Method and apparatus for identifying a knob parameter of a circuit breaker

Abstract

A method for identifying a knob parameter of a circuit breaker, the circuit breaker being configured with a knob for setting the knob parameter, the method comprising: capturing, from the circuit breaker, a to-be-identified image containing an identification code of the circuit breaker and a knob pattern of the knob; identifying the identification code to obtain a product identity of the circuit breaker; obtaining product information of the circuit breaker based on the product identity, the product information containing a unit range of the knob; extracting the knob pattern from the to-be-identified image; determining a knob angle of the knob pattern; and determining the knob parameter based on the knob angle and the unit range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for identifying knob parameters of a circuit breaker. Background Technology

[0002] For embedded products such as thermal-magnetic circuit breakers, electronic circuit breakers, or solid-state circuit breakers, the operating parameters are often set via knobs on the circuit breaker. With the advancement of Industry 4.0, many embedded products face the need for digital transformation. However, it's impractical to replace all non-digitalized old equipment with new digital equipment in a short period simply for the sake of digital transformation, as this is not cost-effective. Therefore, in the digital transformation phase, most application scenarios utilize digital systems to uniformly manage both non-digitalized old equipment and new digital equipment. This requires importing the operating parameters of these non-digitalized old devices into the digital system. In most cases, this often requires importing the operating parameters of dozens, hundreds, or even thousands of old devices at once. Currently, this import operation is mainly done manually, which is inefficient and has a high error rate. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above, the present invention provides a method and apparatus for identifying the knob parameters of a circuit breaker. The method and apparatus can automatically identify the knob parameters of the circuit breaker, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of identifying the knob parameters.

[0004] One aspect of the present invention provides a method for identifying knob parameters of a circuit breaker, the circuit breaker being configured with a knob for setting knob parameters. The method includes: capturing an image to be identified from the circuit breaker, comprising an identification code of the circuit breaker and a knob graphic; identifying the identification code to obtain the product identity of the circuit breaker; obtaining product information of the circuit breaker based on the product identity, the product information including the unit range of the knob; extracting the knob graphic from the image to be identified; determining the knob angle of the knob graphic; and determining the knob parameters based on the knob angle and the unit range.

[0005] Optionally, extracting the knob graphic from the image to be identified includes: transforming the image to be identified into a target image using a perspective transformation algorithm, in which distortions in the image to be identified are removed; and extracting the knob graphic from the target image.

[0006] Optionally, the target image is rectangular, and the product information also indicates the size information of the target image. Furthermore, transforming the image to be recognized into the target image through a perspective transformation algorithm includes: extracting four edge lines of the image to be recognized through a contour extraction algorithm; fitting the four edge lines to obtain the coordinates of the four vertices of the image to be recognized; and using the coordinates of the four vertices and the size information of the target image as input to the perspective transformation function to output the target image.

[0007] Optionally, the product information may also include the number of knobs, the position of the knobs on the circuit breaker, and the size information of the knobs; and extracting the knob graphic from the target image includes extracting the knob graphic from the target image based on the number of knobs, the position of the knobs on the circuit breaker, and the size information of the knobs.

[0008] Optionally, the product information also includes the number of knobs and the size information of the knobs, and extracting the knob graphic from the target image includes: determining the position of the knob graphic in the target image through a template matching algorithm; and extracting the knob graphic from the target image based on the number of knobs, the size information of the knobs, and the position of the knob graphic in the target image.

[0009] Optionally, the knob graphic includes an arrow indicating the knob parameters, and determining the knob angle of the knob graphic includes: determining two angles, one at the first end and one at the second end of the straight line where the arrow is located; determining whether the arrow is pointing towards the first end or the second end of the straight line; and determining the angle corresponding to the determined direction among the two angles as the knob angle.

[0010] Optionally, determining the two angles at the first and second ends of the straight line containing the arrow includes: converting the knob graphic to grayscale; taking a line segment symmetrical to the center of the knob graphic and with a length equal to the diameter of the knob graphic as a first reference line segment; rotating the first reference line segment within a range of 0 to 180 degrees; storing the sum of grayscale values ​​of all pixels on the grayscale knob graphic corresponding to the first reference line segment whenever the first reference line segment rotates by a unit angle; determining the first reference line segment corresponding to the minimum sum of grayscale values ​​as the straight line containing the arrow; and determining the two angles at both ends of the first reference line segment corresponding to the minimum sum of grayscale values ​​as the two angles at the first and second ends of the straight line containing the arrow.

[0011] Optionally, determining whether the arrow's orientation is at the first or second end of the straight line includes: binarizing the grayscale knob graphic; taking a line segment with the straight line containing the arrow as its axis of symmetry and a length greater than the width radius of the arrow's tail as a second reference line segment; sliding the second reference line segment along the straight line containing the arrow; storing the number of black pixels among all pixels corresponding to the second reference line segment on the binarized knob graphic whenever the second reference line segment slides by one pixel; and determining that the arrow's orientation is at the first end when the second reference line segment corresponding to the maximum number of black pixels is closer to the first end of the straight line containing the arrow, and determining that the arrow's orientation is at the second end when the second reference line segment corresponding to the maximum number of black pixels is closer to the second end of the straight line containing the arrow.

[0012] Optionally, obtaining product information of the circuit breaker based on product identity includes: sending the product identity to a server that pre-stores product information, and receiving product information from the server if the product identity is valid, wherein the server determines whether the product identity is valid based on whether the product identity is retrieved.

[0013] Optionally, the method further includes: storing all or part of the information contained in the knob parameters and product information; and displaying all or part of the information contained in the knob parameters and product information through a human-machine interface.

[0014] Another aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus for identifying knob parameters of a circuit breaker, the circuit breaker being equipped with a knob for setting the knob parameters. The apparatus includes: an image capture module configured to capture an image to be identified from the circuit breaker, comprising an identification code of the circuit breaker and a knob graphic; and a processing module configured to: identify the identification code of the circuit breaker to obtain the product identity of the circuit breaker; obtain product information based on the product identity, the product information including the unit range of the knob; extract the knob graphic from the image to be identified; determine the knob angle of the knob graphic; and determine the knob parameters based on the knob angle and the unit range.

