Temperature control system of container energy storage system and control method thereof

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of thermal management of energy storage systems and discloses a temperature control system and control method for a containerized energy storage system. The temperature control system includes a container, inside which two battery packs are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides, forming a cold air duct between them. The cold air duct is used to input external low-temperature airflow to absorb heat from the battery packs and obtain heated airflow. Two hot air ducts are formed between the cold air duct and the two side walls of the container. Two return air ducts are also symmetrically arranged on both sides of the front end of the cold air duct. The heated airflow in the hot air duct can enter the return air duct to form a cooling cycle. The heated airflow gradually cools down during the cycle, and the cooled airflow re-enters the cold air duct through the corresponding return air duct. An electric louver unit is also provided on the side wall of the container to introduce low-temperature ambient airflow into the hot air duct and / or return air duct to participate in the cooling cycle. This invention enables efficient heat exchange and cooling of the battery packs in the containerized energy storage system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of thermal management technology for energy storage systems, and more specifically, relates to a temperature control system and control method for a containerized energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing proportion of new energy power generation, the power energy structure will change significantly, and the demand for energy storage will accelerate. Energy storage is the process of storing energy through a medium or device and releasing it when needed. Currently, the most mature energy storage technology is lithium battery energy storage, which integrates lithium-ion batteries, battery management systems, AC / DC conversion devices, thermal management systems, and fire protection systems into a standard container. It is currently the most widely used energy storage technology.

[0003] Lithium batteries consume electrical energy and generate a large amount of heat during the energy exchange process of charging and discharging. In containerized energy storage systems, the batteries are densely packed, and the container environment is relatively enclosed, making it easy for heat to accumulate and cause excessive temperature rise, affecting battery life and safety. Currently, the mainstream temperature control method is air conditioning. Because the lithium batteries inside the container continuously generate heat during charging and discharging, the air conditioning is always in cooling mode to keep the lithium batteries within the optimal temperature range. Generally, the airflow is controlled within the range of 10°C to 25°C. When the external ambient temperature is very low, the air conditioning also needs to heat the internal air, resulting in a large amount of electrical energy consumption for the air conditioning. The energy consumption of the air conditioning accounts for nearly 80% of the total energy consumption of the container system. The overall energy conversion efficiency of the system is low, which directly affects the economic efficiency of energy storage operation. For example, the battery thermal management system of the containerized energy storage system disclosed in patent CN109546261A has a complex internal structure. It only uses air conditioning units for cooling. When the temperature of the battery module rises abnormally and rapidly, an additional fast cooling system needs to be activated to spray low-temperature coolant onto the battery module to quickly cool it and prevent thermal runaway. However, this does not reduce the energy consumption of the containerized energy storage system.

[0004] There is no existing technology that utilizes the structure of the container energy storage system itself to cool the battery pack and reduce energy consumption. How to reduce energy consumption during energy storage has become one of the main challenges in the large-scale application and promotion of energy storage systems. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a temperature control system for a highly efficient, energy-saving, and highly integrated container energy storage system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a temperature control system and control method for a containerized energy storage system, which mainly solves the problems of poor heat dissipation efficiency, high energy consumption and low energy conversion efficiency of existing containerized energy storage systems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a temperature control system for a container energy storage system, characterized in that the temperature control system includes a container, and two sets of battery packs are symmetrically arranged inside the container, and a cold air duct is formed between the two sets of battery packs. The cold air duct is used to input external low-temperature airflow, and the external low-temperature airflow absorbs the heat of the battery packs and becomes warm airflow.

[0007] Two hot air ducts are formed between the battery pack and the two side walls of the container, and the cold air duct is connected to each of the hot air ducts.

[0008] The front end of the cold air duct is also provided with a return air duct that can be connected to or shut off from each of the hot air ducts. The heated airflow in the hot air duct can enter the corresponding return air duct and then re-enter the cold air duct through the return air duct to participate in the next cooling cycle.

