Multifunctional geosynthetic reinforced layer structure and method of manufacturing

Abstract

The application provides a multifunctional geosynthetic material reinforced layer structure and a material preparation method, which comprises upper and lower composite modules arranged symmetrically in an up-down direction, the upper composite module is sequentially stacked with an upper adsorption layer, an upper protection layer and an upper drainage plate from top to bottom, the lower composite module is sequentially stacked with a lower drainage plate, a lower protection layer and a lower adsorption layer from top to bottom, the upper drainage plate is fixedly connected with the lower drainage plate in an up-down adhering mode, a drainage structure is arranged on the upper drainage plate / lower drainage plate, the upper adsorption layer / lower adsorption layer is a chelate fiber layer, the main body of the chelate fiber layer is polyacrylonitrile fiber, the ligand is 3,5-dimethyl-4-aminobenzamide, and the main body and the ligand are reacted to generate polyacrylonitrile-based 3,5-dimethyl-4-aminobenzamide chelate fiber. The application realizes the stacking and compounding of the multi-layer structure, ensures the efficient and persistent effect of the drainage and heavy metal adsorption functions under the premise of structural stability, and maximally improves the heavy metal adsorption rate of the chelate fiber layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building engineering technology, and relates to an adsorption drainage structure, particularly a multifunctional geosynthetic material reinforced layer structure and a material preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Geosynthetics refer to various materials made from high molecular polymers, mainly including geotextiles, geomembranes, geocomposite materials, and geonets. They are not only aesthetically pleasing, easy to construct, and highly effective, but also perform well in drainage, seepage prevention, and reinforcement.

[0003] Among inorganic pollutants in soil, heavy metal pollution is the most prominent. Heavy metals cannot be degraded by microorganisms and easily accumulate, transforming into more toxic methyl compounds. They can even accumulate in the human body through the food chain, seriously endangering human health. With urbanization and river management projects, large amounts of dredged sludge are removed annually. However, this sludge cannot be directly used for engineering applications and generally requires disposal through stockpiling, on-site treatment, or thermal treatment. Dredged sludge is mainly composed of clay particles, has a high water content, is difficult to dehydrate, and often contains large amounts of organic matter and heavy metals. Furthermore, daily life generates a large amount of domestic waste. Improper disposal of this waste leaves large amounts of toxic substances such as plastic bags and scrap metal in the soil, severely damaging the soil's elemental composition and causing heavy metal pollution.

[0004] Chinese patent discloses a high-permeability composite plastic drainage board (publication number: CN217204009U, authorization date: 20220816). The high-permeability composite plastic drainage board includes a drainage board body, a fixing plate is provided on the top of the drainage board body, and a spring device is fixedly connected to the top. Several spring devices are provided and are distributed at equal intervals. The top of the spring devices is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixing plate, and a pressing permeation component is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixing plate.

[0005] Chinese patent discloses a plastic drainage board with fine-tuning function (publication number: CN115125934A, authorization date: 20220930). The plastic drainage board with fine-tuning function includes a base plate, a connector and a conical protrusion. The base plate is a rectangular flat plate and an adsorption groove is provided on the lower surface of the base plate. The adsorption groove is composed of a primary adsorption groove and a secondary adsorption groove. Air holes are provided on the base plate.

[0006] Chinese patent discloses a three-dimensional composite drainage board (publication number: CN215858095U, authorization date: 20220218). The three-dimensional composite drainage board includes a base plate, a first filter screen, a reinforcing frame, a second filter screen, a supporting protrusion, a mounting frame, and a filter cloth. The mounting frame is provided on both sides of the top of the base plate. The base plate is installed in a designated position. Then, the first filter screen, the reinforcing frame, and the second filter screen are installed on the supporting protrusion in sequence. Gravel and silt are then mixed and filled into the first filter screen. Finally, the board body is fixed to the mounting frame through a slot. Then, the filter cloth is laid on the surface of the board body to complete the installation process of the drainage board.

