Ink composition and electronic device including a film formed using the ink composition

Abstract

The present invention relates to an ink composition and an electronic device including a film formed using the ink composition. The ink composition includes: a quantum dot including one or more ligands on a surface thereof; a first monomer including one or more epoxy groups; and a second monomer including one or more oxetane groups, wherein the one or more ligands include one or more polar moieties. The electronic device includes a film formed using the ink composition.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority and benefit to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0123367, filed on September 15, 2021, with the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] One or more embodiments relate to ink compositions and electronic devices including films formed using ink compositions. Background Technology

[0004] A light-emitting device is a device that converts electrical energy into light energy. Examples of such light-emitting devices include organic light-emitting devices that utilize organic materials for the emitting layer and / or quantum dot light-emitting devices that utilize quantum dots for the emitting layer. Such light-emitting devices can be included in various suitable electronic devices, such as display devices.

[0005] In order to implement color in display devices, methods have been proposed to further increase the color purity of red (R) light, green (G) light and / or blue (B) light by utilizing a color conversion layer, wherein the color conversion layer includes a color conversion luminescent material that absorbs light of a specific wavelength and converts it into light of a different wavelength.

[0006] This color conversion layer can be formed using inkjet printing. Accordingly, materials suitable for use in inkjet printing are desired. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Aspects of one or more embodiments relate to ink compositions and electronic devices including films formed using the ink compositions, wherein the ink compositions have improved adhesion, reduced curing shrinkage, and low film manufacturing costs. However, these objectives are merely illustrative and do not limit the scope of this disclosure.

[0008] Other aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will be obvious from the description or may be learned by practice of the embodiments of this disclosure presented.

[0009] According to one or more embodiments, the ink composition includes quantum dots, which comprise one or more ligands on their surface.

[0010] The first monomer comprises one or more epoxy groups, and

[0011] The second monomer comprises one or more oxecyclic butyl groups.

[0012] One or more of the ligands include one or more polar portions.

[0013] According to one or more embodiments, an electronic device includes a film formed using an ink composition and a light-emitting device, the light-emitting device including a first electrode, a second electrode, and an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Certain embodiments of this disclosure, as well as other aspects, features, and enhancements, will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to another embodiment;

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a light-emitting device according to an embodiment; and

[0018] Figure 4 To prepare scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the quantum dots obtained in Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings will now be explained in more detail with reference to examples thereof, wherein the same reference numerals refer to the same elements throughout and may not be repeatedly described in the specification. In this regard, the embodiments may take different forms and should not be construed as limited to the description set forth herein. Accordingly, embodiments are described only by reference to the accompanying drawings to explain aspects of this description. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated enumerated items. Throughout this disclosure, the expressions “at least one of a, b, or c” and “at least one of a, b, and c” each indicate only a, only b, only c, both a and b, both a and c, both b and c, all of a, b, and c, or variations thereof.

[0020] Because this disclosure can be implemented in various modified forms, embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described in the detailed description. The effects and features of this disclosure, as well as the methods of achieving them, will become apparent when the embodiments are described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, this disclosure can be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

[0021] Embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Identical or corresponding components will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and therefore redundant descriptions will not be provided.

[0022] A singular expression may encompass a plural expression, unless it has a distinctly different meaning in the context.

[0023] In the example, the prefix "more" refers to a plural number of two or more.

[0024] As used herein, the terms “comprise,” “include,” and “have” indicate the presence of a feature and / or component of the description, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features and / or components.

[0025] It will be understood that when a layer, region, or component is referred to as being "on" or "to" another layer, region, or component, the layer, region, or component may be formed directly or indirectly on the other layer, region, or component. For example, an intermediary layer, region, or component may exist.

[0026] For ease of explanation, the dimensions of the components in the accompanying drawings may be enlarged. In other words, because the dimensions and thicknesses of the components in the accompanying drawings have been arbitrarily interpreted for ease of explanation, the following embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0027] In this specification, the term "room temperature" refers to approximately 25°C.

[0028] Ink Composition

[0029] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the ink composition comprises: quantum dots, the quantum dots including one or more ligands on their surface; a first monomer including one or more epoxy groups; and a second monomer including one or more oxobutyryl groups, wherein the one or more ligands include one or more polar moieties.

[0030] In one embodiment, the first monomer may include 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 epoxy groups. In one or more embodiments, the first monomer may include 2, 3, 4, or 5 epoxy groups.

[0031] In one embodiment, the first monomer may have a cyclic structure and / or a straight-chain or branched structure in its molecular structure. In one or more embodiments, the first monomer may have a cyclic structure and a straight-chain or branched structure in its molecular structure.

[0032] In one or more embodiments, the first monomer may include C1-C 20 Alkyl group (e.g., alkyl); C2-C 20 olefinic (e.g., alkenyl); or C6-C 20 Aromatic groups (e.g., aryl).

[0033] In one or more embodiments, the first monomer may include an ether group or an ester group.

[0034] In an implementation, the first monomer may be represented by formula 1-1 or formula 1-2:

[0035] Equation 1-1

[0036]

[0037] Formula 1-2

[0038]

[0039] Among them, in Equations 1-1 and 1-2,

[0040] A 11 Can be C1-C 20 Alkyl group (e.g., alkyl); C2-C 20 olefinic (e.g., alkenyl); or C6-C 20 Aromatic groups (e.g., aryl),

[0041] A 12 It can be a cyclic C3-C 20 Alkyl (e.g., alkyl) or cyclic C3-C 20 Alkenyl groups (e.g., alkenyl groups),

[0042] L 11 Can be *-O-*' or

[0043] a11 can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.

[0044] R 11 To R 15 Each can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, or C1-C. 20 alkyl,

[0045] b11 can be an integer selected from 1 to 12.

[0046] n11 can be 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, and

[0047] * and *' can each indicate the binding site with adjacent atoms.

[0048] In one or more embodiments, when the first monomer comprises a straight-chain or branched alkane group (e.g., an alkyl group), examples of the first monomer may include (e.g., may be) the following compounds, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto:

[0049] 1) Monofunctional compounds: Butyl glycidyl ether, isobutyl glycidyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether, hexadecyl glycidyl ether, triethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, allyl glycidyl ether, polypropylene glycol glycidyl ether and / or neodecanoic acid glycidyl ester, etc.

[0050] 2) Bifunctional compounds: 1,4-Butanediol diglycidyl ether, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, diethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,4-cyclohexanediethanol diglycidyl ether and / or polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, etc.; and

[0051] 3) Trifunctional or polyfunctional compounds: glycerol triglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, pentaerythritol polyglycidyl ether, dipentaerythritol polyglycidyl ether and / or alkyl polyol type (or polyol type) polyglycidyl ether, etc.

[0052] In one or more embodiments, when the first monomer includes a cyclic group, examples of the first monomer may include (for example,) the following compounds, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto:

[0053] Cyclohexyldimethyl glycidyl ether, dicyclopentadiene glycidyl ether, 1,2-epoxy-4-vinylcyclohexane, 3',4'-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate, caprolactone modified with 3',4'-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate, naphthyl glycidyl ether, tolyl glycidyl ether, p-tert-butylphenol glycidyl ether, thiodiphenyl diglycidyl ether, 3-alkylbenzene Phenolic glycidyl ether, o-phenylphenol glycidyl ether, benzyl glycidyl ether, o-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, resorcinol diglycidyl ether, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, bisphenol S diglycidyl ether, 2,2”-diarylbisphenol A diglycidyl ether, propylene oxide-added bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, 2-biphenyl glycidyl ether, triglycidylaminophenol and / or tetraglycidylmethylenediphenylamine, etc.

[0054] In one or more embodiments, the commercially available first monomer compound may include, for example, the KF EPIOL product line manufactured by Kukdo Finechem Ltd, such as ME100, ME101, ME103, ME105, ME106, ME102, ME700, ME701, ME702, ME704, DE200, DE Models 201, DE202, DE203, DE204, DE205, DE207, DE208, DE209, DE213, DE214, DE215, DE216, DE703, DE704, PE300, PE311, PE411, PE412 and / or PE510; and the EPODIL product line manufactured by EVONIK, such as 733, 741, 742, 746, 747, 748, 749, 750, 757, 759, 761, 7... 77 and / or 781; the CELLOXIDE product line manufactured by DICELL, such as 2021P, 2000, 2081 and / or 8010; the HELOXY product line manufactured by Hexion, such as DB, HD and / or WF; and the EPICOTE resin product line manufactured by the same company, such as 215, 232, 235, 238, 240, 246, 320, 827, 828EL, 862 and / or 896; and GLYCIROL manufactured by Adeka. The ED product line, such as ED-502, ED-509, ED-529, ED-503, ED-506, ED-523T, ED-505, ED-508 and / or ED-512EX, and the EP product line manufactured by the same company, such as EP-4400, EP-4520, EP-4530 and / or EP-4005; and / or the EPICLON product line manufactured by DIC, such as 520, HP-4032SS, TGAP BPFDGE, BPADGE, HP-4770, EXA-4750 and / or EXA-7250; etc.

[0055] The first monomer can be used alone, or two or more different kinds (e.g., types) of the first monomer can be used in combination.

[0056] The molecular weight of the first monomer can be in the range of about 100 g / mol to about 800 g / mol.

[0057] Based on 100 parts by weight of the ink composition, the amount of the first monomer may be about 20 parts by weight or more and less than 70 parts by weight, for example, about 20 parts by weight or more and less than 50 parts by weight. When the amount of the first monomer is within these ranges, the ink composition can maintain a constant viscosity (e.g., a constant value) and have improved curability and improved crosslinking during curing.

[0058] In an embodiment, the second monomer may include 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 oxobutyl groups.

[0059] In one embodiment, the second monomer may have a cyclic structure and / or a straight-chain or branched structure in its molecular structure. In one or more embodiments, the second monomer may have a cyclic structure and a straight-chain or branched structure in its molecular structure.

[0060] In one or more embodiments, the second monomer may include C1-C 20 Alkyl group (e.g., alkyl); C2-C 20 Hydrocarbon group (e.g., alkenyl); or C6-C 20 Aromatic groups (e.g., aryl).

[0061] In one or more embodiments, the second monomer may include an ether group or an ester group.

