A magnetoelectric complementary antenna based on embedded ceramic and stacked dielectric resonators

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of antenna technology, specifically relating to a magnetoelectric complementary antenna based on embedded ceramic and stacked dielectric resonators. It includes a composite dielectric resonator antenna, a square printed circuit board, and a concave printed circuit board. The composite dielectric resonator antenna comprises a first high-dielectric-constant ceramic block, a low-dielectric-constant dielectric block, and four second high-dielectric-constant ceramic blocks. The four second high-dielectric-constant ceramic blocks are uniformly embedded in the sides of the low-dielectric-constant dielectric block, and the first high-dielectric-constant ceramic block is positioned directly above the low-dielectric-constant dielectric block. A metal layer is disposed on the upper surface of the square printed circuit board, and a pair of leaf-shaped patch metal layers are disposed on the lower surface. The concave printed circuit board is vertically positioned below the square printed circuit board. This invention utilizes an embedded stacked structure and a magnetoelectric complementary structure to construct a novel resonator antenna, achieving wide impedance bandwidth, high gain, high front-to-back ratio, and high cross-polarization discrimination.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of antenna technology, specifically relating to a magnetoelectric complementary antenna based on embedded ceramic and stacked dielectric resonators. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing capacity of wireless communication systems, higher demands are placed on the wideband characteristics of antennas and the stability of gain and radiation pattern over a wide bandwidth. Magnetoelectric complementary antennas possess stable wide-side radiation modes, wide impedance bandwidth, high front-to-back ratio, and high cross-polarization discrimination within their operating frequency band, meeting the requirements of wireless communication. The challenge in designing magnetoelectric complementary antennas lies in constructing a simple yet high-performance equivalent magnetic current source and combining it appropriately with a current source to achieve a complementary radiation pattern. Dielectric resonator antennas operating in transverse electric mode can be considered as an equivalent magnetic current source, offering advantages such as small size, ease of excitation, and high radiation efficiency. Applying the design concept of dielectric resonator antennas to magnetoelectric complementary antennas can improve the antenna's impedance bandwidth and cross-polarization discrimination. Current magnetoelectric complementary antennas employ methods including using slot structures to excite dielectric resonator antennas to construct equivalent magnetic dipoles, using vertical metal arms to excite electric dipoles, achieving high cross-polarization discrimination through magnetoelectric complementary structures, and achieving wideband and high-gain characteristics through embedded ceramic and stacked structures. However, the above-mentioned magnetoelectric complementary antennas all have the following disadvantages: 1. They use a single dielectric resonator, resulting in narrow bandwidth; 2. They use a traditional stacked dielectric resonator structure, resulting in low gain; 3. They use a traditional microstrip transmission line feed network, resulting in poor antenna cross-polarization discrimination. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention proposes a magnetoelectric complementary antenna based on embedded ceramic and stacked dielectric resonators. The antenna includes: a composite structure dielectric resonator antenna, a square printed circuit board, and a concave printed circuit board.

[0004] The composite structure dielectric resonator antenna includes a first high dielectric constant ceramic block, four second high dielectric constant ceramic blocks, and a low dielectric constant dielectric block, wherein the four second high dielectric constant ceramic blocks are uniformly embedded in the side of the low dielectric constant dielectric block, and the first high dielectric constant ceramic block is positioned directly above the low dielectric constant dielectric block.

[0005] A metal layer with forked slots is provided on the upper surface of the square printed circuit board; a pair of leaf-shaped patch metal layers are provided on the lower surface of the square printed circuit board; and a composite structure dielectric resonator antenna is provided above the square printed circuit board.

[0006] The concave printed circuit board is vertically disposed below the square printed circuit board, and microstrip transmission lines are provided on both the front and rear surfaces of the concave printed circuit board. One end of the microstrip transmission line is connected to the port, and the other end is connected to the blade-shaped patch metal layer of the square printed circuit board.

[0007] Preferably, the relative permittivity of the first high dielectric constant ceramic block is 9.5 to 20, the permittivity of the second high dielectric constant ceramic block is 9.5 to 20, and the relative permittivity of the low dielectric constant dielectric block is 3.8 to 4.2.

[0008] Preferably, the low dielectric constant dielectric block is made of "F4B" material.

[0009] Preferably, the pair of blade-shaped patch metal layers disposed on the lower surface of the square printed circuit board are symmetrical oscillators.

