A method for branch network formation based on dimensional transformation

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of three-dimensional mesh fabrication technology, and discloses a mesh fabrication method based on dimensional transformation. The method comprises: (i) a three-dimensional modeling stage, obtaining a three-dimensional mesh model based on the patient's digital bone augmentation plan; (ii) a dimensional transformation stage, converting the three-dimensional mesh model into a two-dimensional mesh model; and (iii) a mesh fabrication stage, including material cutting, surface treatment, and bending based on the two-dimensional model. This method combines three-dimensional modeling, dimensional transformation, and traditional surface treatment, enabling the fabrication of high-performance, high-fitting, and low-cost patient-fitting three-dimensional meshes using conventional materials and processing techniques. While reducing material costs, it also meets the requirements for surface modification and coating of the mesh, allowing the meshes produced by this method to be widely applied to patients with limited budgets, greatly expanding the clinical application scope of high-fitting three-dimensional meshes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of three-dimensional mesh forming technology, specifically to a method for forming meshes through dimensional transformation. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, personalized lateral branches designed and manufactured based on computer-aided design (CAD) technology and additive manufacturing technology have no sharp edges. They can be customized with personalized data modeling to achieve the required incremental bone height, width and contour shape, which fits the alveolar bone morphology better and effectively reduces the incidence of lateral branch exposure and bone resorption, achieving good clinical results. However, the current 3D printing technology for lateral branches still has the following technical problems: (1) The performance of the finished lateral branch is limited by the performance of the printing material, which often results in low strength, poor elasticity and ductility, making it easy for some patients to break when installing 3D printed lateral branches, thereby increasing the difficulty of surgery and the risk of infection. Therefore, it is necessary to perform surface processing on the 3D printed lateral branches to improve their performance; (2) The limited variety of raw materials for existing 3D printed implants, the limited manufacturing process for optional personalized lateral branches, and the difficulty in performing complex surface processing after molding all make the existing 3D printed lateral branches unsuitable for all patients; (3) The material costs in the existing 3D printing technology for lateral branches are all high, which significantly increases the treatment cost for patients.

[0003] Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, it is necessary to develop a dimensional transformation mesh forming method that is not limited by 3D printing materials, has higher performance, better applicability and fit, can improve the performance of existing 3D printed meshes and has lower cost. This method can not only effectively make up for the limitations of existing 3D mesh materials and the shortcomings of processing technology, but also effectively reduce mesh costs, making it suitable for patients at different consumption levels. This is of great significance for the widespread application of 3D meshes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a method for forming 3D printed meshes by dimensional transformation, in order to solve the technical problem that the performance of existing 3D printed meshes is limited by the performance of the printing materials, which makes some patients prone to breakage when installing 3D printed meshes, thereby increasing the difficulty of surgery and the risk of infection.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a dimensional transformation branch network forming method, comprising (i) a three-dimensional modeling stage, obtaining a three-dimensional model of the branch network based on the patient's digital bone augmentation scheme; (ii) a dimensional transformation stage, converting the three-dimensional model of the branch network into a two-dimensional model of the branch network; and (iii) a branch network forming stage, including cutting, surface treatment and bending of materials according to the two-dimensional model.

[0006] The principle behind this solution is:

[0007] This solution combines 3D modeling, dimensional transformation, and traditional surface treatment. After determining the patient's digital bone augmentation plan, a 3D model of the branch network that closely matches the bone augmentation contour is obtained through 3D modeling. Subsequently, the 3D model of the branch network is transformed to obtain a 2D model of the branch network. The 2D model is then processed through traditional material cutting, surface processing, bending, and other steps to prepare a high-performance branch network that closely matches the bone augmentation, thereby achieving personalized customization of the patient's branch network.

[0008] The advantages of this solution are:

[0009] 1. Compared with the existing three-dimensional model support mesh, which is prone to breakage during installation after 3D printing, resulting in higher surgical risks, the support mesh prepared by this method is made of traditional support mesh material according to the two-dimensional model of the support mesh through cutting, surface treatment and bending. Its performance is higher and it can effectively avoid the situation of breakage during installation of the support mesh, which would increase the surgical risk.

