Automated penetration testing

Abstract

The invention relates to a method (300) for automating a cleaning of a filter basket (101) in a bioreactor (100), comprising determining (301) a permeability of the filter basket (101), comprising: manipulating (310) a suction unit (402) for suctioning a residual liquid (208) from a liquid tank (103), manipulating (314) a liquid metering unit (404) for outputting a liquid having a predetermined liquid volume (V0) into the filter basket (101), manipulating (320) the suction unit (402) for emptying the liquid tank (103) by suctioning a filtered liquid volume (209), measuring (324) a volume (Vm) of the suctioned filtered liquid volume and sending (326) a first measurement signal (SM1) to a control unit (410). This calculates (328) a permeability ratio (QD1) of the volume (Vm) of the suctioned filtered liquid volume to the volume (V0) of the outputted predetermined liquid volume and compares (330) the permeability ratio (QD1) to a permeability limit value (DG1). Subsequently, the control unit manipulates (302) a cleaning unit (412) to perform a cleaning process of the filter basket (101) if the permeability ratio (QD1) is below the permeability limit value (DG1).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for automatically purifying a filter basket in a solid container of a bioreactor according to the principles of a biological wastewater treatment plant, wherein the filter basket is particularly suitable for reprocessing wastewater from sanitation and toilet facilities, including biological toilets. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional bioreactors have a solids tank with a filter basket into which wastewater containing both solid and liquid components is introduced. The filter basket separates the solid and liquid components. For this purpose, the filter basket has filter elements on defined walls, such as the bottom and side walls, through which liquid elements can flow out and solid elements are collected. The solid elements collect at the bottom of the filter basket, separating from the liquid elements and forming a filter cake. The liquid elements flow through the filter elements into the solids tank and from there into a liquid tank in fluid communication with the solids tank.

[0003] It is known that solid elements are deposited as a filter cake in the filter basket. The filter cake forms initially from the bottom side of the basket and then from the sides. Water is thus prevented from flowing out into the solids tank through the filter cake. The filter cake's permeability contributes to an effective filtration process. However, an increasingly thick and impermeable filter cake can clog the filter basket. This results in an inefficient filtration method, as the liquid hardly passes through the filter anymore. Therefore, it is necessary to purge the solids in the filter basket at regular intervals to ensure that water is adequately drained into the solids tank.

[0004] It is known to remove the filter cake to address this clogging. Here, the filter cake is typically removed as soon as the initial effects of clogging occur. However, this has the drawback of inefficient filtration. It is also known to periodically check the amount of filter cake to determine if removal is necessary. However, this has the drawback of random checks, and therefore cannot reliably determine the correct timing for removing the filter cake—neither too early nor too late. Furthermore, it is unreliable to assess whether the filter cake has become so impermeable that it must be removed.

[0005] However, the problem with this purification process is that bioreactors are typically constructed as closed systems, making it very difficult to determine the degree of contamination and the causes of inadequate filtration. In particular, existing bioreactors often lack interfaces that would allow access to the information needed, or at least data helpful in, determining the cause of the error or the degree of contamination. This is especially difficult when such bioreactors are mounted on vehicles (e.g., railcars) to purify wastewater present there. In such applications, it is often desirable to maintain and ensure the functionality of the bioreactor in a decentralized manner without disassembling it, but simultaneously, due to the necessary compactness, access to the bioreactor and data describing its condition is either impossible or only achievable through very cumbersome means. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, the objective of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus that allow for maintaining the functionality of a bioreactor in a better and simpler manner, without even requiring access to the internal data and information of the bioreactor.

[0007] This task is addressed by a method for automating the purification of a filter basket in a bioreactor, wherein the filter basket is fluidly connected to a liquid tank at its outlet side and is defined by filter walls at its bottom and laterally. The method includes a step for determining the permeability of the filter basket. This step includes, by means of an electronic control unit, operating a suction unit to suction residual liquid from the liquid tank through a drain line; subsequently, by means of the electronic control unit, operating a liquid metering unit to output liquid of a predetermined volume into the filter basket through a flushing line; and ending the output of liquid at a filtration start time. Furthermore, determining permeability includes, after the duration of a predetermined filtration time interval starting from the filtration start time point has ended, controlling the suction unit by means of the control unit to empty the liquid tank by suctioning the volume of filtered liquid from the liquid tank through the drain pipe; measuring the volume of filtered liquid in the previous step in the measuring unit; and sending a first measurement signal representing the first measurement result from the measuring unit to the control unit; then, the control unit forms a first permeability ratio by comparing the volume of the suctioned filtered liquid with the volume of the initially output predetermined liquid; and comparing the first permeability ratio with a first predetermined permeability limit value. If the permeability ratio is lower than the first permeability limit value, it is preferable to control the purification unit by means of the control unit to perform the purification process of the filter basket.

[0008] The inventors base their method on the understanding that the efficiency of the filtration process can be improved by determining the permeability of the filter basket, particularly the bottom side, during automation. This allows the purification process to be performed based on the ratio of the permeability ratio to the permeability limit. This avoids insufficient purification and premature rebuilding of the filter cake. In practice, this method should immediately follow the first purification, such as periodic purification, and thus allow for verification of the success of the first purification. For example, if it is determined that the first purification before determining the permeability is sufficient, the purification unit is no longer manipulated to perform the purification process.

[0009] By using this method, the permeability of the filter basket can be determined quickly and reliably, and then appropriate purification can be performed on the filter basket as necessary. In particular, this method means a significant reduction in costs while reducing personnel requirements. Furthermore, the accuracy of determining the permeability of the filter basket can be significantly improved by eliminating sources of human error.

[0010] In a variant, the method is performed using a mobile or stationary permeation testing device, which can be connected to a corresponding connector on the bioreactor. The permeation testing device is preferably part of a bioreactor purification system, which can also be mobile or stationary. Preferably, the mobile bioreactor purification system is mounted on a service vehicle that travels to the bioreactor for purification. A practical example is a train station where multiple trains carrying bioreactors have arrived. The service vehicle can then travel from one train to another to purify the corresponding bioreactor. Stationary bioreactor purification systems are fixed in place, for example, at a service station. Such stationary bioreactor purification systems can be located at a train station or service station. Typically, such stationary bioreactor purification systems can purify multiple bioreactors simultaneously.

[0011] However, in other embodiments, the permeation testing device can also be fixedly, preferably adjacent to, and permanently connected to the bioreactor, especially in larger bioreactors. Both variations have their advantages depending on the additional framework conditions.

[0012] Preferably, the permeation testing device includes a control unit, a suction unit, a liquid metering unit, and a measurement unit; however, these are not necessarily required to be exclusively provided to the permeation testing device. Individual components may also be partially provided to other units within the bioreactor purification equipment.

[0013] The purification unit preferably uses nozzles or similar devices fixedly installed in the bioreactor to mechanically purify the filter basket while also allowing the supply of chemicals, such as acids, to chemically purify contaminants or calcifications. This purification unit is also part of the bioreactor purification equipment and can be partially or completely integrated with the permeation testing device. For example, the purification unit has a high-pressure outlet that can be connected to a nozzle connector to supply a purification solution (water or chemically active substance) to the nozzle under pressure. The nozzle is preferably a full-jet nozzle, preferably a rotating nozzle, to mill away contaminants from the filter basket. The purification unit preferably has a high-pressure source to supply the nozzle with a high-pressure purification solution. The purification unit does not necessarily need to be connected to a control unit. Alternatively, the control unit can provide the result of a comparison between a first permeability ratio and a predetermined permeability limit value, and then, for example, another purification control unit can operate the purification unit, or the operator can read the comparison result from a display and, for example, control the purification unit accordingly by manipulating a faucet to supply the purification solution to the nozzle at high pressure. However, it is preferable that the control unit operates the purification unit, as this allows for a higher degree of automation. The purification process can then be automated based on the comparison.

[0014] The control unit is electronically connected to the suction unit, liquid metering unit, measuring unit, and preferred purification unit. The control unit is designed to operate each unit electronically and exchange data with each unit in both directions. Examples of such a control unit could be a microcontroller, computer, or tablet computer. The control unit is preferably the central control unit of the bioreactor purification equipment and is configured to control the bioreactor purification equipment.

[0015] The first permeability limit value is preferably pre-stored in the control unit. This first permeability limit value can be based on empirical values ​​or preset by the operator. Similarly, the first permeability limit value can be preset at the plant level or selected based on the design of the bioreactor and, in particular, the filter basket.

