A device for cleaning scum from a sedimentation basin and a method for collecting scum and a method for backwashing cleaning

Abstract

This invention discloses a scum removal device for sedimentation tanks, along with its scum collection method and backwashing method, belonging to the technical field of water treatment auxiliary equipment. The double-layer filter tank design saves installation space; the water distribution device and overflow weir design within the tank effectively remove surface floating debris and reduce water storage during backwashing; a single water pump is used for both scum collection and backwashing, resulting in high economic efficiency; an independent filtration system, through the coordination of the pipeline collection system and control system, enables automated operation and water resource recovery; the system's backwashing function ensures the collection system maintains optimal operating conditions long-term, automatically removing intercepted floating debris and eliminating the need for manual maintenance; the front-end collector uses an active opening mechanism, allowing for timed cleaning or cleaning based on external sensor detection, resulting in higher collection efficiency; and the underwater portion has no electrical connection, ensuring worker safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water treatment auxiliary equipment technology, specifically to a sedimentation tank scum removal device and its scum collection method and backwashing cleaning method. Background Technology

[0002] Sedimentation tanks are key equipment in the physicochemical treatment of water. Currently, sedimentation tanks include horizontal flow sedimentation tanks, inclined tube sedimentation tanks, and horizontal tube high-efficiency sedimentation tanks. Horizontal tube sedimentation tanks are currently the closest to the "Hazen" shallow layer theory of sedimentation tanks. They place the sedimentation tubes horizontally, allowing flow along a horizontal path, resulting in vertical separation of suspended solids, thus achieving both sedimentation and separation functions. The structure of a horizontal tube sedimentation tank consists of a flocculation zone, a rectification zone, a water distribution zone, a sedimentation zone, a water collection zone, and an effluent zone. During daily operation, due to factors such as algae in the raw water, excessive chemical dosage, and dust pollution in the air, chemical residues, dust, or foam often float on the water surface, affecting equipment operation and aesthetics, and in severe cases, potentially impacting the quality of the effluent.

[0003] Existing surface scum collectors use water flow to bring surface scum into a receiving chamber, where it is filtered and isolated by a floating debris collection net. However, during use, as the amount of scum collected increases, the scum isolated on the surface of the collection net can completely cover the net, even sealing it off. Once the scum accumulates to the point of sealing the collection net, the water pump can no longer effectively pump water, thus preventing the collection of more debris. Manual cleaning of the collection filter and the filter screen is required, posing certain safety hazards. Existing filtration and cleaning equipment is bulky, inconvenient to install, has poor reliability, requires frequent removal of scum from the net, and is inefficient and prone to leakage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a scum removal device for sedimentation tanks and its scum collection method and backwash cleaning method, which solves the problems of the existing technology that require manual cleaning to collect and filter impurities and the safety issues when cleaning the filter screen, as well as the problems of existing cleaning equipment being large in size, inconvenient to install, having poor working reliability, requiring frequent removal of scum from the screen surface, having low working efficiency in cleaning scum on the water surface, and being prone to leakage.

[0005] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A scum removal device for sedimentation tanks and its scum collection method and backwashing cleaning method are disclosed. The device comprises a front-end collector, a double-layer filter tank, a control system, and a pipeline collection system arranged sequentially. The front-end collector and the double-layer filter tank are connected via the pipeline collection system. The front-end collector, the double-layer filter tank, and the pipeline collection system are communicatively connected to the control system. The double-layer filter tank has a cylindrical structure and includes a filtration zone. A water storage zone is connected below the filtration zone via a clean water valve. An inlet is provided within the filtration zone. A water distribution device is arranged along the circumference of the inner wall of the double-layer filter tank at the inlet. A filter layer is filled below the water distribution device. A backwash water inlet is provided at the bottom of the filtration zone. A clean water inlet is provided above the water storage zone. An overflow weir is provided above the clean water inlet. A clean water outlet is provided above the overflow weir. The filtration zone and the water storage zone are isolated and sealed by a middle partition.

