A carbon flow tracking method for power systems based on carbon emission flow theory

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of carbon flow tracking method of power system based on carbon emission flow theory, comprising the following steps: step 1, the carbon flow model of power system generator, node, branch is established, and the carbon emission flow of power system is calculated;Step 2, based on the calculation result of carbon emission flow of power system in step 1, establish carbon flow tracking model of power system, and then solve the source of carbon emission of power system load and branch carbon emission.The present application can effectively solve the problem that the carbon flow tracking method based on traditional complex power flow tracking appears negative carbon emission due to complex power operation, compared with more realistic situation, the tracking of carbon emission is more accurate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of low-carbon optimization technology of power systems, and relates to a carbon flow tracking method for power systems, particularly a carbon flow tracking method for power systems based on carbon emission flow theory. Background Technology

[0002] As climate change and the greenhouse effect become increasingly prominent issues, reducing fossil fuel consumption and lowering carbon dioxide emissions have become common goals for countries and industries.

[0003] Carbon emissions from the power system are primarily generated by the consumption of fossil fuels in the power generation process. Therefore, traditional low-carbon optimization of the power system mostly focuses on source-end carbon emissions, calculating these "visible" carbon emissions. However, such studies attribute all carbon emissions from the power system to the generation side, which is unfair to the generation side, which sacrifices the local ecological environment to provide electricity to users and then bears all the responsibility for carbon emissions.

[0004] To address this issue, some studies have considered the network structure and transmission characteristics of power systems and utilized carbon flow tracing technology to calculate the carbon emission responsibility of consumer-side electricity users. One study proposed a carbon flow tracing model based on complex power flow tracing, which solves for the power load on the user side and the power flow sources of the grid lines, multiplying the tracing results by the carbon emission intensity of the corresponding generating units to obtain the carbon flow tracing result. However, this method transforms power flow tracing results into carbon flow tracing results, and due to the involvement of complex power calculations, negative carbon emissions may appear in the carbon flow tracing results, lacking practical significance. Other studies treat carbon emissions as virtual carbon flows, with the power flow from the source to the load in the power system. While this can calculate carbon emissions on both the source, grid, and load sides, it does not consider the sources of carbon emissions.

[0005] To address the shortcomings of carbon flow tracking methods in the aforementioned research on low-carbon optimization of power systems, this invention proposes a carbon flow tracking method for power systems based on carbon emission flow theory. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and propose a power system carbon flow tracking method that can accurately and reasonably track the carbon emissions of power system loads and branches.

[0007] The present invention solves its practical problem by adopting the following technical solution:

[0008] A carbon flow tracking method for power systems based on carbon emission flow theory includes the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Establish carbon flow models for generators, nodes, and branches in the power system, and calculate the carbon emission flow of the power system;

[0010] Step 2: Based on the calculation results of the power system carbon emission flow in Step 1, establish a power system carbon flow tracing model, and then solve for the sources of load carbon emissions and branch carbon emissions in the power system.

[0011] Furthermore, the specific steps of step 1 include:

[0012] (1) Establish carbon flow models for generators, nodes, and branches in the power system;

[0013] (2) Calculate the carbon emission flow of the power system.

[0014] Moreover, the specific steps of step 1 (1) include:

[0015] ① Establish a carbon emission flow model for power system generator units.

[0016] For a power system with N nodes, the carbon potential of the generators at node n is as follows:

[0017]

[0018] In the formula, The carbon potential of the generator set; This represents the carbon emissions per unit of active power generated per unit time by the generator. This refers to the active power of the generator.

[0019] ② Establish carbon emission flow models for power system nodes.

[0020] The nodal carbon emission flow model uses nodal carbon potential as an indicator to represent the carbon emissions corresponding to a unit of active power consumed per unit time at that node. For a power system with N nodes and L branches, the generator carbon potential at node n is as follows:

[0021]

[0022] Where, ρ m ,ρ n Let Ω be the nodal carbon potentials at nodes m and n, respectively (m, n = 1, 2, ..., N); n P is the set of nodes into which power flows are injected into node n; mn This refers to the active power flow injected from node m to node n, with the direction of the power flow being from node m to node n. This represents the active power injected into node n by the generator at node n.

[0023] Based on equation (2), the carbon flux density of all branches flowing out of node n can be obtained. For all branches flowing out of node n, the branch carbon flux density is equal to the nodal carbon potential of node n.

[0024] ② Establish a carbon emission flow model for power system branches.

[0025] The branch carbon emission flow model uses the branch carbon flow rate as an indicator to characterize the carbon emissions corresponding to the active power transmitted per unit time in a branch. For a power system with N nodes, the branch carbon flow density on branch ij is shown below:

[0026] R mn =ρ m P mn +ρ m P l Loss (3)

[0027] In the formula, R mn P is the carbon flow rate of the branch; l Loss The active power loss of the branch line.

[0028] Moreover, the specific steps of step 1, step (2) include:

[0029] A recursive algorithm for carbon emission flows in the power system is used to iterate through the nodes and branches of the power system until all branches are calculated. The specific steps are as follows:

[0030] ① Calculate the carbon potential of all generators using equation (1)

[0031] ② Calculate the carbon flux density of branch ij.

[0032] Traverse all branches of the power system and determine whether the carbon potential of the outflow node of the branch is known. If the carbon potential is known, calculate the carbon flow rate of the branch using equation (3); otherwise, traverse the next node. Obviously, in the first round of traversal, only the carbon flow density of the branch connected to the generator can be calculated because the carbon potential of its generator unit is known.

[0033] ③ Calculate the nodal carbon potential of node n

[0034] Traverse all nodes of the power system and determine whether the carbon flow rate of all branches that inject power into that node is known. If all are known, calculate the node carbon potential using equation (2). If the condition is not met, proceed to the next node.

[0035] ④ Determine whether the nodal carbon potential of all nodes has been calculated. If the carbon potential of all nodes has been calculated, the carbon emission flow calculation is complete; otherwise, return to step ② to continue the traversal calculation.

[0036] Furthermore, the specific steps of step 2 include:

[0037] (1) Perform non-destructive processing;

[0038] (2) Construct a carbon flow tracking model for the power system;

[0039] (3) Perform carbon flow tracking calculations for the power system.

[0040] Moreover, the specific steps of step 2, step (1) include:

[0041] Before the non-destructive treatment, the carbon emissions caused by network losses are ΔR. mn After the non-destructive treatment, a new node was added, and the carbon emissions corresponding to its node load are shown in equation (4):

[0042]

[0043] In the formula, (l=1,2,…,L) represents the load carbon emissions of the newly added nodes after non-destructive processing. After the addition of the nodes, neither branch ml nor branch ln has network loss carbon emissions.

[0044] Moreover, the specific steps of step 2 (2) include:

[0045] Define the injected carbon flow rate R at node i. i As shown in equation (5):

[0046]

[0047] In the formula, R ji (j,i=1,…,N,N+1,…,N+L) represents the branch carbon flow rate of branch ji, with the direction of flow from j to i; Let be the carbon flow rate injected from the generator at node i into node i, and its calculation method is shown in Equation 6:

[0048]

[0049] In the formula, P i G The active power injected from the generator at node i into node i; Let be the unit carbon potential of the generator at node i.

[0050] Rewriting equation (5) yields the mathematical relationship shown in equation (7):

[0051]

[0052] A matrix H is introduced to measure the relationship between node-injected carbon flow and generator-injected carbon flow. The matrix elements H are... ij Satisfy the relationship shown in equation (8):

[0053]

[0054] Using matrix H, equation (7) can be expressed as the relationship shown in equation (9):

[0055]

[0056] Equation (9) can be expressed in matrix form as shown in equation (10):

[0057] HR = R G (10)

[0058] In the formula, R = [R1, ..., R N ] T Let be the carbon flow rate vector consisting of the injected carbon flow from N nodes; Inject the carbon flow rate vector into the generator located at the node.

[0059] Equation (10) can be expressed as shown in Equation (11) by matrix inversion:

[0060] R = H -1 R G (11)

[0061] Let H be the inverse matrix of H. -1 For H inv Using equation (11), it is possible to track load carbon emissions and branch carbon emissions:

[0062] Moreover, the specific steps of step 2, step (3) include:

[0063] ① Perform carbon emission carbon flow tracking calculations for power system branches

[0064] For lines pq (p,q=1,2,…,N+L) in the system, the proportion of carbon emissions from line pq contributed by generator i is shown in equation (12):

[0065]

[0066] In the formula, R pq R represents the carbon flow rate on line pq, flowing from node p to node q; pq,i For R pq The carbon flow rate contributed by generator i; R p Let p be the injected carbon flow rate.

[0067] ② Perform carbon flow tracking calculations for power system load carbon emissions

[0068] For the load carbon emissions of system node k (k=1,2,…,N+L), the proportion contributed by generator i is shown in equation (13):

[0069]

[0070] In the formula, For the load carbon emissions at node k; for The carbon flow rate contributed by generator i; R k Let be the injected carbon flow rate at node k. When k = 1, 2, ..., N... This represents the carbon flow tracking result of the original system load; when k = N+1,…,N+L, This indicates the carbon flow tracking results for newly added node loads in the system, i.e., the tracking results for carbon emissions from network losses.

[0071] Advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0072] 1. This invention integrates a method for calculating carbon emission flows in power systems and applies it to a method for tracking carbon flows in power systems. This effectively solves the problem of negative carbon emissions caused by complex power flow tracking in traditional carbon flow tracking methods based on complex power flow. In comparison, it is more in line with the actual situation and the tracking of carbon emissions is more accurate.

[0073] 2. This invention avoids large-scale complex power calculations by directly tracking carbon emission flows in the power system, which significantly reduces memory capacity and computational load, thus facilitating the realization of carbon flow tracking in large-scale power systems. Attached Figure Description

[0074] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the carbon emission flow recursion algorithm of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 2 (a) is a schematic diagram of the network loss carbon emission reduction before the present invention;

[0076] Figure 2 (b) is a schematic diagram of the non-destructive carbon emission reduction of the network loss according to the present invention;

[0077] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the IEEE 39-node system of the present invention;

[0078] Figure 4 This is a load curve diagram of the system of the present invention;

[0079] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the generator output of the system of the present invention;

[0080] Figure 6 This is a comparison chart of the load carbon emission tracking error between the method of the present invention and the prior art method. Detailed Implementation

[0081] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0082] A carbon flow tracking method for power systems based on carbon emission flow theory includes the following steps:

[0083] Step 1: Establish carbon flow models for generators, nodes, and branches in the power system, and calculate the carbon emission flow of the power system;

[0084] The specific steps of step 1 include:

[0085] (1) Establish carbon flow models for generators, nodes, and branches in the power system;

[0086] The specific steps of step 1, step (1) include:

[0087] ① Establish a carbon emission flow model for power system generator units.

[0088] The generator carbon emission flow model uses generator carbon potential as an indicator to characterize the carbon emissions per unit of active power per unit time from a generator. For a power system with N nodes, the generator carbon potential at node n is as follows:

[0089]

[0090] In the formula, The carbon potential of the generator set; This represents the carbon emissions per unit of active power generated per unit time by the generator. This refers to the active power of the generator.

[0091] ② Establish carbon emission flow models for power system nodes.

[0092] The nodal carbon emission flow model uses nodal carbon potential as an indicator to represent the carbon emissions corresponding to a unit of active power consumed per unit time at that node. For a power system with N nodes and L branches, the generator carbon potential at node n is as follows:

[0093]

[0094] Where, ρ m ,ρ n Let Ω be the nodal carbon potentials at nodes m and n, respectively (m, n = 1, 2, ..., N); n P is the set of nodes into which power flows are injected into node n; mn This refers to the active power flow injected from node m to node n, with the direction of the power flow being from node m to node n. This represents the active power injected into node n by the generator at node n.

[0095] Based on equation (2), the carbon flux density of all branches flowing out of node n can be obtained. For all branches flowing out of node n, the branch carbon flux density is equal to the nodal carbon potential of node n.

[0096] ② Establish a carbon emission flow model for power system branches.

[0097] The branch carbon emission flow model uses the branch carbon flow rate as an indicator to characterize the carbon emissions corresponding to the active power transmitted per unit time in a branch. For a power system with N nodes, the branch carbon flow density on branch ij is shown below:

[0098] R mn =ρ m P mn +ρ m P l Loss (3)

[0099] In the formula, R mn P is the carbon flow rate of the branch; l Loss The active power loss of the branch line.

[0100] (2) Calculate the carbon emission flow of the power system.

[0101] The specific steps of step 1, step (2) include:

[0102] A recursive algorithm for calculating carbon emission flows in the power system is used, iterating through the nodes and branches of the power system until all branches are calculated. The algorithm flow is as follows: Figure 1 As shown. The specific steps are as follows:

[0103] ① Calculate the carbon potential of all generators using equation (1)

[0104] ② Calculate the carbon flux density of branch ij.

[0105] Traverse all branches of the power system and determine whether the carbon potential of the branch's outflow node (i.e., from which node the branch flows out) is known. If the carbon potential is known, calculate the branch's carbon flow rate using equation (3); otherwise, traverse the next node. Obviously, in the first round of traversal, only the carbon flow density of the branch connected to the generator can be calculated because the carbon potential of its generator unit is known.

[0106] ③ Calculate the nodal carbon potential of node n

[0107] Traverse all nodes of the power system and determine whether the carbon flow rate of all branches that inject power into that node is known. If all are known, calculate the node carbon potential using equation (2). If the condition is not met, proceed to the next node.

[0108] ④ Determine whether the nodal carbon potential of all nodes has been calculated. If the carbon potential of all nodes has been calculated, the carbon emission flow calculation is complete; otherwise, return to step ② to continue the traversal calculation.

[0109] Step 2: Based on the calculation results of the power system carbon emission flow in Step 1, establish a power system carbon flow tracing model, and then solve for the sources of load carbon emissions and branch carbon emissions in the power system.

[0110] (1) Perform non-destructive processing;

[0111] The specific steps of step 2, step (1) include:

[0112] like Figure 2 As shown in (a), before the non-destructive treatment, the carbon emissions caused by network losses are ΔR. mn .like Figure 2 As shown in (b), after the non-destructive treatment, a new node was added, and the carbon emissions corresponding to its node load are shown in equation (4):

[0113]

[0114] In the formula, (l=1,2,…,L) represents the load carbon emissions of the newly added nodes after non-destructive processing. After the addition of the nodes, neither branch ml nor branch ln has network loss carbon emissions.

[0115] (2) Construct a carbon flow tracking model for the power system;

[0116] The specific steps of step 2, step (2) include:

[0117] Define the injected carbon flow rate R at node i. i As shown in equation (5):

[0118]

[0119] In the formula, R ji (j,i=1,…,N,N+1,…,N+L) represents the branch carbon flow rate of branch ji, with the direction of flow from j to i; Let be the carbon flow rate injected from the generator at node i into node i, and its calculation method is shown in Equation 6:

[0120]

[0121] In the formula, P i G The active power injected from the generator at node i into node i; Let be the unit carbon potential of the generator at node i.

[0122] Rewriting equation (5) yields the mathematical relationship shown in equation (7):

[0123]

[0124] A matrix H is introduced to measure the relationship between node-injected carbon flow and generator-injected carbon flow. The matrix elements H are... ij Satisfy the relationship shown in equation (8):

[0125]

[0126] Using matrix H, equation (7) can be expressed as the relationship shown in equation (9):

[0127]

[0128] Equation (9) can be expressed in matrix form as shown in equation (10):

[0129] HR = R G (10)

[0130] In the formula, R = [R1, ..., R N ] T Let be the carbon flow rate vector consisting of the injected carbon flow from N nodes; Inject the carbon flow rate vector into the generator located at the node.

[0131] Equation (10) can be expressed as shown in Equation (11) by matrix inversion:

[0132] R = H -1 R G (11)

[0133] Let H be the inverse matrix of H. -1 For H inv Using equation (11), it is possible to track load carbon emissions and branch carbon emissions:

[0134] (3) Perform carbon flow tracking calculations for the power system;

[0135] The specific steps of step 2, step (3) include:

[0136] ① Perform carbon emission carbon flow tracking calculations for power system branches

[0137] For lines pq (p,q=1,2,…,N+L) in the system, the proportion of carbon emissions from line pq contributed by generator i is shown in equation (12):

[0138]

[0139] In the formula, R pq R represents the carbon flow rate on line pq, flowing from node p to node q; pq,i For R pq The carbon flow rate contributed by generator i; R p Let p be the injected carbon flow rate.

[0140] ② Perform carbon flow tracking calculations for power system load carbon emissions

[0141] For the load carbon emissions of system node k (k=1,2,…,N+L), the proportion contributed by generator i is shown in equation (13):

[0142]

[0143] In the formula, For the load carbon emissions at node k; for The carbon flow rate contributed by generator i; R k Let be the injected carbon flow rate at node k. When k = 1, 2, ..., N... This represents the carbon flow tracking result of the original system load; when k = N+1,…,N+L, This indicates the carbon flow tracking results for newly added node loads in the system, i.e., the tracking results for carbon emissions from network losses.

[0144] The invention will be further illustrated below with specific examples:

[0145] A numerical example analysis is conducted using the New England 10-generator 39-bus system as an example to verify the correctness of the carbon flow tracking method proposed in this invention and its advantages compared with existing tracking methods. The New England 10-generator 39-bus system comprises 10 generators, 39 nodes, and 46 lines, and its system structure is as follows: Figure 3 As shown in Table 1, the carbon potential of the system's generator sets is as follows:

[0146] Table 1. Carbon potential of generator sets

[0147]

[0148] The system load curve is as follows Figure 4 As shown. The generator output of the system is as follows. Figure 5 As shown.

[0149] The load carbon emission tracking results using the method proposed in this invention and the carbon flow tracking methods based on complex power flow tracking proposed in the prior art are shown in Tables 2 and 3, respectively. Due to space limitations, Table 2 only shows a portion of the nodes. The tracking error of the present invention compared with the prior art is shown in Tables 2 and 3. Figure 6 As shown.

[0150] Table 2. Results of carbon emission tracking using methods in this invention and prior art.

[0151]

[0152] As shown in Table 2, the carbon flow tracking results obtained by the method proposed in this invention are basically consistent with the calculation results of the methods proposed in the prior art, which preliminarily verifies the correctness of the method proposed in this invention.

[0153] The shortcoming of the existing technology is that a few items in the table show negative carbon emissions, while load power consumption does not cause negative carbon emissions, which is inconsistent with reality. Figure 6 Furthermore, it can be seen that, apart from the items corresponding to negative carbon emissions in the results of the prior art, the errors of the other items with the carbon flow tracking results of the present invention remain within 10%.

[0154] In summary, this invention constructs a carbon flow tracing method based on carbon emission flow theory. Its technical features include the following steps: Step 1, establishing carbon flow models for generators, nodes, and branches in a power system, and solving for the carbon flow distribution in the power system; Step 2, establishing a power system carbon flow tracing model, and then solving for the sources of carbon emissions from power system loads and branches. This invention integrates the power system carbon emission flow model and incorporates it into the power system carbon flow tracing method, further improving the rationality of the tracing results while ensuring their accuracy.

[0155] It should be emphasized that the embodiments described in this invention are illustrative rather than limiting. Therefore, this invention includes, but is not limited to, the embodiments described in the specific implementation. Any other implementations derived by those skilled in the art based on the technical solutions of this invention are also within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A carbon flow tracking method for power systems based on carbon emission flow theory, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Establish carbon flow models for generators, nodes, and branches in the power system, and calculate the carbon emission flow of the power system; Step 2: Based on the calculation results of the power system carbon emission flow in Step 1, establish a power system carbon flow tracing model, and then solve for the sources of load carbon emissions and branch carbon emissions in the power system. The specific steps for establishing the carbon flow model of the power system generators, nodes, and branches in step 1 include: ① Establish a carbon emission flow model for power system generator units. For a power system with N nodes, the carbon potential of the generators at node n is as follows: (1) In the formula, The carbon potential of the generator set; This represents the carbon emissions per unit of active power generated per unit time by the generator. This represents the active power injected from the generator at node n into node n. ② Establish carbon emission flow models for power system nodes. The nodal carbon emission flow model uses nodal carbon potential as an indicator to characterize the carbon emissions corresponding to a unit of active power consumed per unit time at that node. For a power system with N nodes and L branches, the generator carbon potential at node n is as follows: (2) in, , Let m and n be the nodal carbon potentials of nodes m and n, respectively, where m, n = 1, 2, ..., N; The set of nodes into which power flows are injected; P mn This refers to the active power flow injected from node m to node n, with the direction of the power flow being from node m to node n. This represents the active power injected from the generator at node n into node n. Based on equation (2), the carbon flow density of all branches flowing out from node n can be obtained; for all branches flowing out from node n, the branch carbon flow density is equal to the node carbon potential of node n. ② Establish a carbon emission flow model for power system branches. The branch carbon emission flow model uses the branch carbon flow rate as an indicator to characterize the carbon emissions corresponding to the active power transmitted per unit time in a branch. For a power system with N nodes, the branch carbon flow density on branch ij is shown below: (3) In the formula, The carbon flow rate of the branch; The active power loss of the branch line.

2. The carbon flow tracking method for power systems based on carbon emission flow theory according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps for calculating the carbon emission flow of the power system in step 1 include: A recursive algorithm for carbon emission flows in the power system is used to iterate through the nodes and branches of the power system until all branches are calculated. The specific steps are as follows: ① Calculate the carbon potential of all generators using equation (1) ② Calculate the carbon flux density of branch ij. Traverse all branches of the power system and determine whether the carbon potential of the outflow node of the branch is known. If the carbon potential of the node is known, calculate the carbon flow rate of the branch by equation (3); otherwise, traverse the next node. Obviously, in the first round of traversal, only the carbon flow density of the branch connected to the generator can be calculated because the carbon potential of its generator unit is known. ③ Calculate the nodal carbon potential of node n Traverse all nodes of the power system and determine whether the carbon flow rate of all branches that inject power into that node is known. If all are known, calculate the node carbon potential using equation (2). If the condition is not met, proceed to the next node. ④ Determine whether the nodal carbon potential of all nodes has been calculated. If the carbon potential of all nodes has been calculated, the carbon emission flow calculation is complete; otherwise, return to step ② to continue the traversal calculation.

3. The carbon flow tracking method for power systems based on carbon emission flow theory according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of step 2 include: (1) Perform non-destructive treatment; (2) Construct a carbon flow tracking model for the power system; (3) Perform carbon flow tracking calculations for the power system.

4. The carbon flow tracking method for power systems based on carbon emission flow theory according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific steps of step 2, step (1) include: Before the non-destructive treatment, the carbon emissions caused by network losses were: After the non-destructive treatment, a new node was added, and the carbon emissions corresponding to its node load are shown in equation (4): (4) In the formula, l=1,2,…,L represents the load carbon emissions of the newly added node after non-destructive processing; L is the total number of branches in the power system; after the addition of the node, neither branch ml nor branch ln has network loss carbon emissions.

5. A carbon flow tracking method for power systems based on carbon emission flow theory according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific steps of step 2 (2) include: Define nodes i Injected carbon flow rate R i As shown in equation (5): (5) In the formula, R ji branch road ji The branch carbon flow rate, of which, j,i =1,…, N , N +1,…, N+L, Direction from j Flow direction i， N is the total number of existing nodes in the power system, and L is the total number of branches in the power system. For nodes i Generator at the node i The injected carbon flow rate is calculated as shown in Equation 6: (6) In the formula, For nodes i Generator at the node i Injected active power; For nodes i The carbon potential of the generator unit; Rewriting equation (5) yields the mathematical relationship shown in equation (7): (7) Introducing matrices H To determine the relationship between the carbon flow injected at the metering node and the carbon flow injected by the generator. H matrix elements H ij Satisfy the relationship shown in equation (8): (8) Using matrices H Equation (7) can be expressed as the relationship shown in Equation (9): (9) Equation (9) can be expressed in matrix form as shown in equation (10): (10) In the formula, R =[ R 1,…, R N ] T For the reason N The carbon flow rate vector is composed of the injected carbon flow at each node; Inject the carbon flow rate vector into the generator located at the node; Equation (10) can be expressed as shown in Equation (11) by matrix inversion: (11) remember H inverse matrix H -1 for H inv Using equation (11), it is possible to track load carbon emissions and branch carbon emissions.

6. A carbon flow tracking method for power systems based on carbon emission flow theory according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific steps of step 2, step (3) include: ① Perform carbon emission carbon flow tracking calculations for power system branches For the lines in the system pq , p,q =1,2,…, N+L ,line pq Carbon emissions from generators i The contribution ratio is shown in equation (12): (12) In the formula, R pq For the line pq Carbon flux on, direction from node p Flow to Node q ; R pq,i for R pq medium generator i Contributing carbon flow rate; R p For nodes p The injected carbon flow rate; ② Perform carbon flow tracking calculations for power system load carbon emissions For system nodes k , k =1,2,…, N+L, Carbon emissions from load, generator i The contribution ratio is shown in equation (13): (13) In the formula, For nodes k Carbon emissions at the load; for medium generator i Contributing carbon flow rate; R k For nodes k Injected carbon flow rate at the location; when k =1,2,…, N hour, This represents the carbon flow tracking result of the original system load; when k = N +1,…, N+L hour, This indicates the carbon flow tracking results for newly added node loads in the system, i.e., the tracking results for carbon emissions from network losses.

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