Finishing method, device, finishing machine comprising the device and use thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a finishing method for an axicon having a concave or convex conical surface with a conical axis and a conical angle, which method uses a geometrically undefined cutting edge in the form of bound or loose particles in combination with a liquid on a machining area of a tool, which tool is configured for linear engagement with the conical surface and has a front end relative to the conical axis. Material is removed from the conical surface using the relative cutting speed generated by the rotational movement of the axicon around the conical axis and the relative linear oscillating movement (oscillation axis R) of the tool, during which linear movement the machining area is in linear engagement with the conical surface and the front end of the machining area moves back and forth in the radial direction in plan view relative to the conical axis. The invention furthermore relates to a device which can be used in the aforementioned method and which can be mounted on the tool spindle of a finishing device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention generally relates to a method and apparatus for finishing an axial prism, a finishing machine including the apparatus, and the application of the finishing machine to the finishing of axial prisms. Specifically, this invention relates to a method and apparatus for grinding, precision grinding, and / or polishing surfaces such as convex or concave conical lenses that can withstand batch processing in precision optics.

[0002] In conventional technical terminology, an "axial prism" is a special lens that is formed in a conical or conical shape at at least one of its two optically effective surfaces. An axial prism can be convex or concave and can be made of any optical material, such as quartz glass, silicon dioxide, germanium, silicon, infrared glass (chalcogenide glass), Zerodur (registered trademark), etc. Approximately plano-convex or plano-concave axial prisms are typical. In the terminology of this invention, "axial prism" should be understood in the broadest sense as any workpiece, regardless of its material, that has at least one segment formed in a convex or concave conical shape at at least one workpiece surface. Even when "conical surface" is mentioned below in connection with this invention, the expression should be understood in the broadest sense and includes, in addition to conical annular surfaces with any axial boundary, non-annular, convex or concave curved surface segments of workpieces with arbitrary four-sided boundaries that satisfy the mathematical description of a right-angled cone. Background Technology

[0003] A single axiprism can, for example, produce a ring beam profile from a laser beam. In this case, the diameter of the ring beam depends on the cone angle of the axiprism and increases with the distance between the axiprism and the image plane, while the ring width remains constant. Multiple beam profiles can be produced by combining an axiprism with other axiprisms or other lenses, as described, for example, in document DE 10 2015 201 639 B4.

[0004] Therefore, axial prisms are primarily used in beam shaping and various laser applications in high-power fields. For example, axial prisms are used in the medical field of laser ophthalmic surgery. The ability to focus a laser beam into a ring-shaped beam profile helps to smooth and remove corneal tissue. In that case, the diameter of the ring for optimal power distribution can be set by combining convex and concave axial prisms and varying their spacing.

[0005] Regarding the technical requirements for axial prisms, it's worth mentioning that in the aforementioned applications, depending on the specific use, the permissible surface shape variation (RMSi = root mean square difference according to DIN ISO 10110) is within the range of RMSi ≤ 0.7 μm, and in some cases even within the range of RMSi ≤ 0.04 μm. In this respect, the RMSi value describes the difference between the total shape error and the optimal fit to a spherical surface. Accordingly, the finishing of axial prisms places high demands on machining quality.

[0006] The production or processing of the optically effective surface of an axial prism can be broadly divided into two stages: first, the optically effective surface is shaped or pre-machined to produce the desired macroscopic geometry; then, the optically effective surface is finished to eliminate the traces of the pre-machined process and obtain the desired microscopic geometry. Given that the shaping or pre-machined surface of an axial prism is performed particularly by milling, turning, and / or grinding, or otherwise pre-forming or re-forming the material of the axial prism (see, for example, document US 2013 / 0272653 A1), the finishing process typically involves precision grinding, lapping, and / or polishing of the optically effective surface of the axial prism, employing geometrically indeterminate cutting edges that combine with the fluid between the workpiece and the tool in the form of bound or loose particles, where the workpiece and tool are moving relative to each other.

[0007] Similar to the method disclosed in document DE 195 43 184 A1, in known methods of machining axial prisms, the conical surface of the axial prism is machined to a finished state by a polishing tool with a smaller diameter and a conical circumferential surface. In that case, the polishing tool, which can be driven to rotate about its central axis, is positioned relative to the axial prism, which is also driven to rotate about its conical axis, such that the central axis of the polishing tool and the conical axis of the axial prism lie in the same plane, wherein the circumferential surface of the polishing tool is aligned with the conical surface of the axial prism to be polished. As a result, the circumferential surface of the polishing tool and the conical surface of the axial prism to be polished engage along a segment of the circumferential surface of the polishing tool. During polishing, which is performed under the feeding of a liquid polishing medium, the polishing tool and the axial prism are driven to rotate in the same direction or (preferably) in opposite directions, wherein the polishing tool additionally moves axially along a segment of its circumferential surface that contacts the conical surface of the axial prism to be polished until the conical surface of the axial prism is completely polished.

[0008] Relatively large polishing removal can be achieved due to the superposition of the two rotational motions of the polishing tool and the axial prism, especially in the case of rotational drives in opposite directions. However, the relative motion between the polishing tool and the axial prism produced in this case occurs almost exclusively in the circumferential direction, or, depending on the advancement of the polishing tool along the contact circumferential surface segment, even in a slightly helical manner. Furthermore, different removal effects are achieved in different polishing zones depending on the radial distance from the center or conical axis. In this known polishing process, due to the aforementioned engagement relationship between the tool and the workpiece, there is a risk of forming structures with a radially dominant direction on the polished surface; given the aforementioned background of the desired machining or surface quality, this situation should be particularly avoided.

[0009] Finally, document DE 36 43 914 A1 discloses a method and apparatus for grinding or polishing very large optical elements, such as those used for astronomical observation. A primary mirror of a telescope is used as a specific example here. In this prior art, the tool is formed as a strip of flexible membrane, in the disclosed example, 5 meters long and 1 meter wide, covering only a portion of the surface of the workpiece to be processed. Multiple loading elements are arranged on the side of the membrane away from the surface to be processed, these loading elements being supported by individual controllable forces on the rear side of the membrane, locally pressing the membrane against the surface to be processed with a defined pressure distribution. Furthermore, the prior art apparatus has a rotary actuator for the workpiece, which has an angle encoder connected thereto, the output of which is connected to a controller for activating the loading elements.

[0010] During actual processing, the membrane is configured to oscillate radially using the surface of the workpiece, which rotates beneath it and is ready for processing. The loading element pressing the membrane against the surface to be processed is stationary relative to the workpiece and does not participate in the oscillating motion of the membrane. In this case, the time profile of the pressure distribution is controlled according to the rotation angle between the workpiece and the tool, specifically to shorten the processing time. However, considering the geometry of the cone to be finished at the axial prism, its typical dimensions, and the required machining accuracy, this prior art neither solves the problem of finishing the axial prism nor utilizes the pressure distribution concept disclosed therein.

[0011] The object of this invention is to provide a method for finishing axial prisms that is possibly the simplest, addressing the problems discussed above regarding the prior art. Specifically, this method should be able to finish axial prisms with high machining quality and as quickly as possible, without the risk of forming undesirable structures or other surface defects on the finished conical surface of the axial prism. The object of this invention also includes describing an apparatus for improving the finishing of axial prisms, which can be used as simply as possible without significant setup costs, and finishing machines suitable for this purpose, including their use for high-quality finishing of axial prisms. Summary of the Invention

[0012] These objectives are achieved by a method having the steps described below, an apparatus having the features described below, and a finishing machine having the features described below, as well as the application of the finishing machine according to the description below. Advantageous embodiments of the invention will be described below.

[0013] According to the invention, in a method for finishing an axial prism having at least one concave or convex conical surface with a conical (conical) axis and a conical (conical) angle, material removal is provided at the conical surface of the axial prism by means of a tool having a machining area for linear engagement with the conical surface to be machined, the area having a front end relative to the conical axis, and a geometrically indeterminate cutting edge in the form of bound or loose particles and fluid at the machining area of ​​the tool, the aforementioned relative cutting speed being generated solely by the rotational motion of the axial prism about the conical axis and the relative oscillating linear motion along the oscillating axis of the tool, in which case the tool is configured to linearly engage with the conical surface to be machined, wherein the front end of the machining area, as seen in the plan view, moves back and forth in the radial direction relative to the conical axis.

[0014] As the inventors have demonstrated, radial groove structures, surface shape defects, high levels of surface roughness and angular errors on or at the conical surface of the axial prism are reliably avoided by a tool whose rotational motion, transverse to the axial prism, oscillates along the conical angle and is linearly supported only on the conical surface of the axial prism to be machined. As a result of the method according to the invention, the processed conical surface of the axial prism is much cleaner and smoother. Relatively high removal performance and therefore, the fastest possible finishing can be easily achieved by appropriately selecting the rotational speed of the axial prism about the conical axis and / or the oscillation frequency of the tool on the conical surface of the axial prism to be machined. In the linear contact between the tool and the conical surface of the axial prism provided according to the invention, it is additionally advantageous to impart a specific degree of offset to the tool relative to the conical surface at its front or rear end relative to the conical axis, and thus affect the pressure distribution along the tool length, thereby allowing for angular correction of the conical surface of the axial prism within a certain range.

[0015] In this regard, a two-stage procedure can be provided in an advantageous method embodiment, wherein, firstly, relative alignment and adjustment movements are generated between the axial prism and the tool according to the cone angle (first stage), resulting in the linear engagement of the machining area of ​​the tool with the conical surface of the axial prism, wherein the front end of the machining area faces the cone axis, which is generated between the axial prisms, the axial prisms being driven to rotate about the cone axis or about the rotation axis of the workpiece; and a relative oscillating linear movement of the tool as a forward movement along the oscillation axis (second stage), wherein, as seen in the plan view, during the rotation of the axial prism about the cone axis, the front end of the machining area moves multiple times from the outer edge region of the cone surface in a radial direction relative to the cone axis to at least approach the cone axis and then returns again.

[0016] In this regard, "at least close to the cone axis" means, in the case of forward motion, more precisely, in the case of a suitable oscillation stroke in the forward motion, ensuring that the entire conical surface of the axial prism is covered by the tool for finishing. In the case of a convex conical surface, this may include the tool's forward motion extending beyond the cone axis. In the case of a concave axial prism's conical surface, the result is that the preliminary machining to produce the desired macro-geometry typically has a transition section in the cone axis region, extending along the cone axis and having a small diameter, for example, 2 mm, where the forward motion along the cone axis ends when the tool reaches this transition section through the front end of its machining area. In other words, in the case of a concave conical surface, it is ensured that the tool does not oscillate beyond the cone axis at the front end of its machining area during its forward motion.

[0017] Further according to the concept of the invention, it can be stipulated that during the finishing of the conical surface, the rotational speed of the axial prism about the conical axis and the frequency of the relative oscillating linear motion on the conical surface along the oscillating axis of the tool can be matched to each other, such that the number of reciprocating motions of the tool per revolution of the axial prism is not even. Therefore, the near-precise radial position of the tool at the start of the axial prism rotation after the axial prism has rotated about the conical axis is avoided in a simple manner. Thus, during finishing, with each rotation of the axial prism about the conical axis, a continuous “trajectory change” of the tool on the finishing conical surface is advantageously achieved. This is beneficial for very good surface quality. In this respect, the number of reciprocating motions of the tool per revolution of the axial prism can, in principle, be an integer, but can also be non-integer, so that the reversal point of the tool is located at different angular positions of the axial prism relative to the conical axis.

[0018] The inventors' research indicates that during the finishing of a conical surface, it is advantageous for the tool to reciprocate between three and seven times per revolution around the conical axis of the axial prism. Given a correlation between frequency and rotational speed, the dwell time of the tool's machining area on the surface segment of the axial prism's conical surface should be neither too long nor too short to achieve a good, uniform, and precise finishing effect.

[0019] According to another aspect of the invention, an apparatus for finishing an axonometric prism having at least one concave or convex conical surface with a conical axis and a conical angle includes a tool having a machining area for linear engagement with the conical surface to be machined, wherein the apparatus has a base adapted to be mounted on a tool spindle of a finishing machine via a flange, and a guide arrangement is mounted on the base to guide longitudinal movement of a tool holder that can be driven to swing along a swing axis and to carry the finishing tool of the axonometric prism.

[0020] Therefore, for the finishing of the axial prism, which can be performed as described above, it is not necessary to provide a finishing machine specifically constructed for this purpose; instead, conventional grinding or polishing machines can be used. The device according to the invention for finishing the axial prism is mounted on the spindle of such a machine via its base. Thus, existing grinding and polishing machines can be quickly equipped to finish the axial prism without significant preparation costs. For the actual finishing, the existing machine axis of the grinding or polishing machine is then advantageously used to achieve tool adjustment and alignment via its machining area relative to the conical surface to be machined at the axial prism.

[0021] Furthermore, the present invention provides a finishing machine comprising a tool spindle having a tool rotation axis C and a workpiece spindle having a workpiece rotation axis D, the spindles protruding into a workspace defined by the machine tool and being movable relative to each other (Y-axis, Z-axis) at least in an imaginary plane Y-Z spanned by the tool rotation axis and the workpiece rotation axis, and being displaced relative to each other relative to a swing axis A extending perpendicular to the plane Y-Z, wherein the device for finishing a shaft prism proposed herein is mounted on the end of the tool spindle facing the workpiece spindle.

[0022] In this case, the machine tool of the finishing machine, in a particularly rigid embodiment created specifically for the high precision requirements of optical manufacturing, may have two sidewalls forming a workspace between them, and a gantry mounted on both sidewalls, which is movable along the longitudinal direction of the Y-axis, and the tool spindle is guided at the gantry to move along the Z-axis at least in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction along the Y-axis, and wherein a yoke is provided in the workspace, which carries the workpiece spindle and is mounted on the sidewalls to be rotatable about a pivot axis A, as described, for example, in the applicant's German patent DE100 29 967 B4.

[0023] Furthermore, the present invention provides the use of the aforementioned finishing machine, wherein the proposed device for finishing shaft prisms is mounted on its tool spindle for finishing shaft prisms with concave or convex conical surfaces having at least one conical axis and conical angle.

[0024] Further regarding the tapered finishing apparatus, in a particularly simple embodiment, the guide arrangement may have a guide frame for the tool holder guide rails mounted on opposite sides.

[0025] In principle, in this case, the guide rail can have a particularly easy-to-operate rolling body. However, on the other hand, considering the low cost and simple configuration of the device, it is preferable that the guide rail, made of a sliding support material such as sintered bronze or copper alloy, or a suitable plastic material such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or PTFE (registered trademark), has a V-shaped groove on each of its mutually facing sides, wherein the tool holder has a wedge-shaped guide section on each of its mutually distant sides, the wedge-shaped guide section of the tool holder being slidably received within the V-shaped groove of the guide rail. In such an embodiment, the guide arrangement is particularly insensitive to abrasive and polishing materials, thus resulting in less wear, ease of cleaning, and the absence of additional lubrication such as grease for sufficient ease of operation, which may be detrimental to good polishing results.

[0026] In principle, the apparatus for finishing shaft prisms can have a separate linear actuator that drives the tool holder to oscillate, thereby causing the tool to reciprocate over the machining area on the conical surface to be finished. In this regard, it can be, for example, a moving-magnet linear motor, with its permanent magnets fixed to the tool holder, which serves as the rotor, and its coil assembly mounted as the stator on the base of the apparatus.

[0027] However, on the other hand, in view of the lowest possible technical expenditure and the simple possibility of refitting existing finishing machines with the aforementioned finishing devices, it is particularly preferred to provide a transmission mechanism for the oscillating drive of the tool carrier, which is adapted to convert the rotational motion generated by the tool spindle of the finishing machine into the reciprocating linear motion of the tool carrier along the oscillating axis.

[0028] In a particularly simple embodiment, the transmission mechanism may include a turntable drivably connected to the tool spindle of a finishing machine and rotatable about a rotation axis, with a guide pin mounted on the turntable radially offset relative to the rotation axis. This pin engages in a slot in the tool holder that extends transversely to the swing axis, such that the tool holder can be driven to swing along the swing axis for a predetermined stroke.

[0029] In principle, the turntable of the transmission mechanism can have only one eccentrically arranged fixing hole for the guide pin, so as to provide an eccentric drive with only a predetermined fixed stroke. However, for the most likely use of the shaft prism finishing device, it is preferable that the turntable has multiple fixing holes for the guide pin, which have different radial distances from the axis of rotation, so that the stroke of the tool holder can be set in stages.

[0030] Therefore, in principle, a tool holder can have only one slot for engaging a guide pin. However, in a preferred embodiment of the tool holder, it has at least two parallel slots for selectively engaging a guide pin by which the axial relative position of the tool holder with respect to the axis of rotation can be set. During the finishing of a particular axial prism, the guide pin is subsequently retained in a slot in the tool holder that was assigned to the pin prior to the finishing of the axial prism. This embodiment also facilitates the flexible use of the device for finishing axial prisms with different geometries.

[0031] In a particularly simple variation of the apparatus for finishing shaft prisms, the tool can optionally be rigidly connected to the tool holder by means of a spacer. The specific finishing sensitivity required during the process of bringing the tool's machining area into and holding it within and engaging with the tapered surface of the shaft prism to be finished must in this case be achieved by means of the motion axis of the finishing machine, necessitating a suitable sensor system for the finishing machine.

[0032] However, in contrast, the following embodiment of the device is preferred, wherein a connecting portion with an additional guiding arrangement is mounted at the tool holder for guiding the tool in a direction transverse to the swing axis of the tool holder, wherein the tool is loaded in this transverse direction by a force that causes the tool to move away from the connecting portion. Therefore, the device itself does not have “hard” guidance, but advantageously possesses a degree of softness, allowing the tool to deviate against the loading force in a direction transverse to the swing axis during finishing of the conical surface. This allows for particularly gentle fine machining of the macro-geometry of the conical surface.

[0033] In principle, the aforementioned force in the direction transverse to the swing axis can be generated, for example, by one or more springs or by using an elastomer or elastic foam, which acts in a pressing or pulling manner between the connecting part and the tool. Specifically, regarding low wear and satisfactory cleaning possibilities, in a preferred embodiment of the apparatus for finishing shaft prisms, the aforementioned force is applied by at least two mutually repelling magnets arranged between the connecting part and the tool. Such magnets in this position are actually exposed to the abrasive polishing medium, but are not corroded by it.

[0034] For the movable guidance of the tool transverse to the swing axis, additional guide arrangements can, in principle, include any desired linear guide at the connection point, such as a linear guide with shaped guide rails, and a bracket with rollers mounted thereon that runs on the tool side. However, particularly regarding the need for minimal space, it is preferred that another guide arrangement include at least one guide cylinder. Thus, for example, two parallel cylindrical holes can be formed in the connection point, each receiving a guide rod properly secured to the tool.

[0035] As seen along the tool's swing axis, the connecting portion can, in principle, be mounted on the tool holder in a fixed axial position, and the tool can also be arranged in a fixed axial position relative to the connecting portion. However, on the other hand, the following embodiment of the device is preferred, wherein the connecting portion is fixed to the tool holder so that its axial position along the swing axis is variable, and / or the tool is mounted on another guide arrangement so that its axial position along the swing axis is variable. Therefore, there are further possibilities to influence the axial position of the tool during the finishing of the axial prism, which in turn is particularly advantageous for the flexible use of devices for finishing axial prisms with different geometries.

[0036] Different embodiments of the tool itself are conceivable, wherein the machining area of ​​the tool ensures linear engagement with the conical surface of the axial prism to be machined. Thus, as seen in the plan view, the tool in the first variant can have a substantially isosceles triangular shape with a machining area having a front end at the vertex of the triangle and allowing linear engagement with the conical surface of the axial prism to be machined on each mutually distant longitudinal side of the machining area. This tool is used to process concave axial prisms. Due to the double linear engagement occurring on both longitudinal sides of the tool with the concave axial prism to be machined, the tool advantageously provides a high level of removal performance.

[0037] In the second alternative variant, the tool can be substantially strip-shaped, having a machining area with a front end on the lateral side of the tool and allowing linear engagement with the conical surface of the axial prism to be machined along the longitudinal side of the tool. This tool is also suitable for machining concave and convex axial prisms, but has a lower level of removal performance compared to the tool according to the first variant described above.

[0038] Finally, regarding the processing area of ​​the corresponding tool, it should be mentioned that the tool is provided with a suitable commercially available polishing media carrier, such as a polishing felt or polishing film, bonded to the tool. This polishing media carrier itself is not specifically mentioned or shown below.

[0039] Further features, characteristics, and advantages of the method according to the invention, the apparatus according to the invention, and the finishing machine equipped with the invention and its uses will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description of preferred embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0040] The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, wherein the same or corresponding parts or sections in the drawings are referred to by the same reference numerals, wherein: Figure 1 A perspective view, tilted from the upper left and front, is shown of a finishing machine for optical workpieces according to the present invention, in which the workspace of the finishing machine and the apparatus according to the present invention for finishing axial prisms are seen, the axial prisms being mounted on one end of a tool spindle. Figure 1 The center is located above and faces the workpiece spindle in the pivotable yoke of the finishing machine, the workpiece spindle is in Figure 1 The middle is located at the bottom; Figure 2 from Figure 1 The top shows Figure 1 The top view of the finishing machine shown in the image; Figure 3 It shows that according to Figure 1The perspective view of the individual sub-assemblies of the finishing machine, tilted from above and to the left front, namely the vertical support with the tool spindle and the yoke with the workpiece spindle, and the device arranged between them for finishing the shaft prism, their dimensions relative to... Figure 1 and 2 The proportion increases, wherein the device is driven into a linearly oscillating, essentially triangular tool setting is engaged with a rotary-driven concave-axis prism mounted on the workpiece spindle for machining. Figure 4 It shows that according to Figure 1 A perspective view of the individual sub-components of the finishing machine, tilted from above and to the left front, relative to... Figure 3 The proportions have increased again and are in accordance with Figure 3 The only difference in the view is that the vertical bracket with the tool spindle is omitted except for the clamping chuck of the vertical bracket, thus revealing the view of the device used for finishing the shaft prism. Figure 5 It shows that according to Figure 1 A perspective view of the apparatus for finishing axial prisms, tilted from below and to the left front, its dimensions relative to... Figure 4 The proportion increases again, and in addition to the tool spindle clamping chuck, the device is shown as being in accordance with... Figure 1 The finishing machines are separated; Figure 6 It shows Figure 5 A side view of the apparatus shown for finishing a prism; Figure 7 from Figure 6 The bottom view of the apparatus used for finishing the axial prism is shown below; Figure 8 from Figure 6 The left side of the image shows a rear view of the apparatus used for finishing the axial prism; Figure 9 It shows Figure 5 The apparatus shown for finishing the axial prism is similar to Figure 8 Compared to the enlarged sectional view, this device lacks a clamping chuck for the tool spindle; the attached figure corresponds to... Figure 8 The IX-IX line sectional view shows the method by which the tool can be mounted on the biasing device as follows: Figure 9 As shown in the lower part.

[0041] Figures 10 to 15 It shows Figure 5 The diagram shows a device for finishing an axon prism, similar to the one shown below. Figure 7 The bottom view shows some possibilities of how the axial position of the tool and the stroke, indicated by dashed lines, are affected along the oscillation direction. Figure 16 It shows the use of Figure 5 A perspective view of another generally strip-shaped tool of the apparatus for finishing the axial prism shown, tilted from above and to the right front. Figure 17 from Figure 16 The rear of the middle shows according to Figure 16 The rear view of the tool; Figure 18 from Figure 17 The right side of the text shows according to Figure 16 A side view of the tool; Figure 19 from Figure 17 The top of the text shows according to Figure 16 A floor plan of the tools; Figure 20 The invention is illustrated by means of Figure 5 A schematic plan view of a concave axis prism machined by a tool that is essentially triangular; Figure 21 It shows Figure 20 The accompanying diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the concave axis prism and triangular tool, which corresponds to... Figure 20 The cross-section line XXI-XXI in the middle; Figure 22 The invention is illustrated by means of Figures 16 to 19 A schematic plan view of a concave-axis prism machined using a generally strip-shaped tool; and Figure 23 It shows Figure 22 The accompanying diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the concave axis prism and the strip tool, which corresponds to... Figure 22 Section lines XXIII-XXIII in the middle.

[0042] It should also be noted that the illustration of the finishing machine equipped according to the invention is in a Cartesian coordinate system, wherein the letter x represents the width direction of the finishing machine, the letter y represents the length direction, and the letter z represents the length direction. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In order to show the basic components or sub-assemblies of the finishing machine and to simplify the illustration, control units and control devices, cladding sections, door mechanisms and panels, workpiece and tool deposits, devices for supplying current, compressed air and polishing media, polishing media return devices (including lines, hoses and pipes), and internal machine measurement, maintenance and safety devices are specifically omitted because they do not appear to be essential for understanding the invention and are familiar to experts in any case. Detailed Implementation

[0043] exist Figure 1 and Figure 2In the figure, the finishing process of the axial prism L, that is, the CNC-controlled finishing machine used to process the surface and edges of the optical workpiece by grinding, precision grinding and / or polishing, is generally indicated by reference numeral 12. As for the possible use or position of the device 10, it will be specifically referred to below. Figures 3 to 15 To provide a more detailed explanation, based on Figures 20 to 23 The axial prism has at least one concave (or optionally convex) conical surface KF, which has a conical axis KA and a conical angle α. The basic structure of such a finishing machine 12 is explained in detail in the applicant's German patent DE 100 29 967 B4; therefore, the finishing machine 12 will be described below only to the extent necessary for understanding the invention. For the remainder and to avoid repetition, regarding the construction and function of the finishing machine 12, reference may be made at this time to patent publication DE100 29 967 B4.

[0044] The finishing machine 12 typically includes a tool spindle 14 with a tool rotation axis C whose rotation angle is controlled, and a workpiece spindle with a workpiece rotation axis D whose rotation angle is adjusted. The tool spindle 14 and workpiece spindle 16 protrude into a workspace 18 defined by a machine tool 20 formed of polymer concrete. In this case, as will be described similarly in more detail below, the tool spindle 14 and workpiece spindle 16 (in particular) are movable relative to each other in an imaginary plane Y-Z spanned by the tool rotation axis C and the workpiece rotation axis D (linear axis Y, linear axis Z), and are pivotable relative to each other with rotation angle adjustment relative to a pivot axis (A-axis) extending perpendicular to the Y-Z plane. A device 10 for finishing the shaft prism L is mounted on the end of the tool spindle 14 facing the workpiece spindle 16.

[0045] For this purpose, the device 10 typically includes a base 22 or substrate adapted for flange mounting on the tool spindle 14 of the finishing machine 12. A guide arrangement 24 is mounted on the base 22, which guides a tool carrier 26 that can be driven to swing along the swing axis R during longitudinal movement. The tool carrier 26 itself carries a tool W1 or W2 for finishing the shaft prism L.

[0046] Figures 1 to 15 , Figure 20 and Figure 21 A tool W1 according to a first variant is shown, wherein the planar shape of the tool W1 is substantially an isosceles triangle. The tool W1 has a machining area BB, which has a front end EB at the apex of the triangle, and allows linear engagement LE with the conical surface KF to be machined by the axial prism L on each of the triangle's opposing longitudinal sides (see [reference]). Figure 20 ).

[0047] In comparison, Figures 16 to 19 , Figure 22 and Figure 23 A tool W2 according to a second variant is shown, wherein the tool W2 is substantially strip-shaped. The tool W2 has a machining area BB, which has a front end EB on the lateral side of the tool W2, and allows linear engagement LE along the longitudinal side of the tool W2 with the tapered surface KF to be machined by the axial prism L (see [reference]). Figure 23 ).

[0048] Besides the possibility of linear engagement LE between the corresponding machining area BB and the cone surface KF to be machined by the axial prism L, tools W1 and W2 share the characteristic that the corresponding machining area BB is equipped with a commercially available polishing media carrier (not shown in the figures). The polishing media carrier can be, for example, a so-called "polishing foil," or in other cases, a suitable foam with or without a carrier material, which protrudes laterally to a certain extent and is bonded to the machining area BB of tools W1 and W2 by means of a commercially available adhesive. The polishing foil available here is, for example, a polyurethane (PUR) with a thickness of 0.5 to 1.3 mm, which is available from James H. Rhodes & Company of Vernon, USA, while suitable foam is available from, for example, Getzner Werkstoffe GmbH of Oberhaching, Germany. For example, commercially available adhesives of the brand Pattex (registered trademark) of Henkel AG & Co. KGaA of Düsseldorf, Germany, are suitable for bonding these polishing media carriers to the machining area BB of the corresponding tools W1 and W2.

[0049] After a general overview of the finishing machine 12, the device 10 mounted thereon for finishing the axon prism L, and the tools W1 and W2 that move with it, return to... Figure 1 and Figure 2 Furthermore, it can be observed that the machine tool 20 of the finishing machine 12 has two parallel sidewalls 28, with a workspace 18 formed between these two sidewalls. A gantry 30 is mounted on the sidewalls 28, which is movable along the linear axis Y in the longitudinal direction y of the finishing machine 12 under position adjustment. A horizontal bracket 32 ​​is guided to be longitudinally displaced at the gantry 30 in the width direction x of the finishing machine 12 and can be moved along the linear axis X under position adjustment. A vertical bracket 34 is further guided to be longitudinally displaced at the horizontal bracket 32 ​​in the height direction z of the finishing machine 12, and the vertical bracket can be moved along the linear axis Z under position adjustment and carries the tool spindle 14.

[0050] Regarding the workpiece side, the yoke 36 supporting the workpiece spindle 16 is disposed in the workspace 18. The yoke 36 is mounted on the side wall 28 of the machine tool 20, is rotatable about the pivot axis A, and can be driven or maintained at the rotation angle via a torque motor and associated brake (not shown). In this case, counterweights 38 provided on both sides ensure weight compensation for the yoke 36.

[0051] Finally, each of the tool spindle 14 and the workpiece spindle 16 has a corresponding clamping chuck 40 or 42 at its mutually facing ends, the clamping chucks being configured, for example, to have a hydraulic expansion configuration. The cylindrical shank of the tool (not shown) can be held by the clamping chuck 40 of the tool spindle 14 in a manner known per se. The clamping chuck 42 of the workpiece spindle 16 is configured to clamp and hold an optical workpiece at the cylindrical edge surface RF of the axial prism L, which in this application is the axial prism L (see [reference]). Figures 20 to 23 ).

[0052] Regarding the kinematics of the finishing machine 12, it is obvious to experts that, on the tool side, the end of the tool spindle 14 protruding into the workspace 18 can move spatially and be positioned within the workspace 18 via three linear axes X, Y, and Z. Furthermore, the clamping chuck 40 can be driven by the tool spindle 14 to rotate about the tool rotation axis C. On the workpiece side, the end of the workpiece spindle 16 protruding into the workspace 18 can be adjusted or pivoted at an angle relative to the tool spindle 14 via the pivot axis A. Furthermore, the clamping chuck 42 can be driven by the workpiece spindle 16 to rotate about the workpiece rotation axis D and be positioned in an angular position.

[0053] From Figures 3 to 9 Further details of the device 10 used for the finishing of the axial prism L are deduced. As initially stated in... Figure 4 , 5 As can be clearly seen in Figure 9, the base 22 has a circular hole 44, through which the working space end of the tool spindle 14, with the clamping chuck 40, protrudes when the device 10 is mounted on the tool spindle 14. In that case, a flat flange surface is formed on the upper side of the base 22, which can be placed against the spindle housing of the tool spindle 14 from below. In the illustrated embodiment, two fixing screws 46 are provided to secure the base 22 to the tool spindle 14 (see Figure 9). Figure 4 With the device 10 installed, the fixing screw passes through the associated fastening hole in the base 22 and is screwed into the associated threaded hole (not shown) in the spindle housing of the tool spindle 14.

[0054] The guide arrangement 24 for the tool holder 26, mounted on the base 22, includes a guide frame 48, which is rectangular in plan view and is fixed to the base 22 by means of a fixing bracket 50. The fixing bracket is arranged at the corners of the guide frame 48 by means of screws, such that the guide frame 48 extends parallel to the base 22 and is spaced apart from the base 22 by a certain distance. Guide rails 52 for the tool holder 26 are mounted on the guide frame 48 by screws on opposite sides. Figure 5 and Figure 8 As is best understood, the guide rail 52, made of a sliding support material, has a corresponding substantially V-shaped groove 54 on each of its mutually facing sides, while the tool holder 26 has a corresponding wedge-shaped guide section 56 on each of its mutually distant sides, the wedge-shaped guide section 56 of the tool holder 26 being slidably received in the V-shaped groove 54 of the guide rail 52. Clearly, the tool holder 26 can therefore reciprocate within the guide frame 48 (swing axis R).

[0055] In the illustrated embodiment, a transmission mechanism 58 is provided for the oscillating drive of the tool carrier 26. This transmission mechanism is adapted to convert the rotational motion generated by the tool spindle 14 of the finishing machine 12 into a reciprocating linear motion of the tool carrier 26 along the oscillation axis R. For this purpose, the transmission mechanism 58 is configured in an eccentrically driven manner and includes a turntable 60, which is drivably connected to the tool spindle 14 of the finishing machine 12 and rotatable about a rotation axis, here the tool rotation axis C. Figure 9 As shown, the turntable 60 has a cylindrical clamping protrusion 62 or a clamping pin, which can be clamped to the clamping chuck 40 of the tool spindle 14.

[0056] A guide pin 64 is mounted on the turntable 60 to be radially offset relative to the axis of rotation C. This guide pin engages in a tool holder 26 and extends transversely to the direction of movement of the tool holder 26 into a slot 66, and thus extends to the oscillating axis R. (As from...) Figures 9 to 13 Clearly, the radial distance between the central axis of the guide pin 64 and the rotation axis C of the turntable 60 is r1.

[0057] Figure 10 and Figure 11 It also shows when turntable 60 is based on its Figure 10 The rotation angle is set to rotate 180° around the rotation axis C to achieve the desired effect. Figure 11 When the rotation angle is set, and especially due to the interlocking engagement of the guide pin 64 with the slot 66 of the tool holder 26, the tool holder 26, which is constrained and guided between the guide rails 52 of the guide arrangement 24, thus... Figure 10 As shown, the left hand axial position in the guide frame 48 moves to the right through stroke H1 into the tool holder 26. Figure 11 The diagram illustrates what occurs in this embodiment of the transmission mechanism 58 when in the right-hand axial position within the guide frame 48. In that case, the stroke H1 of the tool carrier 26 is twice the radial distance r1 between the guide pin 64 and the rotation axis C of the turntable 60.

[0058] If turntable 60 then rotates further around axis C, according to its... Figure 11 The rotation angle was set to over 180° so that it could reach its target again. Figure 10 The rotation angle is set such that the tool holder 26 engages mechanically with the slot 66 via the guide pin 64. Figure 11 The tool carrier 26 is returned to the left via a stroke H1 from the right axial position in the guide frame 48. Figure 10 The left axial position is shown in the guide frame 48. It is clear that in this way, the rotation of the turntable 60 about the rotation axis C in the guide frame 48 restricts the oscillating reciprocating motion of the tool carrier 26 along the swing axis R with a predetermined stroke H1.

[0059] like Figure 9 As best seen in the illustration, the turntable 60 in the shown embodiment is provided with a plurality of fixing holes 68, 70, and 72 for guide pins 64. Each of these fixing holes 68, 70, and 72 is formed as a threaded hole, into which the guide pin 64 can be screwed through a threaded protrusion 74. The central axes of the fixing holes 68, 70, and 72 have different radial distances r1, r2, and r3 from the rotation axis C, respectively, such that displacement of the guide pin 64 causes a staged settable stroke H1, H2, or H3 in the tool holder 26 within the guide frame 48.

[0060] In the illustrated embodiment, the tool holder 26 is additionally provided with another slot 76 extending parallel to the slot 66. The guide pin 64 can selectively engage with one or the other slot 66, 76, thereby allowing the axial relative position of the tool holder 26 with respect to the rotation axis C of the turntable 60 to be set in two stages.

[0061] Figure 12 and Figure 13 Through with Figure 10 and Figure 11 The comparison illustrates the following situation: the guide pin 64 does not shift at the turntable 60, i.e., it is again secured in the fixing hole 68 by its threaded protrusion 74, but on the other hand, it engages with another slot 76 in the tool holder 26 by its free end. In this case, the rotation of the turntable 60 about the axis of rotation C also produces an oscillating reciprocating motion of the tool holder 26 with a stroke H1 in the guide frame 48 (see...). Figure 13 However, this causes the axial end position of the tool holder 26 to differ from that according to Figure 10 and Figure 11 The axial end position of the slot joint. According to... Figure 10 and Figure 11 Compared to the basic configuration, the two axial end positions of the tool holder 26 result in a corresponding offset V3 or V4 of the front end EB of the tool W1, which is drivably connected to the tool holder 26. Figures 10 to 15 The middle part is represented by a dashed line.

[0062] Figure 14 and Figure 15 The combination of the above-described adjustment measures is shown, namely, changing the strokes H1, H2, H3 of the tool holder 26 by shifting the guide pin 64 in the fixing holes 68, 70, 72 of the turntable 60, and changing the axial starting and reversing positions of the tool holder 26 in the guide frame 48 by selecting different slots 66, 76 of the tool holder 26 for engagement with the guide pin 64. In this case, with Figure 10 and Figure 11 In contrast, guide pin 64 engages with another slot 76 of tool holder 26, but with Figure 12 and Figure 13 In contrast, it is also screwed into different fixing holes 70 in the turntable 60. Therefore, by means of... Figures 10 to 13 Compared to the previous setting, the result is a larger travel H2 and different axial starting and reversing positions of the tool carrier 26, such as from... Figure 10 , Figure 12 and Figure 14 and Figure 11 , Figure 13 and Figure 15 As can be clearly seen in the "vertical" comparison, Figure 11 , Figure 13 and Figure 15 The guide frame 48, aligned for this purpose, is shown. The result here is an offset of V5 or V6 at the front end EB of the tool W1 at either of the two axial end positions of the tool holder 26.

[0063] It is also worth mentioning that the guide frame 48 has a slot-shaped opening 78 on its short side, which is sized such that, when the tool holder reciprocates in the guide frame 48, the tool holder 26 can selectively enter one of the openings 78 according to its stroke H1, H2, H3 and / or its axial relative position with respect to the axis of rotation C of the turntable 60, but the opening is not shown in the figure.

[0064] For example from Figure 9It can be further inferred that the block-shaped connecting portion 80 of tool W1 or W2 on tool holder 26 is fixed to the side of tool holder 26 away from turntable 60. For this purpose, in the illustrated embodiment, three threaded mounting holes 82 are formed in tool holder 26, arranged one after another at equal intervals, as seen along the pivot axis R, while connecting portion 80 has two associated threaded blind holes 84. Flathead screws 86 are screwed into the two adjacent mounting holes 82 of tool holder 26 and extend into the blind holes 84 of connecting portion 80 to secure connecting portion 80 to tool holder 26.

[0065] Because three or optionally more fixing holes 82 are provided in the tool holder 26, the connecting portion 80 can be variably fixed to the tool holder 26 in its axial position along the swing axis R. This, in turn, affects the axial relative position of the tool W1 or W2 with respect to the rotation axis C of the turntable 60, as seen along the swing axis R. Figures 10 to 15 In the diagram, the flathead screw 86 is represented by a solid circle; the axial position of the connecting portion 80 relative to the tool holder 26 corresponds to... Figure 9 The groups shown.

[0066] exist Figure 9 It can also be appreciated that the connecting portion 80 is provided with another guide arrangement 88 for guiding the tools W1, W2 to move in a direction transverse to the swing axis R of the tool holder 26. In the illustrated embodiment, the other guide arrangement 88 includes two guide cylinders 90, which extend perpendicular to the swing axis R and parallel to each other. In this respect, each guide cylinder 90 includes a cylindrical bore 92 formed as a blind hole in the connecting portion 80 and a cylindrical pin 94 that is axially displaceable and received in the corresponding cylindrical bore 92 in a piston-like manner.

[0067] Each cylindrical pin 94 has an elongated hole 96 at its end facing the tool holder 26. Furthermore, threaded holes 98 are formed in the connecting portion 80 near the closed end of the cylinder bore 92. These threaded holes extend transversely to the cylindrical bore 92 and penetrate the elongated hole 96 in the associated cylindrical pin 94. A corresponding capped screw 100 is screwed into each of these threaded holes. Clearly, the combination of the elongated hole 96 and the capped screw 100 allows limited axial displacement of the corresponding cylindrical pin 94 within the associated cylindrical bore 92, but the capped screw 100 prevents the cylindrical pin 94 from being pulled out of the cylindrical bore 92.

[0068] Each cylindrical pin 94 has a blind hole 102 formed on its end face at its end furthest from the tool holder 26. The blind hole has an internal thread into which the retaining screw 104 for tool W1 or W2 is screwed as a countersunk screw. Each tool W1 or W2 has a plurality of screw holes 106 (four in the illustrated embodiment) arranged in a straight line at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction of the respective tool W1 or W2. Thus, tools W1, W2 can be mounted on another guide arrangement 88, more precisely on their cylindrical pins 94, with variable axial position along the pivot axis R, wherein the retaining screws 104 pass through adjacent screw holes 106 in the respective tools W1 or W2.

[0069] This further axial adjustment possibility of tools W1 or W2 is in Figure 9 The example is illustrated by a triangular tool W1. Starting with a basic configuration, in which the tool W1 is centrally mounted on a guide arrangement 88 by means of fixing screws 104 extending through a central screw hole 106 in the tool W1, the tool W1 can thus be further advanced (e.g., to a specific axial position of the tool holder 26 in the guide frame 88, as seen along the pivot axis R) Figure 9 (as shown in the middle) or further back (such as) Figure 9 (As shown) is fixed to guide arrangement 88. According to Figure 9 Compared to the basic configuration above, the offset V1 or V2 at the front end EB of tool W1 is thus generated.

[0070] Finally, the corresponding tools W1 and W2 are additionally loaded along the swing axis R, either laterally or perpendicularly to the tool holder 26, by a force that forces the tools W1 or W2 away from the connecting portion 80. In the illustrated embodiment, this force is applied by mutually repulsive magnets 108 arranged between the connecting portion 80 and the tools W1 or W2. During actual polishing, these magnets 108 ensure that the polishing pressure at the processing area BB of the corresponding tools W1 and W2 is not excessive.

[0071] More accurately, such as Figure 6 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figures 16 to 19 As shown, magnets 108 are arranged on the respective tools W1 or W2, on their side facing the tool holder 26, between and in a straight line with the screw holes 106. Magnets 108 are also arranged at the connecting portion 80 on the end of the connecting portion 80 facing the respective tool W1 or W2, between and in a straight line with the cylindrical holes 92, at the insert 110 in the connecting portion 80. In each case, the respective magnet 108 is received in an associated recess and properly secured, for example, by means of adhesive.

[0072] As is evident from the foregoing description, a method for finishing a shaft prism L can be performed with the aid of a device 10 equipped with one of tools W1 or W2 and using a cutting edge of a geometrically indeterminate liquid in the form of bound or loose particles in the machining area BB of tool W1 or W2, wherein material removal at the conical surface KF of the shaft prism L is generated by means of tool W1 or W2 through a relative cutting speed caused solely by: a) the rotational motion of the shaft prism L about the conical axis KA, which is generated here by the rotating workpiece axis D of the workpiece spindle 16, and b) the relative oscillating linear motion of tool W1 or W2, which is set in the linear engagement LE with the conical surface KF to be machined, which is generated here by the oscillating axis R of device 10, wherein, as seen in the plan view, the front end EB of the machining area BB moves back and forth in the radial direction relative to the conical axis KA.

[0073] exist Figure 20 and Figure 21 For triangle tools W1 and in Figure 22 and Figure 23 The diagram illustrates the tool engagement point for the combined motion of the tool and workpiece in the case of a strip tool W2. This tool engagement point is located at the axial prism L with a concave conical surface KF in both cases. In this respect, by using a thicker wire... Figure 20 and Figure 23 The linear engagement LE of the corresponding tool W1 (here, double, on both sides of tool W1) or W2 (here, single, on the underside of tool W2) is shown with the tapered surface KF of the shaft prism L to be finished. In the case of a shaft prism with a convex tapered surface, the strip tool W2 will be used with its lower contact line because the triangular tool W1 cannot contact the convex tapered surface, as... Figure 20 As shown.

[0074] When performing the above-described method for finishing the shaft prism L, a relative alignment and adjustment movement is first generated between the shaft prism L and the tool W1 or W2 according to the cone angle α. Therefore, the machining area BB of the tool W1 or W2 enters the linear engagement portion LE with the cone surface KF of the shaft prism L. In this case, the front end EB of the machining area BB faces the cone axis KA. It is obvious to the expert that the angular alignment movement of the finishing machine 12 is performed on the workpiece side via the pivot axis A at the yoke 36 carrying the workpiece spindle 16. It is equally obvious, on the other hand, that the spatial adjustment movement of the finishing machine 12 is performed on the tool side via the three linear axes X, Y, and Z associated with the tool spindle 14.

[0075] If the tool W1 or W2 and the conical surface KF to be finished by the shaft prism L are connected by the magnet 108 at the connecting portion 80 and the corresponding tool W1 or W2, then by means of the tool spindle 14, the turntable 60 clamped thereon and the transmission mechanism 58 of the device 10 as described above, a relative oscillating linear motion (oscillating axis R) as a forward motion is generated between the shaft prism L and the tool W1 or W2, which is driven by the workpiece rotation axis D of the workpiece spindle 16 to rotate around the conical axis KA, wherein the front end EB of the machining area BB moves multiple times on the conical surface KF in a radial direction relative to the conical axis KA during the rotation of the shaft prism L around the conical axis KA, as seen in the plan view, from the outer edge region RB of the conical surface KF, at least moving to approach the conical axis KA and then returning again.

[0076] During the finishing of the conical surface KF, the frequencies of the relative oscillating linear motion (oscillation axis R) of the tool W1 or W2 on the conical surface KF, subsequently controlled by the rotational speed of the axial prism L around the conical axis KA via the workpiece spindle 16 and the corresponding rotational speed of the tool spindle 14, can be matched so that the number of reciprocating motions of the tool W1 or W2 per revolution of the axial prism L is not even. This results in a continuous “trajectory change” of the oscillating tool W1 or W2 on the finishing conical surface KF of the rotating axial prism L. In tests performed by the inventors, very good finishing results were obtained using this frequency-to-rotational-speed ratio, wherein during the finishing of the conical surface KF, the number of reciprocating motions of the tool W1 or W2 per revolution of the axial prism L around the conical axis KA is greater than or equal to three and less than or equal to seven.

[0077] Figure 1 and Figure 2 The finishing machine 12 shown is known in itself, with the device 10, which is explained in detail above, mounted on its tool spindle 14. Therefore, the device can be used in the manner and pattern described above for finishing of the shaft prism L, which has at least one concave or convex conical surface KF with a conical axis KA and a conical angle α.

[0078] In a method for precision machining of an axial prism with a concave or convex conical surface having a conical axis and a conical angle, a cutting edge of a geometrically indeterminate liquid-bound material in the form of bound or loose particles is used at the machining area of ​​the tool. The tool is configured to linearly engage the conical surface and has an end relative to the conical axis at its front. Material removal at the conical surface is generated by a relative cutting speed caused solely by the rotational motion of the axial prism about the conical axis and the relative oscillating linear motion of the tool (oscillation axis), wherein the machining area linearly engages the conical surface and its front end reciprocates radially relative to the conical axis, as visible in a plan view. Furthermore, a device for use in this method and for mounting on a tool spindle of a finishing machine is disclosed.

[0079] List of reference numerals

[0080] 10. Apparatus (for the finishing of axial prisms)

[0081] 12 Precision machining machines

[0082] 14 Tool Spindle

[0083] 16 Workpiece spindle

[0084] 18 Workspace

[0085] 20 machine tools

[0086] 22 Base

[0087] 24. Guiding Arrangement

[0088] 26 Tool holder

[0089] 28 Sidewalls

[0090] 30 gantry

[0091] 32 Horizontal brackets

[0092] 34 Vertical brackets

[0093] 36 Yokes

[0094] 38 counterweights

[0095] 40 Clamping chuck

[0096] 42 Clamping chuck

[0097] 44 holes

[0098] 46 Fixing screws

[0099] 48. Bootstrapping Framework

[0100] 50 Fixed bracket

[0101] 52 guide rails

[0102] 54 V-shaped groove

[0103] 56. Wedge-shaped guide section

[0104] 58 Transmission Mechanism

[0105] 60 turntables

[0106] 62 Clamping protrusion

[0107] 64 Guide pins

[0108] 66 slots

[0109] 68 fixing holes

[0110] 70 Fixing Holes

[0111] 72 Fixing holes

[0112] 74 Threaded protrusion

[0113] 76 slots

[0114] 78 Opening

[0115] 80 Connection part

[0116] 82 Fixing holes

[0117] 84 Blind Holes

[0118] 86 Flathead Screws

[0119] 88. Guiding Arrangement

[0120] 90 Guide cylinder

[0121] 92 Cylindrical Hole

[0122] 94 Cylindrical pin

[0123] 96 elongated holes

[0124] 98 threaded hole

[0125] 100 Capped Screws

[0126] 102 Blind Hole

[0127] 104 Fixing Screw

[0128] 106 Screw Holes

[0129] 108 magnets

[0130] 110 Insert

[0131] r1 radial spacing

[0132] r2 radial spacing

[0133] r3 radial spacing

[0134] x Width direction

[0135] y-direction (length direction)

[0136] z represents the height direction.

[0137] α cone angle

[0138] A. The pivot axis of the workpiece (controlled by the rotation angle).

[0139] BB processing area

[0140] C Tool rotation axis (adjustable by speed) / Rotation axis

[0141] D. Workpiece pivot axis (controlled by rotation angle)

[0142] EB front end

[0143] H1 Itinerary

[0144] H2 Itinerary

[0145] H3 Itinerary

[0146] KA cone axis

[0147] KF cone surface

[0148] L-L lens / axial prism

[0149] LE linear joint

[0150] R swing axis

[0151] RB edge region

[0152] RF edge surface

[0153] V1 offset

[0154] V2 offset

[0155] V3 Offset

[0156] V4 Offset

[0157] V5 Offset

[0158] V6 Offset

[0159] W1 Triangle Tool

[0160] W2 Bar Tool

[0161] X-tool linear axis (position control)

[0162] Y-tool linear axis (position control)

[0163] Z-tool linear axis (position control)

Claims

1. A finishing method for an axonal prism (L). The axial prism (L) has at least one concave or convex conical surface (KF), which has a conical axis (KA) and a conical angle (α). The method utilizes a tool having a machining area (BB) for linear engagement (LE) with the conical surface (KF) to be machined, the machining area having a front end (EB) relative to the axis of the cone (KA). The tool utilizes a cutting edge with an indeterminate geometry, in the form of bound or loose particles, in conjunction with a liquid at the machining area (BB). in, Material removal is achieved at the conical surface (KF) of the axial prism (L) using the tool at a relative cutting speed caused solely by the rotational motion of the axial prism (L) about the conical axis (KA) and the relative oscillating linear motion of the tool along the oscillating axis (R). In this case, the tool is linearly engaged (LE) with the conical surface (KF) to be machined, wherein the front end (EB) of the machining area (BB) moves back and forth in a radial direction relative to the conical axis (KA).

2. The finishing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, First, relative alignment and adjustment movements are generated between the axial prism (L) and the tool according to the cone angle (α). Thus, the machining area (BB) of the tool forms the linear engagement (LE) with the cone surface (KF) of the axial prism (L), wherein the front end (EB) of the machining area (BB) faces the cone axis (KA). This generates a relative oscillating linear motion as a forward motion along the oscillation axis (R) between the axial prism (L) and the tool. The axial prism (L) is driven to rotate about the cone axis (KA). During the rotation of the axial prism (L) about the cone axis (KA), the front end (EB) of the machining area (BB) moves multiple times from the outer edge region (RB) of the cone surface (KF) relative to the cone axis (KA) to at least approach the cone axis (KA) and then returns again.

3. The finishing method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, During the finishing of the conical surface (KF), the rotational speed of the axial prism (L) around the conical axis (KA) and the frequency of the relative oscillating linear motion of the tool on the conical surface (KF) along the oscillating axis (R) are matched to each other, such that the number of reciprocating motions of the tool is odd for each revolution of the axial prism (L).

4. The finishing method according to claim 3, characterized in that, During the finishing of the conical surface (KF), the number of reciprocating motions of the tool is greater than or equal to three and less than or equal to seven for each revolution of the axial prism (L) around the conical axis (KA).

5. An apparatus (10) for finishing an axonal prism (L) having at least one concave or convex conical surface (KF) formed by a tool with a conical axis (KA) and a conical angle (α), the tool having a machining area (BB) for linear engagement with the conical surface (KF) to be machined, wherein, The device (10) has a base (22) adapted to be mounted by a flange on the tool spindle (14) of a finishing machine (12), and a guide arrangement (24) on the base for a longitudinally movable tool holder (26) capable of being driven to swing along a swing axis (R) and carrying a tool for finishing the shaft prism (L), wherein a transmission mechanism (58) is provided for the swing drive of the tool holder (26), the transmission mechanism being adapted to convert the rotational motion generated by the tool spindle (14) of the finishing machine (12) into a reciprocating linear motion of the tool holder (26) along the swing axis (R).

6. The apparatus (10) according to claim 5, characterized in that, The guide arrangement (24) includes a guide frame (48) on which guide rails (52) for the tool holder (26) are mounted on opposite sides.

7. The apparatus (10) according to claim 6, characterized in that, The guide rail (52), made of a sliding support material, has a corresponding V-shaped groove (54) on each of its mutually facing sides, wherein the tool holder (26) has a corresponding wedge-shaped guide section (56) on each of its mutually distant sides, and wherein the wedge-shaped guide section (56) of the tool holder (26) is received in the V-shaped groove (54) of the guide rail (52) to be able to slide.

8. The apparatus (10) according to claim 5, characterized in that, The transmission mechanism (58) includes a turntable (60) drivably connected to the tool spindle (14) of the finishing machine (12) and rotatable about a rotation axis (C), and a guide pin (64) mounted on the turntable to be radially offset relative to the rotation axis (C), the guide pin engaging in slots (66, 76) formed in the tool holder (26) extending transversely to the swing axis (R), such that the tool holder (26) can be driven to swing along the swing axis (R) by a predetermined stroke (H1, H2, H3).

9. The apparatus (10) according to claim 8, characterized in that, The turntable (60) is provided with a plurality of fixing holes (68, 70, 72) for the guide pin (64), the fixing holes having different radial distances (r1, r2, r3) from the axis of rotation (C), so that the predetermined stroke (H1, H2, H3) of the tool holder (26) can be set.

10. The apparatus (10) as claimed in claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, The tool holder (26) has at least two slots (66, 76) that extend parallel to each other for selectively engaging the guide pin (64), by means of which the axial relative position of the tool holder (26) with respect to the axis of rotation (C) can be set.

11. The apparatus (10) according to claim 5, characterized in that, A connecting portion (80) having another guide arrangement (88) is mounted on the tool holder (26) and is used to guide the tool to move in a direction transverse to the swing axis (R) of the tool holder (26), wherein the tool is loaded in a direction transverse to the swing axis (R) of the tool holder (26) by a force that causes the tool to leave the connecting portion (80).

12. The apparatus (10) according to claim 10, characterized in that, A connecting portion (80) having another guide arrangement (88) is mounted on the tool holder (26) and is used to guide the tool to move in a direction transverse to the swing axis (R) of the tool holder (26), wherein the tool is loaded in a direction transverse to the swing axis (R) of the tool holder (26) by a force that causes the tool to leave the connecting portion (80).

13. The apparatus (10) according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that, The force is provided by at least two mutually repulsive magnets (108) arranged between the connecting portion (80) and the tool.

14. The apparatus (10) according to claim 13, characterized in that, The other guide arrangement (88) includes at least one guide cylinder (90).

15. The apparatus (10) according to claim 14, characterized in that, The connecting portion (80) is fixed to the tool holder (26) so that its axial position is variable along the swing axis (R).

16. The apparatus (10) according to claim 15, characterized in that, The tool is mounted on the other guide arrangement (88) to make its axial position variable along the swing axis (R).

17. The apparatus (10) according to claim 5 or 16, characterized in that, The tool is in the form of an isosceles triangle with a processing area (BB) having a front end (EB) at the apex of the triangle and allowing corresponding linear engagement (LE) with the conical surface (KF) to be processed by the axial prism (L) on each of the opposing longitudinal sides of the triangle.

18. The apparatus (10) according to claim 5 or 16, characterized in that, The tool is strip-shaped and has a machining area (BB) with a front end (EB) on the lateral side of the tool and allows linear engagement (LE) with the conical surface (KF) to be machined of the axial prism (L) along the longitudinal side of the tool.

19. A finishing machine (12) comprising a tool spindle (14) having a tool rotation axis (C) and a workpiece spindle (16) having a workpiece rotation axis (D), the tool spindle and the workpiece spindle projecting into a workspace (18) defined by a machine tool (20), and being movable relative to each other at least in an imaginary plane (Y-Z) spanned by the tool rotation axis (C) and the workpiece rotation axis (D), and being pivotable relative to each other relative to a swing axis extending perpendicular to the imaginary plane (Y-Z), wherein, The device (10) according to any one of claims 5 to 18 is mounted on one end of the tool spindle (14) facing the workpiece spindle (16).

20. The finishing machine (12) according to claim 19, characterized in that, The machine tool (20) has two side walls (28), the workspace (18) is formed between the two side walls and the two side walls are fitted with a gantry (30) which is movable in the longitudinal direction, and the tool spindle (14) is guided at the gantry to move at least in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and wherein a yoke (36) is disposed in the workspace (18), the yoke carrying the workpiece spindle (16) and mounted on the side wall (28) to be rotatable about a pivot axis (A).

21. Use of a finishing machine (12) according to claim 19 or 20 for finishing an axonal prism (L) having at least one concave or convex conical surface (KF) having a conical axis (KA) and a conical angle (α).

Images