Method, mechanism, storage medium and electronic device for detecting a vacuum leak

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a method for detecting vacuum leakage in an engine test phase, the vacuum pump system being capable of being arranged in an engine and comprising a vacuum pump, a pipe leading from the vacuum pump, the pipe being capable of being connected to or disconnected from the ambient atmosphere, wherein the method comprises the following steps: disconnecting the pipe from the ambient atmosphere at an initial time To in the test phase and acquiring an initial pressure P0 in the pipe; connecting the pipe to the ambient atmosphere and disconnecting it continuously n times, n > 3, from the first time T1, and acquiring a pressure-time curve in the pipe; determining whether there is vacuum leakage based on the acquired pressure-time curve. The present disclosure also relates to a mechanism for detecting vacuum leakage in an engine test phase, a computer-readable storage medium and an electronic device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to methods and mechanisms for detecting vacuum leaks during engine testing, as well as computer-readable storage media and electronic devices. Background Technology

[0002] The braking systems of passenger cars and light commercial vehicles primarily use hydraulic pressure as the transmission medium, requiring a power assist system to help the driver brake. Currently, vacuum-assisted servo braking systems, also known as vacuum booster systems, are widely used, and their core component is the vacuum booster.

[0003] Regarding the vacuum source for vacuum booster systems, vehicles equipped with gasoline engines, due to their spark-ignition (SI) design, can generate a high vacuum pressure in the intake manifold, providing sufficient vacuum for the vacuum-assisted braking system. However, in high-altitude areas, where atmospheric pressure is low, insufficient vacuum may occur during engine warm-up. For diesel engines, which use compression ignition, the intake manifold cannot provide the same level of vacuum pressure. Furthermore, for turbocharged or direct-injection gasoline engines, a stable vacuum cannot be guaranteed in the intake manifold. Therefore, in most cases, a vacuum pump is required to provide the vacuum source. For example, in BMW engines, the vacuum booster system typically uses a vacuum pump to generate vacuum for the brake booster and for controlling the exhaust bypass valve. The vacuum pump is usually integrated into the engine and can be driven by the crankshaft.

[0004] Currently, in engine assembly plants, during the testing phase, it's typically only possible to test whether the vacuum pump system (including the vacuum pump, pump channels, pipes, etc.) can establish a vacuum, but not the vacuum build-up speed. However, during engine operation, the vacuum pump is constantly working, and minor leaks may occur in the system. Therefore, without testing the vacuum build-up speed, these minor leaks are difficult to detect. Such minor leaks can lead to vacuum pump system malfunctions. Once a vehicle's vacuum pump system fails after being put into use (especially under certain operating conditions), repairs are extremely difficult. Furthermore, this poses a safety hazard to passengers. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, in view of the prior art, this disclosure aims to provide a method for detecting vacuum leaks during engine testing, which enables vacuum detection at low cost. Furthermore, it not only enables the detection of the vacuum pump system, but also allows the testing mechanism to perform a self-testing function.

[0006] According to a first aspect of this disclosure, a method for detecting vacuum leaks during engine testing is provided, wherein a vacuum pump system may be assembled in the engine, the vacuum pump system may include a vacuum pump, and a conduit may be led out from the vacuum pump, the conduit being able to communicate with or disconnect from the surrounding atmosphere; the method may include the following steps:

[0007] During the testing phase, the pipeline is initially disconnected from the surrounding atmosphere, and the pressure in the pipeline is maintained at the initial pressure.

[0008] Starting from the first moment, connect and disconnect the pipeline from the surrounding atmosphere n times consecutively, n≥3, and obtain the pressure-time curve in the pipeline;

[0009] Based on the obtained pressure-time curves, it is determined whether a vacuum leak exists.

[0010] Therefore, according to the method of this disclosure, vacuum testing can be achieved at low cost by simulating continuous braking, i.e., intermittent braking. This allows for the avoidance of delivering engines with vacuum failures to customers, thus saving time and money on repairing defective vehicles.

[0011] Preferably, when determining whether a vacuum leak exists, if the obtained pressure-time curve does not intersect with the preset upper limit value, and if the obtained pressure-time curve has a descending segment during the time period when the pipeline is disconnected from the surrounding atmosphere and the descending segment intersects with the preset lower limit value n times, then it can be considered that there is no vacuum leak.