[0007] Current geosynthetic materials can only perform drainage functions alone and cannot effectively adsorb and treat heavy metal ions in the soil, thus failing to simultaneously achieve both drainage and heavy metal adsorption. Furthermore, existing technical solutions are complex and cumbersome, making engineering applications difficult, economically inefficient, and not feasible for mass production. Therefore, inventing a novel geosynthetic reinforcement layer to simultaneously solve problems such as soil drainage difficulties and heavy metal pollution is of great significance. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to address the aforementioned problems in existing technologies by proposing a multifunctional geosynthetic reinforcement layer structure and material preparation method that achieves multiple functions and optimizes the effect through the close overlapping of multiple layers.

[0009] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solution: A multifunctional geosynthetic reinforcement layer structure, comprising an upper composite module and a lower composite module arranged symmetrically. In the upper composite module, an upper adsorption layer, an upper protective layer, and an upper drainage board are stacked sequentially from top to bottom. In the lower composite module, a lower drainage board, a lower protective layer, and a lower adsorption layer are stacked sequentially from top to bottom. The upper and lower drainage boards are rigidly connected vertically. A drainage structure is provided on the upper / lower drainage boards. The upper / lower adsorption layers are chelated fiber layers. The main component of the chelated fiber layer is polyacrylonitrile fiber, and the ligand is 3,5-dimethyl-4-aminobenzamide. The main component reacts with the ligand to generate polyacrylonitrile-3,5-dimethyl-4-aminobenzamide chelated fiber.

[0010] In the aforementioned multifunctional geosynthetic reinforced layer structure, the drainage structure includes a plurality of drainage grooves recessed on the surface of the upper drainage board / lower drainage board, the plurality of drainage grooves being arranged in parallel; the drainage structure also includes drainage holes penetrating the thickness direction of the upper drainage board / lower drainage board, the drainage holes being opened between adjacent drainage grooves.

[0011] In the aforementioned multifunctional geosynthetic reinforced layer structure, the top surface of the upper drainage board is recessed downwards with a plurality of drainage grooves, and the bottom surface of the lower drainage board is recessed upwards with a plurality of drainage grooves. The plurality of drainage grooves of the upper drainage board and the plurality of drainage grooves of the lower drainage board are arranged symmetrically from top to bottom. The plurality of drainage holes of the upper drainage board and the plurality of drainage holes of the lower drainage board are connected in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0012] In the above-mentioned multifunctional geosynthetic reinforced layer structure, the upper protective layer / the lower protective layer includes an outer frame, and a protective net is laid inside the outer frame, with a plurality of meshes evenly distributed on the protective net.

[0013] In the aforementioned multifunctional geosynthetic reinforced layer structure, the outer frame of the upper protective layer matches the outline of the upper drainage board, and the upper adsorption layer is fitted onto the protective net of the upper protective layer; the outer frame of the lower protective layer matches the outline of the lower drainage board, and the lower adsorption layer is fitted onto the protective net of the lower protective layer.

[0014] In the above-mentioned multifunctional geosynthetic reinforced layer structure, a plurality of upper positioning protrusions are provided on the top surface of the upper drainage board, and the plurality of upper positioning protrusions extend into the plurality of meshes of the upper protective layer to form a snap-fit ​​fixation; a plurality of lower positioning protrusions are provided on the bottom surface of the lower drainage board, and the plurality of lower positioning protrusions extend into the plurality of meshes of the lower protective layer to form a snap-fit ​​fixation.

[0015] In the above-mentioned multifunctional geosynthetic reinforced layer structure, a plurality of tenon grooves are arranged on one side of the upper drainage board / lower drainage board, and a plurality of tenon protrusions are arranged on the other side of the upper drainage board / lower drainage board. The tenon protrusions of adjacent upper drainage boards / lower drainage boards are embedded into the tenon grooves to form a tenon connection.

[0016] A method for preparing a multifunctional geosynthetic reinforcement layer structure, wherein the preparation steps of the chelated fiber layer are as follows:

[0017] (1) Preprocessing:

[0018] After soaking and swelling polyacrylonitrile fibers in sodium hydroxide solution, they are washed with deionized water and filtered to obtain pretreated fibers.