[0062] In an implementation, the second monomer may be represented by formula 2-1 or formula 2-2:

[0063] Equation 2-1

[0064]

[0065] Equation 2-2

[0066]

[0067] Among them, in equations 2-1 and 2-2,

[0068] A 21 Can be C1-C 20 Alkyl group (e.g., alkyl); C2-C 20 olefinic (e.g., alkenyl); or C6-C 20 Aromatic groups (e.g., aryl),

[0069] A 22 It can be a cyclic C3-C 20 Alkyl (e.g., alkyl) or cyclic C3-C 20 Alkenyl groups (e.g., alkenyl groups),

[0070] L 21 Can be *-O-*' or

[0071] a21 can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.

[0072] R 21 To R 27 Each can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, or C1-C.20 alkyl,

[0073] b21 can be an integer selected from 1 to 12.

[0074] n21 can be 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, and

[0075] * and *' can each indicate the binding site with adjacent atoms.

[0076] In one or more embodiments, examples of the second monomer may include (for example) 1,4-bis[(3-ethyl-3-oxetyl-butanemethoxy)methyl]benzene, 1,4-bis[(3-methyl-3-oxetyl-butanemethoxy)methyl]benzene, 3-methyl-3-glycidyloxetane, 3-ethyl-3-glycidyloxetane, di[1-ethyl(3-oxetyl)]methyl ether, 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyloxetane, 3-ethyl-3-[(3-ethoxyoxetane-3-yl)methoxy]oxetane, 3-ethyl-3-phenoxymethyloxetane, 3-ethyl-3-[(2-ethylhexyloxy)methyl]oxetane, oxetane silicate and / or phenolic aldehyde oxetane, etc., but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0077] In one or more embodiments, the commercially available second monomer compound may include, for example, the ARON OXETANE product line manufactured by TOAGOSEI, such as OXT-221, OXT-101, OXT-121, OXT-212, OXT-211, CHOX and / or OX-SC; and / or the ETERNACOLL product line manufactured by Ube, such as EHO, OXBP, OXTP and / or OXMA; etc., but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0078] The second monomer can be used alone, or two or more different kinds (e.g., types) of the second monomer can be used in combination.

[0079] The molecular weight of the second monomer can be in the range of about 100 g / mol to about 800 g / mol.

[0080] Based on 100 parts by weight of the ink composition, the amount of the second monomer may be about 5 parts by weight or more and less than 90 parts by weight, for example, about 10 parts by weight or more and less than 50 parts by weight. When the amount of the second monomer is within these ranges, the ink composition can maintain a constant viscosity (e.g., a constant value) and have improved curability and / or improved crosslinking during curing.

[0081] Based on 100 parts by weight of the first monomer, the amount of the second monomer can range from about 20 parts by weight to about 350 parts by weight. When the ratio of the first monomer to the second monomer is within these ranges, the ink composition can have further improved adhesion and / or improved peel strength.

[0082] In embodiments, the ink composition may further include a third monomer comprising one or more epoxy groups, wherein the first monomer and the third monomer may be different from each other. In this specification, unless otherwise specifically defined, the third monomer may be understood with reference to the description of the first monomer.

[0083] In this embodiment, the first monomer may include C1-C 20 Alkyl (e.g., alkyl) or C2-C 20 The olefinic group (e.g., alkenyl), and the third monomer may include a cyclic C3-C group. 20 Alkyl groups (e.g., alkyl groups), cyclic C3-C 20 olefinic (e.g., alkenyl) or C6-C 20 Aromatic groups (e.g., aryl).

[0084] In one or more embodiments, the first monomer may be represented by Equation 1-1, and the third monomer may be represented by Equation 1-2:

[0085] Equation 1-1

[0086]

[0087] Formula 1-2

[0088]

[0089] Among them, in Equations 1-1 and 1-2,

[0090] A 11 Can be C1-C 20 Alkyl group (e.g., alkyl) or C2-C 20 Alkenyl groups (e.g., alkenyl groups),

[0091] A 12 It can be a cyclic C3-C 20 Alkyl (e.g., alkyl) or cyclic C3-C 20 Alkenyl groups (e.g., alkenyl groups),

[0092] L 11 Can be *-O-*' or

[0093] a11 can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.

[0094] R 11 To R 15 Each can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, or C1-C. 20 alkyl,

[0095] b11 can be an integer selected from 1 to 12.

[0096] n11 can be 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, and

[0097] * and *' can each indicate the binding site with adjacent atoms.

[0098] The third monomer can be used alone, or two or more different kinds (e.g., types) of the third monomer can be used in combination.

[0099] The molecular weight of the third monomer can range from about 100 g / mol to about 800 g / mol.

[0100] Based on 100 parts by weight of the ink composition, the amount of the third monomer may be about 5 parts by weight or more and less than 50 parts by weight, for example, about 10 parts by weight or more and less than 50 parts by weight. When the amount of the third monomer is within these ranges, the ink composition can maintain a constant viscosity (e.g., a constant value) and have improved curability and / or improved crosslinking during curing.

[0101] Based on 100 parts by weight of the first monomer, the amount of the third monomer can range from about 20 parts by weight to about 500 parts by weight. When the ratio of the first monomer to the third monomer is within these ranges, the ink composition can have further improved adhesion and / or further improved peel strength.

[0102] In embodiments, each of the first to third monomers included in the ink composition may be a monomer capable of forming a film via a ring-opening polymerization mechanism. For example, compared to carbon-carbon double bond polymerization mechanisms in related fields, when the ink composition forms a film via a ring-opening polymerization mechanism, film shrinkage, stress generation due to film shrinkage, and bending or deterioration of the device due to stress can be relatively reduced. In some embodiments, the ink composition may have relatively high adhesion to substrates such as glass.

[0103] In one or more embodiments, each of the first to third monomers included in the ink composition may be a monomer capable of forming a film via a cationic polymerization mechanism. For example, compared to the acryloyl radical polymerization mechanism in the related art, polymerization inhibition caused by ambient oxygen may not occur when the ink composition forms a film via a cationic polymerization mechanism. Accordingly, the cost of maintaining the working environment (e.g., suitable for polymerization to form a film) can be reduced, and the necessity (or reliance) on operators for safety management can also be relatively reduced.

[0104] In one embodiment, based on 100 parts by weight of the ink composition, the ink composition may include less than about 2 parts by weight of solvent. In one or more embodiments, the ink composition may be substantially solvent-free. In this regard, the ink composition may be a solvent-free (or solvent-free) ink composition.

[0105] When the ink composition does not contain a solvent, it is suitable for use in inkjet processes. More specifically, in the case of an ink composition that includes a solvent (e.g., a solvent-based ink composition), in order to form a film with a target thickness, the inkjet process needs to be repeated until the thickness (e.g., the thickness of the ink composition deposited before drying) is approximately five times the thickness of a film formed using a solvent-free ink composition. In this respect, such solvent-containing ink compositions are not suitable for precise film formation and problems may arise, such as color mixing between pixels (e.g., color mixing) during the formation of color conversion elements. In some embodiments, when using an ink composition that includes a solvent, nozzle drying and / or nozzle clogging may occur due to solvent evaporation (e.g., evaporation). Moreover, organic solvents may remain in the formed film (e.g., in residual amounts), which may affect the degradation of other organic layers or adversely affect reliability due to degassing.

[0106] In embodiments, the ink composition may further include a polymerization initiator. For example, the ink composition may further include a photopolymerization initiator and / or a thermal polymerization initiator. Such a polymerization initiator is used to accelerate polymerization and improve curing speed, and any suitable polymerization initiator (e.g., those suitable in the art) may be used without particular limitation.

[0107] In embodiments, examples of photopolymerization initiators may include (e.g., may be): onium-type (e.g., onium-based) photopolymerization initiators comprising a cationic moiety and an anionic moiety (e.g., composed of a cationic moiety and an anionic moiety), wherein the cationic moiety comprises aromatic thioonium, aromatic iodonium, aromatic diazoonium, and / or aromatic ammonium, and the anionic moiety comprises BF4, etc. - PF6 - and / or SbF6 - etc.; and / or nonionic photopolymerization initiators, such as nitrobenzyl esters, sulfonic acid derivatives, phosphate esters, phenol sulfonates, diazonaquinone and / or N-hydroxyimide sulfonates, etc.

[0108] Examples of onium-type (or onium-specific) photopolymerization initiators including aromatic thioonium may include (for example) bis(4-(diphenylsulfonyl)phenyl)sulfide bis(hexafluorophosphate), bis(4-(diphenylsulfonyl)phenyl)sulfide bis(hexafluoroantimonate), bis(4-(diphenylsulfonyl)phenyl)sulfide bis(tetrafluoroborate), bis(4-(diphenylsulfonyl)phenyl)sulfide tetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate, diphenyl-4-(phenylthio)phenylthioonium hexafluorophosphate, diphenyl-4-(phenylthio)phenylthioonium hexafluoroantimonate, diphenyl-4-(phenylthio)phenylthioonium tetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate, diphenyl-4-(phenylthio)phenylthioonium tetra(pentafluorophenyl) Borates, triphenylthionium hexafluorophosphate, triphenylthionium hexafluoroantimonate, triphenylthionium tetrafluoroborate, triphenylthionium tetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate, bis(4-(di(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy))phenylsulfonyl)phenyl)sulfide bis(hexafluorophosphate), bis(4-(di(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy))phenylsulfonyl)phenyl)sulfide bis(hexafluoroantimonate), bis(4-(di(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy))phenylsulfonyl)phenyl)sulfide bis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, and / or bis(4-(di(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy))phenylsulfonyl)phenyl)sulfide tetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate, etc., but the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0109] Examples of onionoid or onionoid-type photopolymerization initiators including aromatic iodonium may include (e.g., diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate, diphenyliodonium hexafluoroantimonate, diphenyliodonium tetrafluoroborate, diphenyliodonium tetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate, bis(dodecylphenyl)iodonium hexafluorophosphate, bis(dodecylphenyl)iodonium hexafluoroantimonate, bis(dodecylphenyl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate, bis(dodecylphenyl)iodonium Examples of 4-methylphenyl-4-(1-methylethyl)phenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate, 4-methylphenyl-4-(1-methylethyl)phenyliodonium hexafluoroantimonate, 4-methylphenyl-4-(1-methylethyl)phenyliodonium tetrafluoroborate and / or 4-methylphenyl-4-(1-methylethyl)phenyliodonium tetrafluoroborate, etc., are disclosed, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0110] Examples of onium-type or onium-class photopolymerization initiators including aromatic diazonium may include (for example) phenyldiazonium hexafluorophosphate, phenyldiazonium hexafluoroantimonate, phenyldiazonium tetrafluoroborate and / or phenyldiazonium tetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate, etc., but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0111] Examples of onium-type or onium-type photopolymerization initiators including aromatic ammonium compounds may include (for example) 1-benzyl-2-cyanopyridinium hexafluorophosphate, 1-benzyl-2-cyanopyridinium hexafluoroantimonate, 1-benzyl-2-cyanopyridinium tetrafluoroborate, 1-benzyl-2-cyanopyridinium tetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate, 1-(naphthylmethyl)-2-cyanopyridinium hexafluorophosphate, 1-(naphthylmethyl)-2-cyanopyridinium hexafluoroantimonate, 1-(naphthylmethyl)-2-cyanopyridinium tetrafluoroborate and / or 1-(naphthylmethyl)-2-cyanopyridinium tetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate, etc., but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0112] Commercially available photopolymerization initiators may include (for example, may be), such as DTS-200 manufactured by Midori; UVI6990 or UVI6974 manufactured by Union Carbide; SP-150 or SP-170 manufactured by Adeca; FC-508 or FC-512 manufactured by 3M; Omnicat 250, Omnicat 261, Omnicat 270 and / or Omnicat 290 manufactured by IGM Resins; BLUESIL PI2074 manufactured by Bluestar Silicones; and / or CPI-100P, CPI-101A, CPI-200K and / or CPI-210S, etc., manufactured by SAN-APRO.