[0010] 2. The two-dimensional model of the support network in this solution is derived from the three-dimensional modeling and dimensional transformation of the patient's bone increment. Therefore, the support network prepared by this solution can closely fit the patient's digital bone increment contour, effectively improving the comfort after the support network is installed. This avoids the situation where the support network prepared by traditional processes has a low degree of fit with the patient's bone increment, which may cause patient discomfort.

[0011] 3. Compared with the limited variety and high cost of existing 3D printing materials, the branch network obtained by this solution is made of conventional branch network materials, which has lower material requirements, effectively reduces the material cost of the branch network, fully meets the needs of different patients, and expands the application range of the branch network.

[0012] 4. This solution combines 3D modeling, dimensional transformation, and traditional surface treatment, enabling the fabrication of high-performance, high-fit, and low-cost support meshes using conventional materials and processing techniques. It fully leverages the customization advantages of 3D printing and the material and processing advantages of traditional support mesh production, achieving support meshes that closely match the digital bone augmentation contour, just like 3D printed meshes. Furthermore, it reduces material costs, fully meeting the needs of different patients. This allows the support meshes from this solution to be widely applied to patients with limited budgets and those in remote areas, expanding the application scope of high-fit support meshes.

[0013] Preferably, the dimension transformation stage includes using horizontal and vertical UV curves to cut the surface of the branch network 3D model into several small planes connected end to end, with adjacent small planes sharing a common side length.

[0014] Beneficial effects: This solution effectively converts the 3D model into a 2D model by cutting the surface of the support mesh into several small planes using horizontal and vertical UV curves. The support mesh of the 2D model can be improved by surface processing to enhance the overall performance of the support mesh. This effectively solves the problem of high surgical risks caused by installation breakage due to the limitations of 3D printing materials in the existing 3D model during 3D printing, thus improving surgical safety.

[0015] Preferably, the facet is triangular or quadrilateral in shape, and its area is less than or equal to 1 mm². 2 .

[0016] Beneficial Effects: This solution combines triangles and quadrilaterals to decompose the curved surface into several smaller planes forming a two-dimensional model. This makes the support network easier to improve its performance through surface processing. Through long-term experiments, the researchers discovered that materials with curved surfaces, after surface processing, are prone to being bent back into a three-dimensional support network with high conformity to bone augmentation due to local thickness differences. This reduces the comfort of network installation, requiring multiple adjustments to achieve proper conformity with bone augmentation. This not only prolongs the installation surgery time but also significantly diminishes the patient's sensory experience. Cutting the three-dimensional curved surface of the support network into planes less than or equal to 1mm... 2 Small planes can effectively ensure that the thickness of the two-dimensional support mesh is uniform after surface processing, thereby improving the bending success rate of the support mesh and the fit between the support mesh and the bone increment.

[0017] Preferably, the dimensional transformation further includes cutting adjacent small planes with curvature changes exceeding 10° along the common side length of the adjacent small planes to form a branch network two-dimensional model with several notches on the edge. Several fixing pin holes are provided on the two-dimensional model, and the fixing pin holes are located at the edge position of the branch network three-dimensional model with curvature changes of less than 10°.

[0018] Beneficial effects: This solution creates notches by cutting open the sites with significant curvature changes in the 3D model during dimensional transformation. This effectively avoids excess material at the notches affecting the fit between the branch mesh and the bone increment during bending, thereby effectively improving the bending success rate of the branch mesh and reducing the production cost of the branch mesh.

[0019] Preferably, the bending process involves enclosing the surface-processed two-dimensional structure around the bone augmentation physical model, closing the gaps generated during dimensional transformation, and forming a three-dimensional branch network structure after contour restoration.