[0019] (2) Chelation:

[0020] The pretreated fibers obtained in step (1) were added to a 3,5-dimethyl-4-aminobenzamide solution, and a staged reaction was carried out in a microwave reactor under oxygen-free conditions, as follows:

[0021] Reaction Formula 1:

[0022]

[0023] Reaction 2:

[0024]

[0025] Adsorption function 1 formed in the corresponding reaction equation:

[0026]

[0027] The second adsorption function formed in the corresponding reaction formula:

[0028]

[0029] (3) Obtaining materials:

[0030] After the reaction was completed, the reaction product obtained in step (2) was repeatedly washed with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, filtered and dried to obtain chelated fibers.

[0031] (4) Material forming design:

[0032] a. The time t required for the chelated fiber layer to reach its optimal adsorption rate. r The time t is not greater than the time t takes for soil water to permeate through the chelated fiber, i.e., t r ≤t, therefore the thickness δ of the chelated fiber layer must satisfy:

[0033]

[0034] According to Darcy's law, we can conclude that:

[0035] According to the formula for distance and speed, we can obtain:

[0036] therefore:

[0037] Where: δ—thickness of the chelated fiber layer, cm; δ r —Thickness of the chelated fiber layer at which the optimal adsorption rate is achieved, cm; Δh —Water level difference between the upper and lower surfaces, cm; t —Time taken for the chelated fiber layer of thickness δ to pass through, s; t r —Time to reach optimal adsorption rate of the chelated fiber layer, s; v—Velocity of soil water permeating the chelated fiber layer, k gv —Vertical permeability coefficient of the chelated fiber layer; i—hydraulic gradient, and i=Δh / δ.

[0038] b. Vertical permeability coefficient k of the chelated fiber layer gv Must meet:

[0039] The vertical permeability coefficient is not lower than the saturated permeability coefficient of the soil, i.e., k. gv ≥k S , where k S The saturated permeability coefficient of the soil;

[0040] The vertical permeability coefficient of the prepared chelated fiber layer was measured using a "geotechnical vertical permeability coefficient tester". The value must be less than [a certain value] for testing. Right now:

[0041]

[0042] in:; —Vertical permeability coefficient of the chelated fiber layer at T℃, cm / s; —Vertical permeability coefficient at which the chelated fiber layer achieves optimal adsorption rate at T℃; —t r Infiltration volume at time, cm 3 δ—Thickness of chelated fiber layer, cm; A—Water-passing area of ​​chelated fiber layer, cm² 2 Δh—Water level difference between the upper and lower surfaces, cm; t—Time taken for water volume W to pass through, i.e., the time it takes for the chelated fiber layer to reach its optimal adsorption rate, s; η t —The dynamic viscosity coefficient of water at the test water temperature T (°C), kPa·s; η 20 The dynamic viscosity of water at -20℃, kPa·s;

[0043] c. The heavy metal adsorption rates of the chelated fiber layer are as follows:

[0044]

[0045] Where: η—heavy metal adsorption rate of the chelated fiber layer; p R —The content of heavy metal R after adsorption is complete; p R0 —Initial heavy metal R content; c0—Initial heavy metal R concentration per unit volume; W—Vertical infiltration volume, and W=k gv AΔht / (aδ),a=η T / η 20 .

[0046] In the above-mentioned method for preparing the multifunctional geosynthetic reinforced layer structure, in step (1), the polyacrylonitrile fiber is soaked and swollen in sodium hydroxide solution for no less than 12 hours.

[0047] In the above-mentioned method for preparing the multifunctional geosynthetic reinforced layer structure, the horizontal drainage capacity of the upper drainage board / the lower drainage board must meet the following requirements:

[0048] (1) The horizontal drainage capacity is not less than the vertical permeability coefficient of the chelated fiber layer, i.e.

[0049]

[0050] (2) The vertical infiltration volume of the drainage board shall not exceed its horizontal drainage capacity, i.e.

