employing NR in unlicensed spectrum can improve the coverage and / or increase the capacity of the access network.

[0050] Base station 102, whether a small cell 102' or a large cell (e.g., a macro base station), may include an eNB, a gNodeB (gNB), or another type of base station. Some base stations, such as gNB 180, may operate in the conventional sub-6 GHz spectrum, millimeter wave (mmW) frequencies, and / or near-mmW frequencies for communication with UE 104. When gNB 180 operates in mmW or near-mmW frequencies, gNB 180 may be referred to as an mmW base station. Extremely high frequency (EHF) is a portion of the RF spectrum in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF ranges from 30 GHz to 300 GHz, with wavelengths between 1 mm and 10 mm. Radio waves in this band may be referred to as millimeter waves. Near-millimeter waves may extend down to frequencies of 3 GHz with wavelengths of 100 mm. The ultra-high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz and is also known as centimeter waves. Communication using mmW / near-mmW radio bands (e.g., 3 GHz to 300 GHz) has extremely high path loss and short range. The mmW base station 180 can utilize the beamforming 182 of the UE 104 to compensate for extremely high path loss and short range.

[0051] Base station 180 can transmit beamforming signals to UE 104 in one or more transmit directions 182'. UE 104 can receive beamforming signals from base station 180 in one or more receive directions 182'. UE 104 can also transmit beamforming signals to base station 180 in one or more transmit directions. Base station 180 can receive beamforming signals from UE 104 in one or more receive directions. Base station 180 / UE 104 can perform beamforming training to determine the optimal receive and transmit directions for each of base station 180 / UE 104. The transmit and receive directions of base station 180 can be the same or different. The transmit and receive directions of UE 104 can be the same or different.

[0052] EPC 160 may include Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, Serving Gateway 166, Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) Gateway 168, Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) 170, and Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 172. MME 162 can communicate with Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. MME 162 is the control node that handles signaling between UE 104 and EPC 160. Typically, MME 162 provides bearer and connection management. All user Internet Protocol (IP) packets are transmitted through Serving Gateway 166, which is itself connected to PDN Gateway 172. PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation and other functions. PDN Gateway 172 and BM-SC 170 are connected to IP Service 176. IP Service 176 may include the Internet, intranet, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), PS streaming service, and / or other IP services. BM-SC 170 can provide functions for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. The BM-SC 170 can be used as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmissions, to authorize and initiate MBMS bearer services within a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), and to schedule MBMS transmissions. The MBMS gateway 168 can be used to allocate MBMS services to base station 102 within a Multicast-Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area belonging to a broadcast-specific service, and can be responsible for session management (start / stop) and collecting billing information related to eMBMS.

[0053] The core network 190 may include Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, Session Management Functions (SMF) 194, and User Plane Functions (UPF) 195. AMF 192 can communicate with Unified Data Management (UDM) 196. AMF 192 is the control node that handles signaling between UE 104 and the core network 190. Typically, AMF 192 provides QoS streaming and session management. All user Internet Protocol (IP) packets are transmitted through UPF 195. UPF 195 provides UE IP address allocation and other functions. UPF 195 connects to IP services 197. IP services 197 may include the Internet, intranets, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), PS streaming services, and / or other IP services.

[0054] A base station may also be referred to as a gNB, Node B, Evolved Node B (eNB), access point, base transceiver, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, Basic Services Set (BSS), Extended Services Set (ESS), Transmit-Receive Point (TRP), or some other appropriate terminology. Base station 102 provides UE 104 with access to EPC 160 or core network 190. Examples of UE 104 include cellular phones, smartphones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, GPS devices, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablets, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electricity meters, gas pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare devices, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other similar functional devices. Some UE 104 devices may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meters, gas pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, mobile station, subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, receiver / transmitter, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term.

[0055] Refer again Figure 1 In some respects, UE 104 can be configured to send a beam management report when a maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limit is applied to one or more antenna panels 198, which enables the selection of the optimal beam on the optimal antenna panel for uplink transmission. Although the following description may focus on 5G NR, the concepts described herein are applicable to other similar domains such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM, and other wireless technologies.

[0056] Figure 2A This is illustration 200, which shows an example of the first subframe within the 5G / NR frame structure. Figure 2B This is illustration 230, showing an example of a DL channel within a 5G / NR subframe. Figure 2C This is illustration 250, which shows an example of the second subframe within the 5G / NR frame structure. Figure 2D Illustration 280 illustrates an example of a UL channel within a 5G / NR subframe. The 5G / NR frame structure can be FDD, where, for a given set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that set are dedicated to either DL or UL, or it can be TDD, where, for a given set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that set are dedicated to both DL and UL. Figure 2A , 2CIn the provided example, it is assumed that the 5G / NR frame structure is TDD, subframe 4 is configured with slot format 28 (mostly DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and X can be flexibly used between DL / UL, and subframe 3 is configured with slot format 34 (mostly UL). Although subframes 3 and 4 are shown with slot formats 34 and 28 respectively, any particular subframe can be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are both DL and UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mixture of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. The UE configures the slot format via the received Slot Format Indicator (SFI) (dynamically via DL Control Information (DCI), or semi-statically / statically via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling). Note that the following description also applies to the TDD 5G / NR frame structure.

[0057] Other wireless communication technologies may have different frame structures and / or different channels. A frame (10 ms) can be divided into 10 equal-sized subframes (1 ms). Each subframe may include one or more time slots. Subframes may also include micro-slots, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each time slot may include 7 or 14 symbols, depending on the time slot configuration. For time slot configuration 0, each time slot may include 14 symbols, while for time slot configuration 1, each time slot may include 7 symbols. Symbols on the DL can be Cyclic Prefix (CP) OFDM (CP-OFDM) symbols. Symbols on the UL can be CP-OFDM symbols (for high-throughput scenarios) or Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) Extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (also known as Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols) (for power-constrained scenarios; limited to single-stream transmission). The number of time slots within a subframe is based on the time slot configuration and parameter set. For slot configuration 0, different parameter sets μ0 to 5 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 slots per subframe, respectively. For slot configuration 1, different parameter sets 0 to 2 allow 2, 4, and 8 slots per subframe, respectively. Correspondingly, for slot configuration 0 and parameter set μ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2... μ Each time slot / subframe. Subcarrier spacing and symbol length / duration are functions of a parameter set. Subcarrier spacing can be equal to 2. μ *15kHz, where μ is the parameter set from 0 to 5. Therefore, parameter set μ = 0 has a subcarrier spacing of 15kHz, and parameter set μ = 5 has a subcarrier spacing of 480kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely proportional to the subcarrier spacing. Figure 2A-2D An example is provided with a slot configuration of 0 (14 symbols per slot) and a parameter set μ = 0 (1 slot per subframe). The subcarrier spacing is 15 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 66.7 μs.

[0058] A resource grid can be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot consists of a resource block (RB) extending for 12 consecutive subcarriers (also known as a physical RB (PRB)). The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0059] like Figure 2A As shown, some REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. RS may include demodulated RS (DM-RS) (represented as R for a particular configuration). x (where 100x is the port number, but other DM-RS configurations are also possible) and the Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. RS may also include Beam Measurement RS (BRS), Beam Refinement RS (BRRS), and Phase Tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0060] Figure 2B Examples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame are shown. The Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) carries the DCI within one or more Control Channel Elements (CCEs), each CCE comprising nine RE Groups (REGs), each REG comprising four consecutive REs in an FDM symbol. The Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) may be located within symbol 2 of a specific subframe of the frame. The PSS is used by the UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identification. The Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) may be located within symbol 4 of a specific subframe of the frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the Physical Layer Cell Identifier Group Number and radio frame timing. Based on the Physical Layer Identifier and Physical Layer Cell Identifier Group Number, the UE can determine the Physical Cell Identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the aforementioned DM-RS. The Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) carrying the Primary Information Block (MIB) can be logically grouped via PSS and SSS to form a Synchronization Signal (SS) / PBCH block. The MIB provides multiple RBs and System Frame Numbers (SFNs) within the system bandwidth. The Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) carries user data, such as System Information Blocks (SIBs) broadcast system information that are not transmitted through the PBCH, and paging messages.

[0061] like Figure 2CAs shown, some REs carry DM-RS for channel estimation at the base station (denoted as R for a particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible). The UE can transmit DM-RS for the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) and DM-RS for the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS can be transmitted in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DM-RS can be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether a short or long PUCCH is transmitted and on the specific PUCCH format used. Although not shown, the UE can transmit a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS). The SRS can be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling on the UL.

[0062] Figure 2D Examples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame are shown. The PUCCH can be positioned as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, channel quality indicators (CQI), precoding matrix indicators (PMI), rank indicators (RI), and HARQ ACK / NACK feedback. The PUSCH carries data and can also be used to carry buffer status reports (BSR), power headroom reports (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0063] Figure 3This is a block diagram of base station 310 communicating with UE 350 in the access network. In the DL, IP packets from EPC 160 can be provided to controller / processor 375. Controller / processor 375 implements Layer 3 and Layer 2 functions. Layer 3 includes the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, and Layer 2 includes the Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and Media Access Control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides: RRC layer functions associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) broadcasting, RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), measurement configuration for Radio Access Technology (RAT) mobility and UE measurement reports; PDCP layer functions associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functions associated with upper-layer packet data unit (PDU) transmission, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functions associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority processing, and logical channel priority.

[0064] Transmit (TX) processor 316 and receive (RX) processor 370 implement Layer 1 functions associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1 includes a physical (PHY) layer, which may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) encoding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, physical channel modulation / demodulation, and MIMO antenna processing. TX processor 316 is based on a signal constellation of various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-phase shift keying (M-PSK), and M-order quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The encoded and modulated symbols can then be split into parallel streams. Each stream can then be mapped to OFDM subcarriers, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time and / or frequency domains, and then combined using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying the time-domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM streams are spatially precoded to produce multiple spatial streams. The channel estimate from channel estimator 374 can be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimate can be derived from a reference signal transmitted by UE 350 and / or channel condition feedback. Each spatial stream can then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318TX. Each transmitter 318TX can modulate an RF carrier with the corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0065] At UE 350, each receiver 354RX receives signals through its respective antenna 352. Each receiver 354RX recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides this information to the receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and RX processor 356 implement Layer 1 functions associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial stream destined for UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for UE 350, they can be combined by the RX processor 356 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 356 then uses a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to transform the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols and reference signals on each subcarrier are recovered and demodulated by determining the most probable signal constellation points transmitted by base station 310. These soft decisions can be based on channel estimates calculated by channel estimator 358. The soft decision is then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally transmitted by base station 310 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to controller / processor 359 that implements layer 3 and layer 2 functions.

[0066] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with a memory 360 that stores program code and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing between the transmission and logical channels to recover IP packets from the EPC 160. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operation.

[0067] Similar to the functions described in the DL transmission description of base station 310, controller / processor 359 provides: RRC layer functions associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functions associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functions associated with upper-layer PDU transmission, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functions associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs to TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority processing, and logical channel priority.

[0068] The TX processor 368 can use a reference signal transmitted from the base station 310 by the channel estimator 358 or a feedback-derived channel estimate to select an appropriate coding and modulation scheme and facilitate spatial processing. The spatial stream generated by the TX processor 368 can be provided to different antennas 352 via individual transmitters 354TX. Each transmitter 354TX can modulate an RF carrier with the corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0069] UL transmission is processed at base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver function at UE 350. Each receiver 318RX receives signals through its respective antenna 320. Each receiver 318RX recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides that information to RX processor 370.

[0070] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with a memory 376 that stores program code and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing between transport and logical channels to recover IP packets from the UE 350. IP packets from the controller / processor 375 may be provided to the EPC 160. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operation.