[0012] Preferably, when determining whether a vacuum leak exists, if the obtained pressure-time curve intersects with a preset upper limit value, a vacuum leak can be considered to exist. In this regard, preferably, if the initial pressure is greater than the target value, the vacuum pump can be considered to be malfunctioning; if the initial pressure corresponds to the target value, the vacuum pump system can be considered to have a poor seal. Thus, the upper limit value can be used to check the sealing performance of the vacuum pump system or defects in the vacuum pump.

[0013] Preferably, when determining whether a vacuum leak exists, if the acquired pressure-time curve does not intersect with a preset upper limit value, and if the acquired pressure-time curve has a descending segment during the period when the pipeline is disconnected from the surrounding atmosphere, and the descending segment intersects with the preset lower limit value less than n times, then a vacuum leak can be considered to exist. In this regard, preferably, if the descending segment intersects with the preset lower limit value more than one time but less than n times, then the switching device used to disconnect the pipeline from the surrounding atmosphere is considered to be faulty; if the descending segment intersects with the preset lower limit value only once, then the vacuum pump system is considered to be not properly sealed.

[0014] Preferably, when determining whether a vacuum leak exists, if the obtained pressure-time curve does not intersect with the preset upper limit value, and if the obtained pressure-time curve does not have a downward segment during the disconnection period between the pipeline and the surrounding atmosphere, or does not intersect with the preset lower limit value, then the vacuum pump can be considered to have malfunctioned, and thus a vacuum leak exists.

[0015] Therefore, the lower limit value can be used to test whether the vacuum pump system can establish a vacuum as required.

[0016] Preferably, when the pipe is connected to and disconnected from the surrounding atmosphere n times consecutively, the connection time between the pipe and the surrounding atmosphere can be less than or equal to the disconnection time, and / or the connection time can be the same each time and the disconnection time can be the same each time. This allows for simple testing.

[0017] Preferably, the method may further include: outputting an alarm signal when a vacuum leak is detected. This alerts the operator.

[0018] According to a second aspect of this disclosure, a mechanism for detecting vacuum leaks during engine testing is proposed. A vacuum pump system may be assembled in the engine, the vacuum pump system including a vacuum pump. The mechanism may include: a conduit leading from the vacuum pump, the conduit being capable of communicating or disconnecting from the surrounding atmosphere; a pressure sensor disposed on the conduit for measuring pressure in the conduit; a switching device disposed downstream of the pressure sensor in the conduit, the switching device being capable of closing to disconnect the conduit from the surrounding atmosphere and opening to communicate the conduit with the surrounding atmosphere; and a control unit, the switching device being controllable by the control unit, the control unit being configured to implement the method according to the first aspect of this disclosure.

[0019] Preferably, the switching device can be located at the end of the pipe that is in communication with the surrounding atmosphere.

[0020] Preferably, the switching device can be configured as a solenoid valve.

[0021] In a third aspect of this disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the method described above according to the first aspect.

[0022] In a fourth aspect of this disclosure, an electronic device is provided that may include a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the computer program is executed by the processor to implement the method described above according to the first aspect.

[0023] The apparatus, computer-readable storage medium, and electronic device according to this disclosure have the same advantages as the method according to this disclosure, and will not be described further herein.

[0024] In addition, the timing of all actions of the switching device can be configured by the control unit, and the target value and upper and lower limits of the initial pressure can also be reset according to different needs or tests. Therefore, parameters such as timing, pressure, and alarm limits can be flexibly configured.

[0025] Moreover, the apparatus according to this disclosure is not only able to indicate faults in the vacuum pump system, but also to perform a self-test function. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this disclosure more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] Figure 1 An exemplary schematic diagram of a mechanism for detecting vacuum leaks during engine testing, according to the present disclosure, is shown.