[0051]

[0052] Among them: Q gv —Drainage board infiltration rate, cm 3 Q gh —Horizontal drainage capacity of the drainage board, cm 3 A S —Total area of ​​drainage holes in the drainage board, cm² 2 ;δ b — Drainage board thickness, cm; r — Radius of a single drainage hole; n — Number of drainage holes; t b —The time it takes for soil water to pass through the drainage holes; A s — Horizontal drainage area of ​​the drainage board, cm² 2 .

[0053] Compared with existing technologies, this multifunctional geosynthetic reinforcement layer structure and material preparation method have the following advantages:

[0054] 1. By stacking and combining multiple layers of structure, a comprehensive function of drainage and heavy metal adsorption is formed. At the same time, it provides a certain strength to the overall structure. Under the premise of structural stability, it ensures the efficient and long-lasting function of drainage and heavy metal adsorption. It can also avoid the complete failure of structural function due to blockage of a certain drainage board, thus extending the service life of the structure.

[0055] 2. By designing the material preparation and molding characteristics of the chelating fiber layer, the heavy metal adsorption rate of the chelating fiber layer is maximized, the adsorption effect is optimized, and the purification effect on soil water is ensured.

[0056] 3. By optimizing the design of the drainage board, the drainage capacity is reasonably enhanced, thus solving the problem of soil softening caused by rainwater infiltration. Attached Figure Description

[0057] Figure 1 This is an exploded structural diagram of the upper composite module in this multifunctional geosynthetic reinforced layer structure.

[0058] Figure 2 This is an overall side view of the multifunctional geosynthetic reinforced layer structure.

[0059] Figure 3 This is an overall sectional view of the multifunctional geosynthetic reinforced layer structure.

[0060] In the diagram, 1 is the upper adsorption layer; 2 is the upper protective layer; 3 is the upper drainage plate; 301 is the positioning protrusion; 302 is the drainage groove; 303 is the tenon protrusion; 304 is the tenon groove; 305 is the drainage hole; 4 is the lower drainage plate; 5 is the lower protective layer; and 6 is the lower adsorption layer. Detailed Implementation

[0061] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention, which are described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to further illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this multifunctional geosynthetic reinforcement layer structure includes an upper composite module and a lower composite module arranged symmetrically. In the upper composite module, an upper adsorption layer 1, an upper protective layer 2, and an upper drainage board 3 are stacked sequentially from top to bottom. In the lower composite module, a lower drainage board 4, a lower protective layer 5, and a lower adsorption layer 6 are stacked sequentially from top to bottom. The upper drainage board 3 and the lower drainage board 4 are attached and fixed together. Drainage structures are provided on the upper drainage board 3 / lower drainage board 4. The upper adsorption layer 1 / lower adsorption layer 6 is a chelated fiber layer. The main body of the chelated fiber layer is polyacrylonitrile fiber, and the ligand is 3,5-dimethyl-4-aminobenzamide. The main body and the ligand react to generate polyacrylonitrile-3,5-dimethyl-4-aminobenzamide chelated fiber.

[0064] The chelated fiber layer is mainly used to filter soil water and simultaneously adsorb heavy metal ions in it, thus purifying the soil water. By setting up symmetrical upper and lower composite modules, it achieves the effect of adsorbing heavy metals and draining water from both the upper and lower soil layers.

[0065] The drainage structure includes a plurality of drainage grooves 302 recessed on the surface of the upper drainage plate 3 / lower drainage plate 4, the plurality of drainage grooves 302 being arranged in parallel; the drainage structure also includes drainage holes 305 penetrating the thickness direction of the upper drainage plate 3 / lower drainage plate 4, the drainage holes 305 being opened between adjacent drainage grooves 302. When water seeps into the upper drainage plate 3 / lower drainage plate 4, the water flows out along the drainage grooves 302, thereby avoiding excessive water accumulation; the water can also overflow downwards or upwards through the drainage holes 305, avoiding excessive water accumulation, and when the upper drainage plate 3 or the lower drainage plate 4 is blocked, the other drainage plate can continue to work.