[0007] The pipeline collection system includes a first collection valve, a second collection valve, a drive water pump, a first backwash valve, a second backwash valve, a clean water valve, a first backwash water pipe, a second backwash water pipe, a drain valve, and a differential pressure sensor. The front-end collector is connected to the inlet of the first collection valve via a collection pipe. The outlet of the first collection valve is divided into two branches: one branch is connected to the inlet of the drive water pump, and the other branch is connected to the backwash water outlet via the first backwash valve. The outlet of the drive water pump is divided into two branches: one branch is connected to the inlet via the second collection valve, and the other branch is connected to the inlet of the second backwash valve. The outlet of the second backwash valve is divided into two branches: one branch is connected to the backwash water inlet, and the other branch is connected to the clean water inlet via the clean water valve. The differential pressure sensor is installed on the double-layer filter tank.

[0008] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the front-end collector includes a suspended collection trough, which is a bucket-shaped structure with a gradually decreasing cross-sectional inner diameter from top to bottom. An inlet is provided on one side of the suspended collection trough along its axial direction, and a movable weir plate is installed at the inlet. The movable weir plate can slide along the axial direction of the suspended collection trough. A pneumatic actuator is installed at the top of the suspended collection trough, and the output end of the pneumatic actuator is fixedly connected to the movable weir plate. A plurality of first water passage holes are provided on the movable weir plate. A discharge pipe is provided at the bottom of the suspended collection trough, and the outlet end of the discharge pipe penetrates through the bottom of the suspended collection trough. A plurality of second water passage holes are provided on the discharge pipe. The suspended collection trough is suspended on the water surface, and the inlet coincides with the water surface.

[0009] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the pneumatic actuator is connected to a movable weir plate solenoid valve, and the movable weir plate solenoid valve is communicatively connected to the control system.

[0010] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the discharge pipe is connected to the collection pipe.

[0011] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the water distribution device has an inverted conical structure, the cross-sectional area of ​​the water distribution device gradually decreases from the bottom surface to the top surface, and a certain number of sieve holes are provided on the top surface of the water distribution device.

[0012] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the overflow weir is an inverted conical structure, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the overflow weir gradually increases from the top surface to the bottom surface.

[0013] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the filter layer is filled with filter media of varying filtration precision from bottom to top, with the filtration precision ranging from 100nm to 500nm.

[0014] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the first collecting valve, the second collecting valve, the driving water pump, the first backwash valve, the second backwash valve, the clean water valve, the drain valve, and the differential pressure sensor are respectively communicatively connected to the control system.

[0015] As a further aspect of the present invention, the following steps are included:

[0016] S1: The control system receives a collection request, opens the first collection valve and the second collection valve, and the signals indicating that the first and second collection valves are fully open are normal; it also opens the clean water valve, and the signal indicating that the clean water valve is fully open is normal.

[0017] S2: Close the first backwash valve and the second backwash valve. The signals of the first backwash valve and the second backwash valve being closed to the end are normal. Close the drain valve. The drain valve being closed to the end is normal.

[0018] S3: When the control system determines that preparation is complete, the solenoid valve of the movable weir plate opens and extends through the pneumatic actuator, causing the movable weir plate to descend so that the bottom edge of the first water passage is lower than the water surface and the top edge of the first water passage coincides with the water surface. Relying on the surface tension of the water, the surface scum is carried into the suspension collection tank.

[0019] S4: The movable weir plate opens for 2 seconds, then the drive water pump is turned on to collect scum.

[0020] As a further aspect of the present invention, the following steps are included:

[0021] S1: The control system detects that the value of the differential pressure sensor exceeds the set upper limit threshold or the backwashing set cycle time is met;

[0022] S2: Drive the water pump to stop working. The control system detects the stop signal, opens the first backwash valve, opens the second backwash valve, and opens the drain valve. The control system detects the first backwash valve, the first backwash valve, and the drain valve to be in the open position signal, closes the first collection valve, closes the second collection valve, and closes the clean water valve. The control system detects the first collection valve, the second collection valve, and the clean water valve to be in the closed position signal.

[0023] S3: Start the backwashing program, turn on the drive water pump, the control system detects the drive water pump operation signal, enters the flushing timer, and ends the backwashing program when the flushing time meets the requirements.