[0009] The container is also equipped with an electric louver unit on its side wall. The electric louver unit can adjust its opening based on the ambient temperature to introduce low-temperature airflow into the hot air duct and / or the return air duct to participate in the cooling cycle.

[0010] Furthermore, the electric louver unit includes a first electric louver and a fourth electric louver, which are respectively disposed on the two side walls of the container and are used to introduce low-temperature ambient airflow into the corresponding hot air duct when opened.

[0011] Furthermore, a first fan and a second fan are respectively installed between the two return air ducts and the cold air duct. When the first fan and the second fan are working, they are used to send the cooling airflow in the corresponding return air duct into the cold air duct.

[0012] Furthermore, the electric louver unit also includes a third electric louver and a sixth electric louver respectively installed on the two return air ducts. When the third electric louver and the sixth electric louver are opened, they are used to send the low-temperature ambient airflow into the corresponding return air duct, and the first fan and the second fan are used to send the low-temperature ambient airflow and the warming airflow together into the cold air duct.

[0013] Furthermore, a first temperature control sensor and a second temperature control sensor are respectively installed in the two return air ducts. The first temperature control sensor and the second temperature control sensor are used to collect the temperature in the corresponding return air duct, so that the third electric louver and the sixth electric louver adjust their opening degree based on the temperature in the corresponding return air duct.

[0014] Furthermore, a first dustproof unit and a second dustproof unit are respectively provided on the two return air ducts. The first dustproof unit and the second dustproof unit are used to prevent impurities in the external airflow from entering the corresponding return air duct.

[0015] Furthermore, a second electric louver and a fifth electric louver are respectively provided between the two return air ducts and the corresponding hot air ducts. When the second electric louver and the fifth electric louver are opened, they are used to allow the heated airflow to enter the corresponding return air duct from the hot air duct.

[0016] Furthermore, an external refrigeration device is installed on the outside of the container, and the cold air outlet of the external refrigeration device is connected to the front inlet of the cold air duct; preferably, an ambient temperature sensor is installed on the external refrigeration device to monitor the ambient temperature outside the container in real time, and the external refrigeration device starts and stops based on the ambient temperature.

[0017] Furthermore, the external cooling device includes an internal circulation fan and an external circulation fan. The external circulation fan is used to draw external ambient airflow into the external cooling device for cooling to obtain the external low-temperature airflow. The internal circulation fan is used to send the external low-temperature airflow into the cold air duct.

[0018] According to another aspect of the present invention, a control method for a temperature control system of a container energy storage system as described in any of the preceding embodiments is also provided, the control method comprising:

[0019] When the containerized energy storage system is working, the ambient temperature sensor monitors the external ambient temperature in real time.

[0020] When the monitored ambient temperature is not lower than the preset first temperature, the external cooling equipment is activated to introduce cooling airflow into the cold air duct of the container energy storage system to cool the battery pack. The cooling airflow enters two hot air ducts through the cold air duct, then enters the corresponding return air duct through the hot air duct, and finally re-enters the cold air duct to participate in the next cooling cycle.

[0021] When the monitored ambient temperature is not greater than the preset second temperature, and the second temperature is less than the first temperature, the electric louver unit opens at a preset angle to dissipate the temperature inside the container and introduce low-temperature airflow from the outside to participate in the cooling cycle.

[0022] When the ambient temperature is between the preset second temperature and the first temperature, the external cooling device stops operating, the electric louver unit opens to 100%, and blocks the airflow between the hot air duct and the corresponding return air duct. After the electric louver unit introduces the external low-temperature airflow into the return air duct, the external low-temperature airflow enters the cold air duct to cool the battery pack. The airflow after cooling the battery pack is discharged from the electric louver unit through the hot air duct.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solutions conceived in this invention have the following main advantages:

[0024] 1. The present invention provides a temperature control system for a containerized energy storage system. By rationally setting the position of the battery packs inside the container, a cold air duct is formed between the two battery packs. When the low-temperature external airflow enters the cold air duct, it cools the two battery packs. The cooled airflow then enters the hot air duct formed between the battery packs and the side wall of the container, and then enters the return air duct through the hot air duct. Finally, it re-enters the cold air duct through the return air duct to participate in the next cooling cycle. By continuously circulating the low-temperature airflow to participate in the cooling of the battery packs, all the heat generated by the battery packs during operation inside the energy storage container is not only cooled by the air conditioner, but also released through the circulating airflow, achieving a highly efficient and energy-saving cooling process. This temperature control system only optimizes the position of the battery packs to cooperate with the side wall of the container to form a circulating air duct. Its internal structure is simple, and the energy consumption of the entire containerized energy storage system is low and the energy conversion rate is high during the cooling cycle.

[0025] 2. This invention, by installing electric louvers on the side wall of the container, allows heat inside the container to be dissipated to the external environment through the electric louvers, while simultaneously introducing low-temperature airflow from the external environment to cool the battery; by activating air conditioning for cooling in high-temperature environments and introducing external airflow for cooling in low-temperature environments, it solves the defect that all heat generated during the operation of the battery inside the energy storage container is cooled by air conditioning. By combining air conditioning cooling with external natural air cooling, the air conditioning operating time is further reduced, achieving high efficiency, energy saving, and efficient heat energy conversion.

[0026] 3. The present invention also includes two temperature control sensors, namely a first temperature control sensor and a second temperature control sensor, in the return air duct to detect the temperature in the return air duct and control and adjust the opening of the electric louvers on the return air duct based on the temperature in the return air duct, thereby adjusting the air mixing ratio to maximize the cooling cycle efficiency.

[0027] 4. The external refrigeration device of the present invention is also equipped with an ambient temperature sensor, which is used to monitor the external ambient temperature and accurately collect the external ambient temperature so that the external refrigeration device can start refrigeration in a high-temperature environment based on the ambient temperature. In a low-temperature environment, the container starts the external refrigeration device and introduces low-temperature airflow from the external environment to cool the heat generated by the battery pack inside the container during operation, thereby achieving high efficiency and energy saving.

[0028] 5. The temperature control method of the container energy storage system of the present invention can monitor the temperature of the external environment and, when the temperature is in different ranges, use external refrigeration equipment alone for cooling, or use external refrigeration equipment and introduce external low-temperature ambient airflow for cooling simultaneously, or use only the introduction of external low-temperature ambient airflow for cooling. The flow rate of the introduced external low-temperature ambient airflow can also be controlled by adjusting the opening degree of the electric louver unit on the container, so as to make the cooling efficiency of the external refrigeration equipment higher and the energy consumption of the container energy storage system lower. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature control system of a container energy storage system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] In the diagram: 1-First battery pack, 2-Second battery pack, 3-Cold air duct, 4-External refrigeration equipment, 5-First fan, 6-First return air duct, 7-External air conditioner internal circulation fan, 8-External air conditioner external circulation fan, 9-First electric louver, 10-Ambient temperature sensor, 11-First temperature control sensor, 12-Second electric louver, 13-Third electric louver, 14-First dustproof unit, 15-First hot air duct, 16-Second hot air duct, 17-Container, 18-Fourth electric louver, 19-Fifth electric louver, 20-Second return air duct, 21-Sixth electric louver, 22-Second dustproof unit, 23-Second fan, 24-Second temperature control sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a temperature control system for a containerized energy storage system. The temperature control system includes a container 17. A first battery pack 1 and a second battery pack 2 are symmetrically arranged inside the container 17. The height of the battery packs matches the internal height of the container 17, and each battery pack includes multiple battery cells arranged in a row. The space between the first battery pack 1 and the second battery pack 2 forms a cold air duct 3, which is a long, narrow channel. Each battery cell in the first battery pack and the second battery pack is arranged in a row, with gaps between each pair of battery cells. The cold air duct 3 is used to input external low-temperature airflow. The external low-temperature airflow can absorb the heat of the first battery pack 1 and the second battery pack 2, thereby cooling the first battery pack 1 and the second battery pack 2, and then obtaining a warming airflow.