[0020] Beneficial effects: Based on the 3D printed bone increment model, this solution fixes the surface-processed 2D structure to the cheek side through the fixation pin holes, and then bends it tightly against the bone increment contour surface to close the edge gaps generated during dimensional transformation, forming a 3D branch network structure after contour restoration.

[0021] Preferably, in step one, the three-dimensional model is formed by creating a three-dimensional model of the patient's bone defect based on the patient's maxillofacial CT / CBCT examination results, designing a bone augmentation scheme based on the principle of repair, and then extracting the outer contour surface of the bone augmentation to obtain a branch network three-dimensional model.

[0022] Beneficial effects: This solution obtains a three-dimensional model of the support network by extracting the outer contour surface of the digital bone augmentation scheme, which enables the bone augmentation and support network to fit perfectly, effectively improving the installation comfort of the support network and bone augmentation. Moreover, both the support network and bone augmentation are modeled in three dimensions based on the patient's CT / CBCT examination results, which enables the preparation and production of the support network and bone augmentation to be personalized, thereby improving the patient's support network installation comfort and sensory experience.

[0023] Preferably, the material includes any one of implantable titanium membrane, titanium alloy, tantalum-based alloy, cobalt-based alloy, chromium-based alloy, molybdenum-based alloy, stainless steel, magnesium alloy, polyurethane, silicone, polyetheretherketone, and polylactic acid.

[0024] Beneficial effects: This solution achieves a high degree of fit between the network and the digital bone augmentation contour using conventional materials through dimensional transformation, thereby effectively reducing the material cost of personalized networks. In addition, this solution can select different materials to make the network according to the patient's needs, thereby further expanding the application range of the network in this solution.

[0025] Preferably, the surface processing includes ultrafast laser micro / nano surface treatment, film coating, or coating treatment on one or both sides of the material.

[0026] Beneficial effects: This solution uses ultrafast laser micro-nano surface treatment, film coating or coating on the material surface to give the support mesh surface better antibacterial properties, block fibroblasts, and enhance biocompatibility with soft tissue, effectively preventing the ingrowth of pseudoperiosteum and soft tissue rupture, and improving the safety of support mesh installation.

[0027] Preferably, the cutting is performed by cutting the material according to the two-dimensional branch network model using either CNC machine tool processing technology or laser cutting to obtain the two-dimensional branch network structure.

[0028] Beneficial effects: This solution cuts the two-dimensional structure of the branch network based on the two-dimensional model of the branch network, which facilitates the preparation of the branch network entity. The three-dimensional branch network can be obtained by surface processing and bending of the branch network entity. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the patient's alveolar bone augmentation material on the jawbone in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2This is a flowchart illustrating the process of converting a three-dimensional model into a two-dimensional model in Embodiment 1 of the present invention (a: three-dimensional model with branch network; b: the three-dimensional model is divided into several small planes connected end to end using vertical UV curves and horizontal UV curves; c: two-dimensional model with branch network).

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the branch network two-dimensional structure obtained by cutting a two-dimensional model in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the branch network two-dimensional structure obtained by cutting a two-dimensional model in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The following detailed description provides further details on specific embodiments, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the following embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art; the experimental methods used are all conventional methods; and the materials and reagents used are all commercially available. Taking Example 1 as an example, the synthesis method of guaiacol in this scheme is described.

[0034] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: 1. Support network; 2. Fixation pin; 3. Notch; 4. Jawbone; 5. Alveolar bone increment; 6. Longitudinal UV curve; 7. Transverse UV curve; 8. Small plane.

[0035] (I) When bone resorption occurs after tooth extraction or when jawbone 4 defects occur for other reasons, requiring alveolar bone augmentation surgery to fill the bone defects on jawbone 4, the branch mesh 1 in this plan is a thin sheet-like structure that can fix the alveolar bone augmentation material 5 onto jawbone 4. The installation diagram of the alveolar bone augmentation material 5 on jawbone 4 is shown below. Figure 1 As shown.