[0015] Optionally, the processing module is further configured to extract the knob graphic from the image to be identified by performing the following operations: transforming the image to be identified into a target image using a perspective transformation algorithm, in which distortions in the image to be identified are removed; and extracting the knob graphic from the target image.

[0016] Optionally, the target image is rectangular, and the product information also indicates the size information of the target image. Furthermore, the processing module transforms the image to be recognized into the target image through a perspective transformation algorithm, including: extracting the four straight line edges of the image to be recognized through a contour extraction algorithm; fitting the four straight line edges to obtain the coordinates of the four vertices of the image to be recognized; and using the coordinates of the four vertices and the size information of the target image as input to the perspective transformation function to output the target image.

[0017] Optionally, the product information also includes the number of knobs, the position of the knobs on the circuit breaker, and the size information of the knobs; and the processing module is further configured to extract knob graphics from the target image based on the number of knobs, the position of the knobs on the circuit breaker, and the size information of the knobs.

[0018] Optionally, the product information also includes the number of knobs and the size information of the knobs, and the processing module extracts the knob graphic from the target image by: determining the position of the knob graphic in the target image through a template matching algorithm; and extracting the knob graphic from the target image based on the number of knobs, the size information of the knobs, and the position of the knob graphic in the target image.

[0019] Optionally, the knob graphic includes an arrow indicating knob parameters, and the processing module is further configured to determine the knob angle of the knob graphic by performing the following operations: determining two angles, one at the first end and one at the second end of the line where the arrow is located; determining whether the arrow is pointing towards the first end or the second end of the line; and determining the angle of the two angles corresponding to the determined direction as the knob angle.

[0020] Optionally, the processing module is further configured to determine the two angles of the first end and the second segment of the straight line where the arrow is located by performing the following operations: grayscale the knob graphic; taking a line segment with the center of the knob graphic as the symmetrical point and a length equal to the diameter of the knob graphic as the first reference line segment; rotating the first reference line segment within the range of 0 to 180 degrees; storing the sum of grayscale values ​​of all pixels on the grayscale knob graphic corresponding to the first reference line segment whenever the first reference line segment rotates by a unit angle; determining the first reference line segment corresponding to the minimum sum of grayscale values ​​as the straight line where the arrow is located; and determining the two angles at both ends of the first reference line segment corresponding to the minimum sum of grayscale values ​​as the two angles of the first end and the second end of the straight line.

[0021] Optionally, the processing module is further configured to determine whether the arrow's orientation is at the first or second end of the straight line by performing the following operations: binarizing the grayscale knob graphic; taking a line segment with the straight line containing the arrow as its axis of symmetry and a length greater than the width of the arrow's tail as a second reference line segment; sliding the second reference line segment along the straight line containing the arrow; storing the number of black pixels among all pixels corresponding to the second reference line segment on the binarized knob graphic whenever the second reference line segment slides by one pixel; and determining that the arrow's orientation is at the first end when the second reference line segment corresponding to the maximum number of black pixels is closer to the first end of the straight line containing the arrow, and determining that the arrow's orientation is at the second end when the second reference line segment corresponding to the maximum number of black pixels is closer to the second end of the straight line containing the arrow.

[0022] Optionally, the device also includes a communication module configured to: send the product identity to a server that pre-stores product information, and receive product information from the server if the product identity is valid, wherein the server determines whether the product identity is valid based on whether the product identity is retrieved.

[0023] Optionally, the device may also include: a storage module pre-stored with product information and configured to store knob parameters; and a human-machine interface module configured to display all or part of the knob parameters and product information.

[0024] Therefore, the method and apparatus for identifying the knob parameters of a circuit breaker provided by various aspects of this disclosure can automatically identify the knob parameters of a circuit breaker using product information already stored in a server when the circuit breaker leaves the factory and image recognition algorithms such as perspective transformation algorithms, contour extraction algorithms, and template matching algorithms, without the need for manual observation and data entry, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of identifying the knob parameters of a circuit breaker. Attached Figure Description

[0025] These and / or other aspects, features, and advantages of this disclosure will become clearer and more readily understood from the following description of the disclosure in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a usage scenario of a method and apparatus for identifying knob parameters of a circuit breaker according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a method 200 for identifying knob parameters of a circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an image to be identified captured from a circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the target image transformed from the image to be identified according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the determination of two angles at the first and second ends of the straight line containing the arrow in the knob graphic according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, whether the direction of the arrow in the knob graphic is the first or second end of the straight line containing the arrow.

[0032] Figure 7 A device for identifying knob parameters of a circuit breaker according to embodiments of the present disclosure; and

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a device for identifying the knob parameters of a circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, which displays the knob parameters of the circuit breaker. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein, which may be implemented in many different forms. The described embodiments are provided only to make the present disclosure thorough and complete, and to fully convey the concept of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. Features of the various embodiments described may be combined with or substituted for each other, unless expressly excluded or should be excluded based on the context.

[0035] Circuit breakers are important devices widely used in electrical systems. Non-digitalized circuit breakers generally have knobs for setting various operating parameters. In this article, the operating parameters set via knobs are referred to as knob parameters. For example, the trip unit control unit of a circuit breaker may have one or more knobs for setting parameters such as the overload setting current Ir, the instantaneous trip setting current Im, the overload long-delay trip time Tr, the short-circuit instantaneous trip setting current Ii, the short-circuit short-delay trip setting current Isd, and / or the short-circuit short-delay trip time setting value Tsd.