[0034] Two hot air ducts are formed between the cold air duct 3 and the two side walls of the container 17, namely the first hot air duct 15 and the second hot air duct 16. The heated airflow is divided into two parts, which pass through the gap between adjacent battery units and enter the corresponding hot air ducts on both sides of the container.

[0035] Two return air ducts are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the front end of the cold air duct 3, namely the first return air duct 6 and the second return air duct 20 located between the front side wall of the container 17 and the two battery packs. The heated airflow in the hot air duct can enter the corresponding return air duct to complete one cooling cycle. The heated airflow will continuously cool down and turn into cooled airflow when circulating in the hot air duct and the return air duct. When the cooled airflow finally enters the cold air duct 3 again through the corresponding return air duct, it will participate in the next cooling cycle together with the external low temperature airflow entering the cold air duct 3.

[0036] The side wall of container 17 is also equipped with an electric louver unit. When the electric louver unit is opened, it is used to introduce the low-temperature ambient airflow into the return air duct and hot air duct inside container 17 to participate in the cooling cycle, so as to reduce the energy consumption of the temperature control system by cooling the battery pack through the external cold source.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, an external refrigeration device 4 is provided on the outside of the container 17. The cold air outlet of the external refrigeration device 4 is connected to the front inlet of the cold air duct 3. The external refrigeration device 4 is an independent refrigeration air conditioner used to generate external low-temperature airflow and to circulate the external low-temperature airflow into the container for cooling.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the external refrigeration device 4 is equipped with an ambient temperature sensor 10 for real-time monitoring of the ambient temperature outside the container 17. The external refrigeration device 4 is started and stopped based on the ambient temperature. That is, when the ambient temperature is high, the external refrigeration device 4 is started to cool the container. When the ambient temperature is low, the external refrigeration device 4 is started while introducing low-temperature airflow from the external environment to reduce the energy consumption of the external refrigeration device 4.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the external cooling device 4 includes an internal circulation fan 7 and an external circulation fan 8. The external circulation fan 8 is used to draw external ambient airflow into the external cooling device 4 and cool it down through the cooling unit to obtain external low-temperature airflow. The internal circulation fan 7 is used to send the external low-temperature airflow into the cold air duct 3 to cool down the two battery packs.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the electric louver unit on the container 17 includes a first electric louver 9 and a fourth electric louver 18 respectively disposed on the left and right side walls. When the first electric louver 9 and the fourth electric louver 18 are opened, they can connect the interior and exterior environments of the container's hot air duct, allowing the heat inside the container 17 to dissipate to the exterior environment.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, two return air ducts are perpendicular to the cold air duct 3, and a first fan 5 and a second fan 23 are respectively provided between each return air duct and the cold air duct 3. When the first fan 5 and the second fan 23 are working, they are used to send the airflow in the corresponding return air duct into the cold air duct 3 to participate in the next cooling cycle.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the electric louver unit on the container 17 further includes a third electric louver 13 and a sixth electric louver 21 respectively installed on the two return air ducts. The third electric louver 13 and the sixth electric louver 21 can adjust their opening degree. When the two louvers are opened, they can send the external ambient airflow into the corresponding return air duct, and use the first fan 5 and the second fan 23 to mix the external ambient airflow and the heated airflow therein into a mixed airflow and send it into the cold air duct 3 to participate in the cooling cycle.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, a first dustproof unit 14 and a second dustproof unit 22 are respectively provided on the two return air ducts. The first dustproof unit 14 and the second dustproof unit 22 are used to prevent impurities in the external airflow from entering the corresponding return air ducts. The two dustproof units are respectively set between the air outlets of the two return air ducts and the corresponding motorized louvers. Specifically, the dustproof unit is a dustproof and filtering device such as a filter screen, dustproof plate or air filter.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, a second electric louver 12 and a fifth electric louver 19 are respectively provided between the two return air ducts and the corresponding hot air ducts. The opening degree of the second electric louver 12 and the fifth electric louver 19 can be adjusted. When the two louvers are open, the heated airflow can enter the corresponding return air duct from the corresponding hot air duct. When the opening degree of the two louvers is 0, the hot air duct and the corresponding return air duct are blocked.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, a first temperature control sensor 11 and a second temperature control sensor 24 are respectively installed in the two return air ducts. The first temperature control sensor 11 and the second temperature control sensor 24 are used to collect the temperature in the corresponding return air ducts and to open the corresponding electric louvers (i.e., the third electric louver 13 and the sixth electric louver 21) that are connected to the external environment in the return air ducts to a certain extent based on the temperature in the return air ducts, thereby adjusting the air mixing ratio.

