A method for improving the survival rate of olive tree transplanting and quickly bearing fruit

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the survival rate of olive tree transplantation and rapid fruit bearing. The method is to burn the roots with straw and perform high grafting at the same time when transplanting large olive trees. The straw is used to burn the cut ends of the roots of the large olive trees, and the burning temperature of the straw flame is controlled at 300±5°C. The survival rate of the transplanted olive trees reaches more than 95%, which effectively solves the problem of low survival rate of conventional transplantation of olive trees. Fruit can be produced in the second year after transplantation and grafting, which solves the problem that olives can only produce fruits after many years of planting, shortens the olive planting cycle of fruit farmers, and improves the benefits of olive planting for fruit farmers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of fruit tree planting, and in particular relates to a method for improving the survival rate of olive tree transplanting and quickly bearing fruit. Background Art

[0002] Green olives are native to southern China and are grown in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan and other provinces (autonomous regions). They are one of the famous tropical and subtropical fruits. Countries that cultivate olives in the world include China, Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, the Philippines, India and Malaysia. Because they taste astringent when first eaten, but are sweet and delicious after chewing for a long time, and have an endless aftertaste, people call olives "the fruit of heaven". Green olives are rich in protein, carbohydrates, fat, vitamin C, and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, and iron. The content of vitamin C is 10 times that of apples and 5 times that of pears and peaches. The calcium content is also high and easily absorbed by the human body.

[0003] Before the 1990s, olive cultivation was mostly carried out by seed propagation. In the 1990s, olive nutrient bag grafted seedlings and grafted seedlings were used for planting, but they grew slowly after planting, had weak tree vigor, short crowns, and low yields. Therefore, these two types of grafted seedlings gradually became less common in production.

[0004] At present, the production mostly adopts seedling grafting and large tree grafting, so seedling transplanting is a very important link in olive production and planting. However, the survival rate of olive tree transplanting is low, mainly affected by the following factors: 1. Because the main root of olive tree is well-developed, the lateral root is few; 2. The wood is loose and the surface tissue is latex, which cannot absorb water from the soil in time after transplanting; 3. The root is partially damaged during transplantation, the tree evaporates a lot of water, and the sap is more, which leads to the destruction of the water balance between the aboveground and underground parts of the tree. The survival rate of large tree transplanting is extremely poor, sometimes basically no survival, although the survival rate of seedlings (commonly known as 2-3 leaves) transplanting reaches 70%-90%, it will take more than 10 years for the seedlings to grow to the point where they can be grafted or grafted. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for improving the transplant survival rate of olive trees and quickly bearing fruit. The transplant survival rate of large olive trees grown by the method of the present invention reaches more than 95%, and the trees can bear fruit in the second year after transplantation and grafting.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions

[0007] A method for improving the survival rate of olive tree transplanting and quickly bearing fruit comprises the following steps:

[0008] 1) Transplanting time: mid-March to before Qingming Festival (before new buds sprout).

[0009] 2) Selection of olive seedling trees: Generally, large trees with a breast diameter greater than 10 cm and less than 15 cm are selected.

[0010] 3) Digging up olive seedlings: Before digging up olive seedlings, mark the trunks and determine the size of the soil ball. The diameter should be 5-7 times the tree's diameter at breast height, and the height of the soil ball should be 58-60 cm. When digging up the soil ball, first dig a circle of a certain size with the trunk as the center, then remove the surrounding loose soil, and then dig outward and downward around the circle until the required height is reached. Then slowly remove the soil from the outside to the trunk, and use pruning shears to cut off broken roots of different sizes. Broken roots with a diameter greater than 1.5 cm should be retained at a length of 45±1 cm, and broken roots with a diameter less than 1.5 cm should be retained at a length of 30±1 cm.

[0011] 4) Straw fire: ignite the bundled straw and use it to burn the cut ends of the roots. The flame burning temperature is controlled at 300±5℃ and burn until the phloem turns black, which takes about 1 minute.

[0012] 5) High grafting and tree maintenance: Saw the trunk short, leaving the main trunk at 1.5m in height, leaving 2 to 3 first-level forked main branches with a length of 30±1cm, and perform high grafting on the forked main branches. Wrap the entire trunk tightly with plastic wrap to prevent dehydration and infection of the saw cut and grafting site.

[0013] 6) Tree planting: The tree pit should be dug half a month before planting. The size of the hole should be 60 cm × 60 cm. When digging the pit, attention should be paid to the smoothness of the pit wall and the separate stacking of the topsoil and subsoil. After the tree pit is dug, the topsoil and subsoil should be mixed evenly and irrigated with 800 times of naphthaleneacetic acid rooting agent and then backfilled into the pit. The surface should be covered with soil 20 to 30 cm above the ground. When planting, the tree trunk should be straight, the soil should be piled in layers and compacted with feet. After the planting is completed, enough rooting water should be poured and a layer of topsoil 20 cm above the ground should be piled. The tree tray should be covered with plastic film or covered with straw to maintain humidity.