[0024] S4: Start the filtration program, close the first backwash valve, close the second backwash valve, close the drain valve. The control system detects the closed signals of the first backwash valve, the second backwash valve, and the drain valve, and opens the first collection valve, the first open collection valve, and the clean water valve. The control system detects the open signals of the first collection valve, the second collection valve, and the clean water valve.

[0025] S5: The control system enters the collection standby program.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0027] The scum removal device and its scum collection and backwashing cleaning methods disclosed in this invention save equipment installation space through the structural design of a double-layer filter tank; the water distribution device and overflow weir design inside the tank are conducive to effectively removing floating objects and water volume on the surface during backwashing; scum is no longer intercepted by a collector and no collection net is set up, so there is no need for manual cleaning and replacement at regular intervals. A single water pump is used to collect floating objects and backwash, resulting in high economic efficiency; an independent filtration system is set up, and the cooperation between the pipeline collection system and the control system enables automated operation and water resource recovery; the system backwashing setting ensures that the collection system maintains optimal working condition for a long time, automatically removing intercepted floating objects from the system, eliminating the need for manual maintenance; the front-end collector adopts an active opening method, which can be cleaned at regular intervals or cleaned based on external sensor detection, resulting in higher collection efficiency; there are no electrical connections in the water part, ensuring the safety of personnel. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a sedimentation tank scum cleaning device proposed in this invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the double-layer filter tank of the sedimentation tank scum removal device proposed in this invention;

[0031] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the double-layer filter tank of a sedimentation tank scum removal device proposed in this invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a front view of the front collector of a sedimentation tank scum cleaning device proposed in this invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the front-end collector of a sedimentation tank scum cleaning device proposed in this invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the water distribution device of a sedimentation tank scum removal device proposed in this invention.

[0035] In the diagram: 1. Front-end collector; 101. Suspended collection tank; 102. Pneumatic actuator; 103. Movable weir plate; 104. Inlet; 105. First water passage hole; 106. Second water passage hole; 107. Collection pipe; 108. Movable weir plate solenoid valve; 109. Discharge pipe; 110. Shell; 2. Double-layer filter tank; 21. Filtration zone; 22. Water storage zone; 201. Water distribution device; 202. Inlet; 203. Overflow weir; 204. Clear water outlet; 205. Clear water inlet 206. Backwash water inlet; 207. Filter layer; 208. Backwash water outlet; 3. Control system; 4. Pipeline collection system; 401. First collection valve; 402. Second collection valve; 403. Drive pump; 404. First backwash valve; 405. Second backwash valve; 406. Clean water valve; 409. First backwash water pipe; 410. Second backwash water pipe; 411. Drain valve; 412. Differential pressure sensor; 413. Sedimentation tank effluent area; 414. Drain well; 2011. Screen. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," and "right," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or a specific orientational structure and operation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, "first" and "second" are only for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more.

[0038] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0039] Example 1:

[0040] like Figure 1-6 As shown, a sedimentation tank scum removal device consists of a front-end collector 1, a double-layer filter tank 2, a control system 3, and a pipeline collection system 4. The front-end collector 1 is connected to the double-layer filter tank 2 through the pipeline collection system 4, and the front-end collector 1, the double-layer filter tank 2, and the pipeline control system 3 are all communicatively connected to the control system 3.

[0041] The front-end collector 1 includes a suspended collection tank 101, which is a bucket-shaped structure with a gradually decreasing cross-sectional radius from top to bottom. An inlet 104 is provided on the left side of the upper end of the suspended collection tank 101. A movable weir plate 103 is installed at the inlet 104, and the movable weir plate 103 can slide up and down along the axis of the suspended collection tank 101. The contact area between the movable weir plate 103 and the housing 110 of the suspended collection tank 101 is sealed with a sealing medium. A pneumatic actuator 102 is installed on the top of the suspended collection tank 101. The output end of the actuator 102 is fixedly connected to the movable weir plate 103. A row of evenly arranged first water passage holes 105 are provided on the movable weir plate 103. A discharge pipe 109 is provided at the bottom of the suspended collection tank 101. A row of evenly arranged second water passage holes 106 are provided on the discharge pipe 109. The outlet end of the discharge pipe 109 passes through the bottom of the suspended collection tank 101 and is connected to the input end of the collection pipe 107. The pneumatic actuator 102 is connected to the control system 3 through the movable weir plate solenoid valve 108.