[0046] The working principle of the temperature control system of the container energy storage system provided by this invention is as follows:

[0047] The temperature control system of the container energy storage system is connected to a central controller, which is used to control the operation of each refrigeration unit (including external refrigeration equipment, each fan and each electric louver, etc.). When the container energy storage system stops working, the external refrigeration equipment 4, each fan and each electric louver are all in the off state.

[0048] When the containerized energy storage system starts working, the ambient temperature sensor 10 monitors the ambient temperature T in real time. a Set a first temperature and a second temperature, where the first temperature is greater than the second temperature:

[0049] When the external temperature is not lower than the set first temperature, the external cooling device 4 is activated to cool the two battery packs in the container energy storage system. The cooling airflow enters the two hot air ducts through the cold air duct 3, then enters the corresponding return air duct through the hot air duct, and finally re-enters the cold air duct to participate in the next cooling cycle.

[0050] When the ambient temperature is not greater than the set second temperature, the external refrigeration equipment 4 operates while the electric louver unit on the container opens at a certain angle to dissipate the temperature inside the container and introduce low-temperature airflow from the outside for combined cooling, thereby reducing air conditioning energy consumption.

[0051] When the ambient temperature is between the set first and second temperatures, the external cooling device 4 stops operating, allowing the electric louver unit to fully open to introduce external low-temperature airflow for cooling circulation and achieve efficient cooling.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] This embodiment provides a control method for a temperature control system as provided in any of the foregoing embodiments, the specific control steps of which include:

[0054] When the containerized energy storage system starts working, the ambient temperature sensor 10 monitors the external ambient temperature T in real time. a Set T a Temperature range:

[0055] When the ambient temperature is not lower than the preset first temperature of 25℃, i.e., T a When the temperature is ≥25℃, the external cooling device 4 is activated to send cold air into the cold air duct 3 for cooling.

[0056] When the external refrigeration equipment 4 is cooling, the internal circulation fan 7 and the external circulation fan 8 are running. At the same time, the second electric louver 12 and the fifth electric louver 19 are 100% open to connect the hot air duct and the corresponding return air duct. The internal circulation fan 7 sends the low-temperature airflow that has been cooled by the refrigeration unit (such as the evaporative compression refrigeration cycle unit) in the external refrigeration equipment 4 into the cold air duct 3. After the low-temperature airflow absorbs heat through the first battery pack 1 and the second battery pack 2, it becomes a heated airflow. The heated airflow is divided into two paths and enters the first hot air duct 5 and the first hot air duct 6 respectively. Then it enters the corresponding first return air duct 6 and the second return air duct 20 to complete one cooling cycle. When the heated airflow circulates in the corresponding hot air duct and return air duct, it will gradually cool down to form a cooled airflow. Finally, the cooled airflow enters the cold air duct 3 to participate in the next cooling cycle.

[0057] When the ambient temperature is no greater than the preset second temperature of 10℃, i.e., T a When the temperature is ≤10℃, the external refrigeration equipment 4 stops operating, and the electric louver unit on the side wall of the container opens, that is, all four electric louvers, from the first electric louver 9 to the sixth electric louver 21, open. At the same time, the first fan 5 and the second fan 23 start operating.

