Facet s-band antenna and aircraft

Abstract

The application discloses an excipient S-band antenna and an aircraft. The antenna comprises a bottom plate, an antenna oscillator arranged on the bottom plate, an antenna connector, a dielectric substrate and a microstrip line arranged on the dielectric substrate. Two ends of the microstrip line are electrically connected with the antenna oscillator and the antenna connector respectively. The antenna oscillator comprises a first oscillator part fixed on the bottom plate and a second oscillator part perpendicular to the first oscillator part. The application has the advantages of small volume, light weight, simple and reliable structure, few assembly steps, low process complexity and convenient installation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a shaped S-band antenna and an aircraft. Background Technology

[0002] An aircraft is a device that flies within or outside the atmosphere (space). An aircraft antenna is a device on the aircraft used to radiate and receive radio waves. Its principle is that the transmitting antenna converts the alternating current electromagnetic energy sent by the oscillator (transmitter) into electromagnetic wave (radio wave) energy that propagates into a certain space. The receiving antenna obtains electromagnetic wave energy from the surrounding space and transmits it to the receiving equipment.

[0003] Most common shaped S-band antennas in existing technology are helical antennas, which consist of a highly conductive metal helix. They are typically fed by a coaxial cable, with the center wire of the coaxial cable connected to one end of the helix, and the outer conductor of the coaxial cable connected to a grounded metal mesh (or plate). However, traditional helical antennas in the S-band are usually very large and heavy, making them difficult to install or mount on aircraft. When applied to aircraft, they are greatly affected by vibration environments, failing to meet high reliability requirements. Furthermore, the feeding network of helical antennas is complex, making them difficult to manufacture.

[0004] Therefore, in order to meet the specific flight range and flight attitude requirements of aircraft, it is crucial to install small, lightweight, reliable, and easy-to-install antennas on aircraft for effective reception and transmission of radio frequency signals. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a shaped S-band antenna to solve the technical problem of complex structure and manufacturing process of existing shaped S-band antennas.

[0006] The present invention provides a shaped S-band antenna, including a base plate, an antenna vibrator disposed on the base plate, an antenna connector, a dielectric substrate, and a microstrip line disposed on the dielectric substrate. The two ends of the microstrip line are electrically connected to the antenna vibrator and the antenna connector, respectively. The antenna vibrator includes a first vibrator portion fixed on the base plate and a second vibrator portion perpendicular to the first vibrator portion.

[0007] Furthermore, the antenna also includes a first guide element fixed on the base plate. The first guide element includes a first guide portion connected to the base plate and a second guide portion perpendicular to the first guide portion. The second guide portion is parallel to the second vibrator portion.

[0008] Furthermore, the antenna also includes a second guiding element fixed on the base plate, the second guiding element being perpendicular to the base plate.

[0009] Furthermore, the first directional oscillator, the second directional oscillator, and the base plate are all made of metal, and the first directional oscillator and the second directional oscillator, together with the base plate, perform directional adjustment of the directional oscillator in a passive manner.

[0010] Furthermore, the first guiding element is disposed near the center of the base plate, the antenna element is disposed on one side near the base plate, and the second guiding element is disposed on the other side near the base plate.

[0011] Furthermore, the antenna connector is disposed on the lower surface of the base plate, the dielectric substrate is disposed on the upper surface of the base plate, the microstrip line is disposed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and the antenna vibrator is disposed on the upper side of the dielectric substrate.

[0012] Furthermore, the antenna also includes a capacitor, which includes a first connection terminal and a second connection terminal. The microstrip line includes a first sub-line and a second sub-line. The two ends of the first sub-line are respectively connected to the antenna connector and the first connection terminal, and the two ends of the second sub-line are respectively connected to the antenna vibrator and the second connection terminal.

[0013] Furthermore, a first groove is provided on the base plate, and the dielectric substrate is disposed in the first groove, with the upper surface of the dielectric substrate not higher than the upper surface of the base plate; a second groove is provided on the dielectric substrate, and the microstrip line is disposed in the second groove, with the upper surface of the microstrip line not higher than the upper surface of the dielectric substrate.

[0014] Furthermore, the base plate is provided with an antenna bracket, which supports the second vibrator; the antenna also includes a housing covering the upper side of the base plate.

[0015] The present invention also provides an aircraft comprising the above-described shaped S-band antenna.

[0016] The shaped S-band antenna of the present invention has the following advantages: the use of microstrip lines to electrically connect the antenna element and the antenna connector makes the antenna smaller and lighter; the antenna element includes a first element part and a second element part, which reduces the antenna size and improves structural reliability; the overall structure is simpler than the prior art, with fewer assembly steps, reducing process complexity and making installation more convenient.