[0113] In embodiments, examples of thermal polymerization initiators are onium-type or onium-class (e.g., onium-based) thermal polymerization initiators, which include a cationic portion and an anionic portion (e.g., composed of a cationic portion and an anionic portion), wherein the cationic portion includes thionium, phosphonium, diazoonium, iodonium, and / or ammonium, and the anionic portion includes BF4, etc. - PF6 - and / or SbF6 - wait.

[0114] Examples of onium-type or onium-class thermal polymerization initiators including thionium may include (e.g.) triphenylthionium tetrafluoroborate, triphenylthionium hexafluoroantimonate, triphenylthionium hexafluoroarsenic, tri(4-methoxyphenyl)thionium hexafluoroarsenic and / or diphenyl(4-phenylphenylthio)thionium hexafluoroarsenic, etc., but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0115] Examples of onium-type or onium-class thermal polymerization initiators that include phosphorium may include (for example) ethyltriphenylphosphonium hexafluoroantimonate and / or tetrabutylphosphonium hexafluoroantimonate, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0116] Examples of ammonium-based or onium-type thermal polymerization initiators may include (e.g.) dimethylphenyl(4-methoxybenzyl)ammonium hexafluorophosphate, dimethylphenyl(4-methoxybenzyl)ammonium hexafluoroantimonate, dimethylphenyl(4-methoxybenzyl)ammonium tetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate, dimethylphenyl(4-methylbenzyl)ammonium hexafluorophosphate, dimethylphenyl(4-methylbenzyl)ammonium hexafluoroantimonate, dimethylphenyl(4-methylbenzyl)ammonium hexafluorotetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate, methylphenyl dibenzylammonium hexafluoroantimonate, Methylphenyl dibenzylammonium hexafluorophosphate, methylphenyl dibenzylammonium tetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate, phenyl tribenzylammonium tetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate, dimethylphenyl(3,4-dimethylbenzyl)ammonium tetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-dimethyl-N-benzylphenylammonium hexafluoroantimonate, N,N-diethyl-N-benzylphenylammonium tetrafluoroborate, N,N-dimethyl-N-benzylpyridinium hexafluoroantimonate and / or N,N-diethyl-N-benzylpyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, etc., but the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0117] Commercially available thermal polymerization initiators may include (for example, may be), such as Opton CP-66 and / or Opton CP-77 manufactured by ADEKA; SAN-AID SI-60, SAN-AID SI-80, SAN-AID SI-100, SAN-AID SI-110 and / or SAN-AID SI-180 manufactured by SANSHIN; and / or CXC-1612, CXC-1738 and / or CXC-1821 manufactured by KING INDUSTRIES.

[0118] In this embodiment, the ink composition may include a polymerization initiator containing thiodonium or iodonium as a polymerization initiator.

[0119] In one embodiment, based on 100 parts by weight of the ink composition, the amount of polymerization initiator can range from about 0.1 parts by weight to about 10 parts by weight, for example, from about 0.5 parts by weight to about 5 parts by weight. In one or more embodiments, based on 100 parts by weight of the first monomer and the second monomer, the amount of polymerization initiator can range from about 0.1 parts by weight to about 10 parts by weight, for example, from about 0.5 parts by weight to about 5 parts by weight. In one or more embodiments, based on 100 parts by weight of the first monomer to the third monomer, the amount of polymerization initiator can range from about 0.1 parts by weight to about 10 parts by weight, for example, from about 0.5 parts by weight to about 5 parts by weight. When the amount of polymerization initiator is within the above range, the working speed can be fast enough, and the non-uniformity of the film during excessively rapid curing reactions can be reduced.

[0120] In embodiments, the ink composition may include quantum dots. Quantum dots are not particularly limited, as long as they absorb and emit light, and examples of quantum dots may include: group II-VI semiconductor compounds; group III-V semiconductor compounds; group III-VI semiconductor compounds; group I-III-VI semiconductor compounds; group IV-VI semiconductor compounds; group IV elements or compounds; or any combination thereof.

[0121] Examples of group II-VI semiconductor compounds may include (for example, may be): binary compounds, such as CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe and / or MgS, etc.; ternary compounds, such as CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, C dZnSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe and / or MgZnS, etc.; quaternary compounds, such as CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe and / or HgZnSTe, etc.; or any combination thereof.

[0122] Examples of Group III-V semiconductor compounds may include (for example, may be): binary compounds, such as GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, and / or InSb; ternary compounds, such as GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InNP, InAlP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, and / or InPSb; quaternary compounds, such as GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, and / or InAlPSb; or any combination thereof. Group III-V semiconductor compounds may further include Group II elements. Examples of group III-V semiconductor compounds that further include group II elements may include (e.g.) InZnP, InGaZnP, and / or InAlZnP, etc.

[0123] Examples of group III-VI semiconductor compounds may include (for example, may be): binary compounds such as GaS, GaSe, Ga2Se3, GaTe, InS, InSe, In2S3, In2Se3 and / or InTe; ternary compounds such as InGaS3 and / or InGaSe3; or any combination thereof.

[0124] Examples of group I-III-VI semiconductor compounds may include (for example, may be): ternary compounds, such as AgInS, AgInS2, CuInS, CuInS2, CuGaO2, AgGaO2 and / or AgAlO2, etc.; or any combination thereof.

[0125] Examples of group IV-VI semiconductor compounds may include (for example, may be): binary compounds, such as SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe and / or PbTe; ternary compounds, such as SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe and / or SnPbTe; quaternary compounds, such as SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe and / or SnPbSTe; or any combination thereof.

[0126] Group IV elements or compounds may include: single elements, such as Si and / or Ge; binary compounds, such as SiC and / or SiGe; or any combination thereof.

[0127] Each element in a multi-component compound, such as a binary, ternary, and / or quaternary compound, may exist in its particles at a substantially uniform or non-substantially uniform concentration.

[0128] Quantum dots can have: homogeneous single structures; dual structures, such as core-shell and / or gradient structures; core-shell-shell triple structures; or hybrid structures thereof. For example, the materials included in the core and the materials included in the shell can be different from each other.

[0129] Examples of shells for quantum dots may include (e.g.) metal oxides, quasi-metal oxides, or non-metal oxides, semiconductor compounds, or any combination thereof. Examples of metal oxides, quasi-metal oxides, or non-metal oxides may include (e.g.) binary compounds, such as SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CoO, Co3O4, and / or NiO; ternary compounds, such as MgAl2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, and / or CoMn2O4; or any combination thereof. As described herein, examples of semiconductor compounds may include (e.g.) group II-VI semiconductor compounds; group III-V semiconductor compounds; group III-VI semiconductor compounds; group I-III-VI semiconductor compounds; group IV-VI semiconductor compounds; or any combination thereof.

[0130] In some embodiments, the core may include one or more materials selected from CdSe, CdS, InP, InGaP, ZnS, ZnSe, CdTe, CdSeTe, CdZnS, PbSe, AgInZnS and ZnO, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0131] In some embodiments, the shell may include one or more materials selected from CdSe, ZnSe, ZnS, ZnTe, CdTe, PbS, TiO, SrSe and HgSe, but the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0132] Quantum dots may include one or more ligands on their surface, and each of the one or more ligands may include one or more polar portions. Because the monomers included in the ink composition have relatively high polarity, homogeneous dispersion of quantum dots in the ink composition can be difficult when the polarity of the quantum dots is low. Therefore, to increase the polarity of the quantum dots, ligands comprising one or more polar portions can be utilized.

[0133] In one or more embodiments, the polar portion may include an alkylene group. In one or more embodiments, the polar portion may include a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group or a substituted or unsubstituted ethylene group. The substituents in the substituted alkylene group and the substituted ethylene group may be -CH3, -CH2CH3, -(CH2)2CH3, -CH(CH3)2, -(CH2)3CH3, and -(CH2)4CH3, etc.

[0134] In one or more embodiments, the polar portion may include methoxytetra(ethylene glycol). Ligands including a polar portion may include methoxytetra(ethylene glycol)propionic acid, phenoxytetra(ethylene glycol), and tetra(ethylene glycol)benzyl ether.

[0135] In an embodiment, the quantum dots and ligands may be chemically bonded via at least one group selected from hydroxyl, thiol, carboxyl, ester, and phosphate groups.

[0136] In an embodiment, the ligand may further include C1-C 20 Alkyl group (e.g., alkyl); C2-C 20 olefinic (e.g., alkenyl); C6-C 20 Aromatic groups (e.g., aryl); or C1-C 20 heteroaryl groups (e.g., heteroaryl groups).

