Battery heating methods, devices, storage media, processors, and vehicles

Abstract

This invention discloses a battery heating method, apparatus, storage medium, processor, and vehicle. The method includes: acquiring the battery's voltage and impedance values ​​in a heating mode; inputting the voltage and impedance values ​​into a particle swarm optimization model to obtain a reference frequency and a reference duty cycle to which the battery's heating switch should be adjusted; generating a first control command based on the reference frequency and reference duty cycle; and sending the first control command to the heating switch. This invention solves the technical problem of low battery heating efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of batteries, and more specifically, to a method, apparatus, storage medium, processor, and vehicle for heating a battery. Background Technology

[0002] In related technologies, batteries are mainly heated through two methods: external heating and internal heating. However, external heating requires additional heating devices, which takes up space and takes a long time to heat up. Internal heating is difficult to guarantee at low temperatures, and the battery life will be affected accordingly, resulting in the technical problem of low battery heating efficiency.

[0003] There is currently no effective solution to the technical problem of low heating efficiency of the aforementioned batteries. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method, apparatus, storage medium, processor, and vehicle for heating a battery, to at least solve the technical problem of low heating efficiency of batteries.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, a control method for a vehicle transmission system is provided. The method may include: acquiring the voltage and impedance values ​​of a battery in a heating mode; inputting the voltage and impedance values ​​into a particle swarm optimization (PSO) model to obtain a reference frequency to which the battery's heating switch is to be adjusted and a reference duty cycle to which the heating switch is to be adjusted, wherein the heating switch and the battery belong to the same circuit, and the PSO model is used at least to characterize the correlation between the voltage value, impedance value, and reference frequency, and the correlation between the voltage value, impedance value, and reference duty cycle; generating a first control command based on the reference frequency and reference duty cycle, and sending the first control command to the heating switch, wherein the first control command is used to control the heating switch to adjust from an original frequency to the reference frequency, and to control the heating switch to adjust from an original duty cycle to the reference duty cycle, the reference frequency and reference duty cycle being used to heat the battery.

[0006] Optionally, the voltage and impedance values ​​are input into the particle swarm model to obtain the reference frequency and reference duty cycle to which the battery heating switch is to be adjusted, including: inputting the voltage and impedance values ​​into the particle swarm model for iterative matching to obtain the effective value of the battery reference current; and determining the reference frequency and reference duty cycle based on the effective value of the reference current.

[0007] Optionally, determining the reference frequency and reference duty cycle based on the effective value of the reference current includes: inputting the effective value of the reference current into a current effective value calculation model for calculation to obtain the reference frequency and reference duty cycle, wherein the current effective value calculation model includes at least a first mapping relationship between the effective value of the reference current and the reference frequency, and a second mapping relationship between the effective value of the reference current and the reference duty cycle.

[0008] Optionally, before acquiring the voltage and impedance values ​​of the battery in heating mode, the battery heating method may further include: acquiring the temperature difference between the battery's temperature value and a first temperature threshold; and adjusting the heating switch from its original state to a closed state in response to the temperature difference being less than a target threshold, so that the battery is switched from an unheated mode to a heated mode.

[0009] Optionally, after sending the first control command to the heating switch, the battery heating method may further include: measuring the current value and voltage value of the circuit; adjusting the heating switch from a closed state to an open state in response to the current value being greater than a current threshold, and / or, in response to the voltage value being greater than a voltage threshold, so as to switch the battery from a heating mode to a non-heating mode.

[0010] Optionally, the battery heating method may further include: when the battery is in heating mode, acquiring the current temperature value of the battery; and in response to the current temperature value being greater than a second temperature threshold, sending a second control command to a heating switch, wherein the second control command is used to disconnect the heating switch to stop heating the battery.

[0011] According to one aspect of the present invention, a battery heating device is provided, the heating device comprising: an acquisition unit for acquiring the voltage and impedance values ​​of the battery in a heating mode; an input unit for inputting the voltage and impedance values ​​into a particle swarm optimization model to obtain a reference frequency to which the battery heating switch is to be adjusted and a reference duty cycle to which the heating switch is to be adjusted, wherein the heating switch and the battery belong to the same circuit, and the particle swarm optimization model is used at least to characterize the correlation between the voltage value, the impedance value and the reference frequency, and the correlation between the voltage value, the impedance value and the reference duty cycle; and a sending unit for generating a first control command based on the reference frequency and the reference duty cycle, and sending the first control command to the heating switch, wherein the first control command is used to control the heating switch to adjust from the original frequency to the reference frequency, and to control the heating switch to adjust from the original duty cycle to the reference duty cycle, the reference frequency and the reference duty cycle being used to heat the battery.

[0012] According to another aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided. The computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, wherein, when the program is executed, it controls the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located to perform the battery heating method of the present invention.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present invention, a processor is also provided. The processor is used to run a program, wherein the program, when run by the processor, executes the battery heating method of the present invention.

[0014] According to another aspect of the present invention, a vehicle is also provided for performing the battery heating method of the present invention.