[0016] The liquid metering unit may, for example, include a measuring cylinder with an electronically operable valve through which liquid can be introduced into a solid container via a fluid connection, such as a hose or tube, by means of overpressure. The measuring unit may, for example, include an electronically operable measuring cylinder designed to measure the fill height of the liquid in the measuring cylinder. For this purpose, a corresponding fill height sensor may be installed in the measuring cylinder, for example. The suction unit may, for example, include a tubing or hose system with an electronically operable valve under negative pressure, which is in direct fluid connection to a drain line. Furthermore, the tubing and hose system of the suction unit can be in fluid connection to the drain line via the measuring unit. The negative pressure may be generated, for example, by a pump system in communication with the suction unit. Preferably, the suction unit can be selectively and as needed coupled to the drain line, for example via a Kamlok coupling.

[0017] Even though the suction unit, liquid metering unit, and measurement unit are referred to as different units, they do not necessarily constitute separate structural units. Rather, it is preferable that they are integrated into the flow testing device and / or bioreactor purification equipment and partially include and use common components. For example, a pump can be provided that is not only part of the suction unit but also part of the liquid metering unit. Therefore, the concepts of suction unit, liquid metering unit, measurement unit, and purification unit should be understood functionally.

[0018] According to a preferred embodiment, the method is characterized in that, after the (first) purification process is completed, a second determination of the permeability of the filter basket is performed. This checks whether the filter basket is now sufficiently purified. This second determination of permeability is preferably performed in a similar or identical manner to the previous (first) determination of permeability. Preferably, this second determination includes the steps of controlling the suction unit by means of an electronic control unit to suction remaining liquid from the liquid tank through the drain line, controlling the liquid metering unit by means of the electronic control unit to output liquid with a predetermined liquid volume into the filter basket through the flushing line, and ending the liquid output at the filtration start time. Furthermore, the second determination of permeability includes, after the duration of a predetermined filtration time interval starting from the filtration start time point has ended, controlling the suction unit by means of the control unit to empty the liquid tank by suctioning the volume of filtered liquid from the liquid tank through the drain pipe, measuring the volume of filtered liquid in the previous step in the measuring unit, and sending a second measurement signal representing the second measurement result from the measuring unit to the control unit. Then, the control unit forms a second permeability ratio from the volume of filtered liquid suctioned in the previous step and the volume of the predetermined liquid output at the start of the second determination of permeability, and compares this second permeability ratio with a second predetermined permeability limit value, wherein the second permeability limit value preferably corresponds to or is greater than the first predetermined permeability limit value. The method preferably further includes, if the previously formed second permeability ratio is lower than the second permeability limit value, preferably controlling the purification unit by means of the control unit to perform a purification process on the filter basket.

[0019] According to another preferred embodiment, if the first permeability ratio is lower than a first purification limit value which is lower than the first permeability limit value, the purification unit is prompted to perform a mechanical purification process. Preferably, if the first permeability ratio exceeds the first purification limit value but is lower than the first permeability limit value, the purification unit is prompted to perform a chemical purification process. The purification unit is preferably started by means of a control unit. The mechanical purification process preferably includes the introduction of a purification liquid under high pressure; in this case, the purification liquid can be water. This allows the filter cake formed at the bottom of the filter basket to be milled off. The chemical purification process preferably includes the introduction of a chemical substance, preferably an acid. This is preferably carried out not with high pressure, but with only a relatively low pressure. Furthermore, a reaction time is set in the chemical purification process to allow for possible chemical processes.

[0020] According to this implementation variant, the most effective purification process can be used to purify the filter basket. A mechanical purification process first removes coarse contaminants, such as filter cake, from the filter basket. Chemical purification first removes finer contaminants, such as calcification, from the filter basket. In cases of very low permeability, it can be assumed that the filter basket is coarsely contaminated, and mechanical purification is more effective. In cases of lower permeability, chemical purification is more effective in removing, for example, calcification from the filter plate.

[0021] According to another preferred embodiment, if the second permeability ratio is lower than a second purification limit value that is smaller than the second permeability limit value but larger than the first purification limit value, the purification unit is prompted to perform a mechanical second purification process. Preferably, if the second permeability ratio exceeds the second purification limit value but is lower than the second permeability limit value, the purification unit is prompted to perform a chemical second purification process. The activation of the purification unit is preferably performed by means of a control unit.

[0022] According to this implementation variant, the most effective purification method is applied mechanically or chemically to the second purification process of the filter basket. As previously stated, this allows for the application of the optimal purification method to a particular type of contaminant.

[0023] It should be understood that a third, fourth, and other purification processes can also be performed after the second purification process. These purification processes preferably have the same methodological steps as the second purification process, provided that additional values ​​and quotients are obtained and used separately.

[0024] It is also preferable to provide and use additional sensors. For example, the flow measurement device has a turbidity sensor and / or a conductivity sensor. These are preferably arranged downstream of or within the drain line to measure the pumped liquid. These sensors are preferably connected to a control unit to provide it with corresponding signals. Preferably, the turbidity sensor provides a turbidity signal representing the turbidity of the liquid. Preferably, the conductivity sensor provides a conductivity signal representing the conductivity of the liquid. High turbidity is an indicator of a liquid being highly loaded with suspended solids and therefore an indicator of high contaminant levels. High turbidity may occur, for example, after a mechanical purification process, whereby a bioreactor flushing is preferably performed until the desired turbidity is achieved. Similarly, higher conductivity is also suitable for loading the liquid with ion-forming materials.

[0025] According to another preferred embodiment, the predetermined volume of liquid output is determined by multiplying the area of ​​the bottom side of the filter basket by a filling height of 0.25 cm to 2.5 cm, preferably 0.25 cm to 1.0 cm, and particularly preferably 0.5 cm. The invention is based on the understanding that the bottom side of the filter basket is most heavily contaminated due to gravity, and the permeability of the bottom side can be considered representative of the overall permeability of the filter basket. Therefore, it is advantageous that, for example, a very thin membrane of the output liquid with a filling height of 0.5 cm extends along the bottom side of the filter basket, as this prevents the output liquid from flowing out through the sidewalls and does not compromise the determination of the filter basket's permeability. The filling height can also have any value less than about 1 cm, such as 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, or 1 cm. Furthermore, this reduces the duration of flow tests.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the liquid metering unit is operated by the electronic control unit to output liquid of a predetermined volume at an output rate of 5 liters per minute or less, preferably 2.5 liters per minute or less. The output rate should be adapted to the overall volume of the filter basket and, in particular, the base surface of the bottom of the filter basket. Preferably, the output rate is selected such that the added liquid flows over the bottom of the filter basket without flowing over the sidewalls. In particular, a water flow that could distort the measurement results should not be introduced.

[0027] Preferably, during the second determination of permeability, the liquid metering unit is operated by means of an electronic control unit to output liquid with a predetermined liquid volume at an output rate not exceeding the quotient of the volume measured in the first determination of permeability and the predetermined filtration time interval according to the first determination of permeability. Units should be disregarded here.

[0028] Furthermore, preferably, each flushing line is first fully filled with liquid before the liquid metering unit is operated by an electronic control unit to output liquid with a predetermined volume to the filter basket. This is because the flushing lines can have different lengths depending on the implementation. If, for example, a bioreactor is installed in a rail vehicle, the length of the flushing lines can vary depending on the installation location. If the supply line is completely filled at once, bubbles will form at the upper saddle point, or water will always flow out where there is a slope. If an additional volume is now supplied to the fully filled flushing line, then exactly that volume will be output to the filter basket. Therefore, it is thus ensured that most of the liquid does not simply "disappear" in the hose system when it is not output to the filter basket.

[0029] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the control unit operates the suction unit for a predetermined first suction time period when the permeability of the filter basket is first determined. Preferably, the control unit also operates the suction unit for the duration of the predetermined first suction time period in step d). Step d) operates the suction unit after the duration of a predetermined filtration time interval to empty the liquid tank by suctioning the volume of filtered liquid from the liquid tank. The inventors have found that, in the case of a relatively empty container, the washerlinse formed in the filter basket at its fill height has a significant impact on the measurement results. This is due to the large surface area of ​​the water level. The larger the base surface of the bioreactor or filter basket, the greater the effect. If it is assumed that only air is still being drawn in, the water level decreases by the additional suction of the washerlinse, as the water level changes by a few millimeters due to air suction and thus the added liquid is drawn in. This can significantly affect the measurement results. For this reason, it is preferable to always perform suction for a constant duration, regardless of the actual volume drawn in.

