Precision seeding apparatus and method

Abstract

The current cotton seeding machine for mulch and direct seeding cotton planting mode can complete the work of drip irrigation tape laying, mulch laying and precision seeding at one time. However, there are still some problems, such as the current mainstream use of the hole seeder usually adopts the spoon wheel type hole seeder to complete the work of seed metering, seeding and film hole opening. Due to the working principle of spoon wheel type, there are the phenomena of missing seeds, multiple seeds and the like, and the single seed rate is not high. The method of directly penetrating into the mulch by spoon wheel to open the film hole will lead to inconsistent film hole shape, damage to the mulch and generation of mulch fragments and other problems, which will have adverse effects on subsequent mulch recovery and land protection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to agricultural machinery, particularly precision seeding equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Current cotton seeders used in direct seeding with plastic film can complete drip irrigation tape laying, plastic film laying, and precision seeding in one operation. However, some problems still exist. For example, the mainstream seeding devices currently used typically employ a spoon-wheel type seeder to complete seed metering, sowing, and film hole opening. However, due to the spoon-wheel working principle, issues such as missed seeds and multiple seeds being planted simultaneously occur, resulting in a low single-seed rate. Furthermore, because the film holes are opened by directly inserting the spoon wheel into the plastic film, it can lead to inconsistent hole shapes, damage to the film, and the generation of film fragments, negatively impacting subsequent film recycling and soil conservation. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention proposes a novel precision seeding device, characterized by using pneumatic seed delivery and a novel film perforator for opening the seed holes. Specifically, the device comprises: a traction suspension device (1), a machine frame (2), a drip irrigation tape reel (3), a film roller (4), a pneumatic seeder (5), a film perforator (6), a film pressing roller (7), a furrow opener (8), a drip irrigation tape pressing wheel (9), and a soil scraper (10).

[0004] Furthermore, the pneumatic seeder (5) includes a seed container (21), a launch tube (23), a flexible baffle (24), a high-speed solenoid valve (25), a high-pressure gas cylinder (26), and a gas pressurization pump (27).

[0005] Furthermore, it also includes a control module.

[0006] Furthermore, the front end of the membrane pore device 6 is an electrically heated blade.

[0007] Furthermore, the front end of the membrane pore device 6 is an electrically heated crosshead.

[0008] Furthermore, the membrane pore generator 6 can use a laser to create holes in the thin film.

[0009] A precision seeding method, characterized by comprising:

[0010] Step S1: The scraper (10) scrapes the ground to the width of the mulch film coverage area.

[0011] Step S2: The drip irrigation tape reel (3) rotates under the drive of the drip irrigation tape pressing wheel (9), continuously conveying the drip irrigation tape, and the drip irrigation tape pressing wheel presses the drip irrigation tape firmly on a specific position;

[0012] Step S3: The furrow opener (8) opens parallel sowing furrows on the ground with a certain row spacing;

[0013] Step S4: The film tray is on the film roller (4). Driven by the pressing roller (7), the film roller rotates to transport the film, and the pressing roller flattens the film.

[0014] Step S5: The pneumatic seeder (5) pressurizes the seeds to a high speed through a high-pressure pneumatic device and shoots them through the mulch film into the soil below;

[0015] Step S6: The membrane perforator (6) makes holes in the mulch film.

[0016] Furthermore, step S6 also includes: using a soil coverer to cover the membrane holes with soil.

[0017] Furthermore, step S4 also includes pressing the soil onto the mulch film using a soil coverer.

[0018] Furthermore, it also includes a control module, which controls the time interval between the seed sowing time of the pneumatic seeder (5) and the opening time of the membrane aperture. The specific method is as follows: the installation distance between the seed launching device and the membrane aperture is D1; ​​the seed launching time Ts is recorded; the current vehicle speed V0 is recorded; the membrane aperture opening time Th = Ts + D1 / V0 is recorded.

[0019] Beneficial effects:

[0020] High sowing precision, no missed seeds, no excessive sowing, and high single-sowing rate;

[0021] It causes minimal damage to the plastic film, making subsequent plastic film recycling and other operations convenient;

[0022] This modified planting method, being a non-contact method, can increase the operating speed of the equipment and improve operational efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of this invention;

[0024] 1. Traction suspension device; 2. Equipment frame; 3. Drip irrigation tape reel; 4. Film roller; 5. Pneumatic seeder; 6. Film perforator; 7. Film pressing roller; 8. Furrow opener; 9. Drip irrigation tape press roller; 10. Scraper.