[0015] In this embodiment of the invention, the voltage and impedance values ​​of the battery in heating mode are obtained; the voltage and impedance values ​​are input into a particle swarm optimization model to obtain the reference frequency and reference duty cycle to which the battery heating switch is to be adjusted, wherein the heating switch and the battery belong to the same circuit, and the particle swarm optimization model is used at least to characterize the correlation between the voltage value, impedance value and reference frequency, and the correlation between the voltage value, impedance value and reference duty cycle; a first control command is generated based on the reference frequency and reference duty cycle, and the first control command is sent to the heating switch, wherein the first control command is used to control the heating switch to adjust from the original frequency to the reference frequency, and to control the heating switch to adjust from the original duty cycle to the reference duty cycle, and the reference frequency and reference duty cycle are used to heat the battery. In other words, this embodiment of the invention inputs the obtained voltage and impedance values ​​of the battery in heating mode into a particle swarm optimization model for data processing to obtain the reference frequency and reference duty cycle to be adjusted to by the battery's heating switch. Then, a first control command is generated based on the reference frequency and reference duty cycle and sent to the heating switch. This causes the heating switch to heat the battery by adjusting the original frequency to the reference frequency and the original duty cycle to the reference duty cycle. This improves the accuracy of the heating switch's frequency and duty cycle adjustment, thereby solving the technical problem of low battery heating efficiency and achieving the technical effect of improving battery heating efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and are used to explain the invention, but do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a battery heating method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a battery heating system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3(a) is a schematic diagram of a battery heating circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3(b) is a schematic diagram of another battery heating circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a battery self-heating method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a battery heating device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for heating a battery is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Furthermore, although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a battery heating method according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the method may include the following steps:

[0028] Step S101: Obtain the voltage and impedance values ​​of the battery in heating mode.

[0029] In the technical solution provided by step S101 of the present invention, the voltage and impedance values ​​of the battery in heating mode are detected by a detection device installed in the vehicle battery management system to obtain the voltage and impedance values ​​of the battery in heating mode. The voltage value is the open circuit voltage of the battery, which can be determined according to the operating conditions of the battery. The impedance value is the magnitude of the impedance itself under the current operating conditions, and the impedance value will also change accordingly during the charging and discharging process of the battery.

[0030] Step S102: Input the voltage and impedance values ​​into the particle swarm model to obtain the reference frequency to which the battery heating switch needs to be adjusted and the reference duty cycle to which the heating switch needs to be adjusted. The heating switch and the battery belong to the same circuit.

[0031] In the technical solution provided by step S102 of the present invention, the heating switch can belong to the same circuit as the battery. After obtaining the voltage and impedance values ​​of the battery in the heating mode, the particle swarm model can be initialized first, and the activity range of the particle swarm can be set, that is, the switching frequency range and speed range of the particle swarm can be set. At the same time, the population size and the number of iterations of the particle swarm can be set. Then, the voltage and impedance values ​​are input into the particle swarm model for multiple iterations to determine the reference frequency and the reference duty cycle to be adjusted to for the battery heating switch. The heating switch can be used to control the connection of the heating circuit to heat the battery. The reference frequency can be the switching frequency of the power switch required for the battery to heat up. The reference duty cycle can be the switching conduction time of the power switch required for the battery to heat up. The particle swarm model can be used to characterize the correlation between the voltage value, impedance value and reference frequency, and the correlation between the voltage value, impedance value and reference duty cycle.

[0032] Optionally, after setting the corresponding parameters for the particle swarm model, the voltage and impedance values ​​are input into the particle swarm model. Then, through multiple iterations in the particle swarm model, the optimal effective value of the heating current required under the current operating condition can be obtained. Based on the obtained optimal effective value of the heating current, the optimal switching frequency and optimal duty cycle required under the current operating condition can be further calculated, thereby determining the reference frequency to which the battery heating switch should be adjusted and the reference duty cycle to which the heating switch should be adjusted.

[0033] Step S103: Generate a first control command based on the reference frequency and the reference duty cycle, and send the first control command to the heating switch. The first control command is used to control the heating switch to adjust from the original frequency to the reference frequency, and to control the heating switch to adjust from the original duty cycle to the reference duty cycle. The reference frequency and the reference duty cycle are used to heat the battery.

[0034] In the technical solution provided by step S103 of the present invention, after determining the reference frequency and reference duty cycle to which the battery heating switch is to be adjusted, a first control command can be generated based on the reference frequency and the reference duty cycle, and the first control command can be sent to the heating switch to control the heating switch to adjust from the original frequency to the reference frequency and to adjust from the original duty cycle to the reference duty cycle. After the switching frequency and duty cycle are both adjusted, the battery is heated by the heating circuit, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the accuracy of the obtained heating switch frequency. The reference frequency and reference duty cycle can be used to heat the battery.

[0035] Optionally, a first control command generated based on a reference frequency and a reference duty cycle is sent to a heating switch. The heating switch adjusts the switching frequency of the power switching transistor in the heating circuit using the reference frequency and the on-time of the power switching transistor in the heating circuit using the reference duty cycle. Based on the adjusted switching frequency and on-time, it generates the optimal AC current required to heat the battery. This optimal AC current can be generated cyclically under the switching element's on and off states, generating heat inside the battery, thereby achieving self-heating of the battery in low-temperature environments.