[0036] When designing specific electrical systems (e.g., building electrical systems), electrical designers typically specify the set values ​​for circuit breaker knob parameters. Installers are required to rotate the knobs on the circuit breaker to the positions indicating these settings. However, in practice, due to operator errors or carelessness, the knob parameters may be set incorrectly, potentially causing the circuit breaker to malfunction and related circuits to fail to receive timely protection. Furthermore, due to special circumstances requiring modifications, the knob parameters may need to be set to values ​​different from those initially specified by the electrical designer. In these cases, it is necessary to identify and input the actual set values ​​of the circuit breaker knob parameters into a digital system for unified management of the electrical system. Currently, however, this identification process relies primarily on installers and maintenance personnel visually observing and manually inputting the data. When the number of knob parameters to be identified and input is large, this method is inefficient and has a high error rate, hindering the normal operation and maintenance of the electrical system. Therefore, this invention provides a method and apparatus for automatically identifying the knob parameters of circuit breakers.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a usage scenario of a method and apparatus for identifying knob parameters of a circuit breaker according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0038] refer to Figure 1 The circuit breaker CB can be a variety of non-digitalized circuit breakers, such as thermal-magnetic circuit breakers, electronic circuit breakers, or solid-state circuit breakers. The circuit breaker CB can be equipped with one or more knobs for setting rotary parameters. For example, in... Figure 1In the example, the trip control unit of the circuit breaker CB is equipped with two knobs, RS1 and RS2. Knob RS1 is used to set the overload setting current Ir of the trip unit, and knob RS2 is used to set the instantaneous setting current Im of the trip unit. Rotating knobs RS1 and RS2 with a screwdriver changes the knob parameters Ir and Im. Knobs RS1 and RS2 are circular in shape. The circuit breaker CB also has an identification code CO, which can be in the form of a QR code, barcode, etc., containing the product identity of the circuit breaker (also known as the product ID).

[0039] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a device 700 for identifying knob parameters of a circuit breaker (hereinafter referred to as such) is provided. Figure 7 (To be described in detail) is a smart device capable of identifying the knob parameters of knobs RS1 and RS2 on circuit breaker CB according to the method 200 described below, including but not limited to smartphones, smartwatches, etc.

[0040] The device 700 can pre-store a product information database containing product information for circuit breakers (CBs). When searching using the product identity of the circuit breaker (CB) as a keyword, the product information can be obtained. Product information can include information set by the manufacturer before the product leaves the factory, or information supplemented by the user during product use. For example, the manufacturer can include product identity, short product name, protection pole description, performance level, control type, trip unit name, nameplate dimensions on the trip unit control unit, number of knobs, knob positions, and knob dimensions in the product information. The identification code (CO) on the circuit breaker (CB) can be generated based on its product identity.

[0041] Alternatively or supplementarily, the product information database containing the product information of the circuit breaker CB may also be pre-stored on a server S such as a local server, a remote server, or a cloud server, so that the device 700 may also obtain this product information from the server S via a wired or wireless network connection to the server S.

[0042] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a method 200 for identifying knob parameters of a circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0043] refer to Figure 2 The method 200 for identifying knob parameters of a circuit breaker according to embodiments of the present disclosure includes steps S210 to S260. Method 200 can be derived from... Figure 1 or Figure 7 The device shown is 700 to perform this operation.

[0044] In step S210, an image to be identified, containing the circuit breaker's identification code and a knob graphic, is obtained from the circuit breaker. In step S220, the identification code is identified to obtain the circuit breaker's product identity. In step S230, product information of the circuit breaker CB is obtained based on the product identity, including the knob's unit range.

[0045] The following is combined Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 Let's explain steps S210 to S230.

[0046] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an image 300 to be identified captured from a circuit breaker CB according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0047] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In step S210, from Figure 1 The circuit breaker CB shown captures an image 300 to be identified (e.g., captured by image capture module 710 of device 700), which includes two knob graphics 301 and 302 and an identification code 303. For example, an image of the nameplate on the trip control unit of the circuit breaker CB, which contains the circuit breaker's QR code and knob graphics, can be captured.

[0048] In step S220, the identification code 303 is identified (e.g., by the processing module 720 of the device 700) to obtain the product identity of the circuit breaker CB. The product identity is a unique identifier assigned by the manufacturer of the circuit breaker CB to distinguish it from other products; for example, the product identity could be a product serial number.

[0049] In step S230, device 700 can use the product identity as a keyword to retrieve the product information of circuit breaker CB from a product information database (e.g., pre-stored in storage module 740 of device 700) that contains product information of circuit breaker CB. Alternatively or supplementarily, device 700 may also send the product identity to, for example... Figure 1In the server S shown (e.g., via communication module 730 of device 700), the server S uses the product identity as a keyword to search in a pre-stored product information database containing product information of circuit breaker CB, finds the product information corresponding to the product identity, and sends the found product information back to device 700. This product information includes the unit range of knobs RS1 and RS2. For example, the unit range of RS1 is 1A / degree, meaning that its range is 1A per degree of rotation. Another example is that the unit range of RS2 is 10A / degree, meaning that its range is 10A per degree of rotation. Furthermore, in step S230, if the server S does not find the product identity in its stored product information database, the server S determines that the product identity is invalid and sends a prompt message indicating that the product identity is invalid to device 700.

[0050] Back Figure 2 In step S240, knob patterns 301 and 302 are extracted from the image to be recognized 300. Extracting knob patterns 301 and 302 from the image to be recognized 300 can be done using any suitable image processing and recognition method.

[0051] The following is combined Figure 3 and Figure 4 Here is an example method for implementing step S240.

[0052] refer to Figure 3 When capturing the image 300 to be recognized, distortion often occurs in the image 300 because the device used for capture (e.g., device 700) is not parallel to the plane where the knob is located. If the knob patterns 301 and 302 are extracted directly from the distorted image 300, the extracted knob patterns 301 and 302 may have significant distortion, making it impossible to accurately determine the knob angles of the knob patterns 301 and 302 subsequently. Therefore, before extracting the knob patterns 301 and 302, it is necessary to transform the image 300 to be recognized into a target image in which the distortion has been removed.

[0053] Therefore, step S240 may include two sub-steps. In the first sub-step, the image to be identified 300 is transformed into a target image in which distortions have been removed. In the second sub-step, the knob graphics 301 and 302 are extracted from the target image.

[0054] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the target image 400 transformed from the image to be identified 300 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0055] In the first sub-step of step S240, the image to be identified 300 can be transformed into a target image 400 by a perspective transformation algorithm. In the target image 400, the distortion in the image to be identified 300 is removed.