[0025] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the pneumatic seed launching device in this invention;

[0026] 21. Seed container; 22. Seed; 23. Launch tube; 24. Flexible baffle; 25. High-speed solenoid valve; 26. High-pressure gas cylinder; 27. Gas pressurization pump. Specific Implementation

[0027] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0028] like Figure 1 The device structure of the present invention includes: 1. a traction suspension device; 2. an equipment frame; 3. a drip irrigation tape reel; 4. a film roller; 5. a pneumatic seeder; 6. a film perforator; 7. a film pressing roller; 8. a furrow opener; 9. a drip irrigation tape pressing wheel; and 10. a soil scraper.

[0029] The traction equipment (agricultural machinery, such as a tractor) is connected to this equipment through the traction suspension device 1. Specifically, it can be connected to the equipment frame 2 or through a connecting rod to drag the equipment forward.

[0030] like Figure 1 Other devices are installed on the frame 2. Specifically, the scraper blade 10 is in front of all the devices, such as... Figure 1 On the far right of the frame 2, that is, behind the traction equipment, when the traction equipment, such as a tractor, pulls the entire equipment, the scraper 10 is first responsible for leveling the ground across the width of the mulch film. The scraper can be fixed on the frame 2 and has an inclined surface for leveling the ground and completing the land leveling.

[0031] The drip irrigation tape reel 3 rotates under the drive of the drip irrigation tape pressing wheel 9, continuously conveying the drip irrigation tape. The drip irrigation tape pressing wheel presses the drip irrigation tape firmly into a specific position, completing the drip irrigation tape laying step.

[0032] The furrow opener 8 opens several sowing furrows 2-3cm deep on the ground with a certain row spacing, thus completing the furrow opening action;

[0033] The film tray is on the film roller 4. Driven by the pressing roller 7, the film roller rotates to transport the film, and the pressing roller 7 flattens the film.

[0034] The preferred film roller 4 is equipped with a soil covering device, which can press soil onto the film at certain intervals to prevent strong winds from blowing the film away; thus completing the film covering action.

[0035] Sowing begins. The seeds are propelled through the pneumatic seeder 5, which is pressurized to high speed by a high-pressure pneumatic device and shot into the soil below through the mulch film. The firing pressure can be adjusted according to the sowing requirements, thereby changing the depth of penetration into the soil.

[0036] The subsequent membrane perforator 6 is responsible for making holes in the mulch film. The position of the holes is consistent with the position of the seeds sown earlier, ensuring that the mulch film does not obstruct the germination of the seeds.

[0037] Preferably, the front end of the membrane perforator 6 is an electrically heated cutter head. During operation, the membrane perforator moves up and down reciprocally. When it comes into contact with the mulch film, it will burn a cross-shaped tear in the mulch film.

[0038] Preferably, the cross-shaped blade does not produce plastic film fragments, resulting in minimal environmental pollution;

[0039] The opening speed of the membrane perforator 6 is related to the vehicle speed and the seeding spacing;

[0040] The membrane aperture 6 can also be replaced with a non-contact working device such as a laser.

[0041] Furthermore, a soil cover can be installed at the rear end of the device to cover the membrane holes with soil as well.

[0042] Covering devices mainly include chain-link type, spring-tooth type, claw-disc type, disc type, scraper type, double disc type, etc.

[0043] like Figure 2 As shown: The working process of the pneumatic seed launcher is as follows:

[0044] The seeds, loaded in a seed container, slide into the launch tube due to gravity. A flexible baffle in the middle of the launch tube prevents the seeds from falling. The weight of the seeds is insufficient to push open the flexible baffle. Upon launch, a high-speed solenoid valve opens, releasing high-pressure gas from the high-pressure storage cylinder. Under the pressure of the high-pressure gas, the seeds push aside the flexible baffle and continue to accelerate within the launch tube, eventually being launched into the soil.

[0045] During operation, the gas pressurization pump continuously pressurizes the gas storage tank to ensure sufficient high-pressure gas pressure.

