Trapped ion architecture in a dilution refrigerator for a superconducting qubit system

Abstract

A quantum computing system includes a dilution refrigerator having a plurality of chambers. A trapped-ion computing device includes a first set of qubits in a given chamber of the plurality of chambers of the dilution refrigerator. A superconducting computing device having a second set of superconducting qubits is located within the given chamber of the plurality of chambers of the dilution refrigerator.

Description

Background Technology Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure relates generally to superconducting devices, and more specifically to the integration of superconducting qubits and trapped ion systems. Background Technology

[0004] Superconducting quantum computing is the realization of quantum computers in superconducting electronic circuits. Quantum computing studies the application of quantum phenomena in information processing and communication. Different models of quantum computing exist, with the most popular models including the concepts of qubits and quantum gates. A qubit is a generalization of a bit that has two possible states but can be in a quantum superposition of both states. A quantum gate is a generalization of logic gates; however, it describes the transformation that one or more qubits will undergo after the gate is applied to them, given their initial states. Different quantum phenomena (such as superposition and entanglement) have no analogues in the world of classical computing and therefore may involve special structures, techniques, and materials.

[0005] In recent years, advances in quantum technology have facilitated the implementation of qubits in various physical systems, including superconducting qubits, ions, and others. While each system has its own advantages, each operates in different environments where integration is not easy. Summary of the Invention

[0006] According to one embodiment, a quantum computing system includes a dilution refrigerator comprising a plurality of chambers. A trapped-ion computing device is present, comprising a first set of qubits in a given chamber of the plurality of chambers in the dilution refrigerator. A superconducting computing device comprises a second set of superconducting qubits in a given chamber of the plurality of chambers in the dilution refrigerator.

[0007] In one embodiment, the second set of superconducting qubits is located in a hybrid chamber within a given chamber that is nested within multiple chambers. The hybrid chamber may be at a lower temperature than the given chamber.

[0008] In one embodiment, the mixing chamber is 10 to 20 mK, and a given chamber is 100 mK.

[0009] In one embodiment, the hybrid chamber further includes multiple filters and / or isolators coupled to a second set of superconducting qubits.

[0010] In one embodiment, a plurality of chambers are nested and include an external vacuum shield, a second chamber nested in the external vacuum shield, a third chamber nested in the second chamber, a fourth chamber nested in the third chamber, a fifth chamber corresponding to a given chamber and nested in the fourth chamber, and a sixth chamber corresponding to a hybrid chamber.

[0011] In one embodiment, the external vacuum shield is a shield of about 300K, the second chamber is a shield of about 50K, the third chamber is a shield of about 4K, the fourth chamber is a shield of about 700 to 800mK, the fifth chamber is a shield of about 100mK, and the sixth chamber is a shield of about 10 to 20mK.

[0012] In one embodiment, a given chamber includes one or more optical fibers coupled to an ion trap of an ion computing device.

[0013] In one embodiment, the ion computing device is housed in a copper (Cu) container.

[0014] In one embodiment, the copper canister is configured for heat and radiation shielding and includes one or more apertures for fiber optic and ion beam inlets.

[0015] In one embodiment, the ion trap is anchored to a stationary flange inside the third chamber.

[0016] In one embodiment, the stationary flange is 700 to 800 mK.

[0017] In one embodiment, the ion trap is anchored to a 4K flange.

[0018] In one embodiment, the ion trap is anchored to the cold plate of the fifth chamber.

[0019] According to one embodiment, a method includes providing a dilution refrigerator having multiple chambers. A trapped ion computing device including a first set of qubits is housed in a given chamber of the multiple chambers of the dilution refrigerator. A superconducting computing device including a second set of superconducting qubits is provided in a given chamber of the multiple chambers of the dilution refrigerator.

[0020] In one embodiment, the second set of superconducting qubits is housed in a hybrid chamber within a given chamber that is nested within multiple chambers.

[0021] In one embodiment, the mixing chamber operates at a lower temperature than a given chamber.

[0022] In one embodiment, an external vacuum shield for the dilution refrigerator is provided at approximately 300K.

[0023] In one embodiment, the second chamber of the plurality of chambers operates with a shield of approximately 50K.

[0024] In one embodiment, the third chamber of a plurality of chambers operates with a shield of approximately 4K.

[0025] In one embodiment, the fourth chamber of the plurality of chambers operates with a shielding of approximately 700 to 800 mK.

[0026] In one embodiment, the fifth chamber of a plurality of chambers operates with a cold plate shielding of approximately 100 mK.

[0027] In one embodiment, the sixth chamber of a plurality of chambers operates with a shielding of about 10 to 20 mK.