[0036] In steps S101 to S103 of the present invention, the voltage and impedance values ​​of the battery in heating mode are obtained; the voltage and impedance values ​​are input into a particle swarm optimization model to obtain the reference frequency and reference duty cycle to which the battery heating switch is to be adjusted, wherein the heating switch and the battery belong to the same circuit, and the particle swarm optimization model is used at least to characterize the correlation between the voltage value, impedance value and reference frequency, and the correlation between the voltage value, impedance value and reference duty cycle; a first control command is generated based on the reference frequency and reference duty cycle, and the first control command is sent to the heating switch, wherein the first control command is used to control the heating switch to adjust from the original frequency to the reference frequency, and to control the heating switch to adjust from the original duty cycle to the reference duty cycle, and the reference frequency and reference duty cycle are used to heat the battery. In other words, this embodiment of the invention inputs the obtained voltage and impedance values ​​of the battery in heating mode into a particle swarm optimization model for data processing to obtain the reference frequency and reference duty cycle to be adjusted to by the battery's heating switch. Finally, a first control command is generated based on the reference frequency and reference duty cycle and sent to the heating switch. This causes the heating switch to heat the battery by adjusting the original frequency to the reference frequency and the original duty cycle to the reference duty cycle. This improves the accuracy of the heating switch's frequency and duty cycle adjustment, thereby solving the technical problem of low battery heating efficiency and achieving the technical effect of improving battery heating efficiency.

[0037] The method described in this embodiment will be further described below.

[0038] As an optional embodiment, step S102, inputting the voltage and impedance values ​​into the particle swarm model to obtain the reference frequency and reference duty cycle to which the battery heating switch is to be adjusted, includes: inputting the voltage and impedance values ​​into the particle swarm model for iterative matching to obtain the effective value of the battery reference current; and determining the reference frequency and reference duty cycle based on the effective value of the reference current.

[0039] In this embodiment, after obtaining the voltage and impedance values ​​of the battery in heating mode, these values ​​are input into the particle swarm model for iterative matching. During each iterative matching process, the currently obtained effective value of the heating current is compared with the iteration termination condition. If the currently obtained effective value of the heating current meets the iteration termination condition, the iterative matching ends, and the currently obtained effective value of the heating current is output as the optimal effective value of the heating current, thereby obtaining the effective value of the battery's reference current. Based on the effective value of the battery's reference current, the reference frequency and reference duty cycle are further determined. If the currently obtained effective value of the heating current does not meet the iteration termination condition, the next iterative matching begins, and the above process is repeated until the effective value of the heating current obtained in a certain iteration meets the iteration termination condition. Then, the iterative matching ends, the effective value of the reference current is obtained, and the reference frequency and reference duty cycle are determined.

[0040] Optionally, the iteration termination condition can be a constraint set during the initialization operation of the particle swarm model. The iteration termination condition can be that the optimal solution searched by the particle swarm so far satisfies a predetermined minimum fitness threshold. That is, if the current effective value of the heating current satisfies the predetermined minimum fitness threshold, i.e., the iteration termination condition is met, the iteration matching ends. However, if the current effective value of the heating current does not satisfy the predetermined minimum fitness threshold, i.e., the iteration termination condition is not met, the next iteration matching begins.

[0041] As an optional embodiment, determining the reference frequency and reference duty cycle based on the effective value of the reference current includes: inputting the effective value of the reference current into a current effective value calculation model for calculation to obtain the reference frequency and reference duty cycle, wherein the current effective value calculation model includes at least a first mapping relationship between the effective value of the reference current and the reference frequency, and a second mapping relationship between the effective value of the reference current and the reference duty cycle.

[0042] In this embodiment, the current effective value calculation model may include a first mapping relationship between the reference current effective value and the reference frequency, and a second mapping relationship between the reference current effective value and the reference duty cycle. After obtaining the reference current effective value through the particle swarm model, the reference current effective value is input into the current effective value calculation model for calculation to determine the optimal switching frequency and optimal duty cycle required under the current operating conditions. The optimal switching frequency and optimal duty cycle are then output as the reference frequency and reference duty cycle to be adjusted to by the heating switch, respectively, thereby obtaining the reference frequency and reference duty cycle, thus achieving the purpose of improving the accuracy of the obtained heating switch frequency.

[0043] As an optional embodiment, before acquiring the voltage and impedance values ​​of the battery in heating mode, the battery heating method may further include: acquiring the temperature difference between the battery's temperature value and a first temperature threshold; and adjusting the heating switch from its original state to a closed state in response to the temperature difference being less than a target threshold, so as to switch the battery from an unheated mode to a heated mode.

[0044] In this embodiment, the battery temperature value is obtained by a temperature sensor installed in the vehicle battery management system. Then, the difference between the obtained battery temperature value and a first temperature threshold is calculated to obtain the temperature difference between the battery temperature value and the first temperature threshold. The temperature difference is then compared with a target threshold. If the temperature difference is less than the target threshold, it indicates that the current battery temperature is too low and the battery needs to be heated. Therefore, in response to the current state where the temperature difference is less than the target threshold, the heating switch is adjusted from the original state to the closed state to switch the battery from the unheated mode to the heating mode, and then the heating circuit is used for heating.