[0030] Alternatively or additionally, it may be specified that during all or some of the steps of suction from the liquid tank, a suction detection unit is used to monitor whether liquid or air has been drawn in. The suction detection unit preferably has a suction sensor, which can be configured, for example, as a capacitive sensor. This capacitive sensor can detect the capacitance of the air-liquid mixture present in the drain line. The suction sensor then preferably provides a suction signal to the electronic control unit, representing the air-liquid ratio. The higher the air-to-liquid ratio, the lower the dielectric constant of the air-liquid mixture in the drain line. This can be detected by a capacitive sensor. This suction detection unit also indicates whether the liquid tank is actually empty or whether suction must continue. If the suction signal is below a predetermined suction limit, which is, for example, the dielectric constant, suction preferably continues for a predetermined time interval. This time interval is preferably from about 1 second to 10 seconds, and more preferably about 2 seconds. This can be achieved by simply pumping for as long as necessary to remove the remaining or filtered liquid volume from the liquid tank and completely empty the tank. Optionally, or as an adjunct to a capacitive sensor, the pumping sensor can also be a density sensor or a flow sensor.

[0031] Preferably, the liquid metering unit has a measuring cylinder, and the method includes the step of: containing a predetermined liquid volume into the measuring cylinder. This step is performed before discharging the predetermined liquid volume into the filter basket. In this way, the liquid volume can be measured simply and accurately. The measuring cylinder is preferably used to separate air from the liquid when drawing in an air-liquid mixture. During suction, such a mixture is typically drawn in during the maximum suction period, making a simple flow meter insufficient to determine the liquid volume.

[0032] The method preferably includes the following steps: containing the volume of the aspirated filtered liquid in a measuring cylinder, and then measuring the volume of the aspirated filtered liquid. Therefore, the measuring cylinder can be used for two purposes: measuring a predetermined liquid volume and also measuring the volume of the aspirated filtered liquid.

[0033] To accommodate the volume of filtered liquid being drawn in, a negative pressure is applied to the measuring cylinder so that the volume of filtered liquid is drawn in and thus contained within the measuring cylinder. For this purpose, a negative pressure fitting is preferably provided on the measuring cylinder.

[0034] Furthermore, the measuring cylinder preferably has a non-contact distance sensor for detecting the filling height within the cylinder. Preferably, the volume of the filtered liquid being pumped is then measured using the non-contact distance sensor. The distance sensor can be configured as, for example, an ultrasonic sensor, a laser sensor, a lidar sensor, a radar sensor, or the like.

[0035] Further advantages and implementation methods of this method will also be apparent from the following description of the apparatus and the following description of the accompanying drawings.

[0036] Furthermore, the aforementioned task is addressed in the second aspect by a permeation testing device for automatically purifying the filter basket in a bioreactor. Conversely, the permeation testing device is preferably part of a bioreactor purification apparatus connected to the purified bioreactor for purification purposes. The filter basket of the bioreactor is in fluid communication with a liquid tank on the outlet side and is defined by filter walls on the bottom and lateral sides. According to this aspect of the invention, the permeation testing device includes an electronic control unit that is signal-connected to a suction unit, a liquid metering unit, and a measuring unit, and is also signal-connected to or can be signal-connected to a purification unit, wherein the suction unit is in fluid connection with the measuring unit. Again, the element is not necessarily required to be provided only to the permeation testing device, but more precisely, it can be part of the bioreactor purification apparatus. In particular, the control unit is preferably a central control unit of the bioreactor purification apparatus. The control unit is configured to operate the suction unit, the liquid metering unit, and the measuring unit to determine the permeability of the filter basket. More specifically, the control unit is configured to operate the suction unit to suction remaining liquid from the liquid tank through the drain line, then operate the liquid metering unit to output liquid with a predetermined liquid volume into the filter basket through the flushing line, and terminate the liquid output at the filtration start time. The control unit is also configured to, after the duration of a predetermined filtration time interval starting from the filtration start time has elapsed, operate the suction unit to empty the liquid tank by suctioning the filtered liquid volume from the liquid tank through the drain line, measure the volume of the filtered liquid in the previous step in the measuring unit, and receive a first measurement signal representing a first measurement result from the measuring unit. The control unit is then further configured to form a first permeability ratio in the control unit by the volume of the filtered liquid in the previous step and the volume of the predetermined liquid volume output at the start of the method, and compare the first permeability ratio with a first predetermined permeability limit value.

[0037] The control unit is preferably configured to operate the purification unit to purify the filter basket if the first permeability ratio formed in the previous step is lower than a first permeability limit. For the final step, the control unit needs to be in a signal connection with the purification unit.

[0038] The purification performed after determining permeability is, in practice, essentially a second purification. In practice, the operator connects the bioreactor purification equipment, along with the permeability testing device, to the bioreactor and first performs purification manually. Then, the permeability testing device is used to determine the permeability of the filter basket, and then, optionally, further purification is performed.

[0039] Furthermore, it should be understood that the method according to the first aspect of the invention and the penetration testing apparatus according to the second aspect of the invention have the same and similar sub-aspects as those proposed. In this regard, for particular embodiments, improvements, and advantages thereof, refer entirely to the above description concerning the first aspect of the invention.

[0040] Preferably, the permeation testing apparatus has a drain line connector for connecting the permeation testing apparatus to a drain line and a flushing connector for connecting the permeation testing apparatus to a flushing line. Corresponding Kamlok couplings can be provided for this purpose. It is also conceivable and preferred that the permeation testing apparatus be permanently connected to the drain line and the flushing line, for example, via a multi-way valve.

[0041] Furthermore, the permeation testing apparatus preferably has a fresh water connector for supplying fresh water to the permeation testing apparatus and a compressed air connector for supplying compressed air to the permeation testing apparatus.

[0042] According to another preferred embodiment, the drain pipe is arranged on one side of the solid container.

[0043] According to another preferred embodiment, the drain pipe extends into the solid container through a drain pipe opening, and the lower edge of the drain pipe opening is arranged at a distance from the inner surface of the bottom wall of the solid container.

[0044] In another preferred embodiment of the permeation testing apparatus, the control unit is configured to operate the suction unit, liquid metering unit, and measuring unit after the purification process is completed for a second determination of the permeability of the filter basket. To this end, the control unit performs the steps of: operating the suction unit to suction the remaining liquid from the liquid tank through a drain line; operating the liquid metering unit to output liquid with a predetermined volume into the filter basket through a flushing line; and ending the liquid output at the filtration start time. Then, the control unit performs the steps of: after the duration of a predetermined filtration time interval starting from the filtration start time has ended, operating the suction unit by means of the control unit to empty the liquid tank by suctioning the filtered liquid volume from the liquid tank through the drain line; measuring the volume of the filtered liquid in the previous step in the measuring unit; and receiving a second measurement signal representing the second measurement result from the measuring unit in the control unit. The control unit is further configured to form a second permeability ratio by combining the volume of the drawn-in filtered liquid with the predetermined volume of the output liquid, and to compare the formed second permeability ratio with a second predetermined permeability limit value, wherein the second permeability limit value preferably corresponds to or is greater than the first predetermined permeability limit value. The control unit is further configured to, after a second determination of the permeability of the filter basket, if the formed permeability ratio is lower than the second predetermined permeability limit value, operate the purification unit to perform a second purification process for the filter basket.

[0045] According to another preferred embodiment, the control unit is configured to, after determining the permeability of the filter basket, operate the purification unit to perform a mechanical purification process when the first permeability ratio is lower than a first purification limit value which is lower than the permeability limit value, and wherein the control unit is preferably configured to operate the purification unit to perform a chemical purification process when the first permeability ratio exceeds the first purification limit value but is lower than the first permeability limit value.

[0046] According to another preferred embodiment, the control unit is configured to operate the purification unit to perform a mechanical second purification process after a second determination of the permeability of the filter basket when the second permeability ratio is lower than a second purification limit value that is smaller than the second permeability limit value and larger than the first purification limit value. The control unit is also preferably configured to operate the purification unit to perform a chemical second purification process when the second permeability ratio exceeds the second purification limit value but is lower than the second permeability limit value.

[0047] Preferably, the permeation testing apparatus further includes a turbidity sensor and / or conductivity sensor downstream of the drain line, the turbidity sensor and / or conductivity sensor being connected to the control unit to provide a turbidity signal representing the turbidity of the pumped liquid and / or a conductivity signal representing the conductivity of the pumped liquid on the control unit. This provides additional information about the purification status of the bioreactor. This additional information can be used to determine whether further purification processes are needed, and if so, whether such purification processes should be implemented mechanically and / or chemically.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, the liquid metering unit of the permeation testing apparatus has a measuring cylinder containing a predetermined volume of liquid. The measuring cylinder is preferably made at least partially of a transparent material or has a window, allowing the operator to optically inspect the liquid present therein. The measuring cylinder is preferably constructed and connected such that the volume of filtered liquid being aspirated can also be contained within it. This can be achieved, for example, by connecting the measuring cylinder to a suction unit to apply negative pressure thereon.