[0056] As an example, a perspective transformation algorithm is used to transform the image to be recognized, 300, into a target image, 400. The perspective transformation algorithm can be implemented, for example, by calling the OpenCV functions `getPerspectiveTransform()` and `WarpPerspective()`. `getPerspectiveTransform()` calculates the perspective transformation matrix, and `WarpPerspective()` applies the perspective transformation matrix to the source image to output the target image. According to the principle of the perspective transformation algorithm, when the target image is rectangular (the nameplate on the trip unit control unit of most circuit breakers is rectangular), the coordinates of the four vertices representing the top left, bottom left, top right, and bottom right of the source image, as well as the size information of the target image, are used as inputs to the `getPerspectiveTransform()` function to output the target image.

[0057] For example, if the image to be identified, 300, captures an image of a nameplate on a circuit breaker trip unit control unit, and this nameplate image is rectangular, then the desired target image, 400, is a rectangle whose size is proportional to the actual size of the nameplate. The size of the target image 400 can be indicated by the actual size of the nameplate contained in the product information. For example, if the pre-stored nameplate length value in the product information is L = 100 and the width value is W = 20, then the length value L' and width value of the target image 400 can be determined as L' = 50 and the width value W' = 10, meaning the size of the target image 400 is in a 1 / 2 ratio to the actual size of the nameplate. This ratio can be arbitrary; for example, the size of the target image can also be determined to be the same as the actual size, in which case the ratio is 1. Then, the four edge lines of the image to be identified, 300, can be extracted using a contour extraction algorithm, and the coordinates of the four vertices of the image to be identified, namely the upper left, lower left, upper right, and lower right, can be obtained by fitting these four edge lines and finding their intersection points. Several mature techniques are available for this contour extraction algorithm. For example, the image to be recognized (300) is first Gaussian blurred to smooth it and make the edges more distinct. Then, an edge extraction algorithm is used to process the image, leaving only the edges. Finally, four edge lines are extracted using Hough transform. These four edge lines are then fitted using, for example, least squares, and the coordinates of their four intersection points are used as the coordinates of the top-left, bottom-left, top-right, and bottom-right vertices of the image to be recognized (300). The coordinates of the four vertices and the length L' and width W' of the target image (400) are then used as input to the function getPerspectiveTransform() to calculate the perspective transformation matrix. Finally, the image to be recognized (300) and the perspective transformation matrix are used as input to the function WarpPerspective() to output the target image (400).

[0058] It should be understood that, apart from perspective transformation algorithms, other methods can achieve the removal of features such as... Figure 3 Other algorithms for removing distortions in the image 300 to be identified, as shown, can also be used.

[0059] In the second sub-step of step S240, knob graphics 301 and 302 are extracted from the target image 400. Knob graphics 301 and 302 can be extracted from the target image 400 using the following two methods.

[0060] For the first approach, since the manufacturer has already stored information such as the number of knobs, the position of each knob on the circuit breaker CB, and the size of each knob in the product information database of the server S when the circuit breaker CB leaves the factory, the number of knobs, the position of each knob on the circuit breaker CB, and the size of each knob can be obtained from the product information obtained in step S230. Then, based on this information, the knob graphics 301 and 302 are extracted from the target image 400.

[0061] For example, still taking the image to be identified 300 as an image of the nameplate on the circuit breaker trip unit control unit, the following information is obtained from the product information acquired in step S230: N RS =2, O RS1 =(30,12), O RS2 = (50, 12), d RS1 =5d RS2 =5. N RS =2 indicates that the number of knobs on the circuit breaker CB is 2. RS1 = (30, 12) and O RS2 = (50, 12) represent the coordinates of the center of the first knob graphic 301 (30, 12) and the center of the second knob graphic 302 (50, 12), respectively, with the bottom left corner of the nameplate as the origin. RS1 =5 and d RS1 =5 indicates that the diameters of both the first knob graphic 301 and the second knob graphic are 5. Based on this information, and considering that the size of the target image 400 determined in the first sub-step of step S240 is in a 1 / 2 ratio to the actual size of the nameplate, a circle with a diameter of 2.5 can be extracted from the target image 400 with its lower left vertex as the origin and the coordinates (15,6) as the center, to serve as the first knob graphic 301. Similarly, a circle with a diameter of 2.5 can be extracted from the target image 400 with the coordinates (25,6) as the center, to serve as the second knob graphic 302. This first approach is simple and fast.

[0062] For the second approach, the position of the knob graphic in the target image 400 can be determined by applying a template matching algorithm to the target image 400. This avoids the influence of possible deviations between the position of the knob graphic on the target image 400 output in the first sub-step of step S240 and the actual position of the knob on the circuit breaker stored by the manufacturer in the product information, making the determined position of the knob graphic in the target image 400 more accurate.

[0063] Template matching algorithms are processes that search for a corresponding pattern in another image based on a known pattern. In other words, the known pattern is a small, known image, and the template matching algorithm searches for a target in a large image that has the same size, orientation, and content as the small image. The result of template matching is the coordinate position of the target in the large image.

[0064] For example, for target image 400, it can also be obtained from the product information acquired in step S230: N RS =2,d RS1 =5 and d RS2 =5. According to d RS1 =d RS2 =5, and simultaneously, combining the size of the target image 400 determined in the first sub-step of step S240 with the actual size of the nameplate being 1 / 2, a black circle with a diameter of 2.5 is constructed. The target image 400 is binarized to obtain a black and white target image 400. Then, using this black circle with a diameter of 2.5 as a known pattern, a template matching algorithm is applied to the binarized black and white target image 400 to find the knob graphics 301 and 302. The result is the output position of the knob graphics 301 and 302 in the target image 400. For example, the output will be the coordinates O of the center of the knob graphics 301 in the target image 400, with the lower left vertex of the target image 400 as the origin. RS1 = (15,6) and the coordinates O of the center of the knob graphic 302 in the target image 400. RS2 = (25, 6).