[0045] Optionally, the first temperature threshold and the target threshold can be temperature limit indicators determined through multiple experiments. The first temperature threshold can be used as a reference indicator for the current temperature of the battery, and the target threshold can be used to determine whether the current temperature of the battery is too low and needs to be heated.

[0046] As an optional embodiment, after sending the first control command to the heating switch, the battery heating method may further include: measuring the current value and voltage value of the circuit; adjusting the heating switch from a closed state to an open state in response to the current value being greater than a current threshold, and / or, in response to the voltage value being greater than a voltage threshold, so as to switch the battery from a heating mode to a non-heating mode.

[0047] In this embodiment, a measuring device installed in the vehicle battery management system measures the current and voltage values ​​of the circuit under the current operating conditions. The measured current value of the circuit is compared with a current threshold. If the current value of the circuit is greater than the current threshold, it indicates that the current value of the circuit is too high and heating needs to be stopped. Therefore, in response to the current value of the circuit being greater than the current threshold, the heating switch is adjusted from the closed state to the open state to change the battery from the heating mode to the non-heating mode, and then the heating circuit is disconnected to stop heating. And / or, the measured voltage value of the circuit is compared with a voltage threshold. If the voltage value of the circuit is greater than the voltage threshold, it indicates that the voltage value of the circuit is too high and heating needs to be stopped. Therefore, in response to the current state that the voltage value of the circuit is greater than the voltage threshold, the heating switch is adjusted from the closed state to the open state to change the battery's operating mode from the heating mode to the non-heating mode, and then the heating circuit is disconnected to stop heating.

[0048] Optionally, the current threshold and voltage threshold can be attribute limitation indicators determined through multiple experiments. The current threshold can be used to determine whether the battery currently in heating mode needs to stop heating, and the voltage threshold can also be used to determine whether the battery currently in heating mode needs to stop heating. If the current value of the circuit is greater than the current threshold, and / or the voltage value of the circuit is greater than the voltage threshold, it can be determined that the battery currently in heating mode needs to stop heating. If the current value of the circuit is less than the current threshold, and / or the voltage value of the circuit is less than the voltage threshold, it can be determined that the battery currently in heating mode still needs to be heated by the heating circuit and does not need to stop heating.

[0049] As an optional embodiment, the battery heating method may further include: acquiring the current temperature value of the battery when the battery is in heating mode; and sending a second control command to a heating switch in response to the current temperature value being greater than a second temperature threshold, wherein the second control command is used to disconnect the heating switch to stop heating the battery.

[0050] In this embodiment, the second control command can be used to disconnect the heating switch to stop heating the battery. When the battery is in heating mode, the current temperature value of the battery is measured and collected by a temperature sensor installed in the vehicle battery management system. The collected current temperature value of the battery is then compared with a second temperature threshold. If the current temperature value of the battery is greater than the second temperature threshold, it indicates that the current temperature of the battery is too high and heating needs to be stopped. Therefore, in response to the current state that the current temperature value of the battery is greater than the second temperature threshold, the second control command is sent to the heating switch to disconnect the heating switch, thereby stopping the heating of the battery.

[0051] Optionally, the second temperature threshold can be a temperature limit indicator determined through multiple experiments, and can be used to determine whether the current temperature of the battery is too high and heating needs to be stopped.

[0052] In this embodiment of the invention, the voltage and impedance values ​​are first input into a particle swarm optimization model for iterative matching to obtain the effective reference current value of the battery. Then, the effective reference current value is input into a current effective value calculation model for calculation to obtain the reference frequency and reference duty cycle. Based on the reference frequency and reference duty cycle, a first control command is generated and sent to the heating switch to control the heating switch to adjust the original switching frequency and duty cycle. In this way, the battery is heated through the heating circuit, thereby solving the technical problem of low battery heating efficiency and achieving the technical effect of improving battery heating efficiency.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be illustrated below with reference to preferred embodiments.

[0055] With economic development and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, vehicles are no longer just a daily means of transportation, but also increasingly diversified to meet changing user needs. However, as the environment in which vehicles operate continues to change—for example, more and more vehicles need to operate normally in temperatures below -20°C—the difficulties and challenges of heating vehicle batteries are also increasing. The most common heating method is the self-discharge heating of lithium batteries; however, this method reduces the capacity and lifespan of lithium batteries and does not substantially improve their charge and discharge performance in low-temperature environments, thus failing to improve heating efficiency.

[0056] Therefore, to overcome the above problems, a related technology discloses a sinusoidal AC low-temperature self-heating device for lithium batteries. The self-heating device includes a sinusoidal AC circuit connected to the lithium battery charging interface; the sinusoidal AC circuit outputs AC power to the lithium battery charging interface to charge or heat the lithium battery. However, this low-temperature self-heating device still requires an additional external sinusoidal AC circuit to heat the battery, which results in energy loss in the external AC circuit and therefore does not improve the battery's heating efficiency.