[0049] Advantageously, the measuring cylinder has a non-contact distance sensor for detecting the fill height in the measuring cylinder. The non-contact distance sensor is preferably connected to a control unit to provide a fill height signal on the control unit, which represents the fill height in the measuring cylinder.

[0050] Embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings do not necessarily show the embodiments to scale, but are illustrated in a schematic and / or slightly modified form for illustrative purposes. For supplementation to the teachings directly visible from the drawings, refer to the relevant prior art. It should be understood that various modifications and changes can be made to the form and details of the embodiments without departing from the general conception of the invention. The features of the invention disclosed in the specification, drawings, and claims are important not only individually but also in arbitrary combinations for improving the invention. Furthermore, all combinations consisting of at least two features disclosed in the specification, drawings, and / or claims fall within the scope of the invention. The general idea of ​​the invention is not limited to the exact manner or details of the preferred embodiments illustrated and described below, nor is it limited to the subject matter claimed in the claims. Values ​​within the stated limits of the described measurement ranges should also be disclosed as limit values ​​and can be used and claimed in any manner. For simplicity, the same reference numerals are used below for the same or similar components or components having the same or similar functions. Attached Figure Description

[0051] Further advantages, features, and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments and from the accompanying drawings. It is shown that:

[0052] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the bioreactor in the first variant is shown in cross-section;

[0053] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the bioreactor in the second variant is shown in cross-section;

[0054] Figure 3 A schematic cross-section of the solids chamber of the bioreactor is shown.

[0055] Figure 4a A schematic diagram of a permeation testing apparatus connected to a bioreactor according to a first embodiment is shown;

[0056] Figure 4b A schematic diagram of a bioreactor purification device is shown, the bioreactor purification device having, according to Figure 4a The permeation testing device is connected to the bioreactor;

[0057] Figures 5a to 5i Showing according to Figure 4a , 4b A view of the hydraulic circuit diagram of the penetrant testing device;

[0058] Figure 6a , 6b These are two views of the penetration testing apparatus;

[0059] Figure 7 This is a view of another penetration testing apparatus; and

[0060] Figures 8a to 8c A schematic sequence of steps is shown for a method of automating the purification of a filter basket in a bioreactor. Detailed Implementation

[0061] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the bioreactor 100 in the first variant is shown in cross-section. This bioreactor can, for example, be installed in a passenger train to purify wastewater from toilets and washbasins during operation, and preferably, to release the purified water during operation as well. Therefore, the purification and emptying cycle of the collection containers on the passenger train can be significantly extended.

[0062] The bioreactor 100 has a solids tank 102 for containing wastewater containing both liquid and solid components. A filter basket 101 is located within the solids tank 102. The filter basket 101 consists of filter walls 201 and 202 (see...). Figure 3A filter wall is formed, allowing liquid components to pass through while blocking solid components. The filter basket 101 separates the solid components from the liquid components by retaining the solid components inside. The liquid components flow out of the filter basket 101 and are driven by gravity to the liquid tank 103, which is configured as a liquid reactor for clarification by bacteria. An opening is provided between the solid tank 102 and the liquid tank 103 so that the liquid can overflow unimpeded. The solid components form a solid filter cake 104 at the bottom of the filter basket 101. A drain pipe 207 is provided in the region of the bottom 105 of the liquid tank 103, which will be described in more detail below. Furthermore, a sanitary device 110 is provided on the bioreactor 100, which is connected to the liquid tank 103 via an overflow section 111. The liquid biologically purified in the liquid tank 103 by means of bacteria can reach the sanitary device 110 through the overflow section 111 and exit from the sanitary device through an overflow section 112 into the environment.

[0063] Figure 2 A second variant of the bioreactor 100 is shown, which is related to... Figure 1 The difference in the variant is that the liquid tank 103 is arranged next to the solid tank 102. This variant is particularly suitable for installation at the bottom of rail vehicles. Furthermore, in Figure 2 In the middle, the discharge pipe 207 is arranged laterally on the solid box 102 near the bottom.

[0064] Figure 3 Shown in cross-section according to Figure 2 A schematic cutaway of the solids tank 102 of the bioreactor 100. The solids tank 102 is defined by a bottom 200 and side walls 210 and can be supplied with wastewater through an inlet 212, which extends vertically from above into a filter basket 101 inside the solids tank 102.

[0065] Filter basket 101 is used to separate the liquid and solid components of wastewater supplied through inlet 212. Filter basket 101 is typically defined on both sides by filter plates that allow liquid components to pass through while blocking solid components. The filter elements may be, for example, sintered plates and / or perforated plates. In one embodiment, filter basket 101 is defined at the bottom by a sintered plate 201 and on its surrounding sides by perforated plates 202. The perforated plates 202 may, for example, have a perforation spacing of approximately 1 mm. The base plate can be designed in any shape, such as circular or rectangular.

[0066] According to Figure 2In a variant, the bottom 200 of the solids tank 102 is supported by a horizontally extending square tube 205. A frost-clearing section 206 is arranged in the bottom 200 of the solids tank 102, through which the liquid and solid components inside the solids tank 200 can be emptied. This frost-clearing section 206 is typically difficult to access from the outside. Furthermore, a drain pipe 207 is located on the side wall 210 of the solids tank 102. The drain pipe 207 is arranged on the side wall of the solids tank 102 such that the lower edge of the nozzle opening 214 through which the drain pipe 207 leads into the solids tank 102 is at a distance from the bottom 200 of the solids tank 102. Residual liquid 208 containing both solid and liquid components can therefore collect below the lower edge of the nozzle opening. This prevents solid components from entering the drain pipe 207. For example, the drain pipe 207 can be a pre-installed pipe that further connects to the liquid tank 103.

[0067] Furthermore, the flushing connector, which serves as the flushing conduit 203, extends into the filter basket 101. Both the inlet 212 and the flushing conduit 203 are fixedly installed. However, the flushing conduit 203 is not used during normal operation of the bioreactor 100. In fact, wastewater is supplied only through the inlet 212. Both conduits, namely the flushing conduit 203 and the drain conduit 207, are closed during normal operation of the bioreactor 100. The method for automating the purification of the filter basket 101 now uses only the flushing conduit 203 and the drain conduit 207 to test the permeability of the filter basket 101, especially the permeability of the sintered plate 201. In this way, the already installed conduits can be used without the need to install additional conduits, inlets, or outlets on the bioreactor 100. Conversely, the known manual method utilizes the frosting vent 206, which, due to its location, implies significant labor costs.

[0068] The two pipelines, namely the drain pipeline 207 and the flushing pipeline 203, are provided with coupling sections 216 and 218, which close the pipelines and are configured as Kamlok coupling sections. The two pipelines are also used for purifying the bioreactor 100 during manual operation.

[0069] Furthermore, a purification nozzle 220 is provided in the bioreactor 100, which is also fixedly installed. The purification nozzle is connected to a high-pressure connector 224, allowing water to be supplied to the nozzle, for example, under high pressure. However, acid or alkali for chemical purification can also be supplied through this connector 224. In the case where the bioreactor 100 is installed, for example, in a rail vehicle, the coupling parts 216, 218 and the high-pressure connector 224 can be accessed from outside the vehicle.

[0070] Figure 4a The penetration testing apparatus 400 is now schematically shown, illustrating how it is connected according to... Figure 1 On the bioreactor 100. Figure 4bA mobile bioreactor purification device 500 is shown in a similar manner, the mobile bioreactor purification device having according to Figure 4a The permeation testing device 400 is connected to the bioreactor 100.

[0071] The permeation testing apparatus 400 includes a suction unit 402 for drawing residual liquid 208 from the liquid tank 103 via a drain line 207. Furthermore, the permeation testing apparatus 400 includes a liquid metering unit 404 for outputting liquid with a predetermined liquid volume V0 into the filter basket 101 via a flushing line 203. Additionally, the permeation testing apparatus 400 includes a measuring unit 406, in which the drawn filtered liquid volume Vm of the filtered liquid 209 is measured. To control the suction unit 402, the liquid metering unit 404, and the measuring unit 406, a control unit 410 is provided, which is connected to these units in a signaling technology manner. Furthermore, a purification unit 412 is also provided according to FIG. 4; however, this purification unit is not necessarily mandatory as part of the permeation testing apparatus 400, but can preferably be provided as a separate structural unit in the bioreactor purification device 500. This is preferred because, in particular, the purification unit 412 should also be able to be manually operated independently of the permeation testing apparatus 400. However, it is also possible to implement the device in which the purification unit 412 is part of the penetration testing apparatus 400.