[0071] At least one of the TX processor 368, RX processor 356, and controller / processor 359 can be configured to perform and Figure 1 The 198-related aspects.

[0072] As described herein, wireless communication networks (e.g., 5G NR networks) can provide a mechanism for UEs and base stations (e.g., mmW base stations) to establish directional transmission links using beamforming signals. However, these directional links may require fine alignment of the transmitter and receiver beams to achieve acceptable communication quality. Therefore, UEs and base stations can employ a set of procedures referred to herein as beam management (BM) to maintain proper alignment of the transmitter and receiver beams. In some examples, beam management can be performed during one or more beam management sessions, as described in reference [reference missing]. Figure 4 As described.

[0073] Figure 4 Exemplary beam management sessions 400 and 420 are shown. Beam management sessions 400 and 420 can be performed by the UE and the base station. In some examples, the UE and the base station can periodically perform beam management sessions (e.g., beam management sessions 400 and 420) to maintain proper beam alignment and acceptable communication link quality.

[0074] like Figure 4 As shown, the first beam management session 400 may include signal measurement periods 402, 404, 406, 408, 410 and a beam management period 412. The second beam management session 420 may include signal measurement periods 422, 424, 426, 428, 430 and a beam management period 432. During the signal measurement period of the beam management session (e.g., signal measurement periods 402, 404, 406, 408, 410 of the first beam management session 400), the UE may measure the strength of the beamforming reference signal received from the base station. For example, during each signal measurement period 402, 404, 406, 408, 410, the base station may transmit a beamformed CSI-RS signal and the UE may measure the corresponding received power of the beamformed CSI-RS signal. In some examples, the received power may be expressed as a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), or other suitable metrics.

[0075] In some examples, and as described in detail herein, the UE may be equipped with multiple antenna panels. Each of the multiple antenna panels enables the UE to support multiple beams with respect to the base station. For example, during signal measurement periods 402, 404, 406, 408, 410, the UE may measure the strength (e.g., received power) of a beamforming reference signal (e.g., a beamforming CSI-RS signal) transmitted from the base station for each of the multiple beams on one or more of the multiple antenna panels. In one example, if the UE is equipped with a first antenna panel supporting a first beam set and a second antenna panel supporting a second beam set, the UE may measure the strength of the beamforming reference signal received at the first antenna panel for each of the first beam set, and the strength of the beamforming reference signal received at the second antenna panel for each of the second beam set.

[0076] In some examples, during a beam management period (e.g., beam management period 412), the UE may generate a beam management report that includes the measured strength (e.g., received power) of each beamforming reference signal received in each beam of multiple antenna panels. In other examples, the UE may generate a beam management report that includes N optimal measured strengths of the beamforming reference signal received in the beam of each antenna panel, where N is a positive integer. The value of N may be pre-configured at the UE or set by the base station. In still other examples, the UE may generate a beam management report that includes N optimal measured strengths of the beamforming reference signal received in the beam of the optimal antenna panel. As used herein, the term "optimal antenna panel" may refer to an antenna panel having one or more beams that provides a greater measured strength of the reference signal than the reference signal measured in other beams on other antenna panels.

[0077] The UE can send a beam management report to the base station. The base station can select the antenna panel and beam combination currently providing the best performance based on the measured strengths included in the beam management report. It should be noted that the measured strength of a reference signal on the UE's antenna panel (e.g., as included in the beam management report) can indicate a specific beam on that antenna panel. The base station can configure the UE (e.g., when scheduling the UE for uplink transmission) to use the selected antenna panel and beam combination for uplink transmission. In some examples, the base station can also transmit data to the UE on the selected beam (e.g., in the downlink).

[0078] In some cases, the UE may be subject to transmit power rules. For example, the UE's maximum transmit power can be set to the effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) value P. EIRPHowever, in the event of human contact near the UE antenna panel, the UE's maximum transmit power relative to that antenna panel can be set to the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) transmit power value P. MPE , where P MPE <P EIRP P EIRP and P MPE The value can be expressed in decibels per milliwatt (dBm). For example, P EIRP It can be set to 25dBm (e.g., P). EIRP =25dBm), and P MPE It can be set to 10dBm (e.g., P). MPE =10dBm). P MPE The value can change based on the proximity of the user to the UE. For example, P MPE The value can decrease as the user's body part (e.g., a finger) gets closer to the UE's surface. For example, the UE can use a proximity sensor (e.g., one or more detectors using radar-type technology) to detect the proximity of the user's body part. In some applications, the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) transmit power value P MPE This can represent the maximum power that a UE can transmit within time T. In one example, if P MPE If the value is set to 10dBm and the time T is set to 4 seconds, then measurements taken over a period of more than four seconds in the presence of human contact will show that the UE's transmit power may not exceed 10dBm.

[0079] Figure 5 This is a signal flow diagram 500 for an exemplary beam management session. Figure 5 As shown, during beam management session 506, base station 504 can transmit reference signal 508 (e.g., beamforming reference signal) to UE 502. For example, reference signal 508 can be a CSI-RS signal. UE 502 can include multiple antenna panels, each of which can support multiple beams. In some examples, base station 504 can transmit reference signal 508 in different beams. In some examples, base station 504 can transmit reference signals in all beams supported by all antenna panels of UE 502. This will refer to... Figure 6 To provide a more detailed explanation.

[0080] Figure 6 An exemplary wireless communication network 600 is shown, including UE 502 and base station 504. Figure 6In the exemplary embodiment shown, UE 502 includes two antenna panels, such as a first antenna panel (antenna panel_1) 602 and a second antenna panel (antenna panel_2) 604. The first antenna panel 602 can support a first beam 606 and a second beam 608, and the second antenna panel 604 can support a third beam 610 and a fourth beam 612. Therefore, in Figure 6 In the example shown, base station 504 can transmit reference signal 508 in the first beam 606, the second beam 608, the third beam 610, and the fourth beam 612.

[0081] Refer again Figure 5 UE 502 can measure the strength of the reference signal 508 received in each beam of each antenna panel of UE 502. UE 502 can generate a beam management report 510 based on the measured strength of the reference signal 508 and can send the beam management report 510 to base station 504. Base station 504 can select the best antenna panel and beam (e.g., the antenna panel and beam that provides the highest communication quality between UE 502 and base station 504) based on the beam management report 510 for UE 502 to use for uplink transmission. The base station can then send an antenna panel and beam selection 512 to UE 502. Base station 504 can configure UE 502 to use the selected antenna panel and beam for uplink transmission.

[0082] When a human body comes into contact with the antenna panel of UE 502 and the maximum transmit power of UE 502 relative to that antenna panel is set to the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limit (e.g., MPE transmit power value P),... MPE In scenarios where the reference signal strength within the antenna panel beam is insufficient, the measured strength may not accurately indicate the beam performance used for uplink transmission. Typically, MPE limits (e.g., P...) are... MPE The value of the antenna panel is lower than the measured strength of the reference signal in the beam, and the base station may have no mechanism to detect whether the UE's antenna panel is constrained by the MPE limit when there is human contact. Furthermore, conventional beam management reporting formats may not allow the UE to indicate that its antenna panel is constrained by the MPE limit. In other words, the base station may not be aware that the UE's antenna panel is constrained by the MPE limit. Therefore, in scenarios where human contact occurs near the UE's antenna panel, the antenna panel and beam combination selected by the base station for uplink transmission at the UE may not actually be the optimal combination. This may prevent the UE and base station from achieving the highest possible communication quality. The aspects described in this paper overcome these problems so that the UE and base station can communicate on the optimal antenna panel and beam even when the UE is constrained by the MPE limit due to human contact.

[0083] Figure 7This includes illustrations for UEs with multiple antenna panels (e.g., Figure 5 and 6 Illustration 700 of an exemplary beam management scenario for UE 502 shown. Figure 7 In this context, P1 can represent the highest measured strength of the reference signal received in the beam of the first antenna panel (antenna panel_1) 602 of UE 502, and P2 can represent the highest measured strength of the reference signal received in the beam of the second antenna panel (antenna panel_2) 604 of UE 502. Therefore, P1 can represent the measured strength of the reference signal received in the optimal beam on antenna panel_1 602, and P2 can represent the measured strength of the reference signal received in the optimal beam on antenna panel_2 604. In the current scenario, the value of P1 is greater than the value of P2. In some examples, the term "P1" as used herein can represent a first value (e.g., a number) in dBm, and the term "P2" can represent a second value (e.g., a number) in dBm.

[0084] If UE 502 detects human contact near one or more antenna panels of UE 502, UE 502 can transmit power value P based on the MPE described above. MPE Determine the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) transmit power backoff value (also referred to herein as transmit power backoff value) for one or more antenna panels. In some examples, UE 502 may receive one or more MPE transmit power backoff values ​​from base station 504. In some implementations, UE 502 may receive a set of MPE transmit power backoff values ​​from base station 504, where each MPE transmit power backoff value corresponds to the proximity of human contact. For example, the set of MPE transmit power backoff values ​​may allow UE 502 to apply a larger MPE transmit power backoff value when human contact (e.g., a user's finger or face) is closer to the antenna panel.

[0085] For example, refer to Figure 6 UE 502 can determine a first MPE transmit power backoff value (e.g., backoff_1) for antenna panel_1 602 and a second MPE transmit power backoff value (e.g., backoff_2) for antenna panel_2 604. In some examples, the term "backoff_1" as used herein can represent a value in dBm (e.g., a number) and can represent the first MPE transmit power backoff value. The term "backoff_2" can represent a value in dBm (e.g., a number) and can represent the second MPE transmit power backoff value. In a non-limiting example, backoff_1 can be set to 3 dBm and backoff_2 can be set to 6 dBm.

[0086] like Figure 7 As shown, for each antenna panel, UE 502 can determine the highest measured strength of the reference signal after taking into account the MPE limit (also known as MPE transmit power backoff). In some examples, and as... Figure 7 As shown, UE 502 can determine the highest measured strength of the reference signal on antenna panel_1 602 by subtracting a first MPE transmit power backoff value (e.g., backoff_1) from the highest measured strength of the reference signal (e.g., P1). For example, UE 502 can determine the result of the expression P1 - backoff_1. UE 502 can further determine the highest measured strength of the reference signal on antenna panel_2 604 by subtracting a second MPE transmit power backoff value (e.g., backoff_2) from the highest measured strength of the reference signal (e.g., P2). For example, UE 502 can determine the result of the expression P2 - backoff_2. For example, the result of expressions P1 - backoff_1 and P2 - backoff_2 can be referred to herein as the reduced highest measured strength of the reference signal.

[0087] It should be noted that if UE 502 performs uplink transmission from antenna panel 1 602 with uplink transmit power of P1-back-off_1, the uplink transmit power (e.g., as measured within period T) will not exceed the MPE transmit power value P. MPE Furthermore, if UE 502 performs uplink transmission from antenna panel 2 604 with uplink transmit power of P2-back-off_2, the uplink transmit power (e.g., as measured within period T) will not exceed the MPE transmit power value P. MPE .

[0088] As mentioned above, in Figure 7In an exemplary beam management scenario, the measured strength P1 of the reference signal received by the UE in the optimal beam of the first antenna panel (antenna panel_1) 602 is greater than the measured strength P2 of the reference signal received in the optimal beam of the second antenna panel (antenna panel_2) 604. Furthermore, the result of expression P1 backoff_1 may be less than the result of expression P2 backoff_2. Therefore, since the P1 value measured at the first antenna panel (antenna panel_1) 602 is greater than the P2 value measured at the second antenna panel (antenna panel_2) 604, the base station 504 considers the first antenna panel (antenna panel_1) 602 to be the optimal antenna panel. However, after considering the MPE limit (e.g., MPE transmit power backoff value), since P1 backoff_1 is less than P2 backoff_2 in the current scenario, the optimal antenna panel may be the second antenna panel (antenna panel_2) 604. Therefore, if base station 504 is not informed of any MPE limits currently applied to one or more antenna panels of UE 502 due to human contact, base station 504 may be unable to select the optimal antenna panel and beam combination for uplink transmission at UE 502.