[0057] In another related technology, a self-heating control method for lithium-ion batteries is disclosed. When the battery system starts up, a temperature sensor first collects the temperature of each individual cell. Then, based on the lowest temperature, it determines whether heating is needed. If heating is required, the voltage of each individual cell is collected. If the lowest voltage is higher than a lower limit, mutual pulse heating is initiated; otherwise, an external power supply is connected to initiate AC heating. However, in some cases, this self-heating control method still requires connecting an external AC power supply to initiate AC heating. Connecting an external AC power supply still results in energy loss, thus failing to improve the battery's heating efficiency.

[0058] In another related technology, a battery self-heating device is disclosed, comprising: a heating circuit connected to a battery pack; and an energy storage module connected to the heating circuit, wherein the heating circuit is disposed between the energy storage module and the battery pack. The energy storage module and the battery pack cyclically charge and discharge each other through the heating circuit, and the resulting alternating current causes heat to be generated within the battery pack's internal resistance. However, this battery self-heating device does not use a resonant circuit in series in the heating circuit module, thus failing to effectively reduce device switching losses and improve switching efficiency, and therefore cannot improve the battery's heating efficiency.

[0059] In another related technology, a self-heating control method for a power battery is disclosed. This method obtains the second temperature of the rotor at the current sampling time based on system parameters and the rotor's first temperature at a previous sampling time. It then estimates the third temperature of the rotor at a subsequent sampling time based on the first and second temperatures. When the third temperature reaches the rotor's demagnetization temperature, the self-heating of the power battery is stopped. However, this self-heating control method does not consider or detect situations where the current exceeds a preset current threshold, thus failing to improve the battery's heating efficiency.

[0060] However, this invention proposes a battery heating method. This method utilizes the heating module and energy storage module of the heating device to spontaneously generate alternating current, eliminating the need for an external AC power source. It generates a cyclical, approximate alternating current within the battery to heat the battery pack in low-temperature environments, thereby solving the technical problem of low battery heating efficiency and improving overall battery heating efficiency.

[0061] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a battery heating system according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the battery heating system includes: a battery pack 201, a switch module 202, a control module 203, a heating module 204, and an energy storage module 205.

[0062] Optionally, the switch module 202 can be connected to both the battery pack 201 and the heating module 204. The switch module 202 can be controlled by the control module 203 to enable and disable the battery self-heating device. The control module 203 can also be connected to both the battery pack 201 and the heating module 204. The control module 203 can use pulse width modulation signals to control the generation of a cyclic alternating current between the heating module 204 and the battery pack 201 to heat the battery pack. The heating module 204 can be positioned between the battery pack 201 and the energy storage module 205. The heating module 204 may include components connected to the battery pack 201 and the energy storage module 205. The battery pack 201 is connected in series with a first heating circuit 2041 and a second heating circuit 2042 connected in series with the battery pack 201 and in parallel with the first heating circuit 2041. The energy storage module 205 can be connected to the heating module 204. The energy storage module 205 may include a first energy storage module 2051 connected in parallel with the first heating circuit 2041 and a second energy storage module 2052 connected in parallel with the second heating circuit 2042. The battery pack 201 and the energy storage module 205 generate an alternating current through the heating circuit to achieve mutual charging and discharging. The generated alternating current generates heat through the internal resistance of the battery pack 201 to heat the battery pack 1.

[0063] Figure 3(a) is a schematic diagram of a battery heating circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 3(a), the heating circuit can be an H-bridge heating circuit, wherein the H-bridge heating circuit includes: a first heating circuit and a second heating circuit.

[0064] Optionally, the first heating circuit may include: a first power switch 301, a second power switch 302, a first inductor 311, a first capacitor 321, a third power switch 303, and a fourth power switch 304. The first power switch 301 and the second power switch 302 are connected in series to form a first bridge arm, and the third power switch 303 and the fourth power switch 304 form a second bridge arm. The input terminal of the first bridge arm is connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack, and the output terminal of the first bridge arm is connected to the negative terminal of the battery pack. The midpoint of the first bridge arm half-bridge is connected to one end of the first inductor 311, and the other end of the first inductor 311 is connected to one end of the first capacitor 321. The midpoint of the second bridge arm half-bridge is connected to the other end of the first capacitor 321. The second bridge arm is connected to... Figure 2The first energy storage module 2051 is connected in parallel; the second heating circuit may include: a fifth power switch 305, a sixth power switch 306, a second inductor 312, a second capacitor 322, a seventh power switch 307, and an eighth power switch 308. The fifth power switch 305 and the sixth power switch 306 form the third bridge arm, and the seventh power switch 307 and the eighth power switch 308 form the fourth bridge arm. The input terminal of the third bridge arm is connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack, and the output terminal of the third bridge arm is connected to the negative terminal of the battery pack. The midpoint of the third bridge arm half-bridge is connected to one end of the second inductor 312, and the other end of the second inductor 312 is connected to one end of the second capacitor 322. The midpoint of the fourth bridge arm half-bridge is connected to the other end of the second capacitor 322. The fourth bridge arm is connected to... Figure 2 The second energy storage module 2052 is connected in parallel.

