Tail nozzle hydrogen-cooled heat exchanger

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of aero-engines, in particular to a hydrogen-cooled heat exchanger of a tail nozzle. The hydrogen-cooled heat exchanger of the tail nozzle comprises an outer layer pipe having an outer layer pipe cavity suitable for hydrogen flow, one side of the outer layer pipe is provided with a liquid inlet, the liquid inlet is communicated with the outer layer pipe cavity; an inner layer pipe is arranged in the outer layer pipe, a cavity is formed between the inner layer pipe and the outer layer pipe, the inner layer pipe has an inner layer pipe cavity, one side of the inner layer pipe is connected with one side of the outer layer pipe through a sandwiched circular pipe, the outer layer pipe cavity is communicated with the inner layer pipe cavity through the sandwiched circular pipe, and one side of the inner layer pipe is provided with a gas outlet. The inner layer pipe is arranged in the outer layer pipe, a cavity is formed between the inner layer pipe and the outer layer pipe, the outer layer pipe cavity and the inner layer pipe cavity are connected through the sandwiched circular pipe, so that the engine exhaust gas can be discharged from the cavity and the inner layer pipe, the liquid hydrogen in the outer layer pipe cavity and the inner layer pipe cavity is converted into hydrogen gas by being heated during the discharging, and the temperature of the engine exhaust gas can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aero-engine technology, and more specifically to a tail nozzle hydrogen-cooled heat exchanger. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen energy is a promising clean and renewable energy source, and its advantages and potential in the application of hydrogen fuel in aviation and gas turbine power are becoming increasingly apparent. The structure of a hydrogen fuel-powered aircraft engine is basically the same as that of an existing aircraft engine. Hydrogen fuel is burned in the combustion chamber, which then drives a turbine to generate shaft work, and through a reduction gear, drives a propeller or fan to rotate and do work.

[0003] However, hydrogen fuel-powered aircraft turbine engines differ from traditional aircraft turbine engines in that hydrogen fuel is stored in the aircraft's tank in a cryogenic liquid state. Therefore, it is necessary to convert liquid hydrogen into hydrogen gas before it enters the engine combustion chamber. However, there is currently no heat exchanger suitable for vaporizing liquid hydrogen in aircraft engines. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defect in the prior art that liquid hydrogen needs to be converted into hydrogen gas before entering the engine combustion chamber for combustion, thereby providing a tailpipe hydrogen-cooled heat exchanger.

[0005] To address the above problems, the present invention provides a tailpipe hydrogen-cooled heat exchanger, comprising: The outer tube is a hollow tube with an outer tube cavity suitable for hydrogen flow. An inlet is provided on one side of the outer tube, and the inlet communicates with the outer tube cavity. The inner tube is also a hollow tube, with an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the outer tube. The inner tube is disposed inside the outer tube, and a cavity exists between the inner and outer tubes to facilitate the passage of engine exhaust. The inner tube has an inner tube chamber suitable for hydrogen flow. One side of the inner tube is connected to one side of the outer tube via a sandwiched circular tube. The outer tube chamber communicates with the inner tube chamber via the sandwiched circular tube. An exhaust port is provided on the side of the inner tube away from the sandwiched circular tube, and the exhaust port communicates with the inner tube chamber.

[0006] Furthermore, multiple capillaries are respectively provided in the outer tube chamber and the inner tube chamber, and liquid hydrogen and hydrogen gas are suitable for flowing in the capillaries.

[0007] Furthermore, the cavity is provided with multiple support columns, and the two ends of the support columns are respectively connected to the outer tube and the inner tube.

[0008] Furthermore, an outlet outer ring pipe is provided at one end of the outer tube that connects to the inner tube, and the outlet outer ring pipe is connected to the inner tube through the interlayer circular tube.

[0009] Furthermore, an inlet inner ring pipe is provided at one end of the inner tube that connects to the outer tube, and the inlet inner ring pipe is connected to the outlet outer ring pipe through the sandwiched circular tube.

[0010] Furthermore, the outer tube has an inlet outer ring tube at one end that is connected to the liquid inlet, and the liquid inlet is connected to the inlet outer ring tube.

[0011] Furthermore, the end of the inner tube that is connected to the air outlet has an outlet inner ring tube, and the air outlet is connected to the outlet inner ring tube.

[0012] Furthermore, the length of the inner tube is greater than the length of the outer tube.

[0013] Furthermore, the inner tube and the outer tube are a gradually expanding flow guiding structure, with the inner diameter gradually increasing from the air inlet to the air outlet.

[0014] Furthermore, an installation edge is provided on the outer side of the outer tube, and the outer tube is fixedly connected to the engine through the installation edge, so that the engine exhaust is suitable for being discharged through the cavity and the inner tube.