[0010] Preferably, the forked slits etched on the upper surface metal layer of the square printed circuit board consist of a central rectangular slit and fractal slits at both ends, wherein the fractal slits include three sections and extend outward section by section according to the principle of self-similarity.

[0011] Preferably, the concave printed circuit board has protrusions on both sides, and the two protrusions are the same size.

[0012] Preferably, the two microstrip transmission lines are microstrip transmission lines that have been bent, that is, the microstrip transmission lines include a vertical part and a parallel part.

[0013] Beneficial effects of the present invention

[0014] This invention employs an embedded stacked structure and a magnetoelectric complementary structure to construct a novel resonator antenna, which can achieve wide impedance bandwidth, high gain, high front-to-back ratio, and high cross-polarization discrimination. The antenna operates in the ranges of 4.54 GHz to 5.19 GHz and 5.35 GHz to 6.55 GHz. The magnetoelectric complementary antenna of this invention achieves high gain, high front-to-back ratio, and high cross-polarization discrimination while maintaining a wide impedance bandwidth, making it suitable for a wider range of applications. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetoelectric complementary antenna structure based on embedded ceramic and stacked dielectric resonators of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 The S-parameter diagram of the magnetoelectric complementary antenna based on embedded ceramic and stacked dielectric resonators of the present invention is shown.

[0017] Figure 3 The gain and efficiency diagrams of the magnetoelectric complementary antenna based on embedded ceramic and stacked dielectric resonators of the present invention are shown.

[0018] Figure 4 The two-dimensional radiation patterns of the magnetoelectric complementary antenna based on embedded ceramic and stacked dielectric resonators of the present invention at different frequencies are shown. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] A magneto-electric complementary antenna based on embedded ceramic and stacked dielectric resonators is disclosed. This antenna, based on a dielectric resonator excited by an improved slot structure, can be equivalent to a magnetic dipole, forming a magneto-electric complementary antenna together with a blade-shaped electric dipole. This embedded-stacked dielectric resonator antenna achieves wide bandwidth and high gain characteristics, and improves the front-to-back ratio and cross-polarization discrimination. This antenna solves the problem of narrow operating bandwidth in traditional complementary antennas.

[0021] A specific implementation of a magnetoelectric complementary antenna based on embedded ceramic and stacked dielectric resonators, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the antenna includes: a composite structure dielectric resonator antenna, a square printed circuit board, and a concave printed circuit board; the composite structure dielectric resonator antenna includes a first high dielectric constant ceramic block, four second high dielectric constant ceramic blocks, and a low dielectric constant dielectric block, wherein the four second high dielectric constant ceramic blocks are uniformly embedded in the side of the low dielectric constant dielectric block, and the first high dielectric constant ceramic block is positioned directly above the low dielectric constant dielectric block; a metal layer is provided on the upper surface of the square printed circuit board, and the metal layer is etched with forked slots; a pair of leaf-shaped patch metal layers are provided on the lower surface of the square printed circuit board; wherein, the composite structure dielectric resonator antenna is positioned above the square printed circuit board; the concave printed circuit board is vertically positioned below the square printed circuit board, and microstrip transmission lines are provided on both the front and rear surfaces of the concave printed circuit board, one end of the microstrip transmission line is connected to a port, and the other end is connected to the leaf-shaped patch metal layers of the square printed circuit board.

[0022] A magnetoelectric complementary antenna, consisting of a blade-shaped symmetrical dipole, a composite structure dielectric resonator antenna, and a forked slot, achieves excellent antenna performance with high cross-polarization discrimination, high front-to-back ratio, and wide bandwidth through a well-configured current and equivalent magnetic current amplitude. The antenna comprises three parts: an upper layer of composite structure dielectric resonator antenna, a middle layer of square printed circuit board, and a lower layer of concave printed circuit board.

[0023] In this embodiment, the upper-layer composite structure dielectric resonator antenna consists of a first high-dielectric-constant ceramic block A, four second high-dielectric-constant ceramic blocks B1, B2, B3, and B4, and a low-dielectric-constant dielectric block C. The first high-dielectric-constant ceramic block A and the low-dielectric-constant dielectric block C are stacked, with the first high-dielectric-constant ceramic block A positioned directly above the low-dielectric-constant dielectric block C, and its volume is smaller than that of the low-dielectric-constant dielectric block C. The four second high-dielectric-constant ceramic blocks B1, B2, B3, and B4 are embedded in the four sides of the low-dielectric-constant dielectric block C, and are symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the low-dielectric-constant dielectric block C. The upper surface of the middle-layer square printed circuit board has a metal layer with a forked slit etched into it, and the lower surface has a pair of blade-shaped patch metal layers. The lower-layer concave printed circuit board is vertically placed, with microstrip transmission lines on both its front and rear surfaces. One end of each microstrip transmission line is connected to a port, and the other end is connected to the blade-shaped patch metal layers.