[0137] Quantum dots can be prepared by including the following actions (e.g., steps): dispersing quantum dots (e.g., multiple quantum dots) comprising ligands having nonpolar portions on their surface in a nonpolar solvent; adding ligands comprising polar portions and stirring to mix the dispersion; and extracting the supernatant by centrifugation and drying it to obtain quantum dots comprising one or more ligands having one or more polar portions on their surface.

[0138] In an embodiment, the amount of quantum dots based on 100 parts by weight of ink composition may be in the range of about 20 parts by weight to 60 parts by weight, for example, about 25 parts by weight to about 50 parts by weight, or about 30 parts by weight to about 45 parts by weight.

[0139] In embodiments, the ink composition may further include a scatterer. The scatterer is not limited to any particular type, as long as it scatters and diffuses light not absorbed by the quantum dots and allows the scattered light to be absorbed again by the quantum dots. For example, the scatterer may increase the amount of light absorbed by the quantum dots, thereby increasing the light conversion efficiency of the color conversion layer.

[0140] In an embodiment, the scatterer may include multiple inorganic particles with different particle sizes.

[0141] In embodiments, the scatterer may include any one selected from BiFeO3, Fe2O3, WO3, TiO2, SiC, BaSO4, BaTiO3, ZnO, ZrO2, ZrO, Ta2O5, MoO3, TeO2, Nb2O5, Fe3O4, V2O5, Cu2O, BP, Al2O3, In2O3, SnO2, Sb2O3, CaCO3, and ITO, or any combination thereof.

[0142] In this embodiment, the average particle size of the scatterer can be in the range of about 150 nm to about 250 nm, for example, about 180 nm to about 230 nm. When the average particle size of the scatterer is within these ranges, the light scattering effect can be further improved, and the light conversion efficiency of the light conversion layer can be increased.

[0143] In an embodiment, the scatterer may have a refractive index greater than 1.5.

[0144] As described above, the scatterer may comprise inorganic particles of various suitable sizes to increase the refractive index of the scatterer. In this regard, the difference in refractive index between the scatterer and surrounding (e.g., peripheral) components may also be increased, and accordingly, the probability of total internal reflection of blue light may be increased, thereby increasing the absorption rate of blue light and improving the light conversion efficiency.

[0145] In this embodiment, based on 100 parts by weight of ink composition, the amount of scatterer can range from about 0.1 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight, for example, from about 1 part by weight to about 10 parts by weight. When the amount of scatterer is within these ranges, the use of scatterer can produce improved light conversion efficiency. Moreover, since scatterer is included in an appropriate or suitable proportion, light conversion efficiency is not reduced.

[0146] In embodiments, the ink composition may further include various suitable additives, and therefore, the ink composition may undergo various suitable modifications. In embodiments, the ink composition may include surfactants, adhesion promoters, sensitizers, stabilizers, or any combination thereof as additives.

[0147] In one or more embodiments, the ink composition may further include surfactants, such as fluorinated surfactants and / or silicone surfactants, to improve coating properties and leveling performance.

[0148] Fluorinated surfactants can have a weight-average molecular weight in the range of about 4,000 g / mol to about 10,000 g / mol, for example, about 6,000 g / mol to about 10,000 g / mol. Furthermore, fluorinated surfactants can have a surface tension in the range of about 18 mN / m to about 23 mN / m (measured in a 0.1% propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA) solution). When the weight-average molecular weight and surface tension of fluorinated surfactants are within these ranges, leveling properties can be further improved, the formation of blemishes during coating can be prevented or reduced, and relatively few bubbles and film defects are generated.

[0149] Commercially available fluorinated surfactants may include, for example, those manufactured by DIC. Product lines such as F-114, F-251, F-253, F-281, F-410, F-430, F-477, F-510, F-551, F-552, F-553, F-554, F-555, F-556, F-557, F-558, F-559, F-560, F-561, F-562, F-563, F-565, F-568, F-569, F-570, F-572, F-574, F-575, F-576, R-4, R-41, R-94, RS-56, RS-72-K, RS-75, RS-76-E, RS-76-NS, RS-78, RS-90 and / or DS-21; manufactured by 3M. Product lines, such as FC-135, FC-170C, FC-430, FC-431, FC-4430 and / or FC-4433; manufactured by AGC. Product lines such as S-211, S-221, S-231, S-232, S-241, S-242, S-243, S-420, S-431, S-386, S-611, S-647, S-651, S-653, S-656, S-658 and / or F693; and / or manufactured by DuPont. Product lines, such as FS-30, FS-65, FS-31, FS-3100, FS-34, FS-35, FS-50, FS-51, FS-60, FS-61, FS-63, FS-64, FS-81, FS-22 and / or FS-83; etc., but the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0150] For example, surfactants may include silicone surfactants. Commercially available silicone surfactants may include, for example, the DYNOL product line manufactured by EVONIK, such as DYNOL 360, DYNOL 604, DYNOL 607, DYNOL 800 and / or DYNOL 810, and the TEGO product line manufactured by the same company, such as Twin 4000, Twin4100 and / or Twin 4200; and / or BYK-300, BYK-301, BYK-302, BYK-306, BYK-307, BYK-310, BYK-313, BYK-315N, BYK-320, BYK-322, B manufactured by BYK Company YK-323, BYK-325N, BYK-326, BYK-327, BYK-329, BYK-330, BYK-331, BYK-332, BYK-333, BYK-342, BYK-345, BYK-346, BYK BYK-347, BYK-348, BYK-350, BYK-352, BYK-354, BYK-355, BYK-356, BYK-358N, BYK-359, BYK-360P, BYK-361N, BYK-364P, BYK-366P, BYK-368P, BYK-370, BYK-375, BYK-377, BYK-378, BYK-381, BYK-390, BYK-392 and / or BYK-394; etc., but the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0151] Based on 100 parts by weight of ink composition, the amount of surfactant can be in the range of about 0.01 parts by weight to about 5 parts by weight, for example, about 0.1 parts by weight to about 2 parts by weight.

[0152] In some embodiments, the ink composition may further include an adhesion promoter.

[0153] Adhesion promoters may include, for example, titanium-based adhesion promoters, such as acetylacetone titanium adhesion promoters, for example, those from Dorf Ketal. AA-75 AA-105 GBA and GBO, a titanium phosphate complex adhesion promoter, such as IAM; aluminum-based adhesion promoters, such as tri(acetylacetone)aluminum; or silane-based adhesion promoters.

[0154] Examples of silane adhesion promoters may include (for example, may be): epoxy silane adhesives, such as 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyl(dimethoxy)methylsilane and / or 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane; mercapto silane adhesives, such as 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane and / or 11-mercaptoundecyltrimethoxysilane; amino silane adhesives, such as 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyldimethoxymethylsilane, N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-methylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane The adhesives include silanes and / or N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyldimethoxymethylsilane; urea-based silane binders, such as 3-ureapropyltriethoxysilane; vinyl-based silane binders, such as vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane and / or vinylmethyldiethoxysilane; styrene-based silane binders, such as p-styrenetrimethoxysilane; acrylate-based silane binders, such as 3-acryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and / or 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane; isocyanate-based silane binders, such as 3-isocyanatepropyltrimethoxysilane; sulfide-based silane binders, such as bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide and / or bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide; phenyltrimethoxysilane; imidazole silane; and / or triazine silane; etc., but the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.Commercially available silane adhesion promoters may include (for example, may be), such as KBM-1003, KBE-1003, KBM-303, KBM-402, KBM-403, KBE-402, KBE-403, KBM-1403, KBM-502, KBM-503, KBE-502, KBE-503, KBM-5103, KBM602, KBM-603, KBM-903, KBE-903, KBE-9103P, KBM-573, K, manufactured by Shin Etsu Corporation. BM-575, KBE-585, KBE-9007N, KBM-9659, KBM-802 and / or KBM-803; SIA02000.0, SIS6964.0, SIA08591.0, SIS6964.0, SIB1824.5, SIA0591.0, SIT8192.6, SIG5840.0, SIB1834.0, SIE4668.0, SI manufactured by Gelest. A0599.2, SIC2295.5, SIB1833.0, SIA0611.0, SIG5840.0, SIB1140.0, SIB1833.0, SIS6990.0, SIB18 32.0, SIE4670.0, SIM6487.4, SIB1828.0, SIM6487.4, SIS6994.0, SIB1140.0, SIM6476.0, SIU9058.0 SII6455.0, SIT8717.0, SSP-055, SIA0780.0 and / or VEE-005; and / or SA6112C, SA1003O, SA0004O, SA3003O, SA4003O, SA1003M, SB1003M, SB1013E, SB1022M, SB2003M and / or SB3003M manufactured by KCC; etc., but the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0155] In one embodiment, based on 100 parts by weight of the ink composition, the amount of adhesion promoter can range from about 0.1 parts by weight to about 10 parts by weight, for example, from about 0.5 parts by weight to about 5 parts by weight. In one or more embodiments, based on the total amount of 100 parts by weight of the first monomer and the second monomer in the ink composition, the amount of adhesion promoter can range from about 0.1 parts by weight to about 10 parts by weight, for example, from about 0.5 parts by weight to about 5 parts by weight. In one or more embodiments, based on the total amount of 100 parts by weight of the first monomer, the second monomer, and the third monomer in the ink composition, the amount of adhesion promoter can range from about 0.1 parts by weight to about 10 parts by weight, for example, from about 0.5 parts by weight to about 5 parts by weight.

[0156] In this embodiment, the ink composition may further include a sensitizer. The sensitizer can further improve the polymerization initiation efficiency of the polymerization initiator and thus can be used to further accelerate the curing reaction of the ink composition.

[0157] Sensitizers can be used to enhance the curability of radiation with long wavelengths of 300 nm or longer. Sensitizers can be compounds that absorb light in the range of about 250 nm to about 405 nm, about 300 nm to about 405 nm, or about 350 nm to about 395 nm.