[0065] Figure 3(b) is a schematic diagram of another battery heating circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 3(b), the heating circuit may include a first heating circuit and a second heating circuit.

[0066] Optionally, the first heating circuit may include: a first power switch 301, a first inductor 311, a first capacitor 321, and a first semiconductor element 331. The input terminal of the first power switch 301 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack. The other end of the first power switch 301 is connected to one end of the first inductor 311 and one end of the first semiconductor element 331. The other end of the first inductor 311 is connected to one end of the first capacitor 321. The other end of the first capacitor 321 is connected to the other end of the first semiconductor element 331 and is connected to the negative terminal of the battery pack. The second heating circuit may include: a second power switch 302, a second inductor 312, a second capacitor 322, and a second semiconductor element 332. The input terminal of the second power switch 302 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack. The other end of the second power switch 302 is connected to one end of the second inductor 312 and one end of the second semiconductor element 332. The other end of the second inductor 312 is connected to one end of the second capacitor 322. The other end of the second capacitor 322 is connected to the other end of the second semiconductor element 332 and is connected to the negative terminal of the battery pack. Figure 2 The first energy storage module 2051 and the second energy storage module 2052 are connected in parallel with the first capacitor 321 and the second capacitor 322, respectively.

[0067] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a battery self-heating method according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the battery self-heating method may include the following steps:

[0068] Step S401: Measure the current and voltage values ​​in the circuit.

[0069] Step S402: Determine whether the measured current and voltage values ​​are higher than the preset current threshold and preset voltage threshold.

[0070] After measuring the current and voltage values ​​in the circuit, determine whether the measured current and voltage values ​​are higher than the preset current and voltage thresholds: if the measured current and voltage values ​​are higher than the preset current and voltage thresholds, proceed to steps S417 and S401, cut off the heating circuit, and measure the current and voltage values ​​in the circuit; if the measured current and voltage values ​​are lower than the preset current and voltage thresholds, proceed to step S403.

[0071] Step S403: Collect the real-time temperature of the battery.

[0072] Step S404: Determine whether the difference obtained by subtracting the real-time temperature from the low-temperature threshold is less than the preset temperature threshold.

[0073] After collecting the real-time battery temperature, it is determined whether the difference obtained by subtracting the real-time temperature from the low temperature threshold is less than the preset temperature threshold: if the difference is greater than the preset temperature threshold, the battery does not need to enter the heating mode and the process ends directly; if the difference is less than the preset temperature threshold, the battery starts the self-heating mode and proceeds to step S405.

[0074] Step S405: Obtain the voltage and impedance values ​​of the battery in heating mode.

[0075] Step S406: Input the voltage and impedance values ​​into the particle swarm model for calculation to obtain the current optimal effective value of the heating current.

[0076] After obtaining the voltage and impedance values ​​of the battery in heating mode, the voltage and impedance values ​​are input into the particle swarm model for calculation to obtain the current optimal effective value of the heating current.

[0077] Step S407: Determine whether the current optimal heating current effective value meets the iteration termination condition.

[0078] After obtaining the current optimal heating current effective value, determine whether the current optimal heating current effective value meets the iteration termination condition: if the current optimal heating current effective value does not meet the iteration termination condition, proceed to step S406 and continue calculation; if the current optimal heating current effective value meets the iteration termination condition, proceed to step S408.

[0079] Step S408: The current optimal heating current effective value is taken as the optimal heating current effective value and input into the current effective value calculation model for calculation to obtain the reference frequency and reference duty cycle of the power switch required for the optimal heating current.

[0080] Step S409: Adjust the switching frequency and conduction time of the power switching transistors of the first heating circuit and the second heating circuit according to the reference frequency and the reference duty cycle.

[0081] Step S410: Generate the optimal heating current to self-heat the battery.

[0082] In this embodiment, by determining that the measured current and voltage values ​​are less than preset current and voltage thresholds, the real-time temperature of the battery is collected. Then, the difference between the real-time temperature and the low-temperature threshold is calculated, and the difference is compared with the preset temperature threshold. In response to the difference being less than the preset temperature threshold, the battery enters a self-heating mode. Subsequently, the voltage and impedance values ​​of the battery in the heating mode are acquired, and the optimal effective value of the heating current is calculated based on the particle swarm optimization model. Finally, the optimal effective value of the heating current is input into the current effective value calculation model for calculation to obtain the reference frequency and reference duty cycle, so as to adjust the switching frequency and conduction time of the power switching transistors of the first heating circuit and the second heating circuit respectively. This generates the optimal heating current to self-heat the battery, thereby solving the technical problem of low battery heating efficiency and achieving the technical effect of improving battery heating efficiency.

[0083] Example 3

[0084] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a battery heating device is also provided. It should be noted that this battery heating device can be used to perform a battery heating method as described in Embodiment 1.

[0085] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a battery heating device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 As shown, a battery heating device 500 may include: an acquisition unit 501, an input unit 502, and a transmission unit 503.

[0086] The acquisition unit 501 is used to acquire the voltage and impedance values ​​of the battery in heating mode.