[0036] (II) Example 1

[0037] (III) A method for forming a branch network 1 through dimensional transformation, specifically including the following steps:

[0038] (IV) (I) Three-dimensional modeling stage: Based on the patient's digital bone augmentation scheme, the three-dimensional model of branch network 1 is obtained. Specifically, based on the patient's jawbone CT / CBCT examination results, a three-dimensional model of the patient's bone augmentation is formed, and then the outer contour surface of the digital bone augmentation model is extracted to obtain the three-dimensional model of branch network 1 (e.g., Figure 2 (as shown in a).

[0039] (V)(II) Dimensional Transformation Stage, such as Figure 2 As shown, the surface of the three-dimensional model of the branch network 1 is cut into several small planes connected end to end using longitudinal UV curve 6 and transverse UV curve 7 (e.g., Figure 2As shown in Figure b), adjacent small planes 8 share a common side length. Adjacent small planes 8 with curvature changes exceeding XXX° are cut along this common side length, forming a two-dimensional model of a branch network 1 with several notches 3 on its edges (as shown in Figure b). Figure 2 (As shown in c). Among them, the shape of the small plane 8 is a triangle or a quadrilateral, and the area of ​​the small plane 8 is less than or equal to 1 mm2.

[0040] (vi) This scheme combines the use of triangles and quadrilaterals to decompose the curved surface into several small planes 8 with smaller areas to form a two-dimensional model, making it easier to improve the performance of the support net 1 through surface processing. The applicant has found through long-term experiments that materials with curved surfaces are prone to being unable to be bent back into a three-dimensional support net 1 with high conformity to bone increment after surface processing due to local thickness differences. This reduces the comfort of the support net 1 installation, requiring multiple adjustments to conform to the bone increment. This not only prolongs the installation surgery time of the support net 1, but also greatly reduces the patient's sensory experience of the support net 1 installation. However, cutting the three-dimensional curved surface of the support net 1 into small planes 8 less than or equal to 1 mm2 can effectively ensure that the thickness of the two-dimensional support net 1 is uniform after surface processing, improving the bending success rate of the support net 1 and the conformity between the support net 1 and the bone increment.

[0041] (vii) such as Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the support net 1 is a sheet-like structure, and several fixing pin holes are provided on the two-dimensional model. The fixing pin holes are located in the three-dimensional model of the support net 1 where the curvature change is as close to 0 as possible (titanium pins generally need to be fixed in relatively flat parts of the three-dimensional support net 1).

[0042] (viii) In the forming stage of the branch net 1, based on the two-dimensional model of the branch net 1, the material is cut using any one of the following processes: CNC machining technology or laser cutting. Then, a film or coating treatment is applied to one or both sides of the cut sheet-like branch net 1 structure. The materials in this scheme include any one of the following: implantable titanium membrane, titanium alloy, tantalum-based alloy, cobalt-based alloy, chromium-based alloy, molybdenum-based alloy, stainless steel, magnesium alloy, polyurethane, silicone, polyetheretherketone, and polylactic acid. In this embodiment, the total material is specifically an implantable titanium membrane, and a coating is applied to both sides of the sheet-like branch net 1 structure to give the surface of the branch net 1 better antibacterial properties, block fibroblasts, enhance biocompatibility with soft tissue, effectively prevent the ingrowth of the pseudoperiosteum and the rupture of soft tissue, and improve the safety of the branch net 1 installation. Finally, the sheet-like branch network 1 structure of the two-sided layer is surrounded outside the physical model of bone increment, and the cheek side is fixed through the fixation pin holes. Then, it is bent close to the surface of the bone increment contour to close the edge gap 3 generated during the dimensional transformation, forming the three-dimensional structure of the branch network 1 after contour restoration.

[0043] Experimental example: The fit of branch networks with different small planar areas to bone increment.

[0044] This scheme specifically selects the sheet-like support network used for fixing the bone increment of the jawbone as a sample, and cuts the surface of the three-dimensional model (S1) of the support network with different set small plane areas and the proportion of small planes in the support network that are less than or equal to the set area. The fit between the support network and the bone increment is calculated to illustrate the installation comfort of the support network and bone increment prepared by the support network dimension transformation method of this scheme.