[0072] Specifically, the penetration testing device 400 in Figure 4a The schematic embodiment shown includes a valve device 420, which is only schematically shown by a box. Multiple switchable valves can be provided in the valve device 420 to guide corresponding liquids. The valve device 420 has a drain line connector 422 through which the permeation testing device 400 is connected to the drain line 207, more precisely, to the first coupling part 218. Furthermore, the valve device 420 has a flushing connector 424 through which the permeation testing device 400 is connected to the flushing line 203, more precisely, to the second coupling part 216. The first and second coupling parts 216, 218 are openable, allowing the permeation testing device 400 to be connected to other equipment. Additionally, the valve device 420 has a compressed air connector 426, a fresh water connector 428, and a discharge part 430 through which the valve device 420, for example, discharges the drawn-in liquid into a collection container within the bioreactor purification device 500. Compressed air connector 426 and fresh water connector 428 are connected inside the bioreactor purification device 500 to corresponding sources, not shown here.

[0073] The permeation testing apparatus 400 also includes a pump 432, which is also controllable by the control unit 410. Pump 432 is preferably configured as a rotary piston pump, which is advantageous when discharging the filtered liquid volume. Pump 432 is connected to and provides a vacuum via vacuum connector 433 of valve assembly 420. Valve assembly 420 and measuring unit 406 are also signal-connected to control unit 410. Purification unit 412 similarly has a fresh water connector 434 and is signal-connected to control unit 410.

[0074] For example, especially from Figure 4b As can be seen, the permeation testing device 400 is integrated into the bioreactor purification equipment 500. The bioreactor purification equipment 500 is mobilely constructed and mounted on a chassis 502. The bioreactor purification equipment 500 has a fresh water connector 504 that can be connected to a fresh water source 506 and a voltage connector 508, which is preferably connected to a high-voltage source to supply voltage to the bioreactor purification equipment 500. The bioreactor purification equipment 500 internally has a collection container for aspirated liquids and a chemical reagent tank for, for example, acids.

[0075] To purify bioreactor 100, connect bioreactor purification equipment 500 to bioreactor 100, such as in... Figure 4b As shown in the diagram. To first determine the height of the filter cake 104 or the filling height of the solids bin 102, the filling height sensor 520 is read. The filling height sensor outputs 80% and 95% values, which respectively indicate the corresponding filling degree of the solids bin 102. The filter cake 104 present in the filter basket 101 is then typically first manually aspirated through the flushing line 203. Items such as paper, feminine hygiene products, some tableware, and lost items such as watches and glasses are often found there. All of these are first manually aspirated and then mechanically cleaned in a manually controlled manner using the purification nozzle 220 to loosen the filter cake 104. The floated fluid is then also aspirated through the flushing line 203.

[0076] In order to subsequently obtain a purification effect, the method according to the invention is implemented and permeability is first determined. Now refer to Figures 5a to 5i The precise operation of the permeation testing apparatus 400 is described, and other components of the permeation testing apparatus 400, especially the valves of the valve device 420, are also shown in detail.

[0077] exist Figure 5a The permeation testing apparatus 400 is first shown in its initial state. Unlike Figure 4, the control unit 410, pump 432, and purification unit 412 are not shown. However, it should be understood that these components may be present. Instead of pump 432, only vacuum connector 433 is shown, and all valves and sensors described below are connected to control unit 410.

[0078] The measuring unit 406 includes a measuring cylinder 440, which is also shown in Figure 4. The measuring cylinder 440 has a lower liquid connector 442, a compressed air inlet 444, an air outlet 446, a vacuum connector 448, and a measuring liquid inlet 450. The lower liquid connector 442 is located on the lower side of the vertically oriented measuring cylinder 440, while the other connectors are located on the upper side. The radial sidewalls of the measuring cylinder 440 are preferably made of a transparent material, particularly glass or plexiglass. Furthermore, a fill height sensor is provided on the upper side. This fill height sensor is configured as a non-contact distance sensor 460 and is also connected to the control unit 410, providing first and second measuring signals SM1, SM2 thereon. The distance sensor 460 measures the distance between the distance sensor and the liquid surface. For example, the distance sensor 460 may be configured as an ultrasonic sensor, radar sensor, laser sensor, or lidar sensor. Above the lower liquid connector 442, a baffle 443 is additionally arranged inside the measuring cylinder 440. The baffle prevents liquid supplied through the lower liquid connector 442 from splashing onto the distance sensor 460. This prevents contamination of the distance sensor 460. Simultaneously, the compressed air input 444 can be used to clean any contaminated distance sensor 460. Even though the baffle 443 is not shown in the following figures, it should be understood that the baffle is still present.

[0079] Valve assembly 420 includes multiple valves: first valve BV1, second valve BV2, third valve BV3, fourth valve BV4, fifth valve BV5, sixth valve BV6, seventh valve BV7, as well as first pneumatic valve PV1, first throttle valve MV1, and balance valve MV2. Throttle valve MV1 is arranged in the compressed air line between compressed air connector 426 and compressed air inlet 444. The throttle valve can be manually set. Normally, throttle valve MV1 is open. When measuring cylinder 440 is filled with liquid, balance valve MV2 is used to expel air from the measuring cylinder. Balance valve MV2 is also open during normal operation. All other valves are initially closed, as illustrated by the valves when unfilled. The illustration of the solid face of the valve shows it open.

[0080] Next Figure 5b-5i Therefore, the different steps of method 300 for purification are explained. In the first step ( Figure 5bIn the first step, the flushing line 203 is filled with water to ensure that the subsequent defined volume can be filled into the bioreactor 100 without loss. For this purpose, the first valve BV1 and the fourth valve BV4 are opened, allowing water to flow from the fresh water inlet 428 into the flushing line 203. Then, valves BV1 and BV4 are closed again, and a predetermined time is allowed to allow remaining water to flow through the sintering plate 201. Preferably, a first waiting time is observed, which is in the range of 10 to 1000 seconds, preferably 100 to 500 seconds, and most preferably approximately 250 seconds. It has been found that such a time is sufficient to allow residual water present on the sintering plate 201 to flow out. In the next step (… Figure 5c In this process, the suction unit 402 is operated by means of an electronic control unit 410 for use in the liquid tank 103 previously present or as described above. Figure 5b The remaining liquid 208, which is introduced by supplying water as described, is drawn in. Drawing is achieved through the drain line 207, thereby opening the third valve BV3 and the second valve BF2, connecting the drain line connector 422 to the vacuum connector 433. The remaining liquid is then simply discharged through the discharge section 430.

[0081] Then, without waiting time, it can continue, more precisely, by means of the electronic control unit 410, operating the liquid metering unit 404 to contain a predetermined liquid volume V0 in the measuring cylinder 440. Figure 5a and Figure 4a The predetermined liquid volume V0 is plotted. For this purpose, the first valve BV1 and the fifth valve BV5 are opened, allowing fresh water to flow from the fresh water inlet 428 to the lower liquid inlet 442 of the measuring cylinder 440 and into the measuring cylinder 440. Simultaneously, air previously in the measuring cylinder 440 flows out through the vent valve MV2. Preferably, the attainment of the predetermined liquid volume V0 is determined by means of a distance sensor 460. This distance sensor provides a corresponding signal SF on the control unit 410 indicating the filling height, which closes the first valve BV1 and the fifth valve BV5 when the predetermined liquid volume V0 is reached.

[0082] After this step, a waiting time can now be added. However, this is not mandatory. The waiting time here largely depends on whether liquid should be supplied to filter basket 101.