[0158] Examples of sensitizers may include (for example, may be): anthracene compounds, such as 9,10-dimethoxyanthracene, 9,10-diethoxyanthracene, 9,10-dibutoxyanthracene and / or 2-ethyl-9,10-dimethoxyanthracene; benzophenone compounds, such as 4,4-bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone, 4,4-bis(diethylamino)benzophenone, 2,4,6-trimethylaminobenzophenone, methyl o-benzoylbenzoate, 3,3-dimethyl-4-methoxybenzophenone and / or 3,3,4,4-tetra(tert-butylperoxycarbonyl)benzophenone; ketone compounds, such as dimethoxyacetophenone, diethoxyacetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1- Phenylpropane-1-one and / or acetone; fluorenones, such as 9-fluorenone, 2-chloro-9-fluorenone and / or 2-methyl-9-fluorenone; thioxanthones, such as thioxanthone, 2,4-diethylthioxanthone, 2-chlorothioxanthone, 1-chloro-4-propoxythioxanthone, isopropylthioxanthone (ITX) and / or diisopropylthioxanthone; xanthones, such as xanthone and / or 2-methylxanthone; anthraquinones, such as anthraquinone, 2-methylanthraquinone, 2-ethylanthraquinone, tert-butylanthraquinone and / or 2,6-dichloro-9,10-anthraquinone; acridines, such as 9-phenylacridine, 1,7-bis(9-acridyl)heptane, 1,5-bis(9-acridyl)heptane, etc. -Acridine)pentane and / or 1,3-bis(9-acridyl)propane; dicarbonyl compounds, such as benzyl 1,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo[2,2,1]heptane-2,3-dione and / or 9,10-phenanthrenequinone; phosphine oxides, such as 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl diphenylphosphine oxide and / or bis(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-2,4,4-trimethylpentylphosphine oxide; benzoate compounds, such as methyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate, ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate and / or 2-n-butoxyethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate; amino compounds, such as 2,5-bis(4-diethyl)benzoate. The present disclosure includes compounds such as 2,6-bis(4-diethylaminobenzyl)cyclohexanone, 2,6-bis(4-diethylaminobenzyl)-4-methyl-cyclopentanone; coumarin compounds such as 3,3-carbonylvinyl-7-(diethylamino)coumarin, 3-(2-benzothiazolyl)-7-(diethylamino)coumarin, 3-benzoyl-7-(diethylamino)coumarin and / or 3-benzoyl-7-methoxy-coumarin; chalcone compounds such as 4-diethylaminochalcone and / or 4-azidobenzylmethylacetophenone; and / or 3-methyl-β-naphthothiazoline; etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0159] Based on 100 parts by weight of the ink composition, the amount of sensitizer can range from about 0.05 parts by weight to about 3 parts by weight, for example, from about 0.1 parts by weight to about 1 part by weight. When the amount of sensitizer is within these ranges, it is sufficient to obtain a sensitizing effect, and light can penetrate deep into the ink composition.

[0160] In embodiments, the ink composition may further include stabilizers, such as antioxidants, ultraviolet (UV) absorbers, and / or anti-agglomeration agents. Stabilizers can be used to increase the shelf life of the ink composition.

[0161] Examples of antioxidants may include (for example) 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 1,3,5-tris[(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)methyl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione, [3-[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyloxy]-2,2-bis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl- [4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyloxymethyl]propyl]3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite, 4,4'-thiobis(2-tert-butyl-5-methylphenol), 2,2'-thiobis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) and / or 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, etc., but the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0162] Examples of UV absorbers may include, for example, 2-(3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, alkoxybenzophenone bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, 2-peroxyhydrogen-2-methylpropane, bis(3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate and / or 4-methylhexyl-3-[3-(benzotriazole-2-yl)-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionate, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0163] Examples of anti-agglomeration agents may include, for example, sodium polyacrylate, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0164] Based on 100 parts by weight of ink composition, the amount of stabilizer may be in the range of about 0.05 parts by weight to about 10 parts by weight, for example, about 0.1 parts by weight to about 5 parts by weight, or about 0.1 parts by weight to about 3 parts by weight.

[0165] At 25°C, the viscosity of the ink composition can be 80 mPa·s or less. For example, the viscosity can be in the range of about 1 mPa·s to about 80 mPa·s, or, for example, about 5 mPa·s to about 40 mPa·s. Ink compositions having viscosities in these ranges are suitable for manufacturing films according to solution processes, such as inkjet printing.

[0166] At room temperature, the surface tension of the ink composition can be in the range of about 10 dynes / cm to about 40 dynes / cm. Ink compositions with surface tension in this range are suitable for manufacturing films according to solution processes, such as inkjet printing.

[0167] The ink composition can pass through filters with a pore size of 20 μm or smaller, for example, 5 μm or smaller.

[0168] membrane

[0169] The film formed using the ink composition will be described in more detail below.

[0170] A film can be formed by curing the ink composition. For example, the film may include a cured product of the ink composition.

[0171] In an embodiment, the film can be formed by actions (e.g., steps) including: providing an ink composition on a substrate to form a pattern thereon; and curing the pattern.

[0172] In this embodiment, the ink composition can be provided to form a pattern using a solution process. Solution processes may include inkjet printing, spin coating, slot coating, drop casting, casting, gravure coating, bar coating, roller coating, dip coating, spraying, screen coating, flexographic printing, offset printing, or nozzle printing, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0173] In some embodiments, solution processing can be performed using inkjet printing, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, ink compositions can be provided on a substrate in the form of microdroplets using inkjet printing. In some embodiments, microdroplets of the ink composition can be sprayed onto a designated or predetermined area of ​​the substrate. In some embodiments, ink compositions can be provided on a substrate to a thickness ranging from about 0.5 μm to about 20 μm using inkjet printing.

[0174] Because the ink composition has excellent or adequate inkjet jet stability, the ink composition is suitable for use in inkjet printing.

[0175] For inkjet printing, an inkjet printer with an inkjet head can be used, which is equipped with a piezoelectric or piezoelectric nozzle that applies pressure according to voltage.

[0176] More specifically, the ink composition can be sprayed from the nozzle of the inkjet head onto the substrate.

[0177] Here, the spray volume of the ink composition can be in the range of about 1 pL / spray to about 80 pL / spray, for example, about 1 pL / spray to about 30 pL / spray, or about 1 pL / spray to about 20 pL / spray.

[0178] To minimize or reduce nozzle clogging and improve ejection accuracy, the inkjet head opening diameter can be in the range of about 5 μm to about 50 μm, for example, about 10 μm to about 30 μm, but the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0179] According to the shear rate meter, the ejection pressure of the inkjet head can reach approximately 1,000 s. -1 approximately 100,000s -1 The scope is within this range, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. In one embodiment, the shear rate during ejection at the inkjet head can be approximately 1,000 s. -1 approximately 100,000s -1 Within the range.

[0180] In order to (for example, consider) suppress the crystallization of materials included in the ink composition, the temperature of the inkjet head during ejection can be in the range of about 10°C to about 120°C, about 15°C to about 60°C, about 15°C to about 40°C, or about 20°C to about 35°C, but is not particularly limited.

[0181] In embodiments, the pattern can be cured by a photocuring process or a thermosetting process. However, when a heat-sensitive organic compound is adjacent to the pattern, a photocuring process may be preferred. In one or more embodiments, the pattern can be cured by irradiating light with an intensity in the range of about 1 W to about 500 W and / or a wavelength in the range of about 250 nm to about 450 nm, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0182] In some embodiments, the substrate may be an electrode of a light-emitting device, but the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0183] In an embodiment, the ink composition may be provided on the electrode to a thickness ranging from about 1 μm to about 100 μm, for example, from about 5 μm to about 20 μm.

[0184] electronic devices

[0185] The following section will describe electronic devices that include the aforementioned membranes.

[0186] Another embodiment of this disclosure provides an electronic device, including: a membrane; and a light-emitting device including a first electrode, a second electrode, and an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode.

[0187] In this embodiment, the electronic device may include a liquid crystal display device, an organic light-emitting display device, or an inorganic light-emitting display device.

[0188] For example, when an electronic device further includes a liquid crystal, the electronic device may be a liquid crystal display device. Here, the light-emitting device may act as a light source, and a film may be included on the outside of the light-emitting device and the liquid crystal to act as a color conversion component.

[0189] In one or more embodiments, when the interlayer of the light-emitting device includes an emitting layer, and the emitting layer comprises an organic material, the electronic device may be an organic light-emitting display device. Here, the light-emitting device may act as a light source, and a film may be included on the outside of the light-emitting device to act as a color conversion component.

[0190] In one or more embodiments, when the interlayer of the light-emitting device includes an emitting layer, and the emitting layer includes a film formed of an inorganic material (e.g., a film formed of quantum dots), the electronic device may be an inorganic light-emitting display device. Here, the light-emitting device may act as a light source, and the film (e.g., a film formed of an ink composition) may be included on the outside of the light-emitting device to act as a color conversion member.

[0191] In addition to the light-emitting device described above, the electronic device may further include a thin-film transistor. The thin-film transistor may include a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an active layer, wherein the source electrode or drain electrode may be electrically connected to a first electrode or a second electrode of the light-emitting device.

[0192] Thin-film transistors may further include gate electrodes and / or gate insulating films, etc.

[0193] The active layer may include crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, organic semiconductors and / or oxide semiconductors, etc.

[0194] The electronic device may further include a sealing portion for sealing the light-emitting device. The sealing portion allows light from the light-emitting device to be extracted to the outside, and simultaneously (e.g., synchronously) prevents or substantially prevents ambient air and moisture from penetrating into the light-emitting device. The sealing portion may be a sealing substrate comprising a transparent glass substrate and / or a plastic substrate. The sealing portion may be a thin-film encapsulation layer comprising organic layers and / or inorganic layers. When the sealing portion is a thin-film encapsulation layer, the electronic device may be flexible.

[0195] Depending on the application of the electronic device, various suitable functional layers may be additionally arranged on the sealed portion. Examples of functional layers may include, for example, color filters, color conversion layers, touchscreen layers, and / or polarizing layers. Touchscreen layers may be pressure-sensitive touchscreen layers, capacitive touchscreen layers, and / or infrared touchscreen layers.

[0196] Figure 1 Description

[0197] The following text will refer to Figure 1 The electronic device 3 according to the embodiment is described in more detail.

[0198] The electronic device 3 includes a light-emitting device 320 and a first substrate 340.