[0058] Some of the heat is directly discharged to the external atmosphere through the first electric louver 9 and the fourth electric louver 18. The remaining airflow in the hot air duct enters the corresponding first return air duct 6 and second return air duct 20 through the second electric louver 12 and the fifth electric louver 19, which are opened to a certain degree. The airflow mixes with the ambient cold airflow with a temperature not higher than 10°C that enters from the third electric louver 13 and the sixth electric louver 21 to form a mixed airflow. The mixed airflow then enters the cold air duct 3 to cool the two battery packs.

[0059] Two temperature control sensors installed in the two return air ducts can monitor the temperature in the corresponding return air ducts in real time. The electric louvers installed in the two return air ducts can change their opening size based on the temperature in the return air ducts. If the air temperature in the return air duct is high, the opening of the corresponding electric louver will be increased to introduce more cool air from the outside environment. If the air temperature in the return air duct is low, the opening of the corresponding electric louver will be decreased to reduce the amount of cool air entering each return air duct, thereby adjusting the air mixing ratio so that the temperature in the return air duct is always higher than the outside environment temperature, which is 10°C. At this time, the first fan 5 and the second fan 23 continue to operate, so that the mixed airflow forms a cooling cycle in the container.

[0060] When the ambient temperature is between the preset second temperature and the preset first temperature, i.e., 10℃ < T a When the temperature is <25℃, the external cooling equipment 4 stops running, and the first fan 5 and the second fan 23 start running. At the same time, the first electric louver 9, the third electric louver 13, the fourth electric louver 18 and the sixth electric louver 21 are opened to 100%, and the second electric louver 12 and the fifth electric louver 19 are closed.

[0061] At this time, the external ambient airflow enters the first return air duct 6 and the second return air duct 20 through the third electric louver 13 and the sixth electric louver 21. The external ambient airflow passes through the corresponding dustproof unit to filter impurities, so as to avoid polluting the internal environment of the container. After the external ambient airflow passes through the first fan 5 and the second fan 23, it enters the cold air duct 3, thereby taking away the heat of the first battery pack 1 and the second battery pack 2. Finally, it enters the hot air ducts on both sides and is discharged to the outside of the energy storage container from the first electric louver 9 and the fourth electric louver 18 on the side wall of the duct, so as to form a cooling cycle.

[0062] The present invention provides a temperature control system for a container energy storage system, which can circulate cooling airflow and introduce low-temperature airflow from nature to cool the battery pack, and directly discharge heat to the external environment. This solves the technical defect that all the heat generated by the battery pack inside the energy storage container during operation is reduced by air conditioning. By combining air conditioning and introducing external air cooling, the air conditioning operation time is reduced, and a highly efficient and energy-saving cooling effect is achieved.