[0015] The present invention has the following advantages: 1. This invention discloses a hydrogen-cooled heat exchanger for a tailpipe, comprising: an outer tube, the outer tube being a hollow tube body having an outer tube chamber suitable for hydrogen flow, and a liquid inlet on one side of the outer tube communicating with the outer tube chamber; an inner tube, the inner tube also being a hollow tube body, the outer diameter of the inner tube being smaller than the inner diameter of the outer tube, the inner tube being disposed inside the outer tube, and a cavity being formed between the inner tube and the outer tube, the cavity being suitable for engine exhaust to pass through, the inner tube having an inner tube chamber suitable for hydrogen flow, one side of the inner tube being connected to one side of the outer tube via a sandwiched circular tube, the outer tube chamber communicating with the inner tube chamber via the sandwiched circular tube, and an outlet being provided on the side of the inner tube away from the sandwiched circular tube, the outlet communicating with the inner tube chamber.

[0016] This tailpipe hydrogen-cooled heat exchanger uses an inner tube placed inside an outer tube, creating a cavity between them. A sandwiched circular tube connects the outer and inner tube chambers, allowing engine exhaust to exit through the cavity and the inner tube. Simultaneously, the liquid hydrogen in both the outer and inner tube chambers is heated and converted into hydrogen gas, further reducing the temperature of the engine exhaust.

[0017] 2. The tail nozzle hydrogen-cooled heat exchanger of this structure has capillary tubes installed in the outer and inner tube chambers, allowing liquid hydrogen and hydrogen gas to flow in the capillary tubes. The capillary tubes are not only suitable for harsh working environments such as strong temperature gradients and high heat flux densities, but can also be used for gas-liquid two-phase working fluid heat exchange under large pressure difference conditions, further improving the heat exchange efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hydrogen-cooled heat exchanger in the tail nozzle of this invention. Figure 2 This is a side view of the hydrogen-cooled heat exchanger in the tail nozzle of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the hydrogen-cooled heat exchanger in the tail nozzle of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of section A; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the hydrogen-cooled heat exchanger in the tail nozzle of this invention. Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Outer tube; 2. Outer tube chamber; 3. Liquid inlet; 4. Inner tube; 5. Inner tube chamber; 6. Sandwiched circular tube; 7. Gas outlet; 8. Capillary tube; 9. Support column; 10. Outer ring tube; 11. Inlet inner ring tube; 12. Inlet outer ring tube; 13. Outlet inner ring tube; 14. Mounting edge. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0023] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0024] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this embodiment discloses a tailpipe hydrogen-cooled heat exchanger, including an outer tube 1 and an inner tube 4. The outer tube 1 is a hollow tube body with an outer tube chamber 2 suitable for hydrogen flow. An inlet 3 is provided on one side of the outer tube 1, and the inlet 3 communicates with the outer tube chamber 2. The inner tube 4 is also a hollow tube body, with an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the outer tube 1. The inner tube 4 is disposed inside the outer tube 1, and a cavity exists between the inner tube 4 and the outer tube 1. The cavity is suitable for engine exhaust to pass through. The inner tube 4 has an inner tube chamber 5 suitable for hydrogen flow. One side of the inner tube 4 is connected to one side of the outer tube 1 through a sandwiched circular tube 6. The outer tube chamber 2 communicates with the inner tube chamber 5 through the sandwiched circular tube 6. An outlet 7 is provided on the side of the inner tube 4 away from the sandwiched circular tube 6, and the outlet 7 communicates with the inner tube chamber 5.

[0025] Specifically, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5As shown, both the outer tube 1 and the inner tube 4 are hollow tubes. The liquid inlet 3 is located on the right side of the outer tube 1. The left side of the outer tube 1 is connected to the left side of the inner tube 4 through a sandwiched circular tube 6. The right side of the inner tube 4 has an outlet 7. Liquid hydrogen enters the outer tube chamber 2 through the liquid inlet 3 and gradually flows to the left side of the outer tube 1. While part of the engine exhaust is discharged through the cavity between the inner tube 4 and the outer tube 1, the liquid hydrogen in the outer tube chamber 2 can be heated to increase its temperature. The liquid hydrogen in the outer tube chamber 2 flows through the sandwiched circular tube 6 to the inner tube chamber 5 and gradually flows to the outlet 7. Most of the engine exhaust is discharged through the inner tube 4, which heats the liquid hydrogen in the inner tube chamber 5, further vaporizing it into hydrogen gas, which is then discharged from the outlet 7. The engine exhaust inside the cavity and the inner tube 4 can heat the liquid hydrogen, which can be fully vaporized into hydrogen gas after passing through the outer tube chamber 2 and the inner tube chamber 5.