[0042] The double-layer filter tank 2 has a cylindrical structure, divided into upper and lower parts. The upper layer is the filtration zone 21, and the lower layer is the water storage zone 22. An inlet 202 is provided in the filtration zone 21. An inverted conical water distribution device 201 is arranged along the circumference of the inner wall of the filtration zone 21 at the inlet 202. The upper diameter of the water distribution device 201 is smaller than its lower diameter. The water distribution device 201 provides uniform water distribution and improves the filtration effect. A filter layer 207 is also provided in the upper filtration zone 21, filled with filter media. The filter media can be one type or multiple types, depending on actual needs. When using multiple filter media, they should be stacked in order of increasing filtration precision from bottom to top. The filtration precision of the filter media is generally selected as 100nm-500nm; the bottom of the upper filtration zone 21 is provided with a backwash water inlet 206, and the upper part of the lower water storage zone 22 is provided with a clean water inlet 205. Above the clean water inlet 205, there is an overflow weir 203 with an inverted conical structure. The upper diameter of the overflow weir 203 is smaller than the lower diameter. Only the clean water exceeding the overflow weir 203 is discharged, which helps to ensure that enough backwash water is stored. Above the overflow weir 203, there is a clean water outlet 204. The clean water outlet 204 is connected to the sedimentation tank outlet zone 413 through a pipe. The filtration zone 21 and the water storage zone 22 are isolated and sealed by a middle partition. The clean water in the filtration zone 21 enters the water storage zone 22 through the clean water valve 406 and the pipe.

[0043] The pipeline collection system 4 includes a collection pipeline 107. The outlet of the collection pipeline 107 is connected to the inlet of the first collection valve 401. The outlet of the first collection valve 401 is divided into two branches: one branch is connected to the inlet of the drive pump 403, and the other branch is connected to the inlet of the first backwash valve 404. The outlet of the drive pump 403 is also divided into two branches: one branch is connected to the inlet of the second collection valve 402, and the other branch is connected to the inlet of the second backwash valve 405. The outlet of the second backwash valve 405 is divided into two branches: one branch is connected to the backwash water inlet 206 via the first backwash water pipe 409, and the other branch is connected to the inlet of the clean water valve 406. 06 is a control valve; the outlet of the inlet valve is connected to the clean water inlet 205; the outlet of the first backwash valve 404 is connected to the backwash water outlet 208 through the second backwash water pipe 410; the outlet of the second collecting valve 402 is divided into two branches, one branch is connected to the inlet 202, and the other branch is connected to the inlet of the drain valve 411, and the outlet of the drain valve 411 is connected to the drain well 414; the filter area 21 is connected to the differential pressure sensor 412; the first collecting valve 401, the second collecting valve 402, the drive water pump 403, the first backwash valve 404, the second backwash valve 405, the clean water valve 406, the drain valve 411 and the differential pressure sensor 412 are all connected to the control system 3 via cables.

[0044] Example 2:

[0045] A method for collecting scum in a sedimentation tank scum cleaning device includes the following steps:

[0046] S1: Control system 3 receives a collection request, opens the first collection valve 401 and the second collection valve 402, and the signals of the first collection valve 401 and the second collection valve 402 being in the open position are normal; opens the clean water valve 406, and the signal of the clean water valve 406 being in the open position is normal.

[0047] S2: Close the first backwash valve 404 and the second backwash valve 405. The signals of the first backwash valve 404 and the second backwash valve 405 being closed are normal. Close the drain valve 411. The drain valve 411 being closed is normal.

[0048] S3: When the control system 3 determines that the preparation is complete, the solenoid valve 108 of the movable weir plate is opened. The pneumatic actuator 102 extends and drives the movable weir plate 103 to descend so that the bottom edge of the first water passage hole 105 is lower than the water surface and the top edge of the first water passage hole 105 coincides with the water surface. Relying on the surface tension of the water, the surface scum is carried into the suspension collection tank 101.