[0046] Furthermore, the device also includes a control module for controlling the seed sowing time and the opening time of the membrane perforator.

[0047] Because the membrane perforator must be precisely positioned at the seed planting location, the timing of the perforation must be accurately calculated. The method is as follows:

[0048] The installation distance D1 between the seed emitter and the membrane aperture device

[0049] Record seed launch and launch time Ts

[0050] The current vehicle speed is V0. Since the seed launcher and the membrane perforator are installed very close together, it can be assumed that the time it takes for the membrane perforator to reach the seed sowing position is very short. During this stage, the vehicle body can be considered to be moving at a constant speed in a straight line.

[0051] Membrane pore opening time Th = Ts + D1 / V0

[0052] Furthermore, considering the time delay Td between the membrane pore receiving the command and the action (this time delay can also be obtained by testing), the moment when the membrane pore opening time command is issued should be Th-Td.

[0053] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A precision seeding device, characterized in that, include: Traction suspension device (1), equipment frame (2), drip irrigation tape reel (3), mulch film roller (4), pneumatic seeder (5), film hole maker (6), film pressing roller (7), furrow opener (8), drip irrigation tape pressing wheel (9), soil scraper (10); The pneumatic seeder (5) and the membrane perforator (6) are two functionally independent components. Along the forward direction of the precision seeding equipment, the membrane perforator (6) is located behind the pneumatic seeder (5). The operation sequence is that the pneumatic seeder (5) first shoots the seeds through the mulch film into the soil, and then the membrane perforator (6) makes a hole in the mulch film at the seed injection position. The pneumatic seeder (5) includes a seed container (21), a launching tube (23), a flexible baffle (24), a high-speed solenoid valve (25), a high-pressure gas cylinder (26), and a gas pressurization pump (27). The pneumatic seeder (5) actively pressurizes the seeds to a high-speed state and ejects them by high-pressure gas, and can control the depth of the seeds entering the soil by adjusting the launching pressure. The front end of the membrane pore generator (6) is an electrically heated cutting head or the membrane pore generator (6) can use a laser to make holes in the thin film.

2. The precision seeding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a control module, which controls the seed sowing time of the pneumatic seeder (5) and the time interval of the opening of the membrane aperture in the following ways: the installation distance between the seed launching device and the membrane aperture is D1; ​​the seed launching time is recorded as Ts; the current vehicle speed is V0; and the membrane aperture opening time is Th = Ts + D1 / V0.

3. The precision seeding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front end of the membrane pore device (6) is an electrically heated cross-shaped cutter head.

4. A precision seeding method, characterized in that, Seeding using the precision seeding equipment as described in any one of claims 1-3 includes the following steps: Step S1: The scraper (10) scrapes the ground to the width of the mulch film coverage area. Step S2: The drip irrigation tape reel (3) rotates under the drive of the drip irrigation tape pressing wheel (9), continuously conveying the drip irrigation tape, and the drip irrigation tape pressing wheel presses the drip irrigation tape firmly on a specific position; Step S3: The furrow opener (8) opens parallel sowing furrows on the ground with a certain row spacing; Step S4: The film tray is on the film roller (4). Driven by the pressing roller (7), the film roller rotates to transport the film, and the pressing roller flattens the film. Step S5: The pneumatic seeder (5) pressurizes the seeds to a high speed through a high-pressure pneumatic device and shoots them through the mulch film into the soil below. The pneumatic seeder (5) controls the depth of the seeds into the soil by adjusting the firing pressure. Step S6: After step S5, as the precision seeding device moves forward, the membrane perforator (6) moves to the seed injection position. The membrane perforator (6) forms a membrane hole for the seedling to pass through by heat processing or laser opening on the mulch at the seed injection position.

5. The precision seeding method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Step S6 also includes: using a soil coverer to cover the membrane holes with soil.

6. The precision seeding method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Step S4 also includes: pressing the soil onto the mulch film using a soil coverer.

7. The precision seeding method according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a control module, which controls the seed sowing time of the pneumatic seeder (5) and the time interval of the opening of the membrane aperture. The specific method is as follows: the installation distance between the seed launching device and the membrane aperture is D1; ​​the seed launching time Ts is recorded; the current vehicle speed V0 is recorded; the membrane aperture opening time Th = Ts + D1 / V0 is recorded.

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