[0045] The specific method is as follows: Set the area of ​​each small plane to 0.5mm. 2 0.8mm 2 0.9mm 2 1.0mm 2 1.1mm 2 1.2mm 2 1.5mm 2 (Corresponding to Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3, respectively) and other cases, the 3D model of the branch network was surface-cut in MAYA according to the proportion of small planes with an area less than or equal to the set area being 95%-100%, 90%-95%, and 85%-90%, respectively. The shared side length of adjacent small planes with curvature changes exceeding 10° was also trimmed to obtain a 2D model of the branch network (S3). This 2D model was then bent back into a new 3D model (S4, the new 3D model is used to simulate the actual prepared branch network object). The 3D model of the branch network (S1) and the new 3D model (S4) were compared, and their fit was calculated based on the overlapping area. The test results are shown in Table 1:

[0046] The results of the differences in the small plane area in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3, and the influence of the branch network composed of different small plane areas on the fit with the bone increment, are detailed in Table 1.

[0047] Table 1. Differences in the area and fit of the small plane in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3.

[0048]

[0049]

[0050] Experimental data show that the mesh model prepared by the mesh dimension transformation in this scheme has a small difference in fit with the actual object, and the fit is generally high. Specifically, this scheme has a relatively small mesh area (the mesh area in this embodiment is 153.245 mm²). 2 The three-dimensional model and the two-dimensional model are respectively as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, during the installation of the support mesh, the buccal surface 1 is located on the gum near the cheek, the lingual surface 3 is located on the gum near the tongue, and the crest surface 2 is located on the tooth growth surface of the gum and connects the buccal surface 1 and the lingual surface 3. When cutting, the area of ​​the small plane is set to not exceed 1 mm.2 This ensures better accuracy of the lateral network after dimensional transformation and its fit with bone increment. For example, in Examples 1-4, when the area of ​​the small plane is less than or equal to 1 mm²... 2 When the proportion of the lateral network is above 95%, the fit between the resulting lateral network and the bone increment is above 98%, and when the area of ​​the small plane is less than or equal to 1 mm². 2 When the proportion of the bone matrix is ​​above 90%, the fit between the resulting support network and the bone augmentation is above 97%, significantly improving the installation comfort of the support network, thereby enhancing treatment effectiveness and patient experience. Furthermore, when the area of ​​the small plane is greater than 1 mm... 2 Regardless of the proportion of the branch network with a surface area less than or equal to the set small plane area, the resulting branch network exhibits low conformity to the bone augmentation. Specifically, in Comparative Examples 1-3, the largest surface area exceeds 1 mm. 2 At that time, the number of small planes cut is reduced, and the fit between the resulting support network and the bone augmentation is mostly below 90%, which significantly reduces the installation comfort of the support network and the bone augmentation, thereby reducing the treatment effect and the patient's user experience.

[0051] In addition, the proportion of the cut planar area (i.e., the composition of different planar areas) also significantly affects the fit between the support network and the bone increment. Specifically, in Examples 1-4, when the proportion of planar areas with a set planar area is higher than 95%, the fit between the resulting support network and the bone increment is above 98%. However, when the proportion of planar areas with a set planar area is less than 95%, the fit decreases accordingly, and even when the proportion is less than 90%, the fit drops to approximately 93%.

[0052] In summary, when cutting the surface of the 3D model of the scaffold mesh, the smaller the cutting area (i.e., the larger the area of ​​the set facet) and the more facets formed (i.e., the higher the proportion of facets with an area less than or equal to the set facet area), the better the fit between the resulting scaffold mesh and the bone augmentation. However, when the set facet area is greater than 1.0 mm... 2 Subsequently, regardless of the proportion of the cut planes with an area less than or equal to the set small plane area, the fit between the resulting network and the bone augmentation was less than 96%, significantly reducing the fit between the network and the bone augmentation. Therefore, it is advisable to select a small plane area less than or equal to 1 mm. 2 Furthermore, when the proportion of the small plane with an area less than or equal to the set small plane is greater than or equal to 95%, the resulting support network is closest to the ideal state, which can significantly improve the fit between the support network and the bone increment, thereby improving the comfort of the support network installation.

[0053] Example 5

[0054] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that, as Figure 4As shown, the support network in this embodiment is a mesh structure. When the patient has a large bone augmentation and the defect at the ridge is deep, it is recommended that the patient use a mesh structure to fix the bone augmentation, thereby increasing the contact area between the filling bone powder and the gingival tissue, thus increasing blood supply and ensuring the required amount of bone formation. Generally, a mesh structure is used when the defect depth (i.e., the distance between the surface of the bone augmentation and the alveolar bone at the defect site) exceeds 2 mm. Apart from this, there are no restrictions on the specific construction of the mesh structure; the porosity of the mesh structure needs to be determined according to the structure and size of the defect site.

[0055] This solution combines 3D modeling, dimensional transformation, and traditional surface treatment, enabling the fabrication of high-performance, highly fitting, and low-cost support meshes using conventional materials and processing techniques. It fully leverages the customization advantages of 3D printing and the material and processing advantages of traditional support mesh production, achieving support meshes with the same high degree of bone augmentation as 3D printed meshes. Furthermore, it reduces material costs, fully meeting the needs of different patients. This allows the support meshes from this solution to be widely applied to patients with limited budgets and those in remote areas, expanding the application scope of highly fitting support meshes.

[0056] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge such as specific technical solutions and / or characteristics are not described in detail here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for forming a branch network through dimensional transformation, characterized in that... It includes the following steps: Step 1: 3D modeling stage. A branch network 3D model is established based on the patient's digital bone augmentation plan. The steps for establishing the branch network 3D model are as follows: a 3D model of the patient's bone defect is formed based on the patient's maxillofacial CT / CBCT examination results. Bone augmentation is designed according to the principle of "repair-oriented". The outer contour surface of the bone augmentation is then extracted to obtain the branch network 3D model. Step 2: Dimensional Conversion Stage, converting the branch network 3D model into a branch network 2D model; This includes using horizontal and vertical UV curves to cut the surface of the branch network 3D model into several small planes connected end to end, with adjacent small planes sharing a common side length; after cutting, it also includes trimming, which involves cutting adjacent small planes with curvature changes exceeding 10° along the common side length to form a branch network 2D model with several gaps on the edge. Step 3: The branch network forming stage includes cutting, surface treatment and bending of the branch network material according to the two-dimensional model to obtain the three-dimensional structure of the branch network; the bending is to surround the two-dimensional structure of the branch network after surface treatment with the physical model of bone increment, and close the gap generated during the dimensional transformation to form the three-dimensional structure of the branch network after contour restoration.

2. The branch network forming method for dimensional transformation according to claim 1, characterized in that... The shape of the small plane is any one or a combination of two of the following: a triangle or a quadrilateral, and the area of ​​the small plane is less than or equal to 1 mm². 2 .

3. The branch network forming method for dimensional transformation according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step two, the cutting and trimming process also includes the design of fixing nail holes, which are located at the edge positions in the three-dimensional model of the support network with a curvature change of less than 10°.

4. The branch network forming method for dimensional transformation according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step three, the support mesh material includes any one of implantable titanium membrane, titanium alloy, tantalum-based alloy, cobalt-based alloy, chromium-based alloy, molybdenum-based alloy, stainless steel, magnesium alloy, polyurethane, silicone, polyetheretherketone, and polylactic acid.

5. The branch network forming method for dimensional transformation according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step three, the cutting involves cutting the support material according to the two-dimensional support model using either CNC machine tool processing technology or laser cutting technology to obtain the two-dimensional support structure.

6. The branch network forming method for dimensional transformation according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step three, the surface processing includes processing one or both sides of the material, and the processing includes any one of ultrafast laser micro / nano surface processing, film coating, or coating treatment.

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