[0028] Figure 2 An exemplary block diagram is shown of a method for detecting vacuum leaks during engine testing, according to the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 3A -3E shows the use according to Figure 1 Exemplary institutions utilize according to Figure 2 An example of an exemplary method for obtaining pressure-time graphs with and without leakage. Detailed Implementation

[0030] Specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention can be practiced in many ways other than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0031] Figure 1 An exemplary schematic diagram of a mechanism 300 for detecting vacuum leaks during the testing phase of engine 100, according to the present disclosure, is shown. During the testing phase of engine 100, a vacuum pump system including a vacuum pump 200 may be assembled into engine 100.

[0032] The mechanism 300 may include a pipe 310 that can be led out from the vacuum pump 200, a pressure sensor 320 that can be disposed on the pipe 310, a switching device 330 that can be disposed downstream of the pressure sensor 320 in the pipe 310, and a control unit 340.

[0033] The conduit 310 can be connected to or disconnected from the surrounding atmosphere 400, especially by means of a switching device 330.

[0034] Pressure sensor 320 can be used to measure the pressure in pipe 310, that is, to measure the vacuum level of the vacuum pump system. Control unit 340 can receive the data measured by pressure sensor 320.

[0035] The switching device 330 is a controllable switching device that can be controlled by the control unit 340. The switching device 330 is particularly suitable for placement at the end of the conduit 310 that communicates with the surrounding atmosphere 400. In this embodiment, the switching device 330 may be configured as a solenoid valve. If the switching device 330 is closed, the conduit 310 is no longer in communication with the surrounding atmosphere, thus preventing the surrounding atmosphere from entering the conduit 310. If the switching device 330 is open, the conduit 310 is in communication with the atmosphere, allowing the surrounding atmosphere to enter the conduit 310.

[0036] The control unit 340 may be configured as a controller capable of receiving information and transforming the received information to generate an output. The controller may include any type of computing device, computing circuit, or any type of processor or processing circuit capable of executing a series of instructions stored in memory. The controller may include multiple processors and / or a multi-core central processing unit (CPU) and / or a graphics processing unit (GPU), and may include any type of processor, such as a microprocessor, digital signal processor, microcontroller, etc. The controller may also include memory to store data and / or algorithms to execute a series of instructions. The control unit 340 may be a separate control device or may be integrated into the vehicle's own control unit.

[0037] Figure 2 An exemplary block diagram is shown of a method for detecting vacuum leaks during the testing phase of an engine 100, according to the present disclosure.

[0038] To test the engine 100, which is equipped with a vacuum pump system, the engine 100 can be fixed on a test bench. During the testing phase, the engine 100 can be driven by an electric motor, thereby activating the vacuum pump 200, i.e., drawing a vacuum.

[0039] In step S10, the pipe 310 can be disconnected from the surrounding atmosphere 400 at the initial moment by closing the switch device 330, so as to ensure that the pipe 310 is in a vacuum state. Under normal circumstances, since the vacuum pump 200 is always working, i.e., evacuating, the pressure in the pipe 310 can be maintained at the initial pressure, especially at a target value, such as one standard atmosphere. This target value can be set as needed or based on experience.

[0040] To detect vacuum leakage during the engine 100 testing phase, continuous braking, i.e., intermittent braking, can be simulated. Therefore, in step S20, starting from the first moment T1, the pipe 310 is connected to and disconnected from the surrounding atmosphere 400 n times consecutively by opening and closing the switching device 330, where n≥3, and the pressure-time curve in the pipe 310 is obtained. Preferably, the connection time between the pipe 310 and the surrounding atmosphere 400 is less than or equal to the disconnection time. More preferably, the connection time is the same each time and the disconnection time is the same each time. Here, the disconnection time corresponds to the vacuum build-up time of the vacuum pump system. Therefore, during the disconnection time, the pressure in the pipe 310 should decrease, and thus a decreasing segment should exist in the obtained pressure-time curve.

[0041] In this regard, to simulate continuous braking, i.e., intermittent braking, as described above, the control unit 340 can control the opening and closing of the switch device 330. The control unit 340 can set the opening and closing times of the switch device 330 to achieve continuous braking. When the switch device 330 is open, the pipe 310 is connected to the surrounding atmosphere 400, allowing ambient air to enter the pipe and reducing the vacuum level within it. When the switch device 330 is closed, the pipe 310 is disconnected from the surrounding atmosphere 400, thus re-establishing a vacuum within the pipe 310.