[0049] S4: The movable weir plate 103 opens for 2 seconds (adjustable), which starts the drive pump 403 to collect scum.

[0050] Example 3:

[0051] A backwashing method for a sedimentation tank scum removal device, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0052] S1: The control system 3 detects that the value of the differential pressure sensor 412 exceeds the set upper limit threshold or meets the backwashing set cycle time;

[0053] S2: Drive water pump 403 to stop working. Control system 3 detects the stop signal, opens the first backwash valve 404, opens the second backwash valve 405, and opens the drain valve 411. Control system 3 detects the open signals of the first backwash valve 404, the second backwash valve 405, and the drain valve 411, closes the first collection valve 401, closes the second collection valve 402, and closes the clean water valve 406. Control system 3 detects the closed signals of the first collection valve 401, the second collection valve 402, and the clean water valve 406.

[0054] S3: Start the backwashing program, turn on the drive water pump 403, the control system 3 detects the operation signal of the drive water pump 403, enters the flushing timer, and ends the backwashing program when the flushing time meets the requirements.

[0055] S4: Start the filtration program, close the first backwash valve 404, close the second backwash valve 405, and close the drain valve 411. The control system 3 detects the closed signals of the first backwash valve 404, the second backwash valve 405, and the drain valve 411, opens the first collection valve 401, opens the second collection valve 402, and opens the clean water valve 406. The control system 3 detects the opened signals of the first collection valve 401, the second collection valve 402, and the clean water valve 406.

[0056] S5: Control system 3 enters the collection standby program.

[0057] The working principle of the sedimentation tank scum removal device, scum collection method, and backwashing cleaning method disclosed in this invention is as follows:

[0058] The system comprises a front-end collector 1, a collection pipeline system 107, a double-layer filter tank 2, and a control system 3. The front-end collector 1 is connected to the inlet of a first collection valve 401 via the collection pipeline 107. The outlet of the first collection valve 401 is divided into two branches: one connects to the inlet of a drive pump 403, and the other connects to the backwash water outlet 208 at the lower end of the water storage area 22 via a first backwash valve 404. The outlet pipeline of the drive pump 403 is also divided into two branches: one connects to the bottom of the filter area 21 via a second backwash valve 405, providing power water for backwashing; the other branch connects to the inlet 202 of the water distribution device 201 in the filter area 21 via the second collection valve 402. The inlet 202 of the water distribution device 201 in the filter area 21 can serve as both a collection water inlet and a backwash water outlet. During normal collection, the second collection valve 402 is open, and the drain valve 411 is closed; during backwashing, the second collection valve 402 is closed, and the drain valve 411 is open. The double-layer filter tank 2 is divided into an upper filtration zone 21 and a lower water storage zone 22. The upper filter tank is connected to the lower water storage tank through a clean water valve 406. The collection and treatment process is to open the clean water valve 406 to allow clean water to flow into the water storage tank.

[0059] A collection pipe 107 is welded to the bottom of the front-end collector 1. A second water passage hole 106 is provided at the connection between the suspended collection tank 101 and the collection pipe 107 to remove scum from the suspended collection tank 101. An overflow hole is provided at the top of the movable weir plate 103. In standby mode, the overflow hole is above the liquid surface, preventing water from flowing into the collection tank through the movable weir plate 103. When it is necessary to remove surface floating matter, the pneumatic actuator 102 controls the movable weir plate 103 to descend, making the overflow hole lower than the liquid surface. The surface tension of the water is then used to carry the surface floating matter into the front-end collector 1 for discharge. The front-end collector 1 can be used alone or in combination. For combination use, simply connect the collection pipes 107 in series to the drive pump 403.