[0017] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this specification. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional assembly diagram of the shaped S-band antenna of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A three-dimensional assembly diagram of the components of a shaped S-band antenna after removing the housing.

[0021] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Top view of each component.

[0022] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the connection structure between the central antenna element and the two guiding elements.

[0023] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna support.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the shaped S-band antenna of the present invention with an aircraft.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting angle of the shaped S-band antenna of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the requirements for the gain pattern of the shaped S-band antenna of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the shaped S-band antenna of this invention.

[0028] Figure 10 According to one embodiment of the present invention, the shaped S-band antenna has a three-dimensional radiation pattern when it does not have a first guide element and a second guide element.

[0029] Figure 11 According to one embodiment of the present invention, the shaped S-band antenna has a two-dimensional radiation pattern when it does not have a first guide element and a second guide element.

[0030] Figure 12 According to one embodiment of the present invention, the shaped S-band antenna has a three-dimensional radiation pattern when it has a first directional dipole and a second directional dipole.

[0031] Figure 13 According to one embodiment of the present invention, the shaped S-band antenna has a two-dimensional radiation pattern when it has a first directional dipole and a second directional dipole.

[0032] Reference numerals: Aircraft, 1; Base plate, 10; Dielectric substrate, 20; Microstrip line, 201; First sub-line, 2011; Second sub-line, 2012; Capacitor, 202; Antenna element, 30; First element part, 301; Second element part, 302; First connecting part, 303; Antenna connector, 40; Housing, 50; Antenna bracket, 60; Fixing part, 601; Support part, 602; Slot, 603; First guiding element, 70; First guiding part, 701; Second guiding part, 702; Second connecting part, 703; Second guiding element, 80; Third connecting part, 801. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a more detailed description is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. However, the invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of the invention.

[0034] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. The term "and / or" as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0035] In the description of this invention, non-limiting terms are used. Figure 1 The labels “front,” “back,” “up,” “down,” “left,” and “right” shown are used to facilitate understanding of this embodiment and are not intended to limit the invention. Specifically, front and back represent the horizontal direction, left and right represent the vertical direction, and up and down represent the vertical direction.

[0036] The embodiments described in this specification will now be described in detail.

[0037] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this invention discloses a shaped S-band antenna, including a base plate 10, an antenna element 30 disposed on the base plate, an antenna connector 40, a dielectric substrate 20, and a microstrip line 201 disposed on the dielectric substrate 20. The two ends of the microstrip line 201 are electrically connected to the antenna element 30 and the antenna connector 40, respectively. The antenna element 30 includes a first element portion 301 fixed vertically on the base plate 10 and a second element portion 302 perpendicularly connected to the first element portion 301. To improve gain, in the illustrated embodiment, the antenna further includes a first guide element 70 and a second guide element 80.

[0038] This invention can be installed on aerospace vehicles. The antenna, in conjunction with other components, establishes a channel for transmission between the vehicle and the ground control center, enabling telemetry, tracking, and communication. Where specific shaping requirements can be met, a microstrip line 201 is used to electrically connect the antenna element 30 and the antenna connector 40, resulting in a smaller and lighter antenna. The antenna element 30 includes a first element section 301 and a second element section 302, reducing the antenna size and improving structural reliability. The overall structure is simpler than existing technologies, with fewer assembly steps, reduced manufacturing complexity, and easier installation.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, the dielectric substrate 20 is disposed on the upper surface of the base plate 10, and the antenna connector 40 is disposed at the center of the lower surface of the base plate 10. Both the base plate 10 and the dielectric substrate 20 are square in shape, with their lengths aligned, and one end of the dielectric substrate 20 located at the center of the base plate 10. The base plate 10 has openings (not labeled) for mounting the antenna vibrator 30, the first guide vibrator 70, and the second guide vibrator 80. A housing 50 adapted to the base plate 10 can be provided on the outer side of the base plate 10 to protect the antenna vibrator 30 and other components disposed on the base plate 10.

[0040] A first groove (not labeled) is provided on the base plate 10, and the dielectric substrate 20 is disposed in the first groove, such that the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 20 is lower than the upper surface of the base plate 10, or the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 20 is flush with the upper surface of the base plate 10. This prevents the dielectric substrate 20 from protruding from the base plate 10, allowing the base plate 10 to provide a certain degree of protection for the dielectric substrate 20 and ensuring the reliability of the antenna structure. The base plate 10 is made of metal, and the housing 50 is made of electromagnetic wave-transmitting materials such as glass fiber, reinforced resin, or ceramic matrix.