[0042] In step S30, the presence of a vacuum leak can be determined based on the acquired pressure-time curve.

[0043] Therefore, upper limit values ​​P1 and lower limit values ​​P2 can be preset, for example, as needed or based on experiments. The upper limit value P1 can be used to detect the sealing performance of the vacuum pump system or defects in the vacuum pump, while the lower limit value P2 can be used to detect whether the vacuum pump system can establish a vacuum as required.

[0044] If the obtained pressure-time curve does not intersect with the preset upper limit value P1, and if the obtained pressure-time curve has a downward segment during the disconnection period between pipe 310 and the surrounding atmosphere 400, and the downward segment intersects with the preset lower limit value (P2) n times, then it is considered that there is no vacuum leakage.

[0045] If the obtained pressure-time curve intersects with the preset upper limit value P1, then a vacuum leak can be considered to exist.

[0046] In this regard, if the initial pressure is greater than the target value, the vacuum pump 200 can be considered to have malfunctioned. If the initial pressure corresponds to the target value, the vacuum pump system can be considered to have a poor seal.

[0047] If the acquired pressure-time curve does not intersect with the preset upper limit value P1, and if the acquired pressure-time curve has a downward segment during the disconnection period between pipe 310 and the surrounding atmosphere 400, and the downward segment intersects with the preset lower limit value P2 less than n times, then a vacuum leak can be considered to exist.

[0048] In this regard, if the descent segment intersects with the preset lower limit P2 at more than one but less than n points, the switching device 330 used to disconnect the pipe 310 from the surrounding atmosphere 400 is considered to be malfunctioning. If the descent segment intersects with the preset lower limit P2 at only one point, the vacuum pump system is considered to be not properly sealed.

[0049] If the obtained pressure-time curve does not intersect with the preset upper limit value P1, and if the obtained pressure-time curve does not have a downward segment during the disconnection period between pipe 310 and the surrounding atmosphere 400, or does not intersect with the preset lower limit value P2, then the vacuum pump is considered to be malfunctioning, and therefore a vacuum leak is considered to exist.

[0050] Additionally, the method according to this disclosure may include the following step: when a vacuum leak is detected, an alarm signal can be output. This alerts the operator.

[0051] Figure 3A The example shows the pressure-time curve when there is no leakage in the vacuum pump system, while Figure 3B -3E illustrates a pressure-time graph when a leak exists in the vacuum pump system. The X-axis represents the measurement time in seconds (s), and the Y-axis represents the pressure in pipe 310 measured by pressure sensor 320 in millibars (mbars). T1, T3, and T5 are the opening times of switch 330, and T2, T4, and T5 are the closing times of switch 330. P1 represents the upper limit value, and P2 represents the lower limit value.

[0052] During the testing phase, firstly, at an initial moment, the pipe 310 can be disconnected from the surrounding atmosphere 400 by closing the switch device 330. Then, starting from the first moment T1, the control unit 340 can control the opening and closing of the switch device 330, thereby connecting and disconnecting the pipe 310 from the surrounding atmosphere 400 three times consecutively, and acquiring the pressure-time curve in the pipe 310. Then, based on the acquired pressure-time curve, it is determined whether a vacuum leak exists.

[0053] exist Figure 3AIn the example shown, the obtained pressure-time curve does not intersect with the preset upper limit value P1, therefore the vacuum pump system is well sealed and the vacuum pump is not faulty. Furthermore, the obtained pressure-time curve has a descending segment, and this descending segment intersects with the preset lower limit value P2 three times, therefore the vacuum pump system can establish a vacuum as required, meaning the vacuum establishment speed meets the requirements. Therefore, it can be considered that there is no vacuum leakage.

[0054] exist Figure 3B In the example shown, the obtained pressure-time curve intersects with the preset upper limit value P1, and the initial pressure established by the vacuum pump corresponds to the target value; therefore, a vacuum leak can be considered to exist. Since the initial pressure established by the vacuum pump can reach the target value, this leak could originate from leaks in other parts of the vacuum pump system, allowing gas to enter; that is, it could be due to a poor seal in the vacuum pump system. Furthermore, in Figure 3B In the example shown, the descending segment of the obtained pressure-time curve does not intersect with the preset lower limit value, therefore the vacuum pump system cannot establish a vacuum as required. Thus, a vacuum leak can be considered to exist. In this case, the vacuum pump may be defective, resulting in an insufficient vacuum establishment speed, but given enough time, a vacuum can still be established. This situation is extremely dangerous for passengers, especially on long downhill roads. Conversely, if the pressure-time curve intersects with the preset upper limit value P1, and the initial pressure established by the vacuum pump does not reach the target value, this leak could originate from a malfunction in the vacuum pump itself.