[0089] Figure 8 This is based on the signal flow diagram 800 of various aspects of this disclosure. For example... Figure 8 As shown, base station 504 can transmit reference signal 802 to UE 502. Within UE 504, UE 502 can measure the strength of the reference signal 802 in each beam of each antenna panel of UE 502. For example, UE 502 can measure the strength (e.g., reference signal received power) of the reference signal 802 in each beam supported by antenna panel_1 602 and each beam supported by antenna panel_2 604.

[0090] In step 806, UE 502 can determine N beams providing the highest measured strength of the reference signal 802 on each antenna panel, where N is a positive integer. The value of N can be pre-configured at the UE or set by the base station 504. If UE 502 determines that a maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limit will be applied to at least one antenna panel of the antenna panels used by UE 502 for uplink transmission, then in step 808, UE 502 can generate a beam management report after considering the MPE limit, the beam management report including the highest measured strength of the N beams on at least one antenna panel. For example, in some aspects of this disclosure, UE 502 can obtain the highest measured strength of the reference signal in the N beams and can subtract a transmit power backoff value from the highest measured strength to consider the MPE limit.

[0091] For example, if the strength of the reference signal 802 measured at antenna panel_1 602 is P1, and if the MPE transmit power backoff value determined for antenna panel_1 602 is backoff_1, then the strength of the reference signal 802 measured after the MPE transmit power backoff can be expressed as P1 - backoff_1. Continuing this example, if the strength of the reference signal 802 measured at antenna panel_2 604 is P2, and if the MPE transmit power backoff value determined for antenna panel_2 604 is backoff_2, then the strength of the reference signal 802 measured after the MPE transmit power backoff can be expressed as P2 - backoff_2. In this example, P1 > P2 and (P1 backoff_1) < (P2 backoff_2).

[0092] Figure 9 An exemplary beam management report 810 is shown. In the exemplary beam management report 810, N may be set to 1. UE 502 may include the result of expression P1-back-off_1 to indicate the highest measured strength of reference signal 802 at antenna panel_1 602 after MPE transmit power back-off, and may include the result of expression P2-back-off_2 to indicate the highest measured strength of reference signal 802 at antenna panel_2 604 after MPE transmit power back-off.

[0093] UE 502 can send beam management report 810 to base station 504. Base station 504 can select the antenna panel and beam for uplink transmission at UE 502 based on beam management report 810. For example, refer to Figure 9 The exemplary beam management report 810 shown can be decoded by base station 504 to obtain information included in the beam management report 810. Since (P1 backoff_1) < (P2 backoff_2), base station 504 can select the antenna panel_2 604 with the best measured strength and beam (e.g., the beam providing the measured strength of P2 backoff 2) after MPE transmit power backoff. Base station 504 can send antenna panel and beam selection 814 to UE 502.

[0094] UE 502 can transmit a sounding reference signal (SRS) 816 to base station 504. For example, UE 502 can use an antenna panel and beam selected by base station 504 to transmit SRS 816 (e.g., antenna panel_2 604 and beam with optimal measured strength after MPE transmit power backoff). UE 502 can transmit SRS 816 with a transmit power set to Pu backoff_2 in order to receive the correct modulation and coding scheme (MCS) from base station 504, where Pu is the maximum transmit power of UE 502 and backoff_2 is the MPE transmit power backoff value of antenna panel_2 604.

[0095] Base station 504 can determine the modulation and coding scheme for uplink transmission 818 based on SRS 816 and can transmit the modulation and coding scheme for uplink transmission 818 to UE 502. UE 502 can use the antenna panel and beam selected by base station 504 to transmit uplink data 820 to base station 504 (e.g., antenna panel 2 604 and beam with optimal measured strength after MPE transmit power backoff). UE 502 can use the transmit power set as the result of expression Pu-back-off 2 to transmit uplink data 820 (e.g., on PUSCH).

[0096] Figure 10 This is based on the signal flow diagram 1000 of various aspects of this disclosure. For example... Figure 10 As shown, base station 504 can transmit reference signal 1002 to UE 502. Within UE 504, UE 502 can measure the strength of the reference signal 1002 in each beam of each antenna panel of UE 502. For example, UE 502 can measure the strength (e.g., reference signal received power) of the reference signal 1002 in each beam supported by antenna panel_1 602 and each beam supported by antenna panel_2 604.

[0097] In 1006, UE 502 can determine the N beams with the highest measured strength provided by 1006 on each of its antenna panels, where N is a positive integer. The value of N can be set by base station 504. UE 502 can further determine the transmit power backoff value for each antenna panel.

[0098] For example, UE 502 can determine that the highest measured strength of reference signal 1002 in the beam at antenna panel_1 602 is P1 and the highest measured strength of reference signal 1002 in the beam at antenna panel_2 604 is P2. UE 502 can further determine the MPE transmit power backoff value "backoff_1" for antenna panel_1 602 and the MPE transmit power backoff value "backoff_2" for antenna panel_2 604. In one example, P1 > P2 and (P1 backoff_1) < (P2 backoff_2). In some examples, the value of backoff_1 can be represented by a first multi-bit binary value and the value of backoff_2 can be represented by a second multi-bit binary value. In some examples, the value of backoff_1 may differ from the value of backoff_2.

[0099] In 1008, the UE can generate a beam management report, which includes at least the highest measured strength of N beams for each of the multiple antenna panels and the transmit power backoff value for each antenna panel. Figure 11 An example beam management report 1010 is shown. Figure 11In the beam management report 1010, the highest measured strength (e.g., P1) of the reference signal 1002 on antenna panel_1 602 and the MPE transmit power backoff value for antenna panel_1 602 (e.g., backoff_1) are included, as are the highest measured strength (e.g., P2) of the reference signal 1002 on antenna panel_2 604 and the MPE transmit power backoff value for antenna panel_2 604 (e.g., backoff_2). UE 502 can transmit the beam management report 1010 to base station 504. In some aspects of this disclosure, if there is no human contact near the antenna panel of UE 502, the MPE transmit power backoff value of that antenna panel can be indicated as zero in the beam management report 1010.

[0100] Base station 504 can select, based on beam management report 1010, the antenna panel and beam used for uplink transmission at UE 502. For example, refer to... Figure 11 The exemplary beam management report 1010 shown can be decoded by base station 504 to obtain information included in the beam management report 1010. After MPE transmit power backoff, base station 504 can determine the highest measured strength of reference signal 1002 in the beam of antenna panel_1 602 by subtracting the MPE transmit power backoff value "backoff_1" (e.g., (P1-backoff_1)) from the value of P1. Base station 504 can further determine the highest measured strength of reference signal 1002 in the beam of antenna panel_2 604 by subtracting the MPE transmit power backoff value "backoff_2" (e.g., (P2-backoff_2)) from the value of P2 after MPE transmit power backoff. In this example, if P1 > P2 and (P1-backoff_1) < (P2-backoff_2), then base station 504 can determine that the optimal measured strength of reference signal 1002 on the optimal antenna panel can be P2-backoff_2 of antenna panel_2 604 after MPE transmit power backoff, even though P1 is greater than P2. Base station 504 can then send antenna panel and beam selection 1014 to UE 502.

[0101] UE 502 can transmit a sounding reference signal (SRS) 1016 to base station 504. For example, UE 502 can use an antenna panel and beam selected by base station 504 to transmit SRS 1016 (e.g., antenna panel_2 604 and beam with the highest measured strength after MPE transmit power backoff (e.g., P2 backoff_2)). UE 502 can transmit SRS 1016 with a transmit power set to Pu backoff_2 in order to receive the correct modulation and coding scheme (MCS) from base station 504, where Pu is the maximum transmit power of UE 502 and backoff_2 is the MPE transmit power backoff value of antenna panel_2 604. In some examples, Pu can represent a number in dBm.

[0102] Base station 504 can determine the modulation and coding scheme for uplink transmission 1018 based on SRS 1016 and can transmit the modulation and coding scheme for uplink transmission 1018 to UE 502. UE 502 can use the antenna panel and beam selected by base station 504 to transmit uplink data 1020 to base station 504 (e.g., antenna panel_2 604 and beam with the highest measured strength (e.g., P2 backoff_2) after MPE transmit power backoff). UE 502 can use the transmit power set as the result of expression Pu-backoff_2 to transmit uplink data 1020 (e.g., on PUSCH).

[0103] In some aspects of this disclosure, the beam management report 1010 may allow base station 504 to select the optimal antenna panel and beam for downlink transmission of UE 502, which may differ from the optimal antenna panel and beam selected by UE 502 for uplink transmission. For example, because the beam management report 1010 includes the highest measured strength (e.g., P1) and MPE transmit power backoff value (e.g., backoff_1) of reference signal 1002 for antenna panel_1 602, and the highest measured strength (e.g., P2) and MPE transmit power backoff value (e.g., backoff_2) of reference signal 1002 for antenna panel_2 604, base station 504 may select antenna panel_1 602 for downlink transmission given that P1 > P2 and the MPE limit may not be applicable to downlink transmission. In this way, UE 502 can achieve optimal communication quality for uplink transmission using antenna panel_2 604 and optimal communication quality for downlink transmission using antenna panel_1 602.

[0104] Figure 12 This is based on the signal flow diagram 1200 of various aspects of this disclosure. For example... Figure 12As shown, base station 504 can transmit reference signal 1202 to UE 502. In 1204, UE 502 can measure the strength of reference signal 1202 in each beam of each antenna panel of UE 502. For example, UE 502 can measure the strength (e.g., reference signal received power) of reference signal 1202 in each beam supported by antenna panel_1 602 and each beam supported by antenna panel_2 604.

[0105] In 1206, UE 502 can determine the N beams providing the highest measured strength on each antenna panel and any transmit power backoff values ​​for the antenna panels, where N is a positive integer. The value of N can be pre-configured at the UE or set by the base station 504. UE 502 can further determine the MPE transmit power backoff value for each antenna panel near a human contact point.

[0106] For example, UE 502 can determine that the highest measured strength of the reference signal 1202 at antenna panel_1 602 is P1 and the highest measured strength of the reference signal 1202 at antenna panel_2 604 is P2. UE 502 can further determine the MPE transmit power backoff value "backoff_1" for antenna panel_1 602 and the MPE transmit power backoff value "backoff_2" for antenna panel_2 604. In one example, P1 > P2 and (P1 backoff_1) < (P2 backoff_2).

[0107] In 1208, UE 502 can generate a beam management report, which includes at least the highest measured strength of N beams for each antenna panel and an MPE indicator for each antenna panel. The MPE indicator can indicate whether the antenna panel is preferred or not preferred for uplink transmission. In some embodiments, the value of the MPE indicator (also referred to as the MPE indicator value) can be represented as a single bit, wherein a first value of the single bit (e.g., "1") indicates that the antenna panel is preferred for uplink transmission, and a second value of the single bit (e.g., "0") indicates that the antenna panel is not preferred for uplink transmission. Because the value of the MPE indicator can be represented by a single bit, beam management report 1210 can be more robust than other beam management reports in some scenarios. For example, a single bit representing the value of the MPE indicator in beam management report 1210 may be less prone to corruption due to interference during radio transmission.

[0108] In some aspects of this disclosure, UE 502 may determine the value of an MPE indicator by identifying the antenna panel of UE 502 that provides the highest measured strength of the reference signal 1202, after considering the transmit power back-off value. UE 502 may set the value of the MPE indicator for the identified antenna panel (also referred to as the MPE indicator value) to a first value (e.g., "1") to indicate that the identified antenna panel is a preferred antenna panel for uplink transmission. UE 502 may set the value of the MPE indicator for the remaining antenna panels of UE 502 (also referred to as the MPE indicator value) to a second value (e.g., "0") to indicate that the remaining antenna panels are not preferred antenna panels for uplink transmission.