[0060] The collected floating matter mixture enters the double-layer filter tank 2 through a pipe. The upper layer of the double-layer filter tank 2 is used for filtration, while the lower layer is used to store backwash water. The upper filtration zone 21 has an inverted conical water distribution device 201 arranged circumferentially on the inner wall of the inlet 202. The upper surface of the water distribution device 201 has a certain number of sieve holes 2011, which are used to evenly distribute water, intercept larger scum, and better remove surface contaminants during backwashing. The filtration zone 21 contains filter media with different filtration precisions, stacked from bottom to top, with filtration precisions ranging from 100nm to 500nm. The upper and lower layers of the double-layer filter tank 2 are connected by a central clean water valve 406, which is a control valve and is closed during system backwashing. The lower water storage area 22 is equipped with an inverted conical overflow weir 203, which is used to ensure that there is enough backwash water stored in the tank. The bottom of the water storage tank is equipped with a backwash water outlet 208, which is connected to the first backwash valve 404 through the second backwash water pipe 410. The outlet of the first backwash valve 404 is then connected to the drive water pump 403 through a pipe.

[0061] The double-layer filter tank 2 design saves installation space; the water distribution device 201 and overflow weir 203 inside the tank effectively remove floating debris and water volume during backwashing; scum is no longer intercepted by a collector, and no collection net is needed, thus eliminating the need for regular manual cleaning and replacement. A single water pump is used for collecting floating debris and backwashing, resulting in high economic efficiency; an independent filtration system is set up, and through the cooperation of the pipeline collection system 4 and the control system 3, automated operation is achieved, enabling water resource recovery. The system backwashing setting ensures that the collection system maintains optimal working condition for a long time, automatically removing intercepted floating debris from the system, eliminating the need for manual maintenance; the front-end collector 1 adopts an active opening method, which can be cleaned on a timed basis or cleaned based on external sensor detection, resulting in higher collection efficiency; there are no electrical connections in the water section, ensuring the safety of personnel.

[0062] The foregoing has described some embodiments of the present invention in detail, but the content described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the patent coverage of the present invention.

Claims

1. A scum removal device for a sedimentation tank, comprising a front-end collector (1), a double-layer filter tank (2), a control system (3), and a pipeline collection system (4) arranged sequentially, wherein the front-end collector (1) and the double-layer filter tank (2) are connected through the pipeline collection system (4), and the front-end collector (1), the double-layer filter tank (2), and the pipeline collection system (4) are respectively communicatively connected to the control system (3), characterized in that, The double-layer filter tank (2) has a cylindrical structure. The double-layer filter tank (2) includes a filter zone (21). The filter zone (21) is connected to a water storage zone (22) below through a clean water valve (406). The filter zone (21) is provided with a water inlet (202). A water distribution device (201) is provided at the water inlet (202) along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the double-layer filter tank (2). The water distribution device (201) is filled with a filter layer (207) below. The bottom of the filter zone (21) is provided with a backwash water inlet (206). The water storage zone (22) is provided with a clean water inlet (205) above. The clean water inlet (205) is provided with an overflow weir (203) above. The overflow weir (203) is provided with a clean water outlet (204) above. The filter zone (21) and the water storage zone (22) are isolated and sealed by a middle partition. The pipeline collection system (4) includes a first collection valve (401), a second collection valve (402), a drive water pump (403), a first backwash valve (404), a second backwash valve (405), a clean water valve (406), a first backwash water pipe (409), a second backwash water pipe (410), a drain valve (411), and a differential pressure sensor (412). The front-end collector (1) is connected to the inlet of the first collection valve (401) through a collection pipe (107). The outlet of the first collection valve (401) is divided into two branches, one of which is connected to the inlet of the drive water pump (403), and the other... The branch is connected to the backwash water outlet (208) through the first backwash valve (404). The outlet of the drive pump (403) is divided into two branches. One branch is connected to the inlet (202) through the second collection valve (402), and the other branch is connected to the inlet of the second backwash valve (405). The outlet of the second backwash valve (405) is divided into two branches. One branch is connected to the backwash water inlet (206), and the other branch is connected to the clean water inlet (205) through the clean water valve (406). The differential pressure sensor (412) is installed on the double-layer filter tank (2). The front-end collector (1) includes a suspended collection trough (101), which is a bucket-shaped structure with a gradually decreasing cross-sectional inner diameter from top to bottom. An inlet (104) is provided on one side of the suspended collection trough (101) along its axial direction. A movable weir plate (103) is installed at the inlet (104), which can slide along the axial direction of the suspended collection trough (101). A pneumatic actuator (102) is installed on the top of the suspended collection trough (101). The output end of the device (102) is fixedly connected to the movable weir plate (103). The movable weir plate (103) is provided with a plurality of first water passage holes (105). The bottom of the suspended collection tank (101) is provided with a discharge pipe (109). The outlet end of the discharge pipe (109) passes through the bottom of the suspended collection tank (101). The discharge pipe (109) is provided with a plurality of second water passage holes (106). The suspended collection tank (101) is suspended on the water surface. The inlet (104) coincides with the water surface. The pneumatic actuator (102) is connected to a movable weir plate solenoid valve (108), and the movable weir plate solenoid valve (108) is communicatively connected to the control system (3). The discharge pipe (109) is connected to the collection pipe (107).