[0024] In this embodiment, the upper composite structure dielectric resonator antenna is placed on the middle layer square circuit board, and the two sides of the middle layer square printed circuit board are opened and connected to the lower layer printed concave circuit board for fixation. The electromagnetic signal input from the port is transmitted to the blade-shaped symmetrical dipole through the microstrip transmission line, and then the upper composite structure dielectric resonator antenna is excited by the fork-shaped slot coupling.

[0025] In a composite dielectric resonator antenna, based on the equivalent dielectric constant theory, the stacked structure of the first high-dielectric-constant ceramic block A and the low-dielectric-constant dielectric block C is equivalent to one RLC resonant circuit; the four second high-dielectric-constant ceramic blocks B1, B2, B3, and B4 are equivalent to four RLC resonant circuits connected in series; when the four second high-dielectric-constant ceramic blocks B1, B2, B3, and B4 are embedded in the low-dielectric-constant dielectric block C, it is equivalent to introducing an additional load into the antenna's resonant circuit. This additional load can be equivalent to a capacitor connected in parallel with the RLC resonant circuit. Therefore, the equivalent circuit of the composite dielectric resonator antenna is five RLC resonant circuits connected in series and four capacitors connected in parallel.

[0026] This invention allows control over the number of equivalent parallel capacitors by adjusting the number of second high-dielectric-constant ceramic blocks. The capacitance value of each equivalent parallel capacitor can be adjusted by changing the length and width of the second high-dielectric-constant ceramic blocks. This allows tuning the input impedance of the entire composite structure, ultimately achieving wideband characteristics.

[0027] In this embodiment, the fork-shaped slot consists of a central rectangular portion and fractal portions at both ends. Each fractal portion comprises three sections, extending outwards segment by segment according to the principle of self-similarity. The fork-shaped slot improves the antenna's impedance matching performance and matching bandwidth based on the principle of self-similarity.

[0028] A specific implementation of a magnetoelectric complementary antenna based on embedded ceramic and stacked dielectric resonators includes an upper composite structure dielectric resonator antenna, a middle square printed circuit board, and a lower concave printed circuit board.

[0029] The upper-layer composite dielectric resonator antenna consists of a large ceramic block A with a relative permittivity of 9.8; four second-higher permittivity ceramic blocks B1, B2, B3, and B4 with a relative permittivity of 9.8; and a dielectric block C made of F4B material with a relative permittivity of 4.0. The four second-higher permittivity ceramic blocks are identical in size and shape, with a length of 4.5 mm, a bandwidth of 2.5 mm, and a height of 7.7 mm. The large ceramic block A has a length of 8.3 mm, a bandwidth of 8.3 mm, and a height of 6.5 mm, and is stacked on top of the dielectric block C. The dielectric block C has a length of 21.7 mm, a bandwidth of 21.7 mm, and a height of 7.7 mm. The four sides of the dielectric block C are embedded with the second-higher permittivity ceramic blocks B1, B2, B3, and B4, ensuring symmetry between the four second-higher permittivity ceramic blocks and the center point of the dielectric block C.

[0030] The upper surface of the central square printed circuit board has a metal layer with a forked slit etched into it. The rectangular portion of the forked slit is 16mm long and 1.3mm wide, with self-similar portions at both ends. Each self-similar portion consists of three segments with lengths of 0.3mm, 0.2mm, and 0.2mm from the inside out, and widths of 1mm, 0.8mm, and 0.3mm from the inside out. The lower surface of the central circuit board has a pair of blade-shaped patch metal layers with a major radius of 15.5mm and a ratio of 0.125.

[0031] The lower concave printed circuit board has two identical raised structures at its corners, each 4mm long, 1.524mm wide, and 3.238mm high. The middle portion of the concave printed circuit board is 50mm long, 1.524mm wide, and 8mm high. Each of the front and rear surfaces of the lower concave printed circuit board has one microstrip transmission line, which is bent and includes a vertical portion and a parallel portion. The vertical portion is 3mm long and 2.5mm wide; the parallel portion is 26.25mm long and 2.5mm wide. The vertical portion is connected to the blade-shaped patch metal layer.

[0032] Optionally, the dielectric block C in the upper composite structure is made of "F4B" material.