[0041] A microstrip line 201 is disposed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 20. A second groove (not labeled) is formed along the length of the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 20, and the microstrip line 201 is disposed within the second groove, such that the upper surface of the microstrip line 201 is lower than or flush with the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 20. This prevents the microstrip line 201 from protruding from the dielectric substrate 20, providing a degree of protection for the microstrip line 201 and ensuring the reliability of the antenna structure. The dielectric substrate 20 is made of epoxy resin or glass cloth, etc.

[0042] like Figure 3As shown in the illustrated embodiment, the antenna further includes a capacitor 202 for impedance matching. The capacitor 202 includes a first connection terminal and a second connection terminal, and the microstrip line 201 includes a first sub-line 2011 and a second sub-line 2012. The two ends of the first sub-line 2011 are respectively connected to the antenna connector 40 and the first connection terminal of the capacitor 202, and the two ends of the second sub-line 2012 are respectively connected to the antenna element 30 and the second connection terminal of the capacitor 202.

[0043] Preferably, the capacitance of capacitor 202 is 2.2 pF. The length of the second sub-line 2012 is one-quarter of the wavelength, and the impedance is adjusted through the second sub-line 2012.

[0044] The antenna element 30 is disposed on the upper side of the dielectric substrate 20 and is made of metal. The antenna element 30 includes a first element portion 301, a second element portion 302, and a first connecting portion 303. The first element portion 301 is cylindrical and fixed to the base plate 10, while the second element portion 302 is cuboid. The first element portion 301 and the second element portion 302 are integrally formed to ensure the reliability of the antenna structure. The second element portion 302 is arranged parallel to the width direction of the base plate 10. The orientation of the second element portion 302 is the direction of the strongest antenna radiation intensity, and the orientation of the second element portion 302 can be selectively set according to different design requirements. The first connecting portion 303 is provided at the lower end of the first element portion 301, and the first connecting portion 303 is fixedly inserted into the base plate 10 to fix the antenna element 30 and ensure the firm connection between the antenna element 30 and the base plate 10.

[0045] The antenna also includes an antenna bracket 60 mounted on the base plate 10 to support the second element portion 302 of the antenna element 30. The antenna bracket 60 can be made of nylon. Figure 5 As shown, the antenna bracket 60 includes a horizontally arranged fixing part 601 and a vertically arranged support part 602. The fixing part 601 is fixedly connected to the base plate 10, and the upper end of the support part 602 is provided with a slot 603, which is adapted to the second vibrator part 302. The slot 603 is used to hold the second vibrator part 302 of the antenna vibrator 30, support the antenna vibrator 30, prevent the antenna vibrator 30 from deforming due to external forces during use, and enhance the reliability of the antenna structure.

[0046] like Figure 4As shown, the first guide element 70 includes a first guide portion 701, a second guide portion 702, and a second connecting portion 703. The first guide portion 701 is vertically fixed to the base plate 10 and is cylindrical. The second guide portion 702 is perpendicularly connected to the first guide portion 701 and is cuboid in shape. The second guide portion 702 is parallel to the second vibrator portion 302. The length of the second guide portion 702 is less than the length of the second vibrator portion 302. The height of the first guide element 70 is equal to or less than the height of the antenna vibrator 30. The second connecting portion 703 is provided at the lower end of the first guide portion 701. The second connecting portion 703 is fixedly inserted into the base plate 10 to fix the first guide element 70 and ensure the firmness of the connection between the first guide element 70 and the base plate 10.

[0047] The second guide oscillator 80 is vertically fixed on the base plate 10 and is cylindrical in shape. A third connecting part 801 is provided at the lower end of the second guide oscillator 80. The third connecting part 801 is fixedly inserted into the base plate 10 to fix the second guide oscillator 80 and ensure the firmness of the connection between the second guide oscillator 80 and the base plate 10.

[0048] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the first guide element 70 is positioned near the center of the base plate 10, the antenna element 30 is positioned on one side of the base plate 10 along its length, and the second guide element 80 is positioned on the other side of the base plate 10 along its length. The first guide element 70 and the second guide element 80 increase the antenna element 30's position within the base plate 10.

[0049] Gain parallel to the base plate 10 direction shapes the beam, greatly improving the gain in the working space and satisfying the distribution of the radiation pattern qualification rate.