[0065] According to N contained in the product information RS =2,d RS1 =5,d RS2 =5, combined with the fact that the size of the target image 400 set in the first sub-step of step S240 is in a 1 / 2 ratio to the actual size of the nameplate, and the coordinates O of the knob graphic 301 and knob graphic 302 in the target image 400 determined by the template matching algorithm. RS1 = (15,6) and O RS2= (25,6), similarly, for the target image 400, with its lower left vertex as the origin and the center at coordinates (15,6), a circle with a diameter of 2.5 can be extracted as the first knob graphic 301, and with the center at coordinates (25,6), a circle with a diameter of 2.5 can be extracted as the second knob graphic 302.

[0066] Back Figure 2 In step S250, the knob angles of knob graphics 301 and 302 are determined. In embodiments of this disclosure, knob graphics 301 and 302 include arrows indicating knob parameters, and the knob angle represents the scale indicated by the arrows in the knob graphics.

[0067] For each knob graphic, step S250 may include three sub-steps. In the first sub-step, two angles are determined between the first and second ends of the straight line containing the arrow in the knob graphic. In the second sub-step, it is determined whether the arrow in the knob graphic points towards the first or second end of the straight line. In the third sub-step, the angle corresponding to the determined direction is determined as the knob angle of the knob graphic.

[0068] The following is combined Figure 5 Let's take the knob graphic 301 as an example to illustrate the first sub-step of step S250. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the two angles of the first and second ends of the straight line where the arrow in the knob graphic 301 is located.

[0069] See Figure 5 In the first sub-step of step S250, the knob graphic 301 extracted in step S240 is converted to grayscale. Grayscale conversion only loses color information, not brightness information, which can reduce the amount of data to be processed and speed up the processing.

[0070] like Figure 5As shown, a line segment 500 with the center of the knob graphic 301 as its symmetrical point and a length equal to the diameter of the knob graphic 301 is taken as the first reference line segment 500. The first reference line segment is rotated within the range of 0 to 180 degrees. For example, the initial position of the first reference line segment 500 is the position of the solid line in the figure, that is, the position with one end at 0 degrees and the other end at 180 degrees. Then, the first reference line segment 500 is rotated clockwise, with its two ends successively passing through 45 degrees and 225 degrees, 90 degrees and 270 degrees, 135 degrees and 315 degrees, until it reaches 180 degrees and 0 degrees. The rotation of the first reference line segment 500 covers the entire knob graphic 301. Whenever the first reference line segment 500 rotates by a unit angle (e.g., 1 degree), the sum of the grayscale values ​​of all pixels corresponding to the first reference line segment 500 on the grayscale knob graphic 301 is stored. In other words, for every unit angle rotated by the first reference line segment 500, the sum of the grayscale values ​​of all pixels covered by the first reference line segment 500 is stored. The size of the unit angle can be determined based on the adjustment precision of the knob. Since grayscale values ​​are related to the brightness of pixels, grayscale values ​​from 0 to 255 represent brightness from darkest to brightest. The line where the arrow is located in the knob graphic 301 is the darkest. Therefore, when the first reference line segment 500 rotates to the line where the arrow is located, the sum of the grayscale values ​​of all pixels it covers is the smallest. Based on this principle, the first reference line segment 500 corresponding to the smallest sum of grayscale values ​​can be determined as the line where the arrow is located. For example, as... Figure 5 As shown, when the first reference line segment 500 is rotated to 45 degrees and 225 degrees at its two ends respectively, the sum of the gray values ​​of all the corresponding pixels is the smallest. At this time, 45 degrees and 225 degrees are determined as the two angles of the first and second ends of the straight line where the arrow is located.

[0071] The following is combined Figure 6 The second sub-step of step S250 will be explained using the knob graphic 301 as an example. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram to determine whether the arrow in the knob graphic 301 points to the first or second end of the straight line containing the arrow.

[0072] refer to Figure 6 In the second sub-step of step S250, the grayscale knob graphic 301 from the first sub-step of step S250 is further binarized, resulting in a black and white effect for the binarized knob graphic 301. A line segment with the straight line 500 containing the arrow as its axis of symmetry and a length greater than the width of the arrow's tail is selected as the second reference line segment 600. For example, the length of the second reference line segment 600 can be equal to the radius of the knob image 301. The second reference line segment 600 is slid along the straight line 500 containing the arrow. For example, the initial position of the second reference line segment 600 is relative to the first end of the straight line 500 containing the arrow. Figure 5The middle finger intersects with the end at a 45-degree angle. Then, the second reference line segment 600 slides pixel by pixel along the straight line 500 where the arrow is located, passing through the position shown by the dotted line in the figure, and reaching the second end of the straight line 500 where the arrow is located. Figure 5 (The middle finger points to the end at an angle of 225 degrees). Of course, the second reference line segment 600 can also slide pixel by pixel from the second end of the straight line 500 where the arrow is located to the first end of the straight line 500 where the arrow is located. Each time the second reference line segment 600 slides one pixel, the number of black pixels among all pixels corresponding to the second reference line segment 600 on the binarized knob graphic 301 is stored. Since the length of the second reference line segment 600 is greater than the width of the arrow's tail, the second reference line segment 600 corresponding to the maximum number of black pixels must be located at the head (i.e., the triangular) end of the arrow. Therefore, when the second reference line segment 600 corresponding to the maximum number of black pixels is closer to the first end of the straight line 500 where the arrow is located, the direction of the arrow is determined to be that first end, and when the second reference line segment 600 corresponding to the maximum number of black pixels is closer to the second end of the straight line 500 where the arrow is located, the direction of the arrow is determined to be that second end. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the second reference line segment 600 corresponding to the maximum number of black pixels is closer to the second end of the straight line 500 where the arrow is located. Figure 5 The middle arrow points to the end at an angle of 225 degrees, therefore the direction of the arrow is determined to be the second end of the straight line 500 where the arrow is located.

[0073] In the third sub-step of step S250, the angle corresponding to the determined orientation among the two angles is determined as the knob angle of the knob pattern. For example, based on the two angles of the first and second ends of the line where the arrow is located, determined in the first sub-step of step S250, which are 45 degrees and 225 degrees respectively, and the orientation of the arrow being the second end of the line where the arrow is located, determined in the second sub-step of step S250, 225 degrees is determined as the knob angle of the knob pattern 301.