[0055] exist Figure 3C In the example shown, the acquired pressure-time curve does not intersect with the preset upper limit value P1, therefore the vacuum pump system is well sealed. However, the descending segment of the acquired pressure-time curve intersects with the preset lower limit value P2 only twice, therefore the vacuum pump system cannot establish a vacuum as required. Therefore, a vacuum leak can be considered to exist. This leak could originate from a "stuck" solenoid valve used for testing, thus failing to disconnect the pipe from the surrounding atmosphere during the second closure. In other words, this leak could indicate a malfunction in the testing mechanism 300, particularly the switching device 330.

[0056] exist Figure 3D In the example shown, the obtained pressure-time curve does not intersect with the preset upper limit value P1, therefore the vacuum pump system is well sealed. However, the falling segment of the obtained pressure-time curve intersects with the preset lower limit value P2 only once, therefore the vacuum pump system cannot establish a vacuum as required. Therefore, a vacuum leak can be considered to exist. This leak could stem from a poor seal in the vacuum pump system.

[0057] exist Figure 3EIn the example shown, the acquired pressure-time curve does not intersect with the preset upper limit value P1, therefore the vacuum pump system is well sealed. However, the acquired pressure-time curve does not have a descending segment, therefore the vacuum pump system cannot establish a vacuum as required. Therefore, a vacuum leak can be considered to exist. This leak could stem from a malfunction in the vacuum pump.

[0058] The apparatus and method described above, based on this disclosure, enable low-cost vacuum testing. Furthermore, it allows for testing not only the sealing performance of the vacuum pump system but also the vacuum build-up rate of the system. This prevents the delivery of engines with vacuum failures to customers, thus saving time and money on repairing defective vehicles. Additionally, the timing of all switching device actions can be configured by the control unit, and upper and lower limits can be reset according to different needs or tests, allowing for flexible configuration of parameters such as timing, pressure, and alarm limits.

[0059] The expression “and / or” as used herein means to include at least one of the components listed before and after the expression. Furthermore, the expression “connection / linkage” as used herein means to include a direct connection to another component or an indirect connection via another component. The singular form in this document also includes the plural form, unless specifically stated in the wording. Moreover, the use of “comprises” or “includes” in this document to refer to a component, step, operation, or element means that at least one other component, step, operation, or element is present or added.

[0060] Any method, program, algorithm, or code described herein can be converted into or expressed as a programming language or computer program. "Programming language" and "computer program" are any language used to assign instructions to a computer, and include (but are not limited to) these languages ​​and their derivatives: assembly language, Basic, batch files, BCPL, C, C+, C++, Delphi, Fortran, Java, JavaScript, machine code, operating system command languages, Pascal, Perl, PL1, scripting languages, Visual Basic, their own programmable meta-languages, and first-, second-, third-, fourth-, and fifth-generation computer languages. Databases and other data schemas, and any other meta-languages, are also included. For the purposes of this definition, no distinction is made between languages ​​that are interpreted or compiled, or between languages ​​that use both compilation and interpretation methods. For the purposes of this definition, no distinction is made between compiled and source versions of a program. Therefore, referring to a program in a programming language that can exist in more than one state (such as source state, compiled state, object state, or link state) refers to any and all such states. This definition also includes valid instructions and the intent of these instructions.

[0061] Any method, program, algorithm, or code described herein may be contained on one or more machine-readable media or memories. The term "memory" may include an apparatus that provides (e.g., stores and / or transmits) information in a machine-readable format such as a processor, computer, or digital processing device. For example, memory may include read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory devices, or any other volatile or non-volatile storage devices. Code or instructions contained thereon may be represented by carrier signals, infrared signals, digital signals, and other similar signals.