[0014] 7) Survival rate survey: The survival rate survey was conducted 45 days after transplanting.

[0015] 8) Management of transplanted trees: Transplanted trees have cuts on their roots. In spring, the sap flows quickly, and a large amount of tannin overflows from the cuts. Tannin oxidation seriously hinders the formation of callus tissue at the cuts. Therefore, no fertilizer should be applied within one year after transplanting, and the amount of water should be properly controlled to minimize infection of the cut roots. After one year, when the wound heals naturally and new roots grow, start to fertilize with a small amount of water to ensure the normal growth and development of the tree.

[0016] 9) Rooting status survey: Conduct a root growth survey one year after the olive trees have been transplanted.

[0017] 10) Investigation on the fruiting situation of high grafting: Olive trees were transplanted and high grafted to replace the original trees. In the autumn of the second year, a high grafting result investigation was conducted. Five trees were randomly investigated each year, and it was found that each high graft had fruit.

[0018] The present invention adopts the above technical scheme. When transplanting a large olive tree, the root is burned with straw and high grafting is performed at the same time, which is an effective method for improving the survival rate of olive transplanting and quickly bearing fruits.

[0019] In the present invention, considering that the root system of the transplanted tree has a cut, the sap flows quickly in spring, the water, tannin and nutrients in the tree flow out of the cut, the amount of tannin overflowing is large, and the tannin oxidation will seriously hinder the formation of callus tissue at the cut. Therefore, straw is used to burn the cut of the roots of the large olive seedling trees to burn the surface layer of the cut to form a protective film, which can not only prevent the water, tannin and nutrients in the tree from flowing out of the cut, but also prevent infection at the root cut.

[0020] Since olive trees have well-developed taproots and few lateral roots, direct digging up the roots will cause serious damage and make it difficult for the plants to survive after planting. Therefore, the present invention adopts a method of digging up the roots with a soil ball to reduce root damage and improve the survival rate of transplanting.

[0021] In addition, steps 4 and 9) of the present invention can effectively solve the problems that the xylem is loose in texture and the surface tissue is sap-rich, and the tree cannot absorb water from the soil in time after transplanting; the roots are partially damaged during transplantation, the tree evaporates a lot of water, and the sap bleeds more, resulting in the destruction of the water balance between the aboveground and underground parts of the tree.

[0022] From 2018 to 2020, we used straw to burn the root cuts of large olive seedlings. The burning temperature of the straw flame was controlled at 200±5℃, 300±5℃, and 400±5℃, and burned until the phloem turned black for 1 minute. After on-site investigation, the straw flame burning temperature was best controlled at 300±5℃. The survival rate of transplanted olive trees reached more than 95%, effectively solving the problem of low survival rate of conventional transplanting of olive trees. The trees can bear fruit in the second year after transplanting and grafting, solving the problem that olives have to bear fruit many years after planting, shortening the olive planting cycle for fruit farmers and improving the benefits of olive planting for fruit farmers. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention, which further illustrate the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0024] A method for improving the survival rate of olive tree transplanting and quickly bearing fruit comprises the following steps:

[0025] 1) Transplanting time: from mid-March to before Qingming Festival (before new buds sprout) in 2018, 2019 and 2020.

[0026] 2) Selection of olive seedling trees: Select large trees with a breast diameter greater than 10 cm and less than 15 cm.

[0027] 3) Digging up olive seedlings: Before digging up olive seedlings, mark the trunks and determine the size of the soil ball. The diameter should be 5-7 times the tree's diameter at breast height, and the height of the soil ball should be 58-60 cm. When digging up the soil ball, first dig a circle of a certain size with the trunk as the center, then remove the surrounding loose soil, and then dig outward and downward around the circle until the required height (58-60 cm) is reached. Then slowly remove the soil from the outside to the trunk, and use pruning shears to cut off broken roots of different sizes. Broken roots with a diameter greater than 1.5 cm will be retained at a length of 45±1 cm, and broken roots with a diameter less than 1.5 cm will be retained at a length of 30±1 cm.

[0028] 4) Straw fire root burning: ignite the bundled straw and use it to burn the cut ends of the roots. The flame combustion temperature is controlled at 200℃, 300℃, and 400℃ respectively. Burn until the phloem turns black, which takes about 1 minute.

[0029] 5) High grafting and tree maintenance: Saw the trunk short, leaving the main trunk at 1.5m in height, leaving 2 to 3 first-level forked main branches with a length of 30±1cm, and perform high grafting on the forked main branches. Wrap the entire trunk tightly with plastic wrap to prevent dehydration and infection of the saw cut and grafting site.

[0030] 6) Tree planting: The tree pit should be dug half a month before planting. The size of the hole should be 60 cm × 60 cm. When digging the pit, pay attention to the smoothness of the pit wall and separate the topsoil and subsoil. After digging the tree pit, mix the topsoil and subsoil evenly and water them with 800 times naphthaleneacetic acid rooting agent before backfilling the pit and covering the surface with soil 20 to 30 cm above the ground. When planting, keep the tree trunk straight, pile the soil in layers and tamp it down with your feet. After the planting is completed, water enough rooting water and pile a layer of topsoil 20 cm above the ground. Cover the tree pit with plastic film or use measures such as covering straw to maintain humidity.