[0033] Optionally, the central square printed circuit board is made of "F4BK225" material, with a thickness of 0.762mm and a side length of 56mm.

[0034] Optionally, the lower recessed printed circuit board is made of "F4BK225" material.

[0035] Optionally, the material of the middle and lower printed circuit boards can be changed from F4BK225 to Rogers 5880.

[0036] In this embodiment, the lower printed circuit board has microstrip lines fed in a bent manner.

[0037] The upper surface of the intermediate square printed circuit board has a metal layer serving as a ground plane, with a forked slot etched into it. The lower surface of the intermediate square printed circuit board has a pair of blade-shaped patch metal layers with a gap between them; the forked slot is located directly above this gap. The upper two corners of the lower concave printed circuit board protrude, and each of the front and rear surfaces of this lower concave printed circuit board has a microstrip transmission line. The two microstrip transmission lines are bent, including vertical and parallel portions; the vertical portion connects to the blade-shaped patch metal layers. The forked feed slot is electromagnetically coupled to the dielectric resonator, thereby exciting the TE mode inside the composite structure dielectric resonator.

[0038] In this embodiment, a pair of blade-shaped patch metal layers are symmetrical oscillators, and the embedded stacked dielectric resonator, after being excited to the TE mode, is equivalent to a magnetic dipole. The blade-shaped patch metal layers and the embedded stacked dielectric resonator constitute a magnetoelectric complementary antenna, improving the front-to-back ratio and optimizing the cross-polarization discrimination rate. The embedded stacked dielectric resonator expands the impedance bandwidth while improving the antenna gain.

[0039] The magnetoelectric complementary antenna based on embedded ceramic and stacked dielectric resonators operates in the 4.54GHz-5.19GHz and 5.35GHz-6.55GHz ranges. Detailed data can be found at [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 Within the operating frequency band, the antenna's maximum gain is 6.7 dBic, and its efficiency is better than 86.7%. See detailed data below. Figure 3 The cross-polarization discrimination rate in the maximum radiation directions at 5.59 GHz, 5.92 GHz, and 6.31 GHz all exceeded 30 dB. Detailed data can be found in [link to data]. Figure 4 .

[0040] The above-described embodiments further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood that the above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made to the present invention within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A magneto-electrically complementary antenna based on embedded ceramic and stacked dielectric resonators, characterized in that, The composite structure medium resonator antenna, the square printed circuit board and the concave printed circuit board are included. The composite structure medium resonator antenna comprises a first high dielectric constant ceramic block, four second high dielectric constant ceramic blocks and a low dielectric constant medium block, wherein the four second high dielectric constant ceramic blocks are embedded in four sides of the low dielectric constant medium block respectively and are symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the low dielectric constant medium block; the first high dielectric constant ceramic block is arranged directly above the low dielectric constant medium block. The upper surface of the square printed circuit board is provided with a metal layer, and the metal layer is etched with a fork-shaped gap; the lower surface of the square printed circuit board is provided with a pair of blade-shaped patch metal layers; wherein the composite structure medium resonator antenna is arranged above the square printed circuit board. The concave printed circuit board is vertically arranged below the square printed circuit board, and the front and rear surfaces of the concave printed circuit board are both provided with microstrip transmission lines, one end of the microstrip transmission lines is connected with a port, and the other end is connected with the blade-shaped patch metal layers of the square printed circuit board. The relative dielectric constant of the first high dielectric constant ceramic block comprises 9.5-20, the relative dielectric constant of the second high dielectric constant ceramic block comprises 9.5-20, and the relative dielectric constant of the low dielectric constant medium block comprises 3.8-4.

2.

2. The magneto-electrically complementary antenna based on embedded ceramic and stacked dielectric resonators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The low dielectric constant medium block adopts "F4B" material.

3. The magneto-electrically complementary antenna based on embedded ceramic and stacked dielectric resonators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pair of blade-shaped patch metal layers arranged on the lower surface of the square printed circuit board are symmetrical dipoles.

4. The magneto-electrically complementary antenna based on embedded ceramic and stacked dielectric resonators of claim 1, wherein, The fork-shaped gap etched on the upper surface metal layer of the square printed circuit board is composed of a middle rectangular gap and two end fractal gaps, wherein the fractal gap comprises three sections and extends outward section by section according to the principle of self-similarity.

5. The magneto-electrically complementary antenna based on embedded ceramic and stacked dielectric resonators according to claim 1, characterized in that, ​

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