[0050] The first guide element 70, the second guide element 80, and the base plate 10 are all made of metal. The first guide element 70 and the second guide element 80 do not need to be electrically connected to the antenna connector 40; they achieve the guiding effect simply by combining with the metal base plate 10. Therefore, the first guide element 70 and the second guide element 80 are based on...

[0051] The radiation pattern of the antenna element 30 can be adjusted passively, reducing power consumption and minimizing the number of circuit connections.

[0052] The present invention also provides an aircraft 1, including the aforementioned antenna. For example... Figure 6 As shown, two antennas are mounted on the aircraft 1, located on opposite sides of the aircraft 1. The antenna base plate 10 is parallel to the axis of the aircraft 1, the direction of the second oscillator 302 is perpendicular to the axis, and the first guide oscillator 70 or the second guide oscillator 80 is located near the tail of the aircraft 1. The arrows in the figure point to the nose of the aircraft, which also indicates the flight direction.

[0053] 5 such as Figure 6 As shown, the antenna's azimuth angle β is the angle of the aircraft's meridional plane, relative to the aircraft's flight direction.

[0054] It starts at 0° and extends 180° from the nose to the tail of the aircraft. For example... Figure 7 As shown, the antenna installation angle α is the bisector angle of the equatorial plane of the aircraft. Looking from the nose to the tail of the aircraft, with the III quadrant of the aircraft as 0°, the antenna rotates counterclockwise, passing through the IV, I, and II quadrants in sequence, for a total of 360°.

[0055] Preferably, the installation angle α of one antenna is 221.7°±1°. The installation angle α of the other antenna is 0.30.5°±1°.

[0056] Furthermore, taking a specific embodiment as an example, the design requirements for the antenna of the aircraft are that the standing wave ratio of the antenna is ≤1.5 in the frequency band of 2.2785GHz±0.01GHz, and the antenna polarization mode is linear polarization.

[0057] The requirements for antenna gain pattern are as follows: Figure 8 As shown, from Figure 8 As can be seen from this, when the azimuth angle β is 40°5-50°, that is, the angle between the front side of the aircraft and the flight direction is 30°-60°, it is necessary to

[0058] The antenna gain is greater than -6dB. At a azimuth angle β of 140°, i.e., the rear side of the aircraft (the angle between the azimuth angle and the flight direction is 130°-150°), the gain is at its maximum and greater than -2dB. In other words, the rear side of the aircraft is the direction from which the maximum gain is required.

[0059] The dimensions of the housing 50 are 95mm × 70mm × 21mm, and the height of the antenna element 30 is 16mm. The diameter of the first element 301 is 1mm-2mm, the length of the second element 302 is 15mm-20mm, the height of the first guide element 70 is 16mm, the diameter of the first guide element 701 is 1mm-2mm, the length of the second guide element 702 is 8mm-10mm, and the height of the second guide element 80 is 16mm, with a diameter of 1mm-2mm. The standing wave ratio of this antenna is... Figure 9 As shown. Figure 9 The horizontal axis Freq represents frequency, and the vertical axis VSWR represents standing wave ratio. Figure 9 As can be seen from this, the antenna operates at a frequency of

[0060] The standing wave ratio (SWR) between 2.2685 GHz and 2.2885 GHz is 1.3521-1.2524. This SWR is less than the design requirement of 1.5, and therefore meets the design requirements.

[0061] When neither the first guiding oscillator 70 nor the second guiding oscillator 80 is present, its radiation pattern is as follows: Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, in Figure 10 In the diagram, the Z-direction represents the flight direction, theta represents the angle on the H-plane of the antenna, the X-direction is perpendicular to the flight direction, and phi represents the angle on the E-plane. Figure 11 In the diagram, the horizontal axis theta represents the angle on the H-plane of the antenna, the vertical axis Gain represents the gain, and phi represents the angle on the E-plane. The H-plane is the plane formed by the antenna's maximum radiation direction and the magnetic field direction, while the E-plane is the plane formed by the antenna's maximum radiation direction and the electric field direction.

[0062] exist Figure 10 As can be seen, the main lobe of the antenna pattern is located on the oblique front and oblique rear sides of the antenna, with a maximum gain of 6.708 dB. Figure 10 In the diagram, the area within the dashed line A represents the width of its main lobe.