[0199] The film may be included on the outside of the light-emitting device 320 (i.e., on the first electrode 321 and / or the second electrode 323). For example, the film may be disposed on a first substrate 340 on the outside of the light-emitting device 320. The first substrate 340 may serve as a color conversion component, and the light-emitting device 320 may serve as a light source.

[0200] The light-emitting device 320 may include a first electrode 321, a second electrode 323, and an interlayer 322 between the first electrode 321 and the second electrode 323.

[0201] Electronic device 3 may be an organic light-emitting display device. In this regard, the light-emitting device 320 may include an organic emitting layer in the interlayer 322.

[0202] A pixel defining layer 330 may be disposed on the first electrode 321. The pixel defining layer 330 exposes a defined area or predetermined area of ​​the first electrode 321, and an interlayer 322 may be disposed on the exposed area.

[0203] In one embodiment, a region 341 of the first substrate 340 may include a film. Here, the first substrate 340 may be arranged in the direction of light travel emitted from the light-emitting device 320. For example, the film may be arranged outside the light-emitting device 320 and in the direction of light travel emitted from the light-emitting device 320.

[0204] The film can absorb a first-color light and emit a second-color light. Accordingly, the first substrate 340 can be designed to absorb the first-color light and emit a second-color light selected from a wide color range.

[0205] In one embodiment, the first substrate 340 may further include a scatterer.

[0206] In an embodiment, the first substrate 340 may include a plurality of sub-pixel regions spaced apart from each other. The first substrate 340 may include: a first region emitting a first-color light; a second region emitting a second-color light; and / or a third region emitting a third-color light, wherein the first region, the second region, and / or the third region correspond to each of the plurality of sub-pixel regions, and the first-color light, the second-color light, and / or the third-color light may have different maximum emission wavelengths from each other. For example, the first-color light may be red light, the second-color light may be green light, and the third-color light may be blue light. At least one of the first to third regions may correspond to a region 341. Other regions among the first to third regions that do not correspond to a region 341 may be another region. The other region may not include (e.g., may exclude) a film and may transmit light from different light-emitting devices.

[0207] In one embodiment, the first region may include red quantum dots, the second region may include green quantum dots, and the third region may not include (e.g., may exclude) quantum dots. The first, second, and / or third regions may each further include a scatterer. Here, the third region may transmit light from the light-emitting device.

[0208] In one embodiment, the light-emitting device emits first light, a first region absorbs the first light and emits first-first-color light, a second region absorbs the first light and emits second-first-color light, and a third region absorbs the first light and emits third-first-color light. Here, the first-first-color light, the second-first-color light, and the third-first-color light may have different maximum emission wavelengths. For example, the first light may be blue light, the first-first-color light may be red light, the second-first-color light may be green light, and the third-first-color light may be blue light.

[0209] In an embodiment, the first substrate 340 may further include a light-shielding pattern 344 between one region 341 and another region.

[0210] In an embodiment, the electronic device 3 may further include a second substrate 310.

[0211] Figure 2 Description

[0212] The following text will refer to Figure 2 The electronic device 4 according to the embodiment is described in more detail.

[0213] The electronic device 4 includes a first substrate 410 and a light-emitting device 420.

[0214] The light-emitting device 420 includes a first electrode 421, a second electrode 423, and an interlayer 422 between the first electrode 421 and the second electrode 423. A pixel defining layer 430 may be disposed on the first electrode 421. The pixel defining layer 430 exposes a defined area or predetermined area of ​​the first electrode 421, and the interlayer 422 may be disposed on the exposed area.

[0215] The membrane may be included in the interlayer 422, for example, in the emission layer included in the interlayer 422.

[0216] When an electric field is applied between the first electrode 421 and the second electrode 423, the film can emit visible light. Accordingly, the light-emitting device 420 can be designed to emit light with wavelengths having a wide color gamut.

[0217] The interlayer 422 may further include an auxiliary layer between the emitter layer and the first electrode 421 and / or between the emitter layer and the second electrode 423. The auxiliary layer may directly contact the emitter layer. The auxiliary layer may improve the thin film characteristics of the emitter layer.

[0218] The interlayer 422 may further include a first charge transport region between the emitter layer and the first electrode 421 and / or a second charge transport region between the emitter layer and the second electrode 423.

[0219] Figure 3 Description

[0220] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the light-emitting device 10. The light-emitting device 10 includes a first electrode 110, a sandwich layer 130, and a second electrode 150.

[0221] The following text will refer to Figure 3 The structure and manufacturing method of the light-emitting device 10 are described in more detail.

[0222] First electrode 110

[0223] exist Figure 3 In this case, the substrate may be arranged below the first electrode 110 or on the second electrode 150.

[0224] The first electrode 110 can be formed, for example, by depositing or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode 110 onto a substrate. When the first electrode 110 is an anode, the material used to form the first electrode 110 can be a high work function material that facilitates hole injection.

[0225] mezzanine 130

[0226] The interlayer 130 is disposed on the first electrode 110. The interlayer 130 may include an emitter layer.

[0227] The interlayer 130 refers to a single layer and / or multiple layers arranged between the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 150 in the light-emitting device 10. The material included in the interlayer 130 may be an organic material and / or an inorganic material.

[0228] The interlayer 130 may further include a hole transport region between the first electrode 110 and the emitter layer, and an electron transport region between the emitter layer and the second electrode 150.

[0229] In addition to various suitable organic materials, the interlayer 130 may further include metal-containing compounds (such as organometallic compounds) and / or inorganic materials (such as quantum dots).

[0230] In an embodiment, the interlayer 130 may include: i) two or more emitting units stacked sequentially between the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 150; and ii) a charge generation layer disposed between the two or more emitting units. When the interlayer 130 includes two or more emitting units and a charge generation layer as described above, the light-emitting device 10 may be a series light-emitting device.

[0231] Hole transport region in interlayer 130

[0232] The hole transport region may have: i) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer made of a single material; ii) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer comprising multiple different materials (e.g., composed of multiple different materials); or iii) a multi-layer structure comprising multiple layers comprising different materials.

[0233] The hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission assist layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof.

[0234] For example, the hole transport region may have a multilayer structure including a hole injection layer / hole transport layer structure, a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole injection layer / emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole transport layer / emission auxiliary layer structure, or a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / electron blocking layer structure, wherein the constituent layers of each structure are stacked sequentially from the first electrode 110 in their respective described order.

[0235] The thickness of the hole transport region can be approximately to approximately For example, about to approximately Within the range. When the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, or any combination thereof, the thickness of the hole injection layer can be approximately... to approximately For example, about to approximately Within a certain range, and the thickness of the hole transport layer can be approximately... to approximately For example, about to approximately Within these ranges, when the thicknesses of the hole transport region, hole injection layer, and hole transport layer are within these ranges, satisfactory hole transport characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0236] emission layer in interlayer 130

[0237] When the light-emitting device 10 is a full-color light-emitting device, the emitting layer may include multiple emitting layers that emit light of different colors according to individual sub-pixels.

[0238] For example, based on individual sub-pixels, the emission layer can be patterned as a first color emission layer that emits a first color light, a second color emission layer that emits a second color light, and a third color emission layer that emits a third color light.

[0239] In an embodiment, at least one of the first to third color emitting layers may comprise a film formed using an ink composition. For example, the first color emitting layer may be an inorganic emitting layer comprising quantum dots, and the second and third color emitting layers may each be an organic emitting layer comprising an organic compound. In this regard, the first to third color lights may be different from each other, and for example, may have different maximum emission wavelengths. White light can be produced when the first to third color lights are combined with each other.

[0240] In one or more embodiments, the first color emission layer, the second color emission layer, and the third color emission layer may each be an organic emission layer comprising an organic compound.

[0241] In one or more embodiments, the emitting layer may further include a fourth-color emitting layer that emits a fourth color light, and at least one of the first to fourth color emitting layers may be an inorganic emitting layer comprising quantum dots, and the other emitting layers may each be an organic emitting layer comprising an organic compound. Therefore, various other suitable modifications can be provided. In this regard, the first to fourth color lights may be different colors of light, and for example, the first to fourth color lights may have different maximum emission wavelengths from each other. White light can be produced when the first to fourth color lights are combined with each other.

[0242] In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting device may have a stacked structure in which two or more emitting layers emitting the same or different colors of light are in contact with or separated from each other. At least one of the two or more emitting layers may be an inorganic emitting layer comprising quantum dots, and the other emitting layers may each be an organic emitting layer comprising an organic compound. Therefore, various other suitable modifications may be provided. In some embodiments, the light-emitting device may include a first color emitting layer and a second color emitting layer, wherein the first color and the second color may be the same as or different from each other. For example, when the first color and the second color are the same as each other, the first color and the second color may each be blue. For example, when the first color and the second color are different from each other, the first color and the second color may be combined to produce white light. For example, when the first color and the second color are different from each other, the first color may be blue, and the second color may be green or red.

[0243] When the emission layer is an organic emission layer, the emission layer may include a host and a dopant. The dopant may include phosphorescent dopant, fluorescent dopant, delayed fluorescence dopant, or any combination thereof.

[0244] The amount of the substrate in the emitter layer can be greater than the amount of the dopant in the emitter layer. In an embodiment, based on 100 parts by weight of the substrate, the amount of the dopant in the emitter layer can range from about 0.01 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight.

[0245] When the emission layer is an inorganic emission layer, it may include quantum dots. In some embodiments, the emission layer may include a film formed using an ink composition.

[0246] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may include a delayed fluorescence material. The delayed fluorescence material may act as a host or dopant in the emission layer, and depending on the purpose, may be a delayed fluorescence host or a delayed fluorescence dopant.

[0247] The thickness of the emission layer can be approximately to approximately For example, about to approximately Within these ranges, when the thickness of the emitting layer is within these ranges, excellent or adequate luminescent characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0248] Electron transport region in interlayer 130

[0249] The electron transport region may have: i) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer made of a single material, ii) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer comprising a variety of different materials (e.g., composed of a variety of different materials), or iii) a multi-layer structure comprising multiple layers comprising different materials.

[0250] The electron transport region may include a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

[0251] For example, the electron transport region may have an electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, a hole blocking layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, an electron control layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, or a buffer layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, wherein the constituent layers of each structure are stacked sequentially from the emission layer in the order described herein.