[0083] The output of the predetermined liquid volume V0 into the filter basket 101 Figure 5eAs shown in the diagram. To this end, firstly, the balance valve MV2 is closed, and then valves BV4 and BV5 are opened, so that the lower liquid inlet 442 of the measuring cylinder 440 is connected to the flushing inlet 424 and thus to the flushing line 203. Subsequently, the first pneumatic valve PV1 is also opened, allowing compressed air to flow into the measuring cylinder 440 through the compressed air inlet 444, thus expelling the volume V0 of liquid contained therein. Note the throttle valve MV1 here. Importantly, the liquid is not injected into the filter basket 101 in a rush, but gradually, for example, at a rate of 5 liters per minute or less, especially 2.5 liters per minute or less. This is followed by a waiting time, which can correspond to the first waiting time and can also be in the range of 10 seconds to 1000 seconds. The length of this second waiting time depends essentially on how quickly the added liquid flows through the filter basket 101, especially through the sintering plate 201. If, for example, a very large area is provided, the waiting time can also be set shorter. In the illustrated embodiment, this waiting time is preferably 250 seconds. This waiting time corresponds to the duration of a predetermined filtering time interval tZ (see Figure 8), which begins at the filtering start time (tF). When according to... Figure 5e This is the case when output stops.

[0084] Now, open the sixth valve BV6 to apply a vacuum to the vacuum connector 448, while the balance valve MV2 remains closed. Simultaneously, the second valve BV2 and the seventh valve BV7 open, thus also opening the measuring liquid inlet 450. Because a negative pressure now exists within the measuring cylinder 440, the liquid 209 filtered through the drain line 207 and the drain line connector is drawn into the measuring cylinder 440 through the measuring liquid inlet 450.

[0085] Here, suction can be performed either after a predetermined duration or depending on whether air is drawn in. This has already been described previously. For example, suction can be performed for approximately 50 seconds to deliver the filtered liquid into measuring cylinder 440. This is done without throttling.

[0086] To avoid measurement errors, it is now preferable to clean the distance sensor 460 in a separate step. This is in Figure 5g The following is explained. For this purpose, the second valve BV2, the sixth valve BV6, and the seventh valve BV7 are closed again, but the balance valve MV2 is opened. Simultaneously, the first pneumatic valve PV1 is opened for a short period of time, allowing compressed air to flow into the measuring cylinder 440 through the compressed air connector 426 and the compressed air inlet 444, thus purging the distance sensor 460. The distance between the distance sensor and the surface of the liquid 209 within the measuring cylinder 440 is then measured using the distance sensor 460. The filling height Vm is determined here, and the corresponding signal SM1 is provided on the control unit 410.

[0087] Then, the control unit 410 calculates the first permeability ratio QD1 based on the volume Vm of the aspirated liquid and the volume V0 of the liquid that has been fed into the filter basket 101 (see...). Figure 8b In the illustrated embodiment, the volume Vm of the aspirated liquid is less than the volume V0 of the added liquid, meaning that the liquid remains on the sintering plate 201 and is absorbed, for example, within the filter cake 104. This indicates low permeability. This means that the smaller the permeability ratio, the lower the permeability. If the permeability ratio QD1 is now below, for example, a first permeability limit value DG1 that may be 0.8, then the purification unit 412 is controlled. This can be done by means of the control unit 410, although it is not mandatory. It can also be specified that a separate control unit 410 controls the purification unit 412.

[0088] At the same time or subsequently, measuring cylinder 440 must now be emptied. This is in Figure 5h As shown in the diagram. For this purpose, the balance valve MV2 remains open, while the third valve BV3 and the fifth valve BV5 are additionally open. In this way, the lower liquid connector 442 is connected to the vacuum connector 433, allowing liquid 209 to be drawn in. This liquid can then be discharged again through the discharge section 430. This drawing in can be stopped when air is still being drawn in or when the distance sensor 460 detects that there is no more liquid in the measuring cylinder 440.

[0089] In the final step, the flushing line 203 is then evacuated by connecting the flushing connector 424 to the vacuum connector 433. For this purpose, the third valve BV3 and the fourth valve BV4 are opened.

[0090] When the first purification process, which begins with purification unit 412, is now complete, a further permeability test can be performed. Here, the same steps are performed in principle, wherein, again preferably, the same predetermined volume V0 is used. However, it may also be specified that only a volume smaller or larger than the first predetermined volume V0 is supplied. After aspiration, a second volume VM2 of the filtered liquid is then tested, which is typically larger than the first volume VM of the filtered liquid in the first cycle. No further difference is made. The waiting time is also preferably the same, but it can be shortened in the second cycle.

[0091] Figure 6a and Figure 6b A first structural implementation of the penetrant testing apparatus 400 is now shown, as described in Figures 4 and 5. Figure 6a , 6bThe permeation testing device 400 shown is configured to extend existing bioreactor purification or suction equipment that lacks a permeation tester. The permeation testing device can be integrated into such equipment as a retrofit and supplies vacuum, water, and compressed air from an external source. Identical or similar elements are indicated by the same reference numerals as in the preceding figures, and therefore, reference can be made entirely to the above description for these elements. Again, in Figure 6a and Figure 6b In this design, the control unit 410, purification unit 412, and pump 432 are omitted. In this respect, Figure 6a , 6b The structure corresponds to Figures 5a to 5i The structure. For example, from... Figure 6a , 6b As derived therein, the various valves BV1-BV7, MV1, MV2, and PV1 are interconnected via liquid lines or compressed air lines capable of guiding air or liquid. The flushing connector 424 and the drain line connector 422 are respectively constructed as Kamlok coupling parts 425 and 423, so as to be connected to the corresponding connectors on the bioreactor 100 or on the rail vehicle on which the bioreactor 100 is mounted.

[0092] The measuring cylinder 400 is formed here by a cylindrical, transparent tube 470, which is closed at its upper and lower ends respectively by a cover 472 or a bottom 474. The cover 472 and the bottom 474 are clamped together by clamping screws 476 (indicated only by reference numerals in the figures). Connectors 448, 450, 444, 446 and a distance sensor 460 are arranged and secured in the cover 472. A lower liquid connector 442 is provided in the bottom 474.

[0093] exist Figure 6b It can also be seen that a ball valve 478 is installed as a throttle valve 479 in the pipeline between the fresh water inlet 442 and the fifth valve BV5. It has been found that any residual liquid, fresh water, and liquid introduced into the measuring cylinder 440 via the lower liquid connector 442 should not be introduced at excessive pressure to avoid contamination of the distance sensor 460. In principle, it is conceivable and preferably designed that the throttle valve 479 is electronically controllable. However, in the embodiment shown here, the throttle valve is purely mechanical and can be manually set by the operator.

[0094] Figure 7 A second practical implementation of the penetrant testing apparatus 400 is now shown, which is particularly suitable for installation in... Figure 4b The bioreactor purification device 500 shown in the figure has a higher degree of automation. For this reason, the valve device 420 and the connectors are particularly similar to those in the previous embodiment ( Figure 6a , 6bThe design differs from that in the previous section. Identical and similar elements are again given the same reference numerals, so that they can be referred to exactly as described above.

[0095] For example, especially from Figure 7 As derived therein, only valves BV5, BV6, and BV7 exist here. In bioreactors typically equipped with manual permeation testing devices, the presence or replacement of the remaining valves makes the placement of these three valves, BV5, BV6, and BV7, sufficient. A liquid connector 480 is provided between valves BV5 and BV7, at which valves BV1 and BV2 or BV3 and BV4 can be connected (see...). Figure 5a The branch pipeline. That is, the T-shaped fitting or distribution device should first be connected to the liquid connector 480 so that the corresponding pipeline can then be connected. Therefore, the liquid connector 480 receives fresh water and liquid from the bioreactor and, depending on the switching of valves BV5 and BV7, directs the fresh water and liquid either to the lower liquid connector 442 or to the liquid inlet 450. Valve BV6 is provided with a negative pressure connector 482, which can be connected in a corresponding manner to the negative pressure connector 433 and according to Figure 5a The third valve BV3 is connected to the pipeline.

[0096] at last, Figure 8a A method 300 for automatically purifying a filter basket 101 in a bioreactor 100 is now clearly shown. The method first includes a step of determining 301 the permeability of the filter basket 101, and after this step, manipulating 302 the purification unit 412 as basically described above to perform a purification process on the filter basket 101 if the determined criteria are met. Immediately thereafter, a second determination 303 of the permeability of the filter basket 101 can be performed, which can be performed in the same or similar manner as the first determination 301. Then, the manipulation 304 of the purification unit 412 is preferably connected to the second determination 303. Preferably, this sequence of steps is performed until the desired purification result is obtained. The purification step may also be performed before step 301. It is not mandatory to determine the permeability first and then perform the purification step. It is also conceivable to perform the purification step first and then determine the permeability immediately afterwards.