[0087] Input unit 502 is used to input voltage and impedance values ​​into the particle swarm model to obtain the reference frequency to which the heating switch of the battery is to be adjusted and the reference duty cycle to which the heating switch is to be adjusted. The heating switch and the battery belong to the same circuit. The particle swarm model is used to characterize at least the correlation between voltage, impedance and reference frequency, and the correlation between voltage, impedance and reference duty cycle.

[0088] The transmitting unit 503 is used to generate a first control command based on a reference frequency and a reference duty cycle, and to send the first control command to the heating switch. The first control command is used to control the heating switch to adjust from the original frequency to the reference frequency, and to control the heating switch to adjust from the original duty cycle to the reference duty cycle. The reference frequency and the reference duty cycle are used to heat the battery.

[0089] Optionally, the input unit 502 may include: a matching module for inputting voltage and impedance values ​​into the particle swarm model for iterative matching to obtain the effective value of the reference current of the battery; and a determination module for determining the reference frequency and reference duty cycle based on the effective value of the reference current.

[0090] Optionally, the determining module may include: a calculation submodule, used to input the effective value of the reference current into the effective value calculation model for calculation to obtain the reference frequency and the reference duty cycle, wherein the effective value calculation model includes at least a first mapping relationship between the effective value of the reference current and the reference frequency, and a second mapping relationship between the effective value of the reference current and the reference duty cycle.

[0091] Optionally, the battery heating device 500 may further include: a first acquisition unit, configured to acquire a temperature difference between the battery temperature value and a first temperature threshold before acquiring the battery voltage value and impedance value in the heating mode; and a first adjustment unit, configured to adjust the heating switch from its original state to a closed state in response to the temperature difference being less than the target threshold, so as to switch the battery from an unheated mode to a heated mode.

[0092] Optionally, the heating device 500 of the battery may further include: a measuring unit for measuring the current value and voltage value of the circuit after sending a first control command to the heating switch; and a second adjusting unit for adjusting the heating switch from a closed state to an open state in response to the current value being greater than a current threshold and / or, in response to the voltage value being greater than a voltage threshold, so as to switch the battery from a heating mode to a non-heating mode.

[0093] Optionally, the heating device 500 of the battery may further include: a data acquisition unit for acquiring the current temperature value of the battery when the battery is in heating mode; and a first transmission unit for sending a second control command to the heating switch in response to the current temperature value being greater than a second temperature threshold, wherein the second control command is used to disconnect the heating switch to stop heating the battery.

[0094] In this embodiment, an acquisition unit is used to acquire the voltage and impedance values ​​of the battery in heating mode; an input unit is used to input the voltage and impedance values ​​into a particle swarm optimization model to obtain the reference frequency and reference duty cycle to which the battery's heating switch is to be adjusted, wherein the heating switch and the battery belong to the same circuit, and the particle swarm optimization model is used to characterize at least the correlation between the voltage and impedance values ​​and the reference frequency, and the correlation between the voltage and impedance values ​​and the reference duty cycle; a sending unit is used to generate a first control command based on the reference frequency and the reference duty cycle, and send the first control command to the heating switch, wherein the first control command is used to control the heating switch to adjust from the original frequency to the reference frequency, and to control the heating switch to adjust from the original duty cycle to the reference duty cycle. The reference frequency and the reference duty cycle are used to heat the battery, solving the technical problem of low battery heating efficiency and achieving the technical effect of improving battery heating efficiency.

[0095] Example 4

[0096] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, the storage medium including a stored program, wherein the program executes the battery heating method of Embodiment 1.

[0097] Example 5

[0098] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a processor is also provided for running a program, wherein the program is executed by the processor to perform the battery heating method in Embodiment 1.

[0099] Example 6

[0100] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a vehicle is also provided for performing any of the battery heating methods in Embodiment 1.

[0101] The sequence numbers of the above embodiments of the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0102] In the above embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0103] In the several embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for example, the division of units can be a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection of units or modules can be electrical or other forms.