[0026] Preferably, multiple sandwiched circular tubes 6 are arranged circumferentially along the left side of the outer tube 1. Multiple sandwiched circular tubes 6 can make the hydrogen flow distribution more uniform. In this embodiment, the specific number of sandwiched circular tubes 6 is not specifically limited.

[0027] Furthermore, multiple capillary tubes 8 are respectively provided in the outer tube chamber 2 and the inner tube chamber 5, and liquid hydrogen and hydrogen gas are suitable for flowing in the capillary tubes 8.

[0028] Specifically, capillary tubes 8 are installed in the outer chamber 2 and the inner chamber 5. Liquid hydrogen entering through the inlet 3 first enters the capillary tube 8 in the outer chamber 2 and flows along it to the sandwiched circular tube 6. It then flows into the capillary tube 8 in the inner chamber 5, where it vaporizes into hydrogen gas and is discharged from the outlet 7. The capillary tube 8 has flexible applications, suitable not only for harsh working environments with strong temperature gradients and high heat flux densities, but also for gas-liquid two-phase heat exchange under large pressure differential conditions. Furthermore, the capillary tube 8 possesses significant technical advantages such as high compactness and a high power-to-weight ratio.

[0029] Preferably, in this embodiment, 400 capillary tubes 8 are respectively arranged in the outer cavity 2 and the inner cavity 5, and the 400 capillary tubes 8 are evenly arranged circumferentially in the outer cavity 2 and the inner cavity 5. It should be noted that the number of capillary tubes 8 can be changed according to the diameter of the outer cavity 2 and the inner cavity 5, as well as the model and specifications of the engine, and the specific number of capillary tubes 8 is not limited here.

[0030] Furthermore, multiple support columns 9 are provided inside the cavity, with the two ends of the support columns 9 connected to the outer tube 1 and the inner tube 4, respectively.

[0031] Preferably, in this embodiment, 150 support columns 9 are provided inside the cavity, and the 150 support columns 9 are arranged alternately inside the cavity. In other optional embodiments, the cavity may be provided with other numbers of support columns, such as 149 or 151.

[0032] Furthermore, an outlet outer ring pipe 10 is provided at one end of the outer tube 1 that connects to the inner tube 4, and the outlet outer ring pipe 10 is connected to the inner tube 4 through the interlayer circular pipe 6.

[0033] Specifically, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the outer tube 1 has an outlet outer ring tube 10 on the left side, which is connected to the interlayer circular tube 6. The capillary tube 8 in the outer tube chamber 2 is connected to the outlet outer ring tube 10. The hydrogen flowing out of the capillary tube 8 in the outer tube chamber 2 first enters the outlet outer ring tube 10 and then flows into the interlayer circular tube 6, so that the hydrogen can flow evenly into the interlayer circular tube 6 through the outlet outer ring tube 10.

[0034] Furthermore, an inlet inner ring pipe 11 is provided at one end of the inner tube 4 that is connected to the outer tube 1. The inlet inner ring pipe 11 is connected to the outlet outer ring pipe 10 through the interlayer circular pipe 6.

[0035] Specifically, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the inner tube 4 has an inlet inner ring tube 11 on the left side. The inlet inner ring tube 11 is connected to the interlayer circular tube 6. Hydrogen flowing out of the interlayer circular tube 6 first enters the inlet inner ring tube 11. The inlet inner ring tube 11 is connected to the capillary tube 8 in the inner tube chamber 5. Then, hydrogen flows from the inlet inner ring tube 11 to the capillary tube 8 in the inner tube chamber 5, so that hydrogen can flow evenly into the capillary tube 8 in the inner tube chamber 5 through the inlet inner ring tube 11.

[0036] Furthermore, the outer tube 1 has an inlet outer ring tube 12 at one end connected to the liquid inlet 3, and the liquid inlet 3 is connected to the inlet outer ring tube 12.

[0037] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the right end of the outer tube 1 has an inlet outer ring tube 12. The inlet outer ring tube 12 is connected to the capillary tube 8 and the liquid inlet 3 in the outer tube chamber 2, respectively. Liquid hydrogen entering from the liquid inlet 3 first enters the inlet outer ring tube 12, and then flows from the inlet outer ring tube 12 into the capillary tube 8 in the outer tube chamber 2. Thus, liquid hydrogen can flow evenly into the capillary tube 8 in the outer tube chamber 2 through the inlet outer ring tube 12.

[0038] Furthermore, the end of the inner tube 4 that is connected to the outlet 7 has an outlet inner ring tube 13, and the outlet 7 is connected to the outlet inner ring tube 13.