[0097] Figure 8b Step 301 is now shown in detail. In one embodiment, step 301 (determining the permeability of filter basket 101) first includes, in a first step, operating suction unit 102 by means of electronic control unit 410 to suction remaining liquid 208 from liquid tank 103. Next, as referred to Figures 5a to 5iAs described, a predetermined liquid volume is first contained in the measuring cylinder 440. This is performed in step 312. Then, in step 314, the liquid metering unit 404 is manipulated to output a predetermined liquid volume V0 into the filter basket 101. It should be understood here that step 312 is not mandatory. It is also possible to specify that the predetermined liquid volume V0 is output directly into the filter basket 101, instead of being pre-measured in the measuring cylinder 440. Then, in step 316, the liquid output is stopped. This is performed at the filtration start time point tF. Importantly, in step 314, the liquid is not added to the filter basket 101 too quickly, but rather at a certain output rate as described above. When the filtration start time point tF is determined by stopping the liquid output, in step 318, a predetermined filtration time interval tZ is first waited for to give time to allow the liquid already input into the filter basket 101 to reach the filter cake 104. Then, in step 320, the suction unit 402 is manipulated to empty the liquid tank 103 by means of the suction unit. The filtered liquid volume 209 is placed in the liquid tank 103, having passed through the filter basket 101 and been collected there. In step 322, this drawn-out filtered liquid volume 209 is contained in the measuring cylinder 440. Subsequently, in step 324, the volume VM of the drawn-out filtered liquid volume 209 is measured. After the measurement, a corresponding first measurement signal SM1 representing the first measurement result is sent (step 326), and more specifically, to the control unit 410. The control unit then, in step 328, forms a first permeability ratio QD1 from the previously measured volume Vm and the volume V0 initially input into the filter basket 101. The control unit 410 then compares the first permeability ratio QD1 with a first predetermined permeability limit value DG1. A case distinction is then made: if the first permeability ratio QD1 is lower than the first permeability limit value DG1, the purification unit 332 is activated. However, if the first permeability ratio exceeds or equals the first permeability limit value DG1, the method is preferably terminated. It can also be specified that a signal is output in step 334, indicating that the desired purification result has been achieved. Then, further purification is not necessary.

[0098] Furthermore, mechanical or chemical purification can be distinguished based on the degree to which the first permeability ratio QD1 is lower than the first permeability limit value DG1. This is another sub-step of step 302. If the first permeability ratio QD1 is lower than the first permeability limit value DG1 by a first value, a chemical purification process is preferably performed. However, if the first permeability ratio QD1 is lower than the first permeability limit value DG1 by a second value, a mechanical purification process is performed. Preferably, the selection of the first and second values ​​is predetermined by the manufacturer or operator of the bioreactor 100. The precise values ​​of these values ​​depend on the type of bioreactor 100, the type of filter basket 101, and other parameters that are not the subject of this invention.

[0099] Following the first purification process in step 302, a second determination of permeability 303 can be performed, as per reference. Figure 8a As described. Now refer to Figure 8c The second determination of permeability 303 is described in detail.

[0100] In step 340, the suction unit 402 is operated by means of the electronic control unit 410 to suction the remaining liquid 208 present in the liquid tank 103. This is similar to step 310 and can be performed in the same manner. In particular, the suction in step 340 can be performed in the same manner as the suction in step 310. Then, in step 342, a predetermined liquid volume V0 is contained in the measuring cylinder 440. In this document, containing the predetermined liquid volume V0 in step 342 can correspond to the predetermined liquid volume V0 contained in step 312. However, different predetermined liquid volumes V0 can also be used. Then, in step 344, the liquid metering unit 404 is operated by means of the electronic control unit 410 to output the predetermined liquid volume V0 to the filter basket 101. This can be performed in the same manner as step 314, especially at the same output rate. However, alternatively, other output rates can also be used. Then, in step 346, the output ends again at the filtration start time point tF. Subsequently, in step 348, a predetermined filtration time interval tZ is waited for. The filtering time interval tZ in step 348 can be a second filtering time interval different from the first filtering time interval tZ in step 318. However, preferably, the filtering time interval tZ is selected to be the same.

[0101] Next, after the filtration time interval tZ ends, the control unit 410 operates the suction unit 402 (step 350) to suction the filtered liquid volume 209 from the liquid tank 103. Here, suction can be performed again for the same duration as in step 320. In step 352, the suctioned liquid volume is then contained in the measuring cylinder 440. In step 354, the contained volume Vm2 is measured. The volume Vm2 contained in the second channel is generally slightly larger than the volume Vm contained in the first channel because the filter basket has been purified in step 302 during this period. Then, in step 356, a second measurement signal SM2 representing a second measurement result is sent to the control unit 410. In step 358, a second permeability ratio QD2 is formed by the control unit. For this purpose, the control unit uses the volume Vm2 of the previously suctioned filtered liquid relative to the volume V0 that has entered the filter basket in step 344. Then, in step 360, the second permeability ratio QD2 thus formed is compared with the second predetermined permeability limit value DG2. The situation is then differentiated again. If the second permeability limit value QD2 is found to be lower than the second permeability limit value DG2, then proceed as described in step 304 (see...). Figure 8a The purification process is performed in step 362. Otherwise, a signal can be output in step 362 indicating that the desired purification result has been achieved. The distinction between mechanical and chemical purification can also be made again in purification step 304.

Claims

1. A method (300) for automatically purifying a filter basket (101) in a bioreactor (100), wherein, A filter basket (101) is in fluid connection with a liquid tank (103) on the outlet side, and the filter basket (101) is defined by filter walls on the bottom and laterally sides. The bioreactor (100) includes an inlet (212) extending into the filter basket (101) to receive wastewater, and a flushing line (203) extends into the filter basket (101). The method includes: - Determine the permeability of the filter basket (101) by including the following steps: a. The suction unit (402) is operated by means of the electronic control unit (410) to suction the remaining liquid from the liquid tank (103) through the drain pipe (207). b. The electronic control unit (410) then operates the liquid metering unit (404) to output liquid with a predetermined liquid volume (V0) into the interior of the filter basket (101) through the flushing line (203), the liquid metering unit (404) having a measuring cylinder for receiving the predetermined liquid volume (V0). c. End liquid output at the filtration start time (tF). d. After the duration of the predetermined filtration time interval (tZ) starting from the filtration start time (tF) ends, the suction unit (402) is operated by means of the electronic control unit (410) to empty the liquid tank (103) by means of suctioning the filtered liquid from the liquid tank (103) through the drain pipe (207). e. The volume (Vm) of the filtered liquid aspirated in step d is measured in the measuring unit (406), and a first measurement signal (SM1) representing the first measurement result is sent from the measuring unit (406) to the electronic control unit (410). f. In the electronic control unit (410), a first permeability ratio (QD1) is formed between the volume (Vm) of the filtered liquid aspirated in step d and the predetermined volume (V0) of the liquid output in step b, and g. The electronic control unit (410) compares the first permeability ratio (QD1) with the first predetermined permeability limit value (DG1); and - If the first permeability ratio (QD1) is lower than the first predetermined permeability limit (DG1), the purification unit (412) is manipulated to perform a purification process on the filter basket (101).

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, After the purification process is completed, a second determination of the permeability of the filter basket (101) is performed, including the following steps: h. The suction unit (402) is operated by means of the electronic control unit (410) to suction the remaining liquid from the liquid tank (103) through the drain pipe (207). i. The liquid metering unit (404) is operated by means of the electronic control unit (410) to output liquid with a predetermined liquid volume (V0) into the filter basket (101) through the flushing pipe (203). j. End liquid output at the filtration start time (tF). k. After the duration of the predetermined filtration time interval (tZ) starting from the filtration start time ends, the suction unit (402) is operated by means of the electronic control unit (410) to empty the liquid tank (103) by means of suctioning the filtered liquid from the liquid tank (103) through the drain pipe (207). l. The volume (Vm2) of the filtered liquid drawn in step k is measured in the measuring unit (406), and a second measurement signal (SM2) representing the second measurement result is sent from the measuring unit (406) to the electronic control unit (410). m. A second permeability ratio (QD2) is formed in the electronic control unit (410) between the volume of the filtered liquid drawn in step k (Vm2) and the predetermined liquid volume output in step i (V0), and n. The electronic control unit (410) compares the second permeability ratio (QD2) formed in step m with the second predetermined permeability limit value (DG2); and - The method further includes: if the second permeability ratio (QD2) formed in step m is lower than the second predetermined permeability limit value (DG2), then the purification unit (412) is manipulated to perform a purification process on the filter basket (101).

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The second predetermined permeability limit value corresponds to or is greater than the first predetermined permeability limit value (DG1).