[0066] The top surface of the upper drainage plate 3 is recessed downwards with several drainage grooves 302, and the bottom surface of the lower drainage plate 4 is recessed upwards with several drainage grooves 302. The drainage grooves 302 of the upper drainage plate 3 and the drainage grooves 302 of the lower drainage plate 4 are arranged symmetrically. The drainage holes 305 of the upper drainage plate 3 and the drainage holes 305 of the lower drainage plate 4 are connected in a one-to-one correspondence. The symmetrical structure and the interconnected structure facilitate the smooth drainage of internal water and improve drainage efficiency.

[0067] The upper protective layer 2 and lower protective layer 5 include an outer frame, within which a protective net is laid with evenly distributed mesh. The outer frame is made of plastic, and the protective net is specifically made of wire mesh. The outer frame provides a rigid support structure for the protective layer, thereby achieving tension and fixation of the protective net. The protective net isolates the adsorption layer and the drainage layer, preventing the chelating fibers of the adsorption layer from entering the drainage layer, thus providing protection. The protective net also protects the overall structure from damage during transportation and installation, and reduces structural deformation caused by uneven stress after being embedded in the stratum.

[0068] The outer frame of the upper protective layer 2 matches the outline of the upper drainage plate 3, and the upper adsorption layer 1 is fitted onto the protective mesh of the upper protective layer 2. The outer frame of the lower protective layer 5 matches the outline of the lower drainage plate 4, and the lower adsorption layer 6 is fitted onto the protective mesh of the lower protective layer 5. This forms a consistent, tightly fitted structure, ensuring that all water flows through the adsorption layer for filtration and adsorption before entering the drainage plate, thereby improving the purification level of the water flow and preventing the discharge of substandard water.

[0069] Several upper positioning protrusions 301 are provided on the top surface of the upper drainage plate 3, and these protrusions 301 extend into several mesh openings of the upper protective layer 2 to form a snap-fit ​​fixation. Several lower positioning protrusions 301 are provided on the bottom surface of the lower drainage plate 4, and these protrusions 301 extend into several mesh openings of the lower protective layer 5 to form a snap-fit ​​fixation. The protrusions and mesh openings have the same specifications and dimensions. The positioning and fixing are achieved through the insertion of the protrusions and mesh openings, thereby ensuring precise alignment and fit between the drainage plate and the protective plate, and enhancing the stability of their fit.

[0070] On one side of the upper drainage board 3 / lower drainage board 4, several recessed tenon grooves 304 are arranged, and on the other side of the upper drainage board 3 / lower drainage board 4, several protruding tenon protrusions 303 are arranged accordingly. The tenon protrusions 303 of adjacent upper drainage boards 3 / lower drainage boards 4 are embedded into the tenon grooves 304 to form a tenon-and-mortise connection. The tenon-and-mortise connection is completed through the interlocking of the recesses and protrusions, so that the upper drainage board 3 / lower drainage board 4 can be connected and laid according to the area requirements. The assembly operation is simple, the assembly efficiency is high, the connection is reliable, and it is easy to implement.

[0071] Compared with existing technologies, this multifunctional geosynthetic reinforced layer structure has the following advantages:

[0072] By stacking and combining multiple layers, a comprehensive function of drainage and heavy metal adsorption is formed, while providing a certain strength to the overall structure, ensuring the efficient and long-lasting effects of drainage and heavy metal adsorption under the premise of structural stability.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] Based on Embodiment 1, the difference in this embodiment is:

[0075] A method for preparing a multifunctional geosynthetic reinforcement layer structure, the preparation steps of the chelated fiber layer are as follows:

[0076] (1) Preprocessing:

[0077] After soaking and swelling polyacrylonitrile fibers in sodium hydroxide solution, they are washed with deionized water and filtered to obtain pretreated fibers.