[0063] exist Figure 11 The gain can be observed at phi = 30°, phi = 60°, phi = 90°, phi = 120°, and phi = 150°. When phi = 30° and theta = 50°, the gain is approximately 5.8 dB; when phi = 30° and theta = 140°, the gain is approximately 5 dB. Similarly, when phi = 150° and theta = 50°, the gain is approximately 5.8 dB; and when phi = 150° and theta = 140°, the gain is approximately 5 dB. However, when phi = 60° and theta = 35°, the gain is approximately 6.7 dB; and when phi = 60° and theta = 140°, the gain is approximately 5.8 dB. This means that the maximum gain is not located at the rear of the aircraft.

[0064] This invention alters the antenna's radiation pattern and gain by adding a first guide element 70 and a second guide element 80. When the first guide element 70 and the second guide element 80 are present, the radiation pattern is as follows: Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown. In Figure 12 In the diagram, the Z-direction represents the flight direction, theta represents the angle on the H-plane of the antenna, the X-direction is perpendicular to the flight direction, and phi represents the angle on the E-plane. Figure 13 In the diagram, the horizontal axis theta represents the angle on the H-plane of the antenna, the vertical axis Gain represents the gain, and phi represents the angle on the E-plane. The H-plane is the plane formed by the antenna's maximum radiation direction and the magnetic field direction, while the E-plane is the plane formed by the antenna's maximum radiation direction and the electric field direction.

[0065] exist Figure 12 As can be seen, the main lobe of the antenna pattern is located on the oblique front and oblique rear sides of the antenna, with a maximum gain of 8.0032 dB. Figure 12 In the figure, the area within the dashed line B is the width of its main lobe. As can be seen from the figure, compared with the absence of the first guide element 70 and the second guide element 80, the width of the main lobe is significantly narrower, which can improve the antenna's directivity, effective range and anti-interference capability.

[0066] exist Figure 13 The gain can be seen when phi = 30°, phi = 60°, phi = 90°, phi = 120°, or phi = 150°. When phi = 60° and theta = 140°, the gain is approximately 8.01 dB. That is to say, the direction of the maximum gain is changed to the rear side of the aircraft through the first guide oscillator 70 and the second guide oscillator 80, which meets the design requirements.

[0067] Therefore, the present invention discloses a shaped S-band antenna, which has the advantages of small size, light weight, simple and reliable structure, and easy installation.

[0068] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application in any way. Although this application has disclosed the preferred embodiment as above, it is not intended to limit this application. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical solution of this application. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this application without departing from the content of the technical solution of this application shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of this application.

Claims

1. A shaped S-band antenna, characterized in that, The device includes a base plate, an antenna vibrator mounted on the base plate, an antenna connector, a dielectric substrate, and a microstrip line mounted on the dielectric substrate. The two ends of the microstrip line are electrically connected to the antenna vibrator and the antenna connector, respectively. The antenna vibrator includes a first vibrator portion fixed on the base plate and a second vibrator portion perpendicular to the first vibrator portion. A first groove is provided on the base plate, and the dielectric substrate is disposed in the first groove. The upper surface of the dielectric substrate is not higher than the upper surface of the base plate. A second groove is provided on the dielectric substrate, and the microstrip line is disposed in the second groove. The upper surface of the microstrip line is not higher than the upper surface of the dielectric substrate. The antenna further includes a first guiding element fixed on the base plate. The first guiding element includes a first guiding part connected to the base plate and a second guiding part perpendicular to the first guiding part. The second guiding part is parallel to the second guiding element part. The antenna also includes a second guiding element fixed on the base plate, the second guiding element being perpendicular to the base plate; The first directional vibrator, the second directional vibrator, and the base plate are all made of metal. The first directional vibrator and the second directional vibrator, together with the base plate, passively adjust the radiation direction of the antenna vibrator.

2. The shaped S-band antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first guiding element is disposed near the center of the base plate, the antenna element is disposed on the side near the base plate, and the second guiding element is disposed on the other side near the base plate.

3. The shaped S-band antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna connector is disposed on the lower surface of the base plate, the dielectric substrate is disposed on the upper surface of the base plate, the microstrip line is disposed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and the antenna vibrator is disposed on the upper side of the dielectric substrate.

4. The shaped S-band antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna also includes a capacitor, which has a first connection terminal and a second connection terminal. The microstrip line includes a first sub-line and a second sub-line. The two ends of the first sub-line are respectively connected to the antenna connector and the first connection terminal, and the two ends of the second sub-line are respectively connected to the antenna vibrator and the second connection terminal.

5. The shaped S-band antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base plate is provided with an antenna bracket, which supports the second vibrator; the antenna also includes a housing covering the upper side of the base plate.

6. An aircraft, characterized in that, Includes the shaped S-band antenna as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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