[0109] Figure 13 An example beam management report 1210 is shown. (Example:) Figure 13 As shown, the beam management report 1210 may include the highest measured strength (e.g., P1) and MPE indicator (e.g., set to "0") of the reference signal 1202 of antenna panel_1 602, and the highest measured strength (e.g., P2) and MPE indicator (e.g., set to "1") of the reference signal 1202 of antenna panel_2 604. UE 502 may send the beam management report 1210 to base station 504.

[0110] Base station 504 can select, based on beam management report 1210, the antenna panel and beam used for uplink transmission at UE 502. For example, refer to... Figure 13 The exemplary beam management report 1210 shown can be decoded by base station 504 to obtain information included in the report. Base station 504 can then identify the value of the MPE indicator in the beam management report 1210 that indicates a preferred antenna panel (e.g., an antenna panel with an MPE indicator value set to "1"). Base station 504 can select a preferred antenna panel for uplink transmission at UE 502 and the optimal beam on that preferred antenna panel. For example, referring to beam management report 1210, since the value of MPE indicator 604 for antenna panel_2 604 is set to 1, base station 504 can determine that antenna panel_2 604 is a preferred antenna panel. Base station 504 can then select antenna panel_2 604 and the beam on antenna panel_2 that has the highest measured strength of reference signal 1202 (e.g., the beam associated with measured strength P2). Base station 504 can then send antenna panel and beam selection 1214 to UE 502.

[0111] UE 502 can transmit a sounding reference signal (SRS) 1216 to base station 504. For example, UE 502 can use an antenna panel and beam selected by base station 504 to transmit SRS 1216 (e.g., antenna panel_2 604 and beam with the highest measured strength after MPE transmit power backoff). UE 502 can transmit SRS 1216 with a transmit power set to Pu backoff_2 in order to receive the correct modulation and coding scheme (MCS) from base station 504, where Pu is the maximum transmit power of UE 502 and backoff_2 is the MPE transmit power backoff value of antenna panel_2 604.

[0112] Base station 504 can determine the modulation and coding scheme for uplink transmission 1218 based on SRS 1216 and can transmit the modulation and coding scheme for uplink transmission 1218 to UE 502. UE 502 can transmit uplink data 1220 to base station 504 using an antenna panel and beam selected by base station 504 (e.g., antenna panel 2 604 providing the highest measured strength of reference signal 1202 and the beam). UE 502 can transmit uplink data 1220 (e.g., on PUSCH) using a transmit power set as the result of expression Pu-back-2.

[0113] In some aspects of this disclosure, the beam management report 1210 may allow the base station 504 to select the optimal antenna panel and beam for downlink transmission of the UE 502, which may differ from the optimal antenna panel and beam for uplink transmission of the selected UE 502. For example, since the beam management report 1210 includes the highest measured strength (e.g., P1) of the reference signal 1202 of antenna panel_1 602, the highest measured strength (e.g., P2) of the reference signal 1202 of antenna panel_2 604, and the preferred antenna panel for uplink transmission, assuming P1>P2, the base station 504 may select antenna panel_1 602 for downlink transmission. In this way, the UE 502 can achieve optimal communication quality for uplink transmission using antenna panel_2 604 and optimal communication quality for downlink transmission using antenna panel_1 602.

[0114] Figure 14 Exemplary beam management reports are shown according to various aspects of this disclosure. For example... Figure 14As shown, a first exemplary beam management report 1410 from a UE with two antenna panels (e.g., UE 502 with antenna panel_1 602 and antenna panel_2 604) may include fields (e.g., fields 1420, 1430) for indicating the antenna panels of the UE. The first exemplary beam management report 1410 may also include fields (e.g., fields 1422, 1432) for indicating the optimal Layer 1 reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) after considering MPE transmit power back-off or the Layer 1 signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (L1-SINR) after considering the MPE transmit power back-off of the antenna panels.

[0115] For example, the L1-RSRP or L1-SINR value of antenna panel_1 can be P1, and the MPE transmit power backoff value of antenna panel_1 can be backoff_1. Therefore, the L1-RSRP or L1-SINR after considering the MPE transmit power backoff of antenna panel_1 can be the result of the expression P1 backoff_1 included in field 1422. Figure 14 As further shown, the L1-RSRP value or L1-SINR value of antenna panel_2 can be P2, and the MPE transmit power backoff value of antenna panel_2 can be backoff_2. Therefore, the L1-RSRP or L1-SINR after considering the MPE transmit power backoff of antenna panel_2 can be the result of the expression P2backoff_2 included in field 1432.

[0116] like Figure 14 Further illustration shows that a second example beam management report 1440 from a UE with two antenna panels (e.g., UE 502 with antenna panel_1 602 and antenna panel_2 604) may include fields for indicating the UE's antenna panels (e.g., fields 1450, 1460), fields for indicating the optimal L1-RSRP or L1-SINR of the antenna panels (e.g., fields 1452, 1462), and fields for indicating the MPE transmit power backoff value of the UE's antenna panels (e.g., fields 1454, 1464). For example, the L1-RSRP or L1-SINR value of antenna panel_1 may be P1, as shown in field 1452, and the MPE transmit power backoff value of antenna panel_1 may be backoff_1, as shown in field 1454. Figure 14 Further illustration shows that the L1-RSRP value or L1-SINR value of antenna panel_2 can be P2, as shown in field 1462, and the MPE transmit power backoff value of antenna panel_2 can be backoff_2, as shown in field 1464.

[0117] like Figure 14Further illustration shows that a third example beam management report 1470 from a UE with two antenna panels (e.g., UE 502 with antenna panel_1 602 and antenna panel_2 604) may include fields for indicating the antenna panels of the UE (e.g., fields 1480, 1490), fields for indicating the optimal L1-RSRP or L1-SINR of the antenna panels (e.g., fields 1482, 1492), and fields for indicating the MPE indicator value of the antenna panels of the UE (e.g., fields 1484, 1494). For example, the L1-RSRP value or L1-SINR value of antenna panel_1 may be P1, as shown in field 1482, and the MPE indicator value of antenna panel_1 may be a single bit set to "1" or "0", as shown in field 1484. Figure 14 Further illustration shows that the L1-RSRP value or L1-SINR value of antenna panel_2 can be P2, as shown in field 1492, and the MPE indicator value of antenna panel_2 can be a single bit set to "1" or "0", as shown in field 1494. In one example implementation, a value of the MPE indicator set to "1" can indicate a preferred antenna panel for the UE used for uplink transmission, while a value of the MPE indicator set to "0" can indicate a non-preferred antenna panel for the UE used for uplink transmission.

[0118] therefore, Figure 14 Each of the example beam management reports 1410, 1440, and 1470 considers the MPE limit that may be imposed on the UE's antenna panel due to close human contact. This allows the base station to select the optimal antenna panel and beam combination for uplink transmission. It should be noted that because regular beam management reports may not consider such MPE limits, the base station may not be able to select the optimal antenna panel and beam combination for uplink transmission when using regular beam management reports during beam management. Therefore, using regular beam management reports may not allow the UE and base station to achieve the highest communication quality.

[0119] The beam management reports described herein (e.g., beam management reports 810, 1010, 1210) can indicate the optimal beam on the antenna panel using the highest or reduced highest measured strength of a reference signal received in the beam. In other aspects of this disclosure, the beam management report may include additional information for indicating the beam providing the highest or reduced highest measured strength of the reference signal, such as an index value associated with the beam.

[0120] Figure 15This is a flowchart 1500 of a wireless communication method. This method can be executed by a UE (e.g., UE 104, 502; device 2102 / 2102'; processing system 2214, which may include memory 360 and may be the entire UE or a component of the UE, such as TX processor 368, RX processor 356, and / or controller / processor 359). Figure 15 In the diagram, the dashed boxes represent optional boxes.

[0121] In 1502, the UE receives a reference signal (e.g., reference signal 802) at multiple antenna panels (e.g., antenna panel_1 602, antenna panel_2 604), wherein the reference signal is received in different beams (e.g., beams 606, 608, 610, 612) on each of the multiple antenna panels. For example, reference... Figure 6 and Figure 8 UE 502 can receive reference signal 802 in beams 606 and 608 at antenna panel_1 602, and can receive reference signal 802 in beams 610 and 612 at antenna panel_2 604. In some examples, reference signal 802 can be CSI-RS. In some examples, UE 502 can receive multiple transmissions of reference signal 802 in different beams at different times. In these examples, UE 502 can receive a first transmission of reference signal 802 in a first beam 606 at antenna panel_1 602, a second transmission of reference signal 802 in a second beam 608 at antenna panel_1 602, a third transmission of reference signal 802 in a third beam 610 at antenna panel_2 604, and a fourth transmission of reference signal 802 in a fourth beam 612 at antenna panel_2 604.

[0122] In 1504, the UE determines a Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) limit for uplink transmission applied to at least one of a plurality of antenna panels. In some aspects of this disclosure, the UE may determine the MPE limit to be applied based on control signals from a proximity sensor (e.g., one or more detectors using radar-type technology) configured to detect human contact near the UE.

[0123] In 1506, the UE determines N beams from a plurality of beams on at least one of the plurality of antenna panels, the N beams providing the highest measured strength of the reference signal. For example, a reference... Figure 6UE 502 can measure the strength of the reference signal received in each beam on each antenna panel. In an exemplary scenario, the UE can determine from the first beam 606 and the second beam 608 a beam (e.g., N=1) that provides the highest measured strength of the reference signal on antenna panel_1 602, and from the third beam 610 and the fourth beam 612 a beam (e.g., N=1) that provides the highest measured strength of the reference signal on antenna panel_2 604. In this example scenario, the UE can determine that the measured strength P1 of the reference signal in the second beam 608 is the highest measured strength of the reference signal on antenna panel_1 602, and can determine that the measured strength P2 of the reference signal in the third beam 610 is the highest measured strength of the reference signal on antenna panel_2 604. For example, as shown in beam management report 810, the highest measured strength of the reference signal on antenna panel_1 602 can be P1, and the highest measured strength of the reference signal on antenna panel_2 604 can be P2.

[0124] In step 1508, the UE generates a beam management report (e.g., beam management report 810), which includes at least the highest measured strength of the N beams after taking into account the MPE limit. In some aspects of this disclosure, the UE generates the beam management report by obtaining the highest measured strength of a reference signal in the N beams and by subtracting a transmit power backoff value from the highest measured strength to take into account the MPE limit. For example, referring to… Figure 9 The UE can determine the highest measured strength of the reference signal on antenna panel_1 602 by subtracting a first MPE transmit power backoff value (e.g., P1 backoff_1) from the highest measured strength of the reference signal (e.g., P1). The UE 502 can further determine the highest measured strength of the reference signal on antenna panel_2 604 (e.g., P2) by subtracting a second MPE transmit power backoff value (e.g., P2 backoff_2) from the highest measured strength of the reference signal after considering MPE transmit power backoff.

[0125] In step 1510, the UE sends a beam management report. For example, the UE can send... Figure 9 The beam management report shown is 810. It should be understood that... Figure 9 The beam management report 810 shown includes the result of expression P1-back-back_1 for antenna panel_1 602 and the result of expression P2-back-back_2 for antenna panel_2 604.

[0126] In 1512, the UE receives antenna panel and beam selection for uplink transmission from the base station based on a beam management report. For example, refer to... Figure 8In step 812, base station 504 can select the antenna panel and beam for uplink transmission at UE 502 based on beam management report 810. UE can receive antenna panel and beam selection 814 from base station 504.