[0252] The thickness of the electron transport region can be approximately to approximately For example, about to approximately Within the range. When the electron transport region includes a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, or any combination thereof, the thickness of the buffer layer, hole blocking layer, and / or electron control layer may be approximately [missing information]. to approximately For example, about to approximately Within a certain range, and the thickness of the electron transport layer can be approximately... to approximately For example, about to approximately Within these ranges, satisfactory electron transport characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage when the thickness of the buffer layer, hole blocking layer, electron control layer, electron transport layer, and / or electron transport region is within these ranges.

[0253] Second electrode 150

[0254] The second electrode 150 is disposed on the aforementioned interlayer 130. The second electrode 150 may be a cathode serving as an electron injection electrode, and the material used to form the second electrode 150 may be a metal, alloy, conductive compound, or any combination thereof, each having a low work function.

[0255] The second electrode 150 may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure including multiple layers.

[0256] Capping layer

[0257] The first capping layer may be disposed outside the first electrode 110 (e.g., on the side opposite to the side facing the second electrode 150) and / or the second capping layer may be disposed outside the second electrode 150 (e.g., on the side opposite to the side facing the first electrode 110). In some embodiments, the light-emitting device 10 may have a structure in which the first capping layer, the first electrode 110, the interlayer 130, and the second electrode 150 are stacked sequentially in the described order, or a structure in which the first capping layer, the first electrode 110, the interlayer 130, the second electrode 150, and the second capping layer are stacked sequentially in the described order, or a structure in which the first capping layer, the first electrode 110, the interlayer 130, the second electrode 150, and the second capping layer are stacked sequentially in the described order.

[0258] In one embodiment, light generated in the emitting layer of the interlayer 130 of the light-emitting device 10 can be extracted (e.g., emitted) to the outside through a first electrode 110, which serves as a semi-transparent electrode or a transmissive electrode, and a first capping layer. In one or more embodiments, light generated in the emitting layer of the interlayer 130 of the light-emitting device 10 can be extracted (e.g., emitted) to the outside through a second electrode 150, which serves as a semi-transparent electrode or a transmissive electrode, and a second capping layer.

[0259] Based on the principle of constructive interference, the first and second capping layers can increase the external emission efficiency. Correspondingly, the light extraction efficiency of the light-emitting device 10 can be increased, thereby also improving the luminous efficiency of the light-emitting device 10.

[0260] Each of the first capping layer and the second capping layer may include (at 589 nm) a material having a refractive index of 1.6 or greater.

[0261] The first capping layer and the second capping layer can each be an organic capping layer including organic materials, an inorganic capping layer including inorganic materials, or an organic-inorganic composite capping layer including both organic and inorganic materials.

[0262] electronic devices

[0263] The light-emitting device can be included in a variety of suitable electronic devices. In embodiments, the electronic device including the light-emitting device may be a display device, a light-emitting device, and / or an authentication device, etc.

[0264] In addition to the light-emitting device, the electronic device (e.g., the light-emitting device) may further include: i) a color filter, ii) a color conversion layer, or iii) both a color filter and a color conversion layer (e.g., including both a color filter and a color conversion layer). The color filter and / or the color conversion layer may be arranged in at least one direction of travel of the light emitted from the light-emitting device. For example, the light emitted from the light-emitting device may be blue light or white light. The details of the light-emitting device are the same as described herein. In embodiments, the color conversion layer may include quantum dots and may be a film formed using the ink composition described above.

[0265] The electronic device may include a first substrate. The first substrate may include a plurality of sub-pixel regions, the color filter may include a plurality of color filter regions corresponding to the plurality of sub-pixel regions, and the color conversion layer may include a plurality of color conversion regions corresponding to the plurality of sub-pixel regions.

[0266] A pixel-defining film can be arranged between multiple sub-pixel regions to define each of the multiple sub-pixel regions.

[0267] The color filter may further include a plurality of color filter areas and a light-blocking pattern arranged between the plurality of color filter areas, and the color conversion layer may further include a plurality of color conversion areas and a light-blocking pattern arranged between the plurality of color conversion areas.

[0268] In addition to the light-emitting device described above, the electronic device may further include a thin-film transistor. The thin-film transistor may include a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an active layer, wherein the source electrode or drain electrode may be electrically connected to a first electrode or a second electrode of the light-emitting device.

[0269] Thin-film transistors may further include gate electrodes and / or gate insulating films, etc.

[0270] The active layer may include crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, organic semiconductors and / or oxide semiconductors, etc.

[0271] The electronic device may further include a sealing portion for sealing the light-emitting device. The sealing portion may be disposed between the color filter and the light-emitting device and / or between the color conversion layer and the light-emitting device. The sealing portion allows light from the light-emitting device to be extracted (e.g., emitted) to the outside, while simultaneously (or synchronously) preventing or substantially preventing ambient air and moisture from penetrating into the light-emitting device. The sealing portion may be a sealing substrate comprising a transparent glass substrate or a plastic substrate. The sealing portion may be a thin-film encapsulation layer comprising organic layers and / or inorganic layers. When the sealing portion is a thin-film encapsulation layer, the electronic device may be flexible.

[0272] Depending on the intended use of the electronic device, various suitable functional layers may be additionally arranged on the sealed portion, in addition to color filters and / or color conversion layers. Examples of functional layers may include (e.g., a touchscreen layer and / or a polarizing layer). The touchscreen layer may be a pressure-sensitive touchscreen layer, a capacitive touchscreen layer, or an infrared touchscreen layer. The authentication device may be, for example, a biometric authentication device that authenticates an individual by utilizing biometric information from a living organism (e.g., fingertips and / or pupils).

[0273] In addition to the aforementioned light-emitting device, the certification device may further include a bioassay information collector.

[0274] Electronic devices can be applied to a variety of suitable displays, light sources, lighting (e.g., lighting equipment), personal computers (e.g., mobile personal computers), mobile phones, digital cameras, electronic notebooks, electronic dictionaries, video game consoles, medical tools (e.g., electronic thermometers, blood pressure monitors, blood glucose meters, pulse measuring devices, pulse wave measuring devices, electrocardiogram displays, ultrasound diagnostic devices and / or endoscopic displays), fish finders, a variety of suitable measuring tools, instruments (e.g., instruments for vehicles, aircraft and / or ships) and / or projectors, etc.

[0275] Manufacturing method

[0276] By utilizing various appropriate methods such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Brookett (LB) deposition, inkjet printing, laser printing, and / or laser-induced thermal imaging, layers including hole transport regions, emission regions, and electron transport regions can be formed in specific areas.

[0277] When forming layers including hole transport regions, emitter regions, and electron transport regions by vacuum deposition, the deposition temperature can range from about 100°C to about 500°C, depending on the material to be included in the layers to be formed and the structure of the layers to be formed. -8 To about 10 -3 The vacuum level and range of Tor are approximately / seconds to approximately Deposition was carried out at a deposition rate of / second.

[0278] Example

[0279] Preparation Example 1: Preparation of quantum dots containing ligands on their surface

[0280] Following reference to Chem. Mater. 2017, 29, 6893-6899, section 2.2 (the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety), a dispersion comprising InP / ZnSe / ZnS quantum dots was prepared. The dispersion was centrifuged twice (each time using acetone and ethanol) and then vacuum dried to obtain a powder of InP / ZnSe / ZnS quantum dots comprising oleic acid ligands on its surface.

[0281] 100 g of the above-mentioned quantum dot powder was dissolved in a solution containing 125 g of toluene and 125 g of hexane, and 30 g of methoxytetra(ethylene glycol)propionic acid, as a ligand including the polar moiety, was added. The reaction temperature was then raised to 80 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere and maintained at this temperature for 15 hours to obtain quantum dots with ligands on their surface. Hexane was added to the resulting quantum dots with ligands on their surface, and the mixture was centrifuged to precipitate them. The precipitate was purified and redispersed in acetone. Excess hexane was added again for precipitation, and the precipitate was then purified and dried. Figure 4 The image shown is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of quantum dots containing ligands on their surface, obtained in this way.

[0282] Preparation Example 2: Preparation of Scattering Dispersion

[0283] 50 parts by weight of titanium dioxide pigment particles with an average particle size of 170 nm as scattering particles, 45 parts by weight of OXT-221 (manufactured by TOAGOSEI) as the second monomer, and 5 parts by weight of EFKA (manufactured by BASF) as the dispersant were added to a bead mill and stirred for 4 hours to prepare a scattering dispersion, i.e., a titanium dioxide dispersion.

[0284] Preparation Example 3: Preparation of ink compositions of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5

[0285] The quantum dots, which include ligands on their surface, prepared according to Preparation Example 1, the first monomer, the second monomer, the third monomer, the photopolymerization initiator, the scatterer dispersion prepared according to Preparation Example 2, and other components were added at the ratios shown in Tables 1 and 2, and mixed using a mixer to prepare the ink compositions of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5.

[0286] Table 1

[0287]

[0288]

[0289] Table 2

[0290]

[0291] In Tables 1 and 2, the values ​​in parentheses represent the content in parts by weight.

[0292] In Tables 1 and 2, the symbols and letters represent the following:

[0293] A1: Quantum dots prepared by the method of Preparation Example 1; AX: Quantum dots having oleic acid ligands on their surface;

[0294] B1: Celloxide 2021P (manufactured by Daicell); B2: Neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether (manufactured by Kukdo Finechem Ltd.); B3: OXT-221 (manufactured by TOAGOSEI);

[0295] B4: Ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (manufactured by Kukdofine Chem Ltd.); B5: OXT-121 (manufactured by TOAGOSEI);

[0296] C1: OMNICAT 270 (manufactured by IGM Resins); C2: OMNIRAD 819 (manufactured by IGM Resins);

[0297] E1: Titanium dioxide dispersion prepared by the method of Example 2;

[0298] F1: MEGAFACE F-552 (manufactured by DIC);

[0299] G1: KBM-403 (manufactured by Shin Etsu);

[0300] H1: 9,10-Dimethoxyanthracene (manufactured by Merck);

[0301] I1: 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (manufactured by Merck);

[0302] J1: Hexanediol diacrylate (manufactured by Miwon Commercial Ltd.); J2: Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku); and

[0303] J3: Phoret ZAH-106 (manufactured by Soken) comprises 65 parts by weight of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate solvent.