[0074] Back Figure 2 In step S260, the knob parameters are determined based on the knob angle and unit range. Based on the knob angle of 225 degrees determined in the third sub-step of step S250, and the unit range of knob RS1 as 1A contained in the product information, the knob parameter of knob graphic 301 can be determined to be 225A.

[0075] Similarly, the three sub-steps of step S250 can be repeated for the knob pattern 302 to identify the knob parameter of knob RS2 on the circuit breaker CB as 1250A.

[0076] Therefore, using the method 200 for identifying the knob parameters of a circuit breaker according to an embodiment of this disclosure, the knob parameters Ir and Im of knobs RS1 and RS2 on the circuit breaker CB can be automatically identified as 225A and 1250A, respectively. No manual observation or data entry is required; only an image to be identified, containing the circuit breaker's identification code and a knob graphic of the circuit breaker, needs to be captured from the circuit breaker, resulting in high accuracy and efficiency.

[0077] Furthermore, method 200 may also include storing (e.g., via storage module 740 of device 700) the identified knob parameters and all or part of the information contained in the product information obtained in step S230, and displaying (e.g., via human-machine interface module of device 700) the knob parameters and all or part of the information contained in the product information (e.g., ... Figure 8 (Information displayed in the image other than the knob parameters).

[0078] The above combination Figures 2 to 6 A method 200 for identifying knob parameters of a circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is described below. Figure 7 and Figure 8 A device 700 for identifying knob parameters of a circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is described.

[0079] Figure 7 This is a device 700 for identifying the knob parameters of a circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0080] refer to Figure 7 The device 700 may include an image capture module 710, a processing module 720, a communication module 730, and a storage module 740. The device 700 may be an apparatus, such as a smartphone or smartwatch, capable of performing the method 200 described above for identifying the knob parameters of a circuit breaker.

[0081] Image capture module 710 can be a camera on a device such as a smartphone or smartwatch, which can capture an image 300 to be identified from the circuit breaker CB. The image 300 includes the circuit breaker's identification code 301 and knob graphics 301 and 302 of knobs RS1 and RS2 on the circuit breaker. Identification code 301 can be a QR code, barcode, or other type of code that can be used to indicate the product identity of the circuit breaker. Product identity can be, for example, a product serial number assigned to the circuit breaker CB by the manufacturer. Processing module 720 can identify the identification code 301 from the image 300 to obtain the product identity of the circuit breaker CB. For example, when device 700 is a smartphone, a QR code or barcode can be easily identified.

[0082] The communication module 730 can send the product identity to a server S that pre-stores product information of the circuit breaker CB, and receive the product information of the circuit breaker CB from the server S. The server S can be a local server, a remote server, a cloud server, etc. The server S can determine the legitimacy of the product identity based on whether the product identity is retrieved. For example, if the wrong object was captured when capturing the image 300 to be identified (e.g., the captured object is a product from another manufacturer), and the product identity identified from the identification code is not recorded in the server's product information database, the server S can determine that the product identity is invalid and send a prompt message indicating that the product identity is invalid to the communication module 730. The product information of the circuit breaker CB includes the unit range of the knob on the circuit breaker CB. The unit range represents the physical quantity represented by each unit angle (e.g., 1 degree) of knob rotation. The processing module 720 can also extract knob patterns 301 and 302 from the image to be recognized 300, determine the knob angles of the knob patterns 301 and 302, and determine the knob parameters of each knob based on the knob angles and unit range of each knob pattern 301 and 302.

[0083] Storage module 740 can also pre-store product information of circuit breaker CB. In this case, the processing module can retrieve the product information by searching the storage module 470 using the product identity as the keyword.

[0084] In some examples, when capturing the image 300 to be recognized, distortion may occur in the image 300 because the image capture module 710 is not parallel to the plane where the knob is located, such as... Figure 3 As shown. The processing module 720 can transform the image to be recognized 300 into the target image 400 using a perspective transformation algorithm to remove distortions in the image to be recognized 300, and then extract the knob graphic from the target image 400. The process of transforming the image to be recognized 300 into the target image 400 using the perspective transformation algorithm has been described above. Figure 3 , Figure 4 The details have been described in detail, and to avoid repetition, they will not be repeated here.

[0085] After obtaining the target image 400, the processing module 720 extracts the knob graphics 301 and 302 from the target image 400. There are two methods for extracting the knob graphics 301 and 302. The first method is to extract the knob graphics 301 and 302 from the target image 400 based on the number of knobs, the position of the knobs on the circuit breaker, and the size information of the knobs contained in the product information. The second method is to determine the position of the knob graphics 301 and 302 in the target image 400 using a template matching algorithm, and then extract the knob graphics 301 and 302 from the target image 400 based on the determined position of the knob graphics 301 and 302 in the target image 400 and the number and size information of the knobs contained in the product information. These two methods have been combined in the preceding text. Figure 4 The details have been described in detail, and to avoid repetition, they will not be repeated here.

[0086] After extracting the knob graphics, the processing module 720 determines the knob angle of each knob graphic 301, 302. For each knob graphic, the processing module 720 first determines the two angles of the first and second ends of the straight line containing the arrow in the knob graphic, then determines whether the arrow is pointing towards the first or second end of the straight line, and finally determines the angle corresponding to the determined direction as the knob angle of knob graphic 301.

[0087] The processing module 720 determines the two angles at the first and second ends of the straight line containing the arrow by performing the following steps: converting the knob graphic to grayscale; taking a line segment symmetrical to the center of the knob graphic and with a length equal to the diameter of the knob graphic as the first reference line segment; rotating the first reference line segment within a range of 0 to 180 degrees; storing the sum of grayscale values ​​of all pixels on the grayscale knob graphic corresponding to the first reference line segment whenever the first reference line segment rotates by a unit angle (e.g., 1 degree); determining the first reference line segment corresponding to the minimum sum of grayscale values ​​as the straight line containing the arrow; and determining the two angles at both ends of the first reference line segment corresponding to the minimum sum of grayscale values ​​as the two angles at the first and second ends of the straight line. These steps have already been combined in the preceding text. Figure 5 This has already been described in detail, and to avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here. For example, as... Figure 5 As shown, the two angles of the first and second ends of the straight line 500 where the arrow in the knob graphic 301 is located are 45 degrees and 225 degrees, respectively.