[0063] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A temperature control system for a containerized energy storage system, characterized in that, The temperature control system includes a container (17), in which two sets of battery packs are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides, and a cold air duct (3) is formed between the two sets of battery packs. The cold air duct (3) is used to input external low-temperature airflow, and the external low-temperature airflow absorbs the heat of the battery packs and becomes a heated airflow. Two hot air ducts are formed between the battery pack and the two side walls of the container (17), and the cold air duct (3) is connected to each of the hot air ducts; The front end of the cold air duct (3) is also provided with a return air duct that can be connected to or shut off each of the hot air ducts. The heated airflow in the hot air duct can enter the corresponding return air duct and then enter the cold air duct (3) again through the return air duct to participate in the next cooling cycle. The side wall of the container (17) is also provided with an electric louver unit, which can adjust the opening degree based on the ambient temperature to introduce low-temperature ambient airflow into the hot air duct and / or the return air duct to participate in the cooling cycle; the electric louver unit includes a first electric louver (9) and a fourth electric louver (18), which are respectively provided on the left and right side walls of the container (17); the two return air ducts are respectively provided with electric louvers (9) and the corresponding hot air ducts (18). The unit has a second electric louver (12) and a fifth electric louver (19). When the second electric louver (12) and the fifth electric louver (19) are opened, they are used to allow the heated airflow to enter the corresponding return airflow from the hot airflow duct. The electric louver unit also includes a third electric louver (13) and a sixth electric louver (21) respectively installed on the two return airflow ducts. When the third electric louver (13) and the sixth electric louver (21) are opened, they are used to send the low-temperature ambient airflow into the corresponding return airflow duct. An external refrigeration device (4) is provided on the outside of the container (17). The cold air outlet of the external refrigeration device (4) is connected to the front inlet of the cold air duct (3). An ambient temperature sensor (10) is provided on the external refrigeration device (4) to monitor the ambient temperature outside the container (17) in real time. The external refrigeration device (4) starts and stops based on the ambient temperature. When the ambient temperature sensor (10) detects that the ambient temperature is not less than the preset first temperature, the external cooling device (4) is started and the second electric louver (12) and the fifth electric louver (19) are opened. The external cooling device (4) introduces cooling airflow into the cold air duct (3) to cool the battery pack. The cooling airflow enters the two hot air ducts through the cold air duct (3), then enters the corresponding return air duct through the hot air duct, and finally re-enters the cold air duct to participate in the next cooling cycle. When the ambient temperature sensor (10) detects that the ambient temperature is not greater than the preset second temperature, the second temperature is less than the first temperature. The external cooling device (4) is turned off and the first electric louver (9) to the sixth electric louver (21) are all turned on. Part of the heat in the hot air duct is directly discharged to the external atmosphere through the first electric louver (9) and the fourth electric louver (18). The remaining airflow enters the corresponding first return air duct (6) and second return air duct (20) through the second electric louver (12) and the fifth electric louver (19), respectively, and mixes with the ambient cold airflow entering from the third electric louver (13) and the sixth electric louver (21) to form a mixed airflow. The mixed airflow then enters the cold air duct (3) to cool the two battery packs. When the ambient temperature sensor (10) detects that the ambient temperature is between the second temperature and the first temperature, the external cooling device (4) is turned off and the first electric louver (9), the third electric louver (13), the fourth electric louver (18) and the sixth electric louver (21) are all turned on. The external ambient airflow enters the first return air duct (6) and the second return air duct (20) through the third electric louver (13) and the sixth electric louver (21), and then enters the cold air duct (3) to cool the battery pack. After that, it enters the hot air ducts on both sides and is discharged to the outside of the energy storage container through the first electric louver (9) and the fourth electric louver (18) on the side wall of the duct to form a cooling cycle.

2. The temperature control system for a containerized energy storage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A first fan (5) and a second fan (23) are respectively provided between the two return air ducts and the cold air duct (3). When the first fan (5) and the second fan (23) are working, they are used to send the airflow in the corresponding return air duct into the cold air duct (3).

3. The temperature control system for a containerized energy storage system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, A first temperature control sensor (11) and a second temperature control sensor (24) are respectively installed in the two return air ducts. The first temperature control sensor (11) and the second temperature control sensor (24) are used to collect the temperature in the corresponding return air duct, so that the third electric louver (13) and the sixth electric louver (21) adjust their opening based on the temperature in the corresponding return air duct.

4. The temperature control system for a containerized energy storage system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The two return air ducts are also provided with a first dustproof unit (14) and a second dustproof unit (22), which are used to prevent impurities in the external airflow from entering the corresponding return air duct.

5. The temperature control system for a containerized energy storage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The external cooling device (4) includes an internal circulation fan (7) and an external circulation fan (8). The external circulation fan (8) is used to draw external ambient air into the external cooling device (4) to cool it down and obtain the external low-temperature airflow. The internal circulation fan (7) is used to send the external low-temperature airflow into the cold air duct (3).

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