[0304] Evaluation Example

[0305] Viscosity, storage stability, light conversion efficiency, light absorption rate, adhesion, degassing, and detack time were measured for each ink composition, and the results are shown in Table 3. Here, viscosity, storage stability, light conversion efficiency, light absorption rate, adhesion, degassing, and detack time were measured by the respective methods described:

[0306] (1) Viscosity measurement

[0307] The viscosity of each ink composition of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 was measured at room temperature (25°C) using a viscometer (Brookfeld model DV-II with RV-2 rotating shaft).

[0308] (2) Measurement of storage stability

[0309] Using a viscometer (Brookfeld model DV-II with RV-2 shaft), the initial viscosity (e.g., viscosity of freshly prepared ink compositions) of each ink composition in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 was measured at room temperature (25°C). The ink compositions were then stored at room temperature (25°C) for 4 weeks in a UV-shielded environment while being stirred with a shaker. The viscosity of each ink composition was then measured again at room temperature (25°C), and the change in viscosity over time was observed. Here, viscosity changes within 10% are represented by ○, and viscosity changes of 10% or greater are represented by X.

[0310] (3) Measurement of light conversion efficiency and light absorption rate

[0311] Using a spin coater, each ink composition of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 was applied to a display glass substrate with dimensions of 50 mm (width) × 50 nm (length) × 0.5 mm (thickness) to a thickness of 10 μm by adjusting the rotation speed. Then, in an atmospheric environment, a film was formed by irradiating the glass substrate with ultraviolet light of wavelength 395 nm and curing the ink composition. The glass substrate was cut so that the central portion of the film had dimensions of 20 mm (width) × 20 mm (length). Afterwards, the blue light conversion efficiency was measured. Here, the blue light conversion efficiency was measured using an integral hemispherical film type or integral hemispherical film type measuring instrument (manufactured by Otsuka). More specifically, blue light with a wavelength range of approximately 450 nm to approximately 460 nm was applied to the film formed using the ink composition, and all upward-emitted green light was captured and calculated as an integral value. Then, relative to the decrease in the amount of absorbed blue light, the increase in the amount of converted green light is calculated to measure the light conversion efficiency (increased amount of green light / decreased amount of blue light). Simultaneously, the blue light absorption rate is also measured using the same measuring instrument. Here, a light conversion efficiency of 30% or greater is represented by ○, a light conversion efficiency of less than 30% is represented by X, a light absorption rate of 90% or greater is represented by ○, and a light absorption rate of less than 90% is represented by X.

[0312] (4) Measurement of adhesion

[0313] Using a spin coater, each ink composition of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 was applied to a display glass substrate with dimensions of 50 mm (width) × 50 nm (length) × 0.5 mm (thickness) to a thickness of 10 μm by adjusting the rotation speed. A film was then formed by irradiating the glass substrate with ultraviolet light at a wavelength of 395 nm. After exposing the film to ultraviolet light for 5 minutes, a cross-cut test (according to ASTM-D3359) was performed on it. More specifically, 11 horizontal lines and 11 vertical lines were drawn on the sample at 1 mm intervals with a knife to form 100 square grids, each grid having dimensions of 1 mm (width) × 1 mm (length). A piece of 610 Scotch tape (manufactured by 3M) was then applied to the surface forming the grid. When the tape was peeled off, the condition of the detached grid surface was measured and evaluated according to the following standards.

[0314] Adhesion assessment according to ASTM-D3359

[0315] 5B: No flaking surface (e.g., no ink film flaking off the glass substrate surface)

[0316] 4B: The area of ​​the detached surface (e.g., the area of ​​ink film detached from the glass substrate surface) is less than 5% of the total area.

[0317] 3B: The area of ​​the detached surface (e.g., the area of ​​ink film detached from the glass substrate surface) is in the range of 5% to 15% of the total area.

[0318] 2B: The area of ​​the detached surface (e.g., the area of ​​ink film detached from the surface of the glass substrate) is in the range of 15% to 35% of the total area.

[0319] 1B: The area of ​​the detached surface (e.g., the area of ​​ink film detached from the surface of the glass substrate) is in the range of 35% to 65% of the total area.

[0320] 0B: Almost all surfaces have peeled off (e.g., almost the entire ink film has peeled off the glass substrate surface).

[0321] Regarding the adhesion assessment results, adhesion assessment results of 3B or higher are represented by ○, adhesion assessment results between 2B and 1B are represented by △, and adhesion assessment results of 0B are represented by X.

[0322] (5) Measurement of degassing

[0323] 10 mg of each ink composition of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 was sealed in vials, cured by UV irradiation, and heated at 180°C for 30 minutes in an HSS-GC apparatus (manufactured by Agilent). The degassing was then quantified by gas chromatography, and the quantified value was calculated in ppm by toluene conversion. Quantified values ​​of 500 ppm or less were represented by ○, quantified values ​​between 500 ppm and 1,000 ppm were represented by △, and quantified values ​​greater than 1,000 ppm were represented by X.

[0324] (6) Measurement of de-sticking time

[0325] In air, with 1 J / cm 2 UV, at 1,000 mW / cm 2 Each ink composition of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 2 and 3 was irradiated with UV light, and the detack time of the cured compositions was measured. First, each ink composition was spin-coated to a thickness of 10 μm and cured by UV irradiation as described above. Immediately after the curing process was completed, the surface of the film formed using the ink composition was touched, and the detack time was defined as the time from the completion of the curing process until sufficient curing was achieved, resulting in the disappearance of tack and the absence of any ink composition residue. The detack time of each ink composition was measured. Immediate detack time (less than 1 second) was classified as Grade ◎, detack time less than 1 minute was classified as Grade ○, detack time of 5 minutes or longer was classified as Grade △, and detack time of 30 minutes or longer was classified as Grade X.

[0326] When each ink composition of Comparative Examples 4 and 5 was irradiated with UV light in air, the surface curing of the ink compositions was poor, and therefore these ink compositions received grade X. However, when the ink composition of Comparative Example 4 was irradiated with UV light in a nitrogen atmosphere, curing proceeded smoothly.

[0327] Table 3

[0328]

[0329]

[0330] In Table 3, * indicates the value when curing is performed in a nitrogen atmosphere.

[0331] As described above, according to one or more embodiments, an electronic device with high efficiency and / or high color purity can be provided. The scope of this disclosure is not limited by these effects.

[0332] It should be understood that the embodiments described herein are to be considered in a descriptive sense only and are not intended for limiting purposes. The description of features or aspects in each embodiment should generally be considered as applicable to other similar features or aspects. Although one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will understand that various suitable changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An ink composition comprising: Quantum dot, wherein the quantum dot comprises one or more ligands on its surface; The first monomer comprises one or more epoxy groups; The second monomer comprises one or more oxecyclobutane groups; and The third monomer comprises one or more epoxy groups. The one or more ligands mentioned above include one or more polar portions. The first monomer is represented by Equation 1-1. The third monomer is represented by formula 1-2, and Based on 100 parts by weight of the first monomer, the amount of the third monomer is in the range of 20 parts by weight to 500 parts by weight: Equation 1-1 ， Formula 1-2 ， Among them, in Equations 1-1 and 1-2, A 11 For C1-C 20 Alkyl or C2-C 20 alkenyl, A 12 It is a cyclic C3-C 20 Alkyl or cyclic C3-C 20 alkenyl, L 11 for 、*-O-*' or , a11 can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. R 11 To R 15 Each can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, or C1-C. 20 alkyl, b11 is an integer selected from 1 to 12. n11 is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, and * and *' each indicate the binding site with the adjacent atom.

2. The ink composition according to claim 1, wherein the first monomer comprises 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 epoxy groups, and the second monomer comprises 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 oxobutyl groups.

3. The ink composition according to claim 1, wherein the second monomer is represented by formula 2-1 or formula 2-2: Equation 2-1 ， Equation 2-2 ,and in, In equations 2-1 and 2-2, A 21 For C1-C 20 Alkyl; C2-C 20 alkenyl; or C6-C 20 Aryl, A 22 It is a cyclic C3-C 20 Alkyl or cyclic C3-C 20 alkenyl, L 21 for 、*-O-*' or , a21 can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. R 21 To R 27 Each can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, or C1-C. 20 alkyl, b21 is an integer selected from 1 to 12. n21 is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, and * and *' each indicate the binding site with the adjacent atom.

4. The ink composition of claim 1, wherein, based on 100 parts by weight of the ink composition, the amount of the first monomer is 20 parts by weight or more and less than 70 parts by weight, and based on 100 parts by weight of the ink composition, the amount of the second monomer is 5 parts by weight or more and less than 90 parts by weight.

5. The ink composition according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the second monomer is in the range of 20 parts by weight to 350 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the first monomer.

6. The ink composition according to claim 1, wherein the ink composition has a viscosity of 80 mPa·s or less at 25°C.

7. The ink composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more polar portions comprise alkylene oxides.

8. The ink composition according to claim 1, wherein the one or more ligands and the quantum dots are chemically bonded via at least one group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, mercapto, carboxyl, ester, and phosphate groups.

9. The ink composition according to claim 1, wherein the one or more ligands comprise C1-C 20 Alkyl; C2-C 20 alkenyl; C6-C 20 Aryl; or C1-C 20 Mixed aromatic compounds.

10. The ink composition of claim 1, further comprising a polymerization initiator, wherein the polymerization initiator comprises thionium or iodine.

11. The ink composition of claim 1, wherein, based on 100 parts by weight of the ink composition, the ink composition further comprises less than 2 parts by weight of solvent.

12. An electronic device, comprising: A film formed using the ink composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11; and A light-emitting device, the light-emitting device comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, and an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode.

13. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the film is located outside the light-emitting device and in the direction of travel of light emitted from the light-emitting device.

14. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein the first region of the film comprises the quantum dot, and The quantum dot absorbs a first-color light and emits a second-color light.

15. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein the film further comprises a second region different from the first region, and the second region comprises a scatterer and does not include the quantum dot.

16. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the interlayer comprises the membrane.

17. The electronic device of claim 12, further comprising a thin-film transistor, wherein... The thin-film transistor includes a source electrode and a drain electrode, and the first electrode of the light-emitting device is electrically connected to the source electrode or the drain electrode of the thin-film transistor.

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