[0088] The processing module 720 determines whether the arrow's orientation is at the first or second end of the straight line by following these steps: binarize the grayscale knob graphic; take a line segment with the straight line containing the arrow as its axis of symmetry and a length greater than the width of the arrow's tail as the second reference line segment; slide the second reference line segment along the straight line containing the arrow; whenever the second reference line segment slides one pixel, store the number of black pixels among all pixels on the binarized knob graphic corresponding to the second reference line segment; when the second reference line segment corresponding to the maximum number of black pixels is closer to the first end of the straight line containing the arrow, determine that the arrow's orientation is at the first end, and when the second reference line segment corresponding to the maximum number of black pixels is closer to the second end of the straight line containing the arrow, determine that the arrow's orientation is at the second end. These steps have already been combined in the preceding text. Figure 6 This has already been described in detail, and to avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here. For example, as... Figure 6 As shown, the direction of the arrow in the knob graphic 301 is determined to be the second end of the straight line 500 where the arrow is located, that is... Figure 5 The middle finger points to the end at an angle of 225 degrees.

[0089] Based on this, the processing module 720 determines the knob angle as the angle between the two angles at the ends of the straight line containing the arrow in the knob graphic that corresponds to the determined orientation. For example, according to Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the processing module 720 determines the angle 225 degrees, which corresponds to the direction of the arrow, between 45 degrees and 225 degrees as the knob angle of the knob graphic 301.

[0090] After determining the knob angle, the processing module 720 determines the knob parameters of the knob graphic based on the knob angle and unit range. For example, based on the knob angle of knob graphic 301 being 225 degrees and the unit range of knob RS1 obtained from the product information being 1A / degree, the processing module 720 determines the knob parameter Ir of knob graphic 301 to be 225A. Similarly, based on the knob angle of knob graphic 301 being 125 degrees and the unit range of knob RS1 obtained from the product information being 10A / degree, the processing module 720 determines the knob parameter Im of knob graphic 301 to be 1250A.

[0091] After the processing module 720 determines the knob parameters, the storage module 740 stores the knob parameters.

[0092] refer to Figure 7 In addition to the image processing module 710, processing module 720, communication module 730, and storage module 740, device 700 may also include a human-machine interface module 750 and a power supply module 760. The human-machine interface module 750 can be used to display all or part of the information contained in the knob parameters and product information recognized by the processing module 720 for user viewing. The human-machine interface module 750 can be a display screen such as a smartphone or smartwatch, or an interface for connecting to a display device outside of device 700. The power supply module 760 is used to supply power to device 700; it can be a power supply located inside device 700, or an interface for connecting to an external power supply to device 700.

[0093] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a device 700 for identifying the knob parameters of a circuit breaker, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, displaying the knob parameters of the circuit breaker. (See reference) Figure 8 The device 700 displays basic information about the circuit breaker CB from the product information via the human-machine interface module 750, including the photo, serial number, short name of the product, product application, and description of the protection poles. It also displays the trip unit name, performance level, type, protection function, control type of the circuit breaker CB, as well as the values ​​of the knob parameters Ir and Im recognized by the processing module 720 of the device 700.

[0094] Therefore, by simply using the device 700 for identifying the knob parameters of a circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present disclosure to capture an image to be identified that includes the circuit breaker's identification code and a knob graphic of the circuit breaker's knob, the knob parameters of the circuit breaker can be automatically identified without manual observation and input, thus improving the accuracy and efficiency of identifying the knob parameters and further facilitating the import of the knob parameters into a digital system.

[0095] The method flowcharts and device block diagrams disclosed herein are merely illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that connections or arrangements must be made in the manner shown in the flowcharts and block diagrams. As those skilled in the art will recognize, these devices and equipment can be connected and arranged in any manner that achieves the desired purpose.

[0096] Those skilled in the art should understand that the specific embodiments described above are merely examples and not limitations. Various modifications, combinations, partial combinations, and substitutions can be made to the embodiments of the present invention according to design requirements and other factors, as long as they are within the scope of the appended claims or their equivalents, and thus fall within the scope of the rights to be protected by this disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for identifying knob parameters of a circuit breaker, the circuit breaker being provided with a knob for setting the knob parameters, the method comprising: Capture an image to be identified from the circuit breaker, including the circuit breaker's identification code and a knob graphic of the knob; Identify the identification code to obtain the product identity of the circuit breaker; Based on the product identity, obtain the product information of the circuit breaker, the product information including the unit range of the knob; Extract the knob graphic from the image to be identified; Determine the knob angle of the knob graphic; and The knob parameters are determined based on the knob angle and the unit range. The knob graphic includes arrows indicating the knob parameters, and determining the knob angle of the knob graphic includes: Determine the two angles at the first and second ends of the line containing the arrow; Determine whether the arrow is pointing towards the first or second end of the line; and The angle that corresponds to the determined orientation among the two angles is determined as the knob angle. The two angles used to determine the first and second ends of the straight line containing the arrow include: Convert the knob graphic to grayscale; Take a line segment with the center of the knob graphic as the symmetrical point and the length of the knob graphic as the diameter of the first reference line segment; Rotate the first reference line segment within the range of 0 to 180 degrees; Whenever the first reference line segment rotates by a unit angle, the sum of the grayscale values ​​of all pixels on the grayscale knob graphic corresponding to the first reference line segment is stored. The first reference line segment corresponding to the sum of the minimum gray values ​​is defined as the straight line containing the arrow; and The two angles at both ends of the first reference line segment corresponding to the sum of the minimum gray values ​​are determined as the two angles at the first and second ends of the line where the arrow is located.

2. The method as described in claim 1, wherein, Extracting the knob graphic from the image to be identified includes: The image to be identified is transformed into a target image using a perspective transformation algorithm, in which distortions in the image to be identified are removed; Extract the knob graphic from the target image.