[0127] Figure 16 This is a flowchart 1600 of a wireless communication method. This method can be executed by a UE (e.g., UE 104, 502; device 2102 / 2102'; processing system 2214, which may include memory 360 and may be the entire UE or a component of the UE, such as TX processor 368, RX processor 356, and / or controller / processor 359). Figure 16 In the diagram, the dashed boxes represent optional boxes.

[0128] In 1602, the UE receives a reference signal (e.g., reference signal 1002) at multiple antenna panels (e.g., antenna panel_1 602, antenna panel_2 604), wherein the reference signal is received in different beams (e.g., beams 606, 608, 610, 612) on each of the multiple antenna panels. For example, reference... Figure 6 and Figure 10 UE 502 can receive reference signal 1002 in beams 606 and 608 at antenna panel_1 602, and can receive reference signal 1002 in beams 610 and 612 at antenna panel_2 604. In some examples, reference signal 1002 can be CSI-RS. In some examples, UE 502 can receive multiple transmissions of reference signal 1002 in different beams at different times. In these examples, UE 502 can receive a first transmission of reference signal 1002 in a first beam 606 at antenna panel_1 602, a second transmission of reference signal 1002 in a second beam 608 at antenna panel_1 602, a third transmission of reference signal 1002 in a third beam 610 at antenna panel_2 604, and a fourth transmission of reference signal 1002 in a fourth beam 612 at antenna panel_2 604.

[0129] In 1604, the UE determines N beams for each of the plurality of antenna panels, the N beams providing the highest measured strength of the reference signal. In some examples, the UE 502 may measure the strength of the reference signal received in each beam on each antenna panel. In an exemplary scenario, the UE may determine from the first beam 606 and the second beam 608 a beam (e.g., N=1) that provides the highest measured strength of the reference signal (e.g., reference signal 1002) on antenna panel_1 602, and from the third beam 610 and the fourth beam 612 a beam (e.g., N=1) that provides the highest measured strength of the reference signal (e.g., reference signal 1002) on antenna panel_2 604. In this example scenario, the UE may determine that the measured strength P1 of the reference signal in the second beam 608 is the highest measured strength of the reference signal on antenna panel_1 602, and may determine that the measured strength P2 of the reference signal in the third beam 610 is the highest measured strength of the reference signal on antenna panel_2 604.

[0130] In 1606, the UE determines a transmit power backoff value for each of the plurality of antenna panels. In some examples, the UE may receive one or more MPE transmit power backoff values ​​from a base station (e.g., base station 504). In some embodiments, the UE may receive a set of MPE transmit power backoff values ​​from base station 504, where each MPE transmit power backoff value corresponds to the proximity of human contact. For example, the set of MPE transmit power backoff values ​​may allow the UE 502 to apply a larger MPE transmit power backoff value when human contact (e.g., a user's finger or face) is closer to the antenna panel. In some aspects of this disclosure, the transmit power backoff value is set to zero for any of the plurality of antenna panels excluded from the Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) limit. For example, as shown in beam management report 1010, the transmit power backoff value for antenna panel_1 602 may be backoff_1, and the transmit power backoff value for antenna panel_2 604 may be backoff_2.

[0131] In step 1608, the UE generates a beam management report (e.g., beam management report 1010), which includes at least the highest measured strength of N beams for each of the multiple antenna panels and the transmit power backoff value for each of the multiple antenna panels. For example, as... Figure 11As shown, the beam management report 1010 includes P1 and backoff_1 for antenna panel_1 602, where P1 represents the highest measured strength of the reference signal on antenna panel_1 602, and backoff_1 represents the transmit power backoff value of antenna panel_1 602. The beam management report 1010 also includes P2 and backoff_2 for antenna panel_2 604, where P2 represents the highest measured strength of the reference signal on antenna panel_2 604, and backoff_2 represents the transmit power backoff value of antenna panel_2 604.

[0132] In 1610, the UE sends a beam management report. For example, the UE can send... Figure 11 The beam management report shown is 1010.

[0133] In 1612, the UE receives antenna panel and beam selection for uplink transmission from the base station based on a beam management report. For example, refer to... Figure 10 In step 1012, base station 504 can select the antenna panel and beam for uplink transmission at UE 502 based on beam management report 1010. UE can receive antenna panel and beam selection 1014 from base station 504.

[0134] Figure 17 This is a flowchart 1700 of a wireless communication method. This method can be executed by a UE (e.g., UE 104, 502; device 2102 / 2102'; processing system 2214, which may include memory 360 and may be the entire UE or a component of the UE, such as TX processor 368, RX processor 356, and / or controller / processor 359). Figure 17 In the diagram, the dashed boxes represent optional boxes.

[0135] In 1702, the UE receives a reference signal (e.g., reference signal 1202) at multiple antenna panels (e.g., antenna panel_1 602, antenna panel_2 604), wherein the reference signal is received in different beams (e.g., beams 606, 608, 610, 612) on each of the multiple antenna panels. For example, reference... Figure 6 and Figure 12UE 502 can receive reference signal 1202 in beams 606 and 608 at antenna panel_1 602, and can receive reference signal 1202 in beams 610 and 612 at antenna panel_2 604. In some examples, reference signal 1202 can be CSI-RS. In some examples, UE 502 can receive multiple transmissions of reference signal 1202 in different beams at different times. In these examples, UE 502 can receive a first transmission of reference signal 1202 in a first beam 606 at antenna panel_1 602, a second transmission of reference signal 1202 in a second beam 608 at antenna panel_1 602, a third transmission of reference signal 1202 in a third beam 610 at antenna panel_2 604, and a fourth transmission of reference signal 1202 in a fourth beam 612 at antenna panel_2 604.

[0136] In 1704, the UE determines N beams for each of the multiple antenna panels, the N beams providing the highest measured strength of the reference signal. In some examples, the UE 502 may measure the strength of the reference signal received in each beam on each antenna panel. In an exemplary scenario, the UE may determine one beam (e.g., N=1) from the first beam 606 and the second beam 608 that provides the highest measured strength of the reference signal (e.g., reference signal 1202) on antenna panel_1 602, and another beam (e.g., N=1) from the third beam 610 and the fourth beam 612 that provides the highest measured strength of the reference signal (e.g., reference signal 1202) on antenna panel_2 604. In this example scenario, the UE can determine that the measured intensity P1 of the reference signal in the second beam 608 is the highest measured intensity of the reference signal on the antenna panel_1 602, and can determine that the measured intensity P2 of the reference signal in the third beam 610 is the highest measured intensity of the reference signal on the antenna panel_2 604.

[0137] In 1706, the UE determines the value of a Maximum Allowable Exposure (MPE) indicator for each of a plurality of antenna panels, where the MPE indicator indicates whether the antenna panel is preferred or not preferred for uplink transmission. In some examples, the value of the MPE indicator may be a single bit, where a first value of the single bit (e.g., "1") indicates that the antenna panel is preferred for uplink transmission and a second value of the single bit (e.g., "0") indicates that the antenna panel is not preferred for uplink transmission.

[0138] In some aspects of this disclosure, the UE determines the value of an MPE indicator for each of the plurality of antenna panels by identifying a first antenna panel that provides the highest measured strength of a reference signal among a plurality of antenna panels after considering a transmit power back-off value. The UE sets a first MPE indicator for the first antenna panel to a first value to indicate that the first antenna panel is a preferred antenna panel for uplink transmission. The UE sets at least a second MPE indicator for at least a second antenna panel among the plurality of antenna panels to a second value to indicate that at least a second antenna panel is a non-preferred antenna panel for uplink transmission.

[0139] For example, UE 502 can determine that the highest measured strength of reference signal 1202 at antenna panel_1 602 is P1 and the highest measured strength of reference signal 1202 at antenna panel_2 604 is P2. UE 502 can further determine the MPE transmit power backoff value (e.g., backoff_1) of antenna panel_1 602 and the MPE transmit power backoff value (e.g., backoff_2) of antenna panel_2 604. Therefore, after considering the transmit power backoff value of antenna panel_1 602, the highest measured strength of reference signal 1202 can be expressed as P1 - backoff_1, and after considering the transmit power backoff value of antenna panel_2 604, the highest measured strength of reference signal 1202 can be expressed as P2 - backoff_2.

[0140] In an exemplary scenario, P1 may be greater than P2, and the result of the expression P2-backoff_2 may be greater than the result of the expression P1-backoff_1. In this example scenario, since the highest measured strength of the reference signal 1202 after considering the transmit power backoff value of antenna panel_2 604 (e.g., P2-backoff_2) is greater than the highest measured strength of the reference signal 1202 after considering the transmit power backoff value of antenna panel_1 602 (e.g., P1-backoff_1), the UE can determine that antenna panel_2 604 is preferred for uplink transmission. In this example, the UE can set the value of the MPE indicator of antenna panel_2 604 (also known as the MPE indicator value) to "1" and can set the value of the MPE indicator of antenna panel_1 602 to "0".

[0141] In 1708, the UE generates a beam management report (e.g., beam management report 1210), which includes at least the highest measured strength of N beams for each of the multiple antenna panels and the value of the MPE indicator for each of the multiple antenna panels. Figure 13 An example beam management report 1210 is shown. (Example:) Figure 13As shown, the beam management report 1210 may include the highest measured strength (e.g., P1) and MPE indicator value (e.g., "0") of the reference signal 1202 of antenna panel_1 602, and the highest measured strength (e.g., P2) and MPE indicator value (e.g., "1") of the reference signal 1202 of antenna panel_2 604. UE 502 may send the beam management report 1210 to base station 504.

[0142] In 1710, the UE sends a beam management report. For example, the UE can send... Figure 13 The beam management report shown is 1210.

[0143] In 1712, the UE receives antenna panel and beam selection for uplink transmission from the base station based on a beam management report. For example, refer to... Figure 12 In 1212, base station 504 can select the antenna panel and beam for uplink transmission at UE 502 based on beam management report 1210, and can send antenna panel and beam selection 1214 to UE 502. UE 502 can receive antenna panel and beam selection 1214. For example, UE 502 can use the antenna panel and beam selected by base station 504 to transmit SRS 1216 (e.g., the antenna panel 2604 and beam with the highest measured strength after MPE transmit power backoff).

[0144] Figure 18 This is a flowchart 1800 of a wireless communication method. This method can be executed by a UE (e.g., UE 104, 502; device 2102 / 2102'; processing system 2214, which may include memory 360 and may be the entire UE or a component of the UE, such as TX processor 368, RX processor 356, and / or controller / processor 359). Figure 18 In the diagram, the dashed boxes represent optional boxes.

[0145] In 1802, the UE receives a reference signal at multiple antenna panels, wherein the reference signal is received with a different beam on each of the multiple antenna panels. For example, reference... Figure 6 and Figure 8UE 502 can receive reference signal 802 in beams 606 and 608 at antenna panel_1 602, and can receive reference signal 802 in beams 610 and 612 at antenna panel_2 604. In some examples, reference signal 802 can be CSI-RS. In some examples, UE 502 can receive multiple transmissions of reference signal 802 in different beams at different times. In these examples, UE 502 can receive a first transmission of reference signal 802 in a first beam 606 at antenna panel_1 602, a second transmission of reference signal 802 in a second beam 608 at antenna panel_1 602, a third transmission of reference signal 802 in a third beam 610 at antenna panel_2 604, and a fourth transmission of reference signal 802 in a fourth beam 612 at antenna panel_2 604.

[0146] In step 1804, the UE determines N beams that provide the highest measured strength of a reference signal on at least one of a plurality of antenna panels, wherein an MPE limit is applied to at least one of the plurality of antenna panels for uplink transmission. The UE can determine the N beams from multiple beams on at least one of the plurality of antenna panels.