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, - If the first permeability ratio formed in step f is lower than a first purification limit value that is lower than a first predetermined permeability limit value, then the purification process is a mechanical purification process; and - Wherein, if the first permeability ratio formed in step f exceeds the first purification limit value but is lower than the first predetermined permeability limit value, then the purification process is a chemical purification process.

5. The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein, - If the first permeability ratio formed in step f is lower than a first purification limit value which is lower than a first predetermined permeability limit value, then the purification process is a mechanical purification process; - If the first permeability ratio formed in step f exceeds the first purification limit value but is lower than the first predetermined permeability limit value, then the purification process is a chemical purification process; - If the second permeability ratio formed in step m is lower than a second purification limit value that is smaller than a second predetermined permeability limit value and larger than a first purification limit value, then the purification unit performs a mechanical second purification process; and - If the second permeability ratio exceeds the second purification limit but is below the second predetermined permeability limit, the purification unit performs a second chemical purification process.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The bottom side of the filter basket (101) has a total bottom area, and the predetermined liquid volume (V0) output is measured as the product of the total bottom area in the filter basket (101) and the filling height of 0.25 cm to 2.5 cm.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The predetermined liquid volume (V0) output is measured as the product of the total bottom area in the filter basket (101) and the filling height of 0.25 cm to 1 cm.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein, The predetermined liquid volume (V0) output is measured as the product of the total bottom area in the filter basket (101) and the filling height of 0.5 cm.

9. The method according to claim 2, wherein, In step i, the liquid metering unit (404) is operated by means of the electronic control unit (410) so that liquid with a predetermined liquid volume (V0) is output at an output rate that does not exceed the quotient of the volume measured in step e and the predetermined filtration time interval according to step d.

10. The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein, During the aspiration process in steps a, d, h and / or k, the aspiration detection unit monitors whether liquid or air is aspirated, and between steps a and b, the flushing line (203) is completely filled with liquid, through which the predetermined liquid volume (V0) is metered and added.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, In step a, the suction unit is operated for the duration of a predetermined first suction time period.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, In step d, the suction unit is operated for the duration of a predetermined first suction time period.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The suction unit (402) is operated for the duration of a predetermined first suction time period starting from the point in step a when it stops suctioning pure liquid and instead suctions liquid-air-mixture, and the suction unit (402) is operated for the duration of a predetermined first suction time period starting from the point in step d when it stops suctioning pure liquid and instead suctions liquid-air-mixture.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The method further includes the following steps: - Before measuring the volume of the aspirated filtered liquid, the aspirated filtered liquid is contained in a measuring cylinder (440). In order to contain the aspirated filtered liquid, a negative pressure is applied to the measuring cylinder (440) so that the filtered liquid is aspirated and thus contained in the measuring cylinder (440).

15. A permeation testing apparatus (400) for automatically purifying a filter basket (101) in a bioreactor (100), wherein, The filter basket (101) is in fluid connection with the liquid tank (103) on the outlet side and is defined by filter walls on the bottom and lateral sides. The bioreactor (100) includes an inlet (212) extending into the filter basket (101) to receive wastewater, and a flushing line (203) extends into the filter basket (101). The permeation testing apparatus (400) includes an electronic control unit (410) that is signal-connected to a suction unit (402), a liquid metering unit (404), a measuring unit (406), and a purification unit (412), wherein the suction unit (402) and the measuring unit (406) are fluid-connected, and the electronic control unit (410) is configured to operate the suction unit (402), the liquid metering unit (404), and the measuring unit (406) to determine the permeability of the filter basket (101) (301), wherein the liquid metering unit (404) has a measuring cylinder (440), characterized in that, The electronic control unit (410) is configured for use a. Operate the suction unit (402) to suction the remaining liquid from the liquid tank (103) through the drain line (207), b. Subsequently, the liquid metering unit (404) is operated to contain a predetermined liquid volume (V0) of liquid into the measuring cylinder (440) and output the liquid having the predetermined liquid volume (V0) to the filter basket (101) through the flushing pipe (203). c. Stop outputting liquid at the start time of filtration. d. After the duration of the predetermined filtration time interval starting from the filtration start time has ended, the suction unit (402) is operated to empty the liquid tank (103) by means of suctioning the filtered liquid from the liquid tank (103) through the drain line (207). e. Measure the volume (Vm) of the filtered liquid aspirated in step d in the measuring unit (406), and receive a first measurement signal (SM1) representing the first measurement result from the measuring unit (406). f. In the electronic control unit (410), a first permeability ratio is formed between the volume (Vm) of the filtered liquid drawn in step d and the predetermined volume (V0) of the liquid output in step b, and g. The electronic control unit (410) compares the first permeability ratio with the first predetermined permeability limit value; Furthermore, the electronic control unit (410) is configured to operate the purification unit (412) to purify the filter basket (101) if the first permeability ratio formed in step f is lower than a first predetermined permeability limit value.

16. The penetration testing apparatus according to claim 15, wherein, The electronic control unit (410) is configured to, after the purification process is completed, operate the suction unit (402), the liquid metering unit (404), and the measuring unit (406) to determine the permeability of the filter basket (101) for the second time, comprising the following steps: h. Operate the suction unit (402) to suction the remaining liquid from the liquid tank (103) through the drain pipe (207), i. Operate the liquid metering unit (404) to output liquid with a predetermined liquid volume (V0) into the filter basket (101) through the flushing line (203), j. Stop outputting liquid at the start time of filtration. k. After the duration of the predetermined filtration time interval starting from the filtration start time point ends, the suction unit (402) is operated by means of the electronic control unit (410) to empty the liquid tank (103) by means of suctioning the filtered liquid from the liquid tank (103) through the drain pipe (207). l. The volume (Vm2) of the filtered liquid drawn in step k is measured in the measuring unit (406), and a second measurement signal (SM2) representing the second measurement result is received from the measuring unit (406) in the electronic control unit (410). m. A second permeability ratio is formed in the electronic control unit (410) between the volume (Vm2) of the filtered liquid drawn in step k and the predetermined liquid volume (V0) output in step i. n. The electronic control unit (410) compares the second permeability ratio formed in step m with the second predetermined permeability limit value; and The electronic control unit (410) is configured to operate the purification unit (412) to perform a second purification process on the filter basket (101) after a second determination of the permeability of the filter basket (101) if the second permeability ratio formed in step m is lower than a second predetermined permeability limit value.

17. The penetration testing apparatus according to claim 16, wherein, The second predetermined permeability limit value corresponds to or is greater than the first predetermined permeability limit value.

18. The penetration testing apparatus according to claim 15, wherein, The permeation testing apparatus has a fresh water connector (428) for supplying fresh water to the permeation testing apparatus (400), and a compressed air connector (426) for supplying compressed air to the permeation testing apparatus (400). - The electronic control unit (410) is configured to, after determining the permeability of the filter basket (101), operate the purification unit (412) to perform a mechanical purification process if the first permeability ratio formed in step f is lower than a first purification limit value lower than a first predetermined permeability limit value, and - The electronic control unit (410) is configured to operate the purification unit (412) to perform a chemical purification process if the first permeability ratio formed in step f exceeds the first purification limit value but is lower than the first predetermined permeability limit value.

19. The penetration testing apparatus according to claim 16 or 17, wherein, The permeation testing apparatus has a fresh water connector (428) for supplying fresh water to the permeation testing apparatus (400), and a compressed air connector (426) for supplying compressed air to the permeation testing apparatus (400). - The electronic control unit (410) is configured to, after determining the permeability of the filter basket (101), operate the purification unit (412) to perform a mechanical purification process if the first permeability ratio formed in step f is lower than a first purification limit value lower than a first predetermined permeability limit value, and - The electronic control unit (410) is configured to operate the purification unit (412) to perform a chemical purification process if the first permeability ratio formed in step f exceeds a first purification limit value but is lower than a first predetermined permeability limit value. - The electronic control unit (410) is configured to, if the second permeability ratio formed in step m is lower than a second purification limit value that is smaller than a second predetermined permeability limit value and larger than a first purification limit value, then after the second determination of the permeability of the filter basket (101), operate the purification unit (412) to perform a mechanical second purification process, and - The electronic control unit (410) is configured to operate the purification unit (412) to perform a second chemical purification process if the second permeability ratio formed in step m exceeds the second purification limit value but is lower than the second predetermined permeability limit value.

20. The penetration testing apparatus according to any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein, The aspirated filtered liquid can be contained in a measuring cylinder (440), which is connected to a suction unit (402) to apply negative pressure to the measuring cylinder, and the measuring cylinder (440) has a non-contact distance sensor (460) for detecting the filling height in the measuring cylinder (440).

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