[0078] (2) Chelation:

[0079] The pretreated fibers obtained in step (1) were added to a 3,5-dimethyl-4-aminobenzamide solution, and a staged reaction was carried out in a microwave reactor under oxygen-free conditions, as follows:

[0080] Reaction Formula 1:

[0081]

[0082] Reaction 2:

[0083]

[0084] Adsorption function 1 formed in the corresponding reaction equation:

[0085]

[0086] The second adsorption function formed in the corresponding reaction formula:

[0087]

[0088] (3) Obtaining materials:

[0089] After the reaction was completed, the reaction product obtained in step (2) was repeatedly washed with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, filtered and dried to obtain chelated fibers.

[0090] (4) Material forming design:

[0091] a. The time t required for the chelated fiber layer to reach its optimal adsorption rate. r The time t for soil water to permeate the chelated fiber layer is not greater than the time t. r≤t, therefore the thickness δ of the chelated fiber layer must satisfy:

[0092]

[0093] According to Darcy's law, we can conclude that:

[0094] According to the formula for distance and speed, we can obtain:

[0095] therefore:

[0096] Where: δ—thickness of the chelated fiber layer, cm; δ r —Thickness of the chelated fiber layer at which the optimal adsorption rate is achieved, cm; Δh —Water level difference between the upper and lower surfaces, cm; t —Time taken for the chelated fiber layer of thickness δ to pass through, s; t r —Time to reach optimal adsorption rate of the chelated fiber layer, s; v—Velocity of soil water permeating the chelated fiber layer, k gv —Vertical permeability coefficient of the chelated fiber layer; i—hydraulic gradient, and i=Δh / δ.

[0097] b. Vertical permeability coefficient k of the chelated fiber layer gv Must meet:

[0098] The vertical permeability coefficient is not lower than the saturated permeability coefficient of the soil, i.e., k. gv ≥k S , where k S The saturated permeability coefficient of the soil;

[0099] The permeability coefficient of the manufactured geotextile was measured using a "geotextile vertical permeability coefficient tester". The value must be less than [a certain value] for testing. Right now:

[0100]

[0101] in: —Vertical permeability coefficient of the chelated fiber layer at T℃, cm / s; —Vertical permeability coefficient at which the chelated fiber layer achieves optimal adsorption rate at T℃; —t r Infiltration volume at time, cm 3 δ—Thickness of chelated fiber layer, cm; A—Water-passing area of ​​chelated fiber layer, cm² 2 Δh—Water level difference between the upper and lower surfaces, cm; t—Time taken for water volume W to pass through, s; t r —Through water volume The duration, i.e., the time it takes for the chelated fiber layer to reach the optimal adsorption rate, is s; η t—The dynamic viscosity coefficient of water at the test water temperature T (°C), kPa·s; η 20 The dynamic viscosity coefficient of water at -20℃, kPa·s.

[0102] c. The heavy metal adsorption rates of the chelated fiber layer are as follows:

[0103]

[0104] Where: η—heavy metal adsorption rate of the chelated fiber layer; p R —The content of heavy metal R after adsorption is complete; p R0 —Initial heavy metal R content; c0—Initial heavy metal R concentration per unit volume; W—Vertical infiltration volume, and W=k gv AΔht / (aδ),a=η T / η 20 .

[0105] In the above-mentioned method for preparing the multifunctional geosynthetic reinforced layer structure, in step (1), the polyacrylonitrile fiber is soaked and swollen in sodium hydroxide solution for no less than 12 hours.

[0106] In the above-mentioned material preparation method for multifunctional geosynthetic reinforced layer structures, the horizontal drainage capacity of the upper drainage board 3 / lower drainage board 4 must meet the following requirements:

[0107] (1) The horizontal drainage capacity is not less than the vertical permeability coefficient of the chelated fiber layer, that is:

[0108]

[0109] (2) The vertical infiltration volume is not greater than the horizontal drainage capacity, that is:

[0110]

[0111] Among them: Q gv —Drainage board infiltration rate, cm 3 Q gh —Horizontal drainage capacity of the drainage board, cm 3 A S —Total area of ​​drainage holes in the drainage board, cm² 2 ;δ b — Drainage board thickness, cm; r — Radius of a single drainage hole; n — Number of drainage holes; t b —The time it takes for soil water to pass through the drainage holes; A s — Horizontal drainage area of ​​the drainage board, cm² 2 .