[0147] For example, refer to Figure 6 UE 502 can measure the strength of the reference signal received in each beam on each antenna panel. In an exemplary scenario, the UE can determine from the first beam 606 and the second beam 608 a beam (e.g., N=1) that provides the highest measured strength of the reference signal on antenna panel_1 602, and from the third beam 610 and the fourth beam 612 a beam (e.g., N=1) that provides the highest measured strength of the reference signal on antenna panel_2 604. In this example scenario, the UE can determine that the measured strength P1 of the reference signal in the second beam 608 is the highest measured strength of the reference signal on antenna panel_1 602, and can determine that the measured strength P2 of the reference signal in the third beam 610 is the highest measured strength of the reference signal on antenna panel_2 604.

[0148] In some aspects of this disclosure, the UE may determine, based on control signals from a proximity sensor (e.g., one or more detectors using radar-type technology) configured to detect human contact near the UE, to apply an MPE limit to at least one of a plurality of antenna panels.

[0149] In 1806, the UE generates a beam management report based on the highest measured strength of N beams and the transmit power backoff value associated with the MPE limit (e.g., Figure 8 and 9The beam management report shown is 810. In some aspects of this disclosure, the UE generates a beam management report by obtaining the highest measured strength of a reference signal in N beams and by subtracting a transmit power backoff value from the highest measured strength to obtain a reduced highest measured strength. The reduced highest measured strength of the reference signal in the N beams may be obtained taking into account MPE limits. For example, the transmit power backoff value may be expressed in decibels per milliwatt (dBm) (e.g., 3dBm or 6dBm).

[0150] In the exemplary scenario described above, the UE can subtract a first MPE transmit power backoff value (e.g., P1-backoff_1) from the highest measured strength P1 of the reference signal in the second beam 608 on antenna panel_1 602, and can subtract a second MPE transmit power backoff value (e.g., P2-backoff_2) from the highest measured strength P2 of the reference signal in the third beam 610 on antenna panel_2 604. Therefore, the beam management report can include the result of the expression P1-backoff_1, which represents the reduced highest measured strength of antenna panel_1 602, and can include the result of the expression P2-backoff_2, which represents the reduced highest measured strength of antenna panel_2 604.

[0151] In step 1808, the UE transmits a beam management report, which includes the highest measured reduction in the reference signal strength of N beams based on MPE limits. For example, as described above, the beam management report may include the result of expression P1 backoff_1, representing the highest measured reduction in the reference signal strength of antenna panel_1 602, and may include the result of expression P2 backoff_2, representing the highest measured reduction in the reference signal strength of antenna panel_2 604. In some examples, the beam management report may include one or more fields for indicating at least one of the plurality of antenna panels and one or more fields for indicating the highest measured reduction in the reference signal strength of the N beams.

[0152] In 1810, the UE receives antenna panel and beam selection for uplink transmission from the base station based on a beam management report. For example, refer to... Figure 8 In step 812, base station 504 can select the antenna panel and beam for uplink transmission at UE 502 based on beam management report 810. UE can receive antenna panel and beam selection 814 from base station 504.

[0153] Figure 19This is a flowchart 1900 of a wireless communication method. This method can be executed by a UE (e.g., UE 104, 502; device 2102 / 2102'; processing system 2214, which may include memory 360 and may be the entire UE or a component of the UE, such as TX processor 368, RX processor 356, and / or controller / processor 359). Figure 19 In the diagram, the dashed boxes represent optional boxes.

[0154] In 1902, the UE receives a reference signal at multiple antenna panels, wherein the reference signal is received with a different beam on each of the multiple antenna panels. For example, reference... Figure 6 and Figure 10 UE 502 can receive reference signal 1002 in beams 606 and 608 at antenna panel_1 602, and can receive reference signal 1002 in beams 610 and 612 at antenna panel_2 604. In some examples, reference signal 1002 can be CSI-RS. In some examples, UE 502 can receive multiple transmissions of reference signal 1002 in different beams at different times. In these examples, UE 502 can receive a first transmission of reference signal 1002 in a first beam 606 at antenna panel_1 602, a second transmission of reference signal 1002 in a second beam 608 at antenna panel_1 602, a third transmission of reference signal 1002 in a third beam 610 at antenna panel_2 604, and a fourth transmission of reference signal 1002 in a fourth beam 612 at antenna panel_2 604.

[0155] In 1904, the UE determines N beams for each of the multiple antenna panels, the N beams providing the highest measured strength of the reference signal. In some examples, the UE 502 can measure the strength of the reference signal received in each beam on each antenna panel. In an exemplary scenario, the UE can determine one beam (e.g., N=1) from the first beam 606 and the second beam 608 that provides the highest measured strength of the reference signal (e.g., reference signal 1002) on antenna panel_1 602, and another beam (e.g., N=1) from the third beam 610 and the fourth beam 612 that provides the highest measured strength of the reference signal (e.g., reference signal 1002) on antenna panel_2 604. In this example scenario, the UE can determine that the measured intensity P1 of the reference signal in the second beam 608 is the highest measured intensity of the reference signal on the antenna panel_1 602, and can determine that the measured intensity P2 of the reference signal in the third beam 610 is the highest measured intensity of the reference signal on the antenna panel_2 604.

[0156] In step 1906, the UE determines a transmit power backoff value for each of the multiple antenna panels. In some examples, the UE may receive one or more transmit power backoff values ​​from a base station (e.g., base station 504). For example, the transmit power backoff value may be expressed in decibels per milliwatt (dBm) (e.g., 3dBm or 6dBm). In some embodiments, the UE may receive a set of transmit power backoff values ​​from base station 504, where each transmit power backoff value corresponds to the proximity of human contact.

[0157] For example, the MPE transmit power backoff value set can allow UE 502 to apply a larger MPE transmit power backoff value when human contact (e.g., a user's finger or face) is closer to the antenna panel. In some aspects of this disclosure, the transmit power backoff value is set to zero for any of the multiple antenna panels excluded from the Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) limit. For example, the transmit power backoff value for antenna panel_1 602 could be backoff_1, and the transmit power backoff value for antenna panel_2 604 could be backoff_2. In some examples, the transmit power backoff value is set to zero for any of the multiple antenna panels excluded from the Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) limit.

[0158] In 1908, the UE sends a beam management report, which includes at least the highest measured strength of N beams for each of the multiple antenna panels and the transmit power backoff value for each of the multiple antenna panels. For example, as Figure 11 As shown, the beam management report 1010 includes P1 and backoff_1 for antenna panel_1 602, where P1 represents the highest measured strength of the reference signal on antenna panel_1 602, and backoff_1 represents the transmit power backoff value of antenna panel_1 602. The beam management report 1010 also includes P2 and backoff_2 for antenna panel_2 604, where P2 represents the highest measured strength of the reference signal on antenna panel_2 604, and backoff_2 represents the transmit power backoff value of antenna panel_2 604.

[0159] For example, a beam management report may include one or more fields for indicating each of the multiple antenna panels, one or more fields for indicating the highest measured strength of the N beams of each of the multiple antenna panels, and one or more fields for indicating the transmit power backoff value of each of the multiple antenna panels.

[0160] In 1910, the UE receives antenna panel and beam selection for uplink transmission from the base station based on a beam management report. For example, refer to... Figure 10In step 1012, base station 504 can select the antenna panel and beam for uplink transmission at UE 502 based on beam management report 1010. UE can receive antenna panel and beam selection 1014 from base station 504.

[0161] Figure 20 This is a flowchart 2000 of a wireless communication method. This method can be executed by a UE (e.g., UE 104, 502; device 2102 / 2102'; processing system 2214, which may include memory 360 and may be the entire UE or a component of the UE, such as TX processor 368, RX processor 356, and / or controller / processor 359). Figure 20 In the diagram, the dashed boxes represent optional boxes.

[0162] In 2002, the UE receives a reference signal at multiple antenna panels, wherein the reference signal is received with a different beam on each of the multiple antenna panels. For example, reference... Figure 6 and Figure 12 UE 502 can receive reference signal 1202 in beams 606 and 608 at antenna panel_1 602, and can receive reference signal 1202 in beams 610 and 612 at antenna panel_2 604. In some examples, reference signal 1202 can be CSI-RS. In some examples, UE 502 can receive multiple transmissions of reference signal 1202 in different beams at different times. In these examples, UE 502 can receive a first transmission of reference signal 1202 in a first beam 606 at antenna panel_1 602, a second transmission of reference signal 1202 in a second beam 608 at antenna panel_1 602, a third transmission of reference signal 1202 in a third beam 610 at antenna panel_2 604, and a fourth transmission of reference signal 1202 in a fourth beam 612 at antenna panel_2 604.

[0163] In 2004, the UE determines N beams for each of a plurality of antenna panels, the N beams providing the highest measured strength of a reference signal. In some examples, the UE 502 may measure the strength of the reference signal received in each beam on each antenna panel. In an exemplary scenario, the UE may determine one beam (e.g., N=1) from a first beam 606 and a second beam 608 that provides the highest measured strength of a reference signal (e.g., reference signal 1202) on antenna panel 602, and another beam (e.g., N=1) from a third beam 610 and a fourth beam 612 that provides the highest measured strength of a reference signal (e.g., reference signal 1202) on antenna panel 604. In this example scenario, the UE can determine that the measured intensity P1 of the reference signal in the second beam 608 is the highest measured intensity of the reference signal on the antenna panel_1 602, and can determine that the measured intensity P2 of the reference signal in the third beam 610 is the highest measured intensity of the reference signal on the antenna panel_2 604.

[0164] In 2006, the UE determines the value of a Maximum Allowable Exposure (MPE) indicator for each of a plurality of antenna panels, where the MPE indicator indicates whether the antenna panel is preferred or not preferred for uplink transmission. In some examples, the value of the MPE indicator is a single bit, where a first value of the single bit (e.g., "1") indicates that the antenna panel is preferred for uplink transmission and a second value of the single bit (e.g., "0") indicates that the antenna panel is not preferred for uplink transmission. In some aspects of this disclosure, UE 502 may determine the value of the MPE indicator by identifying a first antenna panel among the plurality of antenna panels that provides the highest measured strength of a reference signal after considering transmit power backoff, setting a first MPE indicator for the first antenna panel to a first value to indicate that the first antenna panel is a preferred antenna panel for uplink transmission, and setting at least a second MPE indicator for at least a second antenna panel among the plurality of antenna panels to a second value to indicate that at least a second antenna panel is a non-preferred antenna panel for uplink transmission.

[0165] For example, UE 502 can determine that the highest measured strength of reference signal 1202 at antenna panel_1 602 is P1 and the highest measured strength of reference signal 1202 at antenna panel_2 604 is P2. UE 502 can further determine the MPE transmit power backoff value "backoff_1" for antenna panel_1 602 and the MPE transmit power backoff value "backoff_2" for antenna panel_2 604. Therefore, after considering the transmit power backoff value of antenna panel_1 602, the highest measured strength of reference signal 1202 can be expressed as P1-backoff_1, and after considering the transmit power backoff value of antenna panel_2 604, the highest measured strength of reference signal 1202 can be expressed as P2-backoff_2.

[0166] In an exemplary scenario, P1 may be greater than P2, and the result of the expression P2-backoff_2 may be greater than the result of the expression P1-backoff_1. In this example scenario, since the highest measured strength of the reference signal 1202 after considering the transmit power backoff value of antenna panel_2 604 (e.g., P2-backoff_2) is greater than the highest measured strength of the reference signal 1202 after considering the transmit power backoff value of antenna panel_1 602 (e.g., P1-backoff_1), the UE can determine that antenna panel_2 604 is preferred for uplink transmission. In this example, the UE can set the value of the MPE indicator of antenna panel_2 604 to "1" and can set the value of the MPE indicator of antenna panel_1 602 to "0".