[0028] In one embodiment, an optical fiber is coupled to an ion trap of an ion computing device in a given chamber.

[0029] In one embodiment, the ion computing device is housed in a copper (Cu) container.

[0030] In one embodiment, the copper canister is configured for heat and radiation shielding.

[0031] In one embodiment, one or more apertures are provided for the optical fiber and ion beam inlet.

[0032] These and other features will become apparent from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments thereof, which will be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The accompanying drawings are illustrative embodiments. They do not show all embodiments. Other embodiments may be used alternatively or as an alternative. Obvious or unnecessary details may be omitted to save space or for more effective illustration. Some embodiments may be practiced with additional components or steps and / or without all components or steps shown. When the same numbers appear in different drawings, they refer to the same or similar parts or steps.

[0034] Figure 1 An example architecture of a quantum computing system according to an illustrative embodiment is shown.

[0035] Figure 2 An architecture of a hybrid configuration according to an illustrative embodiment is shown, which includes a superconducting quantum computer and an ion-trapping quantum computer in a shared dilution refrigerator.

[0036] Figure 3 An example process, consistent with the illustrative embodiments, is described, in which a superconducting quantum computer and an ion trapping computer are combined in a shared dilution refrigerator. Detailed Implementation

[0037] Overview

[0038] In the following detailed explanation, numerous specific details are illustrated by way of examples to provide a thorough understanding of the relevant teachings. However, it should be clear that the teachings can be practiced without such details. In other cases, well-known methods, processes, components, and / or circuits have been described at a relatively high level without detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of the teachings.

[0039] While the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element or nested chamber may be referred to as a second element or nested chamber, and similarly, a second element may be referred to as a first element without departing from the scope of the exemplary embodiments. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0040] Exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to schematic diagrams of idealized or simplified implementations (and intermediate structures). Therefore, variations in the shapes of the illustrations are expected due to factors such as manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances. Consequently, the areas shown in the figures are schematic in nature, and their shapes do not necessarily represent the actual shape or proportions of the areas of the device, and are not limiting in scope.

[0041] It should be understood that other embodiments may be used and structural or logical changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope defined by the claims. The description of the embodiments is not restrictive. In particular, elements of the embodiments described below may be combined with elements of different embodiments.

[0042] As used herein, certain terms are used to indicate what can be considered idealized behavior, such as “non-destructive,” “superconductor,” “superconducting,” and “absolute zero.” These terms are intended to cover functionality that may not be precisely ideal but is within an acceptable margin for a given application. For example, a certain level of loss or tolerance may be acceptable so that the resulting material and structure can still be referred to using these “idealized” terms.

[0043] This disclosure generally relates to superconducting devices, and more specifically to the combination of properties of different types of quantum technologies, namely superconducting qubits and trapped ions. Superconducting qubits offer fast gate times and are inherently suitable for scalable architectures. However, superconducting qubits typically have short coherence times and do not provide an efficient long-term storage method. Furthermore, they involve specific hardware overhead, such as dilution refrigerators.

[0044] In contrast, trapped ions offer low interaction with the environment and provide a much longer coherence time than superconducting qubits. However, trapped ions have a relatively long gate time. Furthermore, trapped ions may require specific hardware, such as lasers or magnetic fields, and they are immersed in an ultra-high vacuum. For example, a laser could be applied to induce coupling between these qubit states (for single-qubit operations) or coupling between internal qubit states and external motion states (e.g., for entanglement between qubits).

[0045] Two significant tasks in quantum computing involve the processing and storage of information. The teachings here offer a hybrid architecture involving both superconducting qubits and trapped ions, thereby balancing the benefits of both technologies for a more efficient overall quantum computing device. In a quantum hybrid system, quantum computing processes (such as quantum logic gates) can be implemented in one technology while the other can be used to store information for a longer duration. However, hybrid systems present different challenges. Much of the process for a superconducting qubit takes place in a cold environment (e.g., in a cryogenic chamber), while the microwave signal of the qubit is ultimately measured at room temperature. The amplitude and / or phase of the returned / output microwave signal carry information about the qubit's state, such as whether the qubit has been phase-shifted to ground or is in an excited state. The microwave signal carrying quantum information about the qubit's state is typically weak (e.g., on the order of a few microwave photons). To measure this weak signal using room-temperature electronics (i.e., outside of a refrigerated environment), low-noise quantum limiting amplifiers (QLAs) (such as Josephson amplifiers and traveling-wave parametric amplifiers (TWPAs)) can be used as preamplifiers (i.e., the first amplification stage) at the output of the quantum system to amplify the quantum signal while adding a minimum amount of noise specified by quantum mechanics