[0112] Compared with existing technologies, the material preparation method of this multifunctional geosynthetic reinforced layer structure has the following advantages:

[0113] 1. By stacking and combining multiple layers of structure, a comprehensive function of drainage and heavy metal adsorption is formed. At the same time, it provides a certain strength to the overall structure. Under the premise of structural stability, it ensures the efficient and long-lasting function of drainage and heavy metal adsorption. It can also avoid the complete failure of structural function due to blockage of a certain drainage board, thus extending the service life of the structure.

[0114] 2. By designing the material preparation and molding characteristics of the chelating fiber layer, the heavy metal adsorption rate of the chelating fiber layer is maximized, the adsorption effect is optimized, and the purification effect on soil water is ensured.

[0115] 3. By optimizing the design of the drainage board, the drainage capacity is reasonably enhanced, thus solving the problem of soil softening caused by rainwater infiltration.

[0116] The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or use similar methods to substitute them, without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope defined by the appended claims.

[0117] Although this document frequently uses terms such as upper adsorption layer 1, upper protective layer 2, upper drainage plate 3, positioning protrusion 301, drainage groove 302, tenon protrusion 303, tenon groove 304, drainage hole 305, lower drainage plate 4, lower protective layer 5, and lower adsorption layer 6, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. The use of these terms is merely for the convenience of describing and explaining the essence of the invention; interpreting them as any additional limitation would contradict the spirit of the invention.

[0118] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

Claims

1. A multi-functional geosynthetic reinforced layer structure comprising an upper composite module and a lower composite module arranged in an up-and-down symmetry, characterized in that, The upper composite module consists of an upper adsorption layer, an upper protective layer, and an upper drainage plate stacked sequentially from top to bottom. The lower composite module consists of a lower drainage plate, a lower protective layer, and a lower adsorption layer stacked sequentially from top to bottom. The upper and lower drainage plates are rigidly connected and fitted together. Drainage structures are provided on the upper and lower drainage plates. The upper and lower adsorption layers are chelated fiber layers. The main component of the chelated fiber layer is polyacrylonitrile fiber, and the ligand is 3,5-dimethyl-4-aminobenzamide. The main component reacts with the ligand to generate polyacrylonitrile-3,5-dimethyl-4-aminobenzamide chelated fiber. The drainage structure includes several drainage grooves recessed on the surfaces of the upper and lower drainage plates, arranged in parallel. The drainage structure also includes drainage holes penetrating the thickness direction of the upper and lower drainage plates, located between adjacent drainage grooves. Several drainage grooves are recessed downwards on the top surface of the upper drainage plate, and several drainage grooves are recessed upwards on the bottom surface of the lower drainage plate. The drainage channels of the upper and lower drainage plates are symmetrically arranged vertically. The drainage holes of the upper and lower drainage plates are connected in a one-to-one correspondence. The upper and lower protective layers each include an outer frame, within which a protective net is laid, with a plurality of mesh openings evenly distributed on the net. The outer frame of the upper protective layer matches the outline of the upper drainage plate, and the upper adsorption layer is fitted onto the protective net of the upper protective layer. The outer frame of the lower protective layer matches the outline of the lower drainage plate, and the lower adsorption layer is fitted onto the protective net of the lower protective layer. The top surface of the upper drainage plate has a plurality of upper positioning protrusions, which extend into the mesh openings of the upper protective layer to form a snap-fit ​​fixation. The bottom surface of the lower drainage plate has a plurality of lower positioning protrusions, which extend into the mesh openings of the lower protective layer to form a snap-fit ​​fixation.

2. The multi-functional geosynthetic reinforced earth structure according to claim 1, wherein, The upper and lower drainage plates have a plurality of recessed tenon grooves on one side and a plurality of protruding tenon blocks on the other side. The tenon blocks of adjacent upper and lower drainage plates are embedded into the tenon grooves to form a tenon connection.