[0062] The features disclosed in this application are important and can be implemented not only individually but also in any combination for the implementation of embodiments in different design aspects. The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments, but includes or extends to all technical equivalents falling within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for detecting vacuum leaks during engine (100) testing, wherein a vacuum pump system is assembled in the engine (100), the vacuum pump system including a vacuum pump (200), and a conduit (310) extending from the vacuum pump (200), the conduit (310) being capable of being connected to or disconnected from the surrounding atmosphere (400), wherein, The method includes the following steps: During the testing phase, the pipe (310) is disconnected from the surrounding atmosphere (400) at the initial moment, and the pressure in the pipe (310) is maintained at the initial pressure; Starting from the first moment T1, connect and disconnect the pipe (310) from the surrounding atmosphere (400) n times consecutively, n≥3, and obtain the pressure-time curve in the pipe (310); Based on the obtained pressure-time curves, determine whether a vacuum leak exists. Its characteristic is that, when determining whether a vacuum leak exists, If the obtained pressure-time curve does not intersect with the preset upper limit value (P1), and if the obtained pressure-time curve has a falling segment during the disconnection period between the pipe (310) and the surrounding atmosphere (400) and the falling segment intersects with the preset lower limit value (P2) less than n times, then a vacuum leak is considered to exist.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When determining whether a vacuum leak exists If the obtained pressure-time curve does not intersect with the preset upper limit value (P1), and if the obtained pressure-time curve has a falling segment during the disconnection period between the pipe (310) and the surrounding atmosphere (400) and the falling segment intersects with the preset lower limit value (P2) n times, then it is considered that there is no vacuum leakage.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When determining whether a vacuum leak exists If the obtained pressure-time curve intersects with the preset upper limit value (P1), it is considered that there is a vacuum leak.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, When a vacuum leak is suspected. If the initial pressure is greater than the target value, the vacuum pump (200) is considered to be faulty; if the initial pressure corresponds to the target value, the vacuum pump system is considered to be not properly sealed.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When a vacuum leak is suspected. If the descent segment intersects with the preset lower limit (P2) more than 1 but less than n, the switching device (330) used to disconnect the pipe (310) from the surrounding atmosphere (400) is considered to be faulty; if the descent segment intersects with the preset lower limit (P2) only 1, the vacuum pump system is considered to be not properly sealed.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When determining whether a vacuum leak exists If the obtained pressure-time curve does not intersect with the preset upper limit value (P1), and if the obtained pressure-time curve does not have a downward segment during the disconnection period between the pipe (310) and the surrounding atmosphere (400), or does not intersect with the preset lower limit value (P2), then the vacuum pump is considered to be malfunctioning, and therefore a vacuum leak is considered to exist.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, When the pipe (310) is connected to and disconnected from the surrounding atmosphere (400) in n consecutive times, the connection time between the pipe (310) and the surrounding atmosphere (400) is less than or equal to the disconnection time between the pipe (310) and the surrounding atmosphere (400), and / or the connection time is the same each time and the disconnection time is the same each time.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The method also includes outputting an alarm signal when a vacuum leak is detected.

9. A mechanism (300) for detecting vacuum leaks during engine (100) testing, wherein a vacuum pump system is assembled in the engine (100), the vacuum pump system comprising a vacuum pump (200), wherein, The agency (300) includes: A pipe (310) leading out from the vacuum pump (200) is connected to or disconnected from the surrounding atmosphere (400); A pressure sensor (320) is installed on the pipeline to measure the pressure in the pipeline (310); A switching device (330) is disposed downstream of the pressure sensor (320) in the pipe (310). The switching device (330) is capable of closing to disconnect the pipe (310) from the surrounding atmosphere (400) and opening to connect the pipe (310) to the surrounding atmosphere (400). The control unit (340) and the switching device (330) can be controlled by the control unit (340). The control unit (340) is configured to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The mechanism (300) according to claim 9, characterized in that, The switch (330) is located at the end of the pipe (310) that is in communication with the surrounding atmosphere (400).

11. The mechanism (300) according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that, The switching device (330) is constructed as a solenoid valve.

12. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, The computer program is executed by a processor to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

13. An electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, The computer program is executed by a processor to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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