[0031] 7) Survival rate survey: The survival rate survey was conducted 45 days after transplanting. The survey results are shown in Table 1.

[0032] 8) Management of transplanted trees: Transplanted trees have cuts on their roots. In spring, the sap flows quickly, and a large amount of tannin overflows from the cuts. Tannin oxidation seriously hinders the formation of callus tissue at the cuts. Therefore, no fertilizer should be applied within one year after transplanting, and the amount of water should be properly controlled to minimize infection of the cut roots. After one year, when the wound heals naturally and new roots grow, start to fertilize with a small amount of water to ensure the normal growth and development of the tree.

[0033] 9) Rooting survey: One year after the olive trees were transplanted and survived, a root growth survey was conducted, and it was found that a circle of callus tissue was formed at the cut end, and new roots grew from the wound, reaching a length of more than 10 cm.

[0034] 10) Investigation on the fruiting situation of high grafting: Olive trees were transplanted and high grafted to replace the original trees. In the autumn of the second year, a high grafting result investigation was conducted. Five trees were randomly investigated each year, and it was found that each high graft had fruit.

[0035] Table 1 Survival rate and grafting survival rate of transplanted olive seedlings treated with straw fire at different temperatures from 2018 to 2020

[0036]

[0037] Note: In the table, the survival rate refers to the survival rate of transplanted large trees, and the grafting survival rate refers to the grafting survival rate of high-grafting and replacement of seeds after transplanting.

[0038] As can be seen from Table 1, after the root cuts were treated with straw burning at 300℃ for 1 minute and then transplanted, the survival rate of transplanted olive trees reached more than 95%, which effectively solved the problem of low survival rate of conventional transplanted olive trees. In addition, the high-grafted results of olive trees were investigated in the autumn of the second year, and 5 trees were randomly surveyed each year. It was found that each high-grafted tree had fruit, which solved the problem that olives took many years to produce fruits after planting, shortened the olive planting cycle of fruit farmers, and improved the benefits of olive planting for fruit farmers.

[0039] Table 2 Survival rate of transplanted olive seedlings using straw 300℃ burning and grafting in 2018-2020

[0040]

[0041]

Claims

1. A method for improving the survival rate of olive tree transplanting and rapid fruiting, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Transplanting time: mid-March to before Qingming Festival; 2) Selection of olive seedling trees: select large trees with a breast diameter greater than 10 cm and less than 15 cm; 3) Digging up olive seedlings: Before digging up olive seedlings, mark the trunk and determine the size of the soil ball. The diameter is 5-7 times the tree's diameter at breast height and the height is 58-60 cm. When digging up the soil ball, dig a circle with the trunk as the center, remove the loose soil around it, and then dig outward and downward around the circle until the required height is reached. Then slowly remove the soil from the outside to the trunk and use pruning knives to cut off broken roots of different sizes; 4) Straw root burning: ignite the bundled straw and use it to burn the cut ends of the roots. The flame burning temperature is controlled at 300±5℃ and burn until the phloem turns black. 5) High-grafting and tree maintenance: Saw the trunk short, leaving the main trunk at 1.5m, leaving 2 to 3 first-level bifurcated main branches, 30±1cm in length, and perform high-grafting on the bifurcated main branches. Wrap the entire trunk tightly with plastic wrap; 6) Tree planting: dig a tree pit half a month before planting, the size of the hole is 60 cm × 60 cm. When digging the pit, pile the topsoil and subsoil separately. After digging the tree pit, mix the topsoil and subsoil evenly, pour 800 times of naphthaleneacetic acid rooting agent, and then backfill the pit, and cover the surface with soil 20 to 30 cm above the ground. When planting, the tree trunk is straight, the soil is piled up in layers, and it is compacted with feet. After the planting is completed, pour enough water for rooting and pile a layer of topsoil 20 cm above the ground. Cover the tree tray with plastic film or straw to maintain humidity; 7) Management of transplanted trees: No fertilizer can be applied within one year after transplanting. After one year, the wound will heal naturally and new roots will grow. Then, start watering with fertilizer to ensure the normal growth and development of the tree.

2. A method for improving the survival rate of olive tree transplanting and rapid fruiting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3), the broken roots of different sizes are cut flat with pruning knives, wherein the broken roots with a diameter greater than 1.5 cm retain their length of 45±1 cm, and the broken roots with a diameter less than 1.5 cm retain their length of 30±1 cm.

3. A method for improving the survival rate of olive tree transplanting and rapid fruiting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4), the burning time is 1 minute.

4. A method for improving the survival rate of olive tree transplanting and rapid fruiting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 6), the hole size of the tree pit is 60 cm × 60 cm.

5. A method for improving the survival rate of olive tree transplanting and rapid fruiting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The survival rate was investigated 45 days after transplanting.

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