2. A device for cleaning floating sludge from a sedimentation basin according to claim 1, characterized in that The water distribution device (201) has an inverted conical structure. The cross-sectional area of ​​the water distribution device (201) gradually decreases from the bottom to the top. A certain number of sieve holes (2011) are provided on the top surface of the water distribution device (201).

3. A device for cleaning floating sludge from a sedimentation basin according to claim 1, characterized in that The overflow weir (203) has an inverted conical structure, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the overflow weir (203) gradually increases from the top surface to the bottom surface.

4. A device for cleaning floating sludge from a sedimentation basin according to claim 1, characterized in that The filter layer (207) is filled with filter media of varying filtration precision from bottom to top, with a filtration precision of 100nm-500nm.

5. A device for cleaning floating sludge from a sedimentation basin according to claim 1, characterized in that The first collecting valve (401), the second collecting valve (402), the driving water pump (403), the first backwash valve (404), the second backwash valve (405), the clean water valve (406), the drain valve (411), and the differential pressure sensor (412) are respectively connected to the control system (3) in communication.

6. A scum collecting method comprising the scum removal device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: The control system (3) receives the collection request, opens the first collection valve (401) and the second collection valve (402), and the opening signals of the first collection valve (401) and the second collection valve (402) are normal; it opens the clean water valve (406), and the opening signal of the clean water valve (406) is normal. S2: Close the first backwash valve (404) and the second backwash valve (405). The signals of the first backwash valve (404) and the second backwash valve (405) being closed are normal. Close the drain valve (411). The signal of the drain valve (411) being closed is normal. S3: When the control system (3) determines that preparation is complete, the solenoid valve (108) of the movable weir plate is opened. The pneumatic actuator (102) extends and drives the movable weir plate (103) to descend so that the bottom edge of the first water passage hole (105) is lower than the water surface and the top edge of the first water passage hole (105) coincides with the water surface. Relying on the surface tension of the water, the surface scum is carried into the suspension collection tank (101). S4: The movable weir plate (103) opens for 2 seconds, and the drive water pump (403) is turned on to collect scum.

7. A backwash method comprising the supernatant scum cleaning device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: The control system (3) detects that the value of the differential pressure sensor (412) exceeds the set upper limit threshold or meets the backwash set cycle time; S2: Drive the water pump (403) to stop working. The control system (3) detects the stop signal, opens the first backwash valve (404), opens the second backwash valve (405), and opens the drain valve (411). The control system (3) detects the open signals of the first backwash valve (404), the second backwash valve (405), and the drain valve (411), closes the first collection valve (401), closes the second collection valve (402), and closes the clean water valve (406). The control system (3) detects the closed signals of the first collection valve (401), the second collection valve (402), and the clean water valve (406). S3: Start the backwashing program, turn on the drive water pump (403), the control system (3) detects the operation signal of the drive water pump (403), enters the flushing timer, the flushing time meets the requirements, and the backwashing program ends; S4: Start the filtration program, close the first backwash valve (404), close the second backwash valve (405), close the drain valve (411), the control system (3) detects the closed signals of the first backwash valve (404), the second backwash valve (405), and the drain valve (411), open the first collection valve (401), open the second collection valve (402), open the clean water valve (406), the control system (3) detects the open signals of the first collection valve (401), the second collection valve (402), and the clean water valve (406); S5: Control system (3) enters the collection standby program.

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