3. The method as described in claim 2, wherein, The target image is rectangular, and the product information also indicates the size information of the target image. Furthermore, transforming the image to be recognized into the target image using a perspective transformation algorithm includes: The four edge lines of the image to be identified are extracted using a contour extraction algorithm; Fit the four edge lines to obtain the coordinates of the four vertices of the image to be identified; The coordinates of the four vertices and the size information of the target image are used as inputs to the perspective transformation function to output the target image.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein, The product information also includes the number of knobs, the position of the knobs on the circuit breaker, and the size information of the knobs; and Extracting the knob graphic from the target image includes extracting the knob graphic from the target image based on the number of knobs, the position of the knobs on the circuit breaker, and the size information of the knobs.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein, The product information also includes the number of knobs and the size information of the knobs, and extracting the knob graphic from the target image includes: The position of the knob graphic in the target image is determined using a template matching algorithm; and The knob graphic is extracted from the target image based on the number of knobs, the size information of the knobs, and the position of the knob graphic in the target image.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, Determining whether the arrow points to the first or second end of the line includes: Binarize the grayscale knob graphic; Take a line segment with the straight line containing the arrow as the axis of symmetry and whose length is greater than the width of the tail of the arrow as the second reference line segment; Slide the second reference line segment along the straight line where the arrow is located; Whenever the second reference line segment slides one pixel, store the number of black pixels among all pixels corresponding to the second reference line segment on the binarized knob graphic; and When the second reference line segment corresponding to the maximum number of black pixels is closer to the first end of the line where the arrow is located, the direction of the arrow is determined to be the first end; and when the second reference line segment corresponding to the maximum number of black pixels is closer to the second end of the line where the arrow is located, the direction of the arrow is determined to be the second end.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, Based on the product identity, obtain the product information of the circuit breaker, including: The product identity is sent to a server that pre-stores the product information. If the product identity is legitimate, the product information is received from the server, and The server determines the legitimacy of the product identity based on whether the product identity is retrieved.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising: Store all or part of the information contained in the knob parameters and the product information; and The knob parameters and all or part of the information are displayed through a human-machine interface.

9. A device for identifying knob parameters of a circuit breaker, the circuit breaker being provided with a knob for setting the knob parameters, the device comprising: An image capture module is configured to capture an image to be identified from the circuit breaker, including the circuit breaker's identification code and a knob graphic of the knob; The processing module is configured as follows: Identify the circuit breaker's identification code to obtain the circuit breaker's product identity; Based on the product identity, obtain the product information of the circuit breaker, the product information including the unit range of the knob; Extract the knob graphic from the image to be identified; Determine the knob angle of the knob graphic; and The knob parameters are determined based on the knob angle and the unit range. The knob graphic includes arrows indicating the knob parameters, and the processing module is further configured to determine the knob angle of the knob graphic by performing the following operations: Determine the two angles at the first and second ends of the line containing the arrow; Determine whether the arrow is pointing towards the first or second end of the line; and The angle that corresponds to the determined orientation among the two angles is determined as the knob angle. The processing module is further configured to determine two angles of the first end and the second segment of the straight line containing the arrow by performing the following operations: Convert the knob graphic to grayscale; Take a line segment with the center of the knob graphic as the symmetrical point and the length of the knob graphic as the diameter of the first reference line segment; Rotate the first reference line segment within the range of 0 to 180 degrees; Whenever the first reference line segment rotates by a unit angle, the sum of the grayscale values ​​of all pixels on the grayscale knob graphic corresponding to the first reference line segment is stored. The first reference line segment corresponding to the sum of the minimum gray values ​​is defined as the straight line containing the arrow; and The two angles at both ends of the first reference line segment corresponding to the sum of the minimum gray values ​​are determined as the two angles at the first and second ends of the line.

10. The device as claimed in claim 9, wherein, The processing module is further configured to extract the knob graphic from the image to be identified by performing the following operations: The image to be identified is transformed into a target image using a perspective transformation algorithm, in which distortions in the image to be identified are removed; and Extract the knob graphic from the target image.

11. The device as claimed in claim 10, wherein, The target image is rectangular, and the product information also indicates the size information of the target image. Furthermore, transforming the image to be recognized into the target image using a perspective transformation algorithm includes: The four straight line edges of the image to be identified are extracted using a contour extraction algorithm; Fit the four straight line edges to obtain the coordinates of the four vertices of the image to be identified; and The coordinates of the four vertices and the size information of the target image are used as inputs to the perspective transformation function to output the target image.

12. The device as claimed in claim 10, wherein, The product information also includes the number of knobs, the position of the knobs on the circuit breaker, and the size information of the knobs; and The processing module is further configured to extract the knob graphic from the target image based on the number of knobs, the position of the knobs on the circuit breaker, and the size information of the knobs.

13. The device as claimed in claim 10, wherein, The product information also includes the number of knobs and the size information of the knobs, and extracting the knob graphic from the target image includes: The position of the knob graphic in the target image is determined using a template matching algorithm; and The knob graphic is extracted from the target image based on the number of knobs, the size information of the knobs, and the position of the knob graphic in the target image.

14. The device as claimed in claim 9, wherein, The processing module is further configured to determine whether the arrow is pointing towards the first or second end of the line by performing the following operations: Binarize the grayscale knob graphic; Take a line segment with the straight line containing the arrow as the axis of symmetry and whose length is greater than the width of the tail of the arrow as the second reference line segment; Slide the second reference line segment along the straight line where the arrow is located; Whenever the second reference line segment slides one pixel, the number of black pixels among all pixels corresponding to the second reference line segment on the binarized knob graphic is stored; and When the second reference line segment corresponding to the maximum number of black pixels is closer to the first end of the line where the arrow is located, the direction of the arrow is determined to be the first end; and when the second reference line segment corresponding to the maximum number of black pixels is closer to the second end of the line where the arrow is located, the direction of the arrow is determined to be the second end.

15. The device of claim 9, further comprising a communication module, the communication module being configured to: Send the product identity to the server that pre-stores the product information; If the product identity is legitimate, the product information is received from the server. in, The server determines whether the product identity is legitimate based on whether the product identity is retrieved.

16. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising: A storage module pre-stores the product information and is configured to store the knob parameters; and The human-machine interface module is configured to display all or part of the knob parameters and product information.

Images