3. The method for manufacturing a multi-functional geosynthetic material reinforced layer structure material according to claim 1, wherein The preparation steps of the chelated fiber layer are as follows: (1) Preprocessing: Polyacrylonitrile fibers were soaked and swollen in sodium hydroxide solution, then washed with deionized water and filtered to obtain pretreated fibers. (2) Chelation: The pretreated fibers obtained in step (1) were added to a 3,5-dimethyl-4-aminobenzamide solution, and a staged reaction was carried out in a microwave reactor under oxygen-free conditions, as follows: Reaction Formula 1: Reaction 2: Adsorption function 1 formed in the corresponding reaction equation: The second adsorption function formed in the corresponding reaction formula: (3) Obtaining materials: After the reaction was completed, the reaction product obtained in step (2) was repeatedly washed with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, filtered and dried to obtain chelated fibers. (4) Material forming design: a, the time required to satisfy the chelating fiber layer to reach the optimal adsorption rate the time not more than the soil water permeates the chelating fiber layer i.e. , the thickness of the chelating fiber layer need to meet: According to Darcy's law, we can conclude that: According to the formula for distance and speed, we can obtain: therefore: in: —Thickness of chelated fiber layer, cm; —The thickness of the chelated fiber layer to achieve the optimal adsorption rate, in cm; —Water level difference between the upper and lower surfaces, in cm; —through a thickness of The time for chelating the fiber layer, in seconds; —Time, in seconds, for the chelated fiber layer to reach its optimal adsorption rate; —The rate at which soil water permeates through the chelated fiber layer; —Vertical permeability coefficient of the chelated fiber layer; —hydraulic gradient, and ; b. Vertical permeability coefficient of chelated fiber layer Must meet: The vertical permeability coefficient is not lower than the saturated permeability coefficient of the soil, that is... ,in The saturated permeability coefficient of the soil; The vertical permeability coefficient of the prepared chelated fiber layer was measured using a "geotechnical vertical permeability coefficient tester". The value must be less than [a certain value] for testing. ,Right now: in: —Vertical permeability coefficient of the chelated fiber layer at T℃, cm / s; —Vertical permeability coefficient at which the chelated fiber layer achieves optimal adsorption rate at T℃; — Vertical infiltration volume at time, cm 3 ; —Thickness of chelated fiber layer, cm; —Water permeable area of ​​the chelated fiber layer, cm 2 ; —Water level difference between the upper and lower surfaces, in cm; —Through water volume The duration, s; —Through water volume The duration of the chelated fiber layer is the time it takes for the chelated fiber layer to reach the optimal adsorption rate, in seconds. —The dynamic viscosity coefficient of water at the test water temperature T (°C), kPa·s; The dynamic viscosity of water at -20℃, kPa·s; c. The heavy metal adsorption rates of the chelated fiber layer are as follows: in: —Heavy metal adsorption rate of the chelated fiber layer; —Heavy metals after adsorption The content; —Initial heavy metals content; —Initial unit volume of heavy metals concentration; —Vertical infiltration volume, and .

4. The method for preparing the multifunctional geosynthetic reinforced layer structure as described in claim 3, characterized in that, In step (1), the polyacrylonitrile fiber is soaked and swollen in sodium hydroxide solution for no less than 12 hours.

5. The method for preparing the multifunctional geosynthetic reinforced layer structure as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The horizontal drainage capacity of the upper and lower drainage boards must meet the following requirements: (1) The horizontal drainage capacity is not less than the vertical permeability coefficient of the chelated fiber layer, i.e. ； (2) The vertical infiltration volume of the drainage board shall not exceed its horizontal drainage capacity, i.e. in: —Drainage board infiltration rate, cm 3 ; —Horizontal drainage capacity of the drainage board, cm 3 ; —Total area of ​​drainage holes in the drainage board, cm² 2 ; — Drainage board thickness, cm; —The radius of a single drain hole; —Number of drainage holes; —The time it takes for soil water to pass through the drainage holes; —Horizontal drainage area of ​​the drainage board, cm² 2 .

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