[0104] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0105] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0106] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard drives, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0107] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for heating a battery, characterized in that, An application in a battery heating system, the battery heating system including an energy storage module, the energy storage module including a first energy storage module and a second energy storage module, the method comprising: Obtain the voltage and impedance values ​​of the battery in heating mode; The voltage and impedance values ​​are input into the particle swarm model for iterative matching to obtain the reference current effective value of the battery. In each iterative matching process, the currently obtained heating current effective value is compared with the iteration termination condition. If the currently obtained heating current effective value meets the iteration termination condition, the iterative matching ends and the currently obtained heating current effective value is used as the reference current effective value. If the currently obtained heating current effective value does not meet the iteration termination condition, the next iterative matching begins, and the above process is repeated until the obtained heating current effective value meets the iteration termination condition, at which point the iterative matching ends and the reference current effective value is obtained. The reference current RMS value is input into the current RMS value calculation model for calculation to obtain the reference frequency to which the heating switch of the battery should be adjusted and the reference duty cycle to which the heating switch should be adjusted. The current RMS value calculation model includes at least a first mapping relationship between the reference current RMS value and the reference frequency, and a second mapping relationship between the reference current RMS value and the reference duty cycle. The heating switch and the battery belong to the same circuit. The particle swarm model is used to characterize at least the correlation between the voltage value, the impedance value and the reference frequency, and the correlation between the voltage value, the impedance value and the reference duty cycle. A first control command is generated based on the reference frequency and the reference duty cycle, and the first control command is sent to the heating switch. The first control command is used to control the heating switch to adjust from the original frequency to the reference frequency, and to control the heating switch to adjust from the original duty cycle to the reference duty cycle. The reference frequency and the reference duty cycle are used to heat the battery, and the heating switch is used to control the heating circuit to be turned on to heat the battery. The heating circuit includes a first heating circuit and a second heating circuit. The first heating circuit includes a first power switch, a first inductor, a first capacitor, and a first semiconductor element. The input terminal of the first power switch is connected to the positive terminal of the battery. The other end of the first power switch is connected to one end of the first inductor and one end of the first semiconductor element. The other end of the first inductor is connected to one end of the first capacitor. The other end of the first capacitor is connected to the other end of the first semiconductor element and is connected to the negative terminal of the battery. The second heating circuit includes a second power switch, a second inductor, a second capacitor, and a second semiconductor element. The input terminal of the second power switch is connected to the positive terminal of the battery. The other end of the second power switch is connected to one end of the second inductor and one end of the second semiconductor element. The other end of the second inductor is connected to one end of the second capacitor. The other end of the second capacitor is connected to the other end of the second semiconductor element and is connected to the negative terminal of the battery. The first energy storage module is connected in parallel with the first capacitor, and the second energy storage module is connected in parallel with the second capacitor. The method further includes: measuring the current value and voltage value of the circuit; and adjusting the heating switch from a closed state to an open state in response to the current value being greater than a current threshold and the voltage value being greater than a voltage threshold, so that the battery is switched from the heating mode to the non-heating mode.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before obtaining the voltage and impedance values ​​of the battery in heating mode, the method further includes: Obtain the temperature difference between the battery's temperature value and a first temperature threshold. In response to the temperature difference being less than a target threshold, the heating switch is adjusted from its original state to a closed state, so that the battery is switched from an unheated mode to the heated mode.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the battery is in the heating mode, the current temperature value of the battery is collected; In response to the current temperature value being greater than a second temperature threshold, a second control command is sent to the heating switch, wherein the second control command is used to disconnect the heating switch to stop heating the battery.

4. A heating device for a battery, characterized in that, An application in a battery heating system, the battery heating system including an energy storage module, the energy storage module including a first energy storage module and a second energy storage module, the device comprising: The acquisition unit is used to acquire the voltage and impedance values ​​of the battery in heating mode; An input unit is used to input the voltage value and the impedance value into a particle swarm model for iterative matching to obtain the reference current effective value of the battery. The reference current effective value is then input into a current effective value calculation model for calculation to obtain the reference frequency to which the heating switch of the battery is to be adjusted and the reference duty cycle to which the heating switch is to be adjusted. The current effective value calculation model includes at least a first mapping relationship between the reference current effective value and the reference frequency, and a second mapping relationship between the reference current effective value and the reference duty cycle. A transmitting unit is configured to generate a first control command based on the reference frequency and the reference duty cycle, and to send the first control command to the heating switch, wherein the first control command is configured to control the heating switch to adjust from the original frequency to the reference frequency, and to control the heating switch to adjust from the original duty cycle to the reference duty cycle, the reference frequency and the reference duty cycle are used to heat the battery, the heating switch is configured to control the connection of the heating circuit to heat the battery, the heating switch and the battery belong to the same circuit, and the particle swarm model is used at least to characterize the correlation between the voltage value, the impedance value and the reference frequency, and the correlation between the voltage value, the impedance value and the reference duty cycle; The heating circuit includes a first heating circuit and a second heating circuit. The first heating circuit includes a first power switch, a first inductor, a first capacitor, and a first semiconductor element. The input terminal of the first power switch is connected to the positive terminal of the battery. The other end of the first power switch is connected to one end of the first inductor and one end of the first semiconductor element. The other end of the first inductor is connected to one end of the first capacitor. The other end of the first capacitor is connected to the other end of the first semiconductor element and is connected to the negative terminal of the battery. The second heating circuit includes a second power switch, a second inductor, a second capacitor, and a second semiconductor element. The input terminal of the second power switch is connected to the positive terminal of the battery. The other end of the second power switch is connected to one end of the second inductor and one end of the second semiconductor element. The other end of the second inductor is connected to one end of the second capacitor. The other end of the second capacitor is connected to the other end of the second semiconductor element and is connected to the negative terminal of the battery. The first energy storage module is connected in parallel with the first capacitor, and the second energy storage module is connected in parallel with the second capacitor. The device is also used to measure the current and voltage values ​​of the circuit; in response to the current value being greater than a current threshold and the voltage value being greater than a voltage threshold, the heating switch is adjusted from a closed state to an open state, so that the battery is switched from the heating mode to the non-heating mode.

5. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, wherein, when the program is executed, it controls the device on which the computer-readable storage medium is located to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

6. A processor, characterized in that, The processor is used to run a program, wherein the program is executed by the processor to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

7. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle is used to perform the heating method of the battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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