[0167] In 2008, the UE sent a beam management report, which included at least the highest measured strength of N beams for each of a plurality of antenna panels and the MPE indicator value for each of the plurality of antenna panels. In some aspects of this disclosure, the beam management report includes one or more fields for indicating each of the plurality of antenna panels, one or more fields for indicating the highest measured strength of N beams for each of the plurality of antenna panels, and one or more fields for indicating the MPE indicator value for each of the plurality of antenna panels.

[0168] Figure 13 An example beam management report 1210 is shown. (Example:) Figure 13 As shown, the beam management report 1210 may include the highest measured strength (e.g., P1) and MPE indicator value (e.g., "0") of the reference signal 1202 of antenna panel_1 602, and the highest measured strength (e.g., P2) and MPE indicator value (e.g., "1") of the reference signal 1202 of antenna panel_2 604. UE 502 may send the beam management report 1210 to base station 504.

[0169] In 2010, the UE receives antenna panel and beam selection for uplink transmission from the base station based on beam management reports. For example, see [reference 2010]. Figure 12 In 1212, base station 504 can select the antenna panel and beam for uplink transmission at UE 502 based on beam management report 1210, and can send antenna panel and beam selection 1214 to UE 502. UE 502 can receive antenna panel and beam selection 1214. For example, UE 502 can use the antenna panel and beam selected by base station 504 to transmit SRS 1216 (e.g., the antenna panel 2604 and beam with the highest measured strength after MPE transmit power backoff).

[0170] Figure 21 This is a conceptual data flow diagram 2100 illustrating the data flow between different components / assemblies in an exemplary device 2102. The device may be a UE (User Equipment). The device includes a receiving component 2104 that receives a reference signal 2118 from a base station 2150 at multiple antenna panels. In some examples, the receiving component 2104 may receive the reference signal 2118 from the base station 2150 in a different beam on each of the multiple antenna panels. In some aspects of this disclosure, the receiving component 2104 receives antenna panels and beam selection 2136 from the base station 2150 based on a beam management report (e.g., beam management report 2134). In some examples, the receiving component 2104 receives the antenna panels and beam selection 2136 based on the beam management report from the base station 2150 for uplink transmission.

[0171] The device also includes a Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) limit application determination component 2106, which determines whether an MPE limit is applied to at least one of a plurality of antenna panels for uplink transmission. In some embodiments, the MPE limit application determination component 2106 may include one or more proximity sensors configured to detect near human contact 2120 near one or more antenna panels of the device 2102. For example, the MPE limit application determination component 2106 may determine that an MPE limit is applied to at least one of a plurality of antenna panels for uplink transmission after detecting near human contact 2120, and may send a control signal 2122 indicating that the MPE limit will be applied.

[0172] The device also includes a transmit power backoff value determination component 2108, which determines a transmit power backoff value 2124 for each of the plurality of antenna panels. In some examples, the transmit power backoff value determination component 2108 determines the transmit power backoff value 2124 in response to receiving a control signal 2122.

[0173] The device also includes a beamforming component 2110 that determines N beams from a plurality of beams on at least one of a plurality of antenna panels, the N beams providing the highest measured strength of a reference signal, and / or determines N beams for each of the plurality of antenna panels, the N beams providing the highest measured strength of a reference signal. The beamforming component 2110 can provide signal measurement information 2128, which includes the highest measured strength of a reference signal 2118 received in the beams on one or more antenna panels of the device.

[0174] The device also includes a Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) indicator value determination component 2112, which determines the value of an MPE indicator for each of a plurality of antenna panels, wherein the MPE indicator indicates whether the antenna panel is preferred or not preferred for uplink transmission. For example, the MPE indicator may use a single bit to indicate whether the antenna panel is preferred or not preferred for uplink transmission. In some aspects of this disclosure, the MPE indicator value determination component 2112 is configured to receive the highest measured strength 2130 of the reference signal 2118 on the plurality of antenna panels, which has been subtracted from the transmit power backoff value 2124 to account for the MPE limit. In these aspects of the present disclosure, the MPE indicator value determining component 2112 can identify, after taking into account transmit power backoff, a first antenna panel among a plurality of antenna panels that provides the highest measured strength of the reference signal, set a first MPE indicator of the first antenna panel to a first value to indicate that the first antenna panel is a preferred antenna panel for uplink transmission, and set at least a second MPE indicator of at least a second antenna panel among the plurality of antenna panels to a second value to indicate that at least a second antenna panel is a non-preferred antenna panel for uplink transmission.

[0175] The apparatus also includes a beam management report generation component 2114 for generating a beam management report 2134. In some examples, the beam management report generation component 2114 generates the beam management report based on the highest measured intensity of N beams and a transmit power backoff value associated with an MPE limit. In some aspects of this disclosure, the beam management report generation component 2114 generates the beam management report by obtaining the highest measured intensity of a reference signal in the N beams and by subtracting the transmit power backoff value from the highest measured intensity to obtain a reduced highest measured intensity.

[0176] In some aspects of this disclosure, beam management report generation component 2114 generates beam management report 2134, which includes at least the highest measured strength of N beams after considering MPE limits, at least the highest measured strength of N beams for each of a plurality of antenna panels and the transmit power backoff value for each of the plurality of antenna panels, and / or at least the highest measured strength of N beams for each of the plurality of antenna panels and the value of the MPE indicator for each of the plurality of antenna panels. In some examples, the highest measured strength of N beams after considering MPE limits may also be referred to as the highest measured strength of the reduction in the reference signal among the N beams.

[0177] The apparatus also includes a transmitting component 2116 that transmits a beam management report 2134 and / or uplink data to a base station 2150. In some aspects of this disclosure, the transmitting component 2116 transmits a beam management report, wherein the beam management report includes the highest measured strength of the reduced reference signal of N beams based on MPE limits. In some aspects of this disclosure, the transmitting component 2116 transmits a beam management report including at least the highest measured strength of N beams for each of a plurality of antenna panels and a transmit power backoff value for each of the plurality of antenna panels. In some aspects of this disclosure, the transmitting component 2116 transmits a beam management report including at least the highest measured strength of N beams for each of a plurality of antenna panels and a value of an MPE indicator for each of the plurality of antenna panels. In some aspects of this disclosure, the transmitting component 2116 transmits SRS 2135 using the antenna panels and beams indicated in the antenna panel and beam selection 2136 from the base station 2150.

[0178] The device may include the ability to perform the above-described actions. Figures 15 to 20 Additional components for each algorithm block in the flowchart. Therefore, the above Figures 15 to 20 Each block in the flowchart can be executed by a component, and the apparatus can include one or more of these components. The component can be one or more hardware components specifically configured to execute the process / algorithm, implemented by a processor configured to execute the process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for processor implementation, or a particular combination thereof.

[0179] Figure 22This is a diagram 2200 illustrating an example hardware implementation of a device 2102' employing processing system 2214. Processing system 2214 can be implemented using a bus architecture typically represented by bus 2224. Depending on the specific application and overall design constraints of processing system 2214, bus 2224 may include any number of interconnect buses and bridges. Bus 2224 links various circuits together, including one or more processors and / or hardware components, represented by processor 2204, components 2104, 2106, 2108, 2110, 2112, 2114, 2116, and computer-readable medium / memory 2206. Bus 2224 may also link various other circuits, such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and will not be described further.

[0180] Processing system 2214 may be coupled to transceiver 2210. Transceiver 2210 is coupled to one or more antennas 2220. Transceiver 2210 provides components for communicating with various other devices via a transmission medium. Transceiver 2210 receives signals from one or more antennas 2220, extracts information from the received signals, and provides the extracted information to processing system 2214, specifically, receiving component 2104. Furthermore, transceiver 2210 receives information from processing system 2214, specifically transmission component 2116, and generates signals to be applied to one or more antennas 2220 based on the received information. Processing system 2214 includes processor 2204 coupled to computer-readable medium / memory 2206. Processor 2204 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on computer-readable medium / memory 2206. When executed by processor 2204, the software causes processing system 2214 to perform the various functions described above for any particular device. The computer-readable medium / memory 2206 can also be used to store data manipulated by the processor 2204 during software execution. The processing system 2214 also includes at least one of components 2104, 2106, 2108, 2110, 2112, 2114, and 2116. These components may be software components running in the processor 2204, software components residing in / stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 2206, one or more hardware components coupled to the processor 2204, or a particular combination thereof. The processing system 2214 may be a component of the UE 350 and may include at least one of memory 360 and / or TX processor 368, RX processor 356, and controller / processor 359. Alternatively, the processing system 2214 may be the entire UE (e.g., see...). Figure 3 (350 in the middle).

[0181] In one configuration, the apparatus 2102 / 2102' for wireless communication includes: components for receiving a reference signal at a plurality of antenna panels, wherein the reference signal is received in a different beam at each of the plurality of antenna panels; components for determining, for each of the plurality of antenna panels, N beams providing the highest measured strength of the reference signal; components for determining N beams providing the highest measured strength of the reference signal at at least one of the plurality of antenna panels, wherein a maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limit for uplink transmission is applied to at least one of the plurality of antenna panels; components for determining a transmit power backoff value for each of the plurality of antenna panels; and components for generating a beam management report, the beam management report including at least the highest measured strength of the N beams after taking the MPE limit into account; and components for... The components include: a component for generating a beam management report based on the highest measured intensity of N beams and a transmit power backoff value associated with an MPE limit; a component for generating the beam management report, which includes at least the highest measured intensity of N beams for each of a plurality of antenna panels and a transmit power backoff value for each of the plurality of antenna panels; a component for determining the value of a maximum permissible exposure (MPE) indicator for each of the plurality of antenna panels, wherein the MPE indicator indicates whether the antenna panel is preferred or not preferred for uplink transmission; a component for generating the beam management report, which includes at least the highest measured intensity of N beams for each of the plurality of antenna panels and a value of an MPE indicator for each of the plurality of antenna panels; and a component for transmitting the beam management report.

[0182] The component for transmitting beam management reports can be configured to transmit beam management reports including the reduced highest measured strength of reference signals for N beams based on MPE limits, beam management reports including at least the highest measured strength of N beams for each of the plurality of antenna panels and transmit power back-off values ​​for each of the plurality of antenna panels, and / or beam management reports including at least the highest measured strength of N beams for each of the plurality of antenna panels and maximum permissible exposure (MPE) indicator values ​​for each of the plurality of antenna panels.

[0183] The apparatus 2102 / 2102' for wireless communication further includes components that receive antenna panels and beam selection for uplink transmission from a base station based on a beam management report. In some aspects, the antenna panels and beam selection indicate one of N beams on at least one of a plurality of antenna panels, wherein when the UE applies an MPE limit, the indicated beam provides the highest received power for uplink transmission at the base station relative to the other N beams. In some aspects, the antenna panels and beam selection indicate one of N beams on one of a plurality of antenna panels, wherein when the UE applies a transmit power backoff value, the indicated beam provides the highest received power for uplink transmission at the base station relative to all other beams on all other antenna panels. In some aspects, the antenna panels and beam selection indicate one of N beams on one of a plurality of antenna panels, wherein when the UE applies a transmit power backoff value, the indicated beam provides the highest received power for uplink transmission at the base station relative to all other beams on all other antenna panels.

[0184] The aforementioned components may be one or more of the aforementioned components of device 2102 and / or the processing system 2214 of device 2102', configured to perform the functions of the listed aforementioned components. As described above, the processing system 2214 may include a TX processor 368, an RX processor 356, and a controller / processor 359. Therefore, in one configuration, the aforementioned device may be a TX processor 368, an RX processor 356, and a controller / processor 359, configured to perform the functions of the listed aforementioned components.

[0185] The aspects described herein enable a UE to transmit uplink data using the optimal beam on its best antenna panel. For example, the UE may send a beam management report to the base station, wherein one or more measured strengths of a reference signal included in the beam management report relative to an MPE-constrained antenna panel may take into account the MPE limit. In another example, the UE may send a beam management report to the base station, wherein the beam management report may include one or more measured strengths of a reference signal included relative to an MPE-constrained antenna panel, and a transmit power backoff value for the MPE-constrained antenna panel. In yet another example, the UE may send a beam management report to the base station, wherein the beam management report may include one or more measured strengths of a reference signal relative to an MPE-constrained antenna panel, and a value for an MPE indicator for the MPE-constrained antenna panel. The MPE indicator may indicate whether the antenna panel is preferred or not preferred for uplink transmission.

[0186] In these examples, at least some measured strengths of the reference signals included in the beam management report take into account MPE limits, or indicate information related to MPE limits (e.g., transmit power backoff values ​​for antenna panels constrained by MPE limits, or MPE indicator values ​​indicating whether an antenna panel is preferred or not for uplink transmission). Therefore, when relying on the measured strengths of the reference signals in the beam management report, the base station may be unable to select the optimal beam and antenna panel combination for uplink transmission.

[0187] The following provides an overview of aspects of this disclosure:

[0188] Aspect 1: A wireless communication method for a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving a reference signal at a plurality of antenna panels, wherein the reference signal is received at each of the plurality of antenna panels with a different beam; determining N beams providing the highest measured strength of the reference signal at at least one of the plurality of antenna panels, wherein a maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limit for uplink transmission is applied to the at least one of the plurality of antenna panels; and transmitting a beam management report, wherein the beam management report includes a reduction in the highest measured strength of the reference signal at the N beams based on the MPE limit.

[0189] Aspect 2: The method according to aspect 1 further includes: generating the beam management report based on the highest measured intensity of the N beams and the transmit power backoff value associated with the MPE limit.

[0190] Aspect 3: The method according to aspect 1 or 2, wherein generating the beam management report includes: obtaining the highest measured intensity of the reference signal among the N beams, and subtracting the transmit power backoff value from the highest measured intensity to obtain the reduced highest measured intensity.

[0191] Aspect 4: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3 further includes: receiving from the base station an antenna panel and beam selection for the uplink transmission based on the beam management report.

[0192] Aspect 5: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein the beam management report includes one or more fields for indicating the at least one antenna panel among the plurality of antenna panels and one or more fields for indicating the reduced highest measured intensity of the N beams.

[0193] Aspect 6: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to perform the method described in any one of Aspects 1 to 5.

[0194] Aspect 7: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at least one component for performing the method described in any one of aspects 1 to 5.

[0195] Aspect 8: A computer-readable medium storing computer-executable code, which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the method described in any one of Aspects 1 to 5.

[0196] Aspect 9: A wireless communication method for a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving a reference signal at a plurality of antenna panels, wherein the reference signal is received in a different beam at each of the plurality of antenna panels; determining N beams providing the highest measured strength of the reference signal for each of the plurality of antenna panels; and transmitting a beam management report, the beam management report including at least the highest measured strength of the N beams at each of the plurality of antenna panels and a transmit power backoff value for each of the plurality of antenna panels.

[0197] Aspect 10: The method according to aspect 9 further includes: determining the transmit power backoff value for each of the plurality of antenna panels.

[0198] Aspect 11: The method according to aspect 9 or 10 further includes: receiving from the base station, based on the beam management report, an antenna panel and beam selection for the uplink transmission.

[0199] Aspect 12: The method according to any of Aspects 9 to 11, wherein for any of the plurality of antenna panels excluded from the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limit, the transmit power backoff value is set to zero.

[0200] Aspect 13: The method according to any one of Aspects 9 to 12, wherein the beam management report includes one or more fields for indicating each of the plurality of antenna panels, one or more fields for indicating the highest measured strength of the N beams of each of the plurality of antenna panels, and one or more fields for indicating the transmit power backoff value of each of the plurality of antenna panels.

[0201] Aspect 14: The method according to any one of aspects 9 to 13, wherein the reference signal is a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).

[0202] Aspect 15: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to perform the method described in any of Aspects 9 to 14.

[0203] Aspect 16: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at least one component for performing the method described in any one of aspects 9 to 14.

[0204] Aspect 17: A computer-readable medium storing computer-executable code, which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the method described in any one of Aspects 9 to 14.

[0205] Aspect 18: A wireless communication method for a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving a reference signal at a plurality of antenna panels, wherein the reference signal is received in a different beam at each of the plurality of antenna panels; determining, for each of the plurality of antenna panels, N beams providing the highest measured strength of the reference signal; and transmitting a beam management report, the beam management report including at least the highest measured strength of the N beams at each of the plurality of antenna panels and a value of a maximum permissible exposure (MPE) indicator for each of the plurality of antenna panels.

[0206] Aspect 19: The method according to aspect 18 further includes: determining a value of the MPE indicator for each of the plurality of antenna panels, wherein the MPE indicator indicates whether the antenna panel is preferred or not preferred for uplink transmission.

[0207] Aspect 20: According to the method of aspect 19, wherein determining the value of the MPE indicator for each of the plurality of antenna panels comprises: identifying a first antenna panel among the plurality of antenna panels that provides the highest measured strength of the reference signal after taking into account a transmit power backoff value; setting a first MPE indicator for the first antenna panel to a first value to indicate that the first antenna panel is a preferred antenna panel for uplink transmission; and setting at least a second MPE indicator for at least a second antenna panel among the plurality of antenna panels to a second value to indicate that the at least second antenna panel is a non-preferred antenna panel for uplink transmission.

[0208] Aspect 21: The method according to any one of aspects 18 to 20 further includes: receiving from the base station an antenna panel and beam selection for the uplink transmission based on the beam management report.

[0209] Aspect 22: The method according to any one of aspects 18 to 21, wherein the value of the MPE indicator includes a single bit, wherein a first value of the single bit indicates that the antenna panel is preferred for the uplink transmission and a second value of the single bit indicates that the antenna panel is not preferred for the uplink transmission.

[0210] Aspect 23: The method according to any one of aspects 18 to 22, wherein the reference signal is a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).

[0211] Aspect 24: The method according to any one of Aspects 18 to 23, wherein the beam management report includes one or more fields for indicating each of the plurality of antenna panels, one or more fields for indicating the highest measured strength of the N beams of each of the plurality of antenna panels, and one or more fields for indicating the value of the MPE indicator of each of the plurality of antenna panels.

[0212] Aspect 25: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to perform the method described in any of aspects 18 to 24.

[0213] Aspect 26: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at least one component for performing the method described in any of aspects 18 to 24.

[0214] Aspect 27: A computer-readable medium storing computer-executable code, which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the method described in any one of aspects 18 to 24.

[0215] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of boxes in the disclosed process / flowchart is illustrative of the method. Based on design preferences, it should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of boxes in the process / flowchart may be rearranged. Furthermore, some boxes may be combined or omitted. The appended method claims present the elements of various boxes in a sample order, but this does not imply limitation to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

[0216] The foregoing description is intended to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to a person skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not intended to limit them to the aspects shown herein, but are to be consistent with the full scope of the language claims, wherein, unless specifically stated otherwise, elements referred to in the singular are not intended to mean “one and only one,” but rather “one or more.” The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or superior to other aspects. Unless expressly stated otherwise, the term “some” means one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” or any combination thereof include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiple A, multiple B, or multiple C. Specifically, phrases such as "at least one of A, B, or C", "one or more of A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B, and C", "one or more of A, B, or C", and "A, B, C" or any combination thereof can be A only, B only, C only, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, wherein any such combination may include one or more members of A, B, or C. All structural and functional equivalents of the elements of each aspect described herein, known to or to be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be covered by the claims. Furthermore, nothing disclosed herein is intended for public viewing, whether or not such disclosure is expressly stated in the claims. Words such as "module", "mechanism", "element", "device" may not be alternatives to the word "part". Therefore, no claim element should be construed as a part plus a function unless the element is expressly referenced using the phrase "part for...".

Claims

1. A wireless communication device, comprising: Memory; as well as At least one processor, said at least one processor being coupled to said memory, and configured to: A reference signal is received at multiple antenna panels, wherein the reference signal is received with a different beam on each of the multiple antenna panels; For each of the plurality of antenna panels, N beams are determined that provide the highest measured strength of the reference signal; For each of the plurality of antenna panels, a value for a maximum permissible exposure MPE indicator is determined, wherein the MPE indicator indicates whether the antenna panel is preferred or not preferred for uplink transmission; as well as Send a beam management report, which includes at least the highest measured intensity of the N beams for each of the plurality of antenna panels and the value of the maximum permissible exposure MPE indicator for each of the plurality of antenna panels.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine the value of the MPE indicator for each of the plurality of antenna panels, further configured to: After taking into account the transmit power backoff value, the first antenna panel among the plurality of antenna panels that provides the highest measured strength of the reference signal is identified; Set the first MPE indicator of the first antenna panel to a first value to indicate that the first antenna panel is the preferred antenna panel for uplink transmission; and Set at least the second MPE indicator of at least the second antenna panel among the plurality of antenna panels to a second value to indicate that the at least the second antenna panel is a non-preferred antenna panel for uplink transmission.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Based on the beam management report, the antenna panel and beam selection for the uplink transmission are received from the base station.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the value of the MPE indicator comprises a single bit, wherein a first value of the single bit indicates that the antenna panel is preferred for the uplink transmission and a second value of the single bit indicates that the antenna panel is not preferred for the uplink transmission.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the reference signal is a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the beam management report includes one or more fields for indicating each of the plurality of antenna panels, one or more fields for indicating the highest measured intensity of the N beams of each of the plurality of antenna panels, and one or more fields for indicating the value of the MPE indicator of each of the plurality of antenna panels.

7. A wireless communication method, comprising: A reference signal is received at multiple antenna panels, wherein the reference signal is received with a different beam on each of the multiple antenna panels; For each of the plurality of antenna panels, N beams are determined that provide the highest measured strength of the reference signal; For each of the plurality of antenna panels, a value for a maximum permissible exposure MPE indicator is determined, wherein the MPE indicator indicates whether the antenna panel is preferred or not preferred for uplink transmission; as well as Send a beam management report, which includes at least the highest measured intensity of the N beams for each of the plurality of antenna panels and the value of the maximum permissible exposure MPE indicator for each of the plurality of antenna panels.

8. The method according to claim 7, further comprising: After taking into account the transmit power backoff value, the first antenna panel among the plurality of antenna panels that provides the highest measured strength of the reference signal is identified; Set the first MPE indicator of the first antenna panel to a first value to indicate that the first antenna panel is the preferred antenna panel for uplink transmission; as well as Set at least the second MPE indicator of at least the second antenna panel among the plurality of antenna panels to a second value to indicate that the at least the second antenna panel is a non-preferred antenna panel for uplink transmission.

9. The method according to claim 7, further comprising: Based on the beam management report, the antenna panel and beam selection for the uplink transmission are received from the base station.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein the value of the MPE indicator comprises a single bit, wherein a first value of the single bit indicates that the antenna panel is preferred for the uplink transmission and a second value of the single bit indicates that the antenna panel is not preferred for the uplink transmission.

11. The method according to claim 7, wherein the reference signal is a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).

12. The method of claim 7, wherein the beam management report includes one or more fields for indicating each of the plurality of antenna panels, one or more fields for indicating the highest measured intensity of the N beams of each of the plurality of antenna panels, and one or more fields for indicating the value of the MPE indicator of each of the plurality of antenna panels.

13. A wireless communication device, the device comprising components for performing the method of any one of claims 7-12.

14. A computer-readable medium storing program code, wherein the program code is executable by one or more processors of the device to cause the processors to perform the method of any one of claims 7-12.

Images