[0039] Specifically, such as Figure 3As shown, the right end of the inner tube 4 has an outlet inner ring tube 13. The outlet inner ring tube 13 is connected to the capillary tube 8 and the gas outlet 7 in the inner tube chamber 5, respectively. The hydrogen gas in the capillary tube 8 in the inner tube chamber 5 first enters the outlet inner ring tube 13 and then exits from the gas outlet 7.

[0040] Furthermore, the inner tube 4 is longer than the outer tube 1.

[0041] Furthermore, the inner tube 4 and the outer tube 1 are progressively expanding flow guiding structures, with their inner diameter gradually increasing from their inlet to their outlet.

[0042] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the left side of the inner tube 4 and the outer tube 1 is the air inlet, and the right side is the air outlet. The inner diameter of the inner tube 4 and the outer tube 1 gradually increases from the left side to the right side.

[0043] Furthermore, an installation edge 14 is provided on the outer side of the outer tube 1, and the outer tube 1 is fixedly connected to the engine through the installation edge 14. The engine exhaust is suitable for being discharged through the cavity and the inner tube 4.

[0044] Specifically, the inlet 3 is connected to the aircraft fuel tank, and the liquid hydrogen stored in the aircraft fuel tank enters the outer tube 1 through the inlet 3. The outlet 7 is connected to the engine combustion chamber, and the hydrogen gas is discharged from the outlet 7 and then enters the engine combustion chamber for combustion.

[0045] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A tailpipe hydrogen-cooled heat exchanger, characterized in that, include: The outer tube (1) is a hollow tube body. The outer tube (1) has an outer tube chamber (2) suitable for hydrogen flow. An inlet (3) is provided on one side of the outer tube (1). The inlet (3) is connected to the outer tube chamber (2). The inner tube (4) is also a hollow tube. The outer diameter of the inner tube (4) is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer tube (1). The inner tube (4) is disposed inside the outer tube (1). There is a cavity between the inner tube (4) and the outer tube (1). The cavity is suitable for engine exhaust to pass through. The inner tube (4) has an inner tube chamber (5) suitable for hydrogen flow. One side of the inner tube (4) is connected to one side of the outer tube (1) through a sandwiched round tube (6). The outer tube chamber (2) is connected to the inner tube chamber (5) through the sandwiched round tube (6). An outlet (7) is provided on the side of the inner tube (4) away from the sandwiched round tube (6). The outlet (7) is connected to the inner tube chamber (5). Multiple sandwiched round tubes (6) are arranged circumferentially along the left side of the outer tube (1). Multiple capillary tubes (8) are respectively provided in the outer tube chamber (2) and the inner tube chamber (5), and liquid hydrogen and hydrogen gas are suitable for flowing in the capillary tubes (8).

2. The tail nozzle hydrogen-cooled heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cavity is provided with a plurality of support columns (9), and the two ends of the support columns (9) are respectively connected to the outer tube (1) and the inner tube (4).

3. The tail nozzle hydrogen-cooled heat exchanger according to claim 2, characterized in that: An outlet outer ring pipe (10) is provided at one end of the outer tube (1) that is connected to the inner tube (4). The outlet outer ring pipe (10) is connected to the inner tube (4) through the interlayer circular tube (6).

4. The tail nozzle hydrogen-cooled heat exchanger according to claim 3, characterized in that: An inlet inner ring pipe (11) is provided at one end of the inner tube (4) that is connected to the outer tube (1). The inlet inner ring pipe (11) is connected to the outlet outer ring pipe (10) through the interlayer circular pipe (6).

5. The tail nozzle hydrogen-cooled heat exchanger according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer tube (1) has an inlet outer ring tube (12) at one end connected to the liquid inlet (3), and the liquid inlet (3) is connected to the inlet outer ring tube (12).

6. The tail nozzle hydrogen-cooled heat exchanger according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner tube (4) has an outlet inner ring tube (13) at one end that is connected to the air outlet (7), and the air outlet (7) is connected to the outlet inner ring tube (13).

7. The tail nozzle hydrogen-cooled heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the inner tube (4) is greater than the length of the outer tube (1).

8. The tail nozzle hydrogen-cooled heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The inner tube (4) and the outer tube (1) are gradually expanding flow guiding structures, with their inner diameter gradually increasing from their inlet to their outlet.

9. The tail nozzle hydrogen-cooled heat exchanger according to claim 8, characterized in that: An mounting edge (14) is provided on the outer side of the outer tube (1). The outer tube (1) is fixedly connected to the engine through the mounting edge (14). The engine exhaust is adapted to be discharged through the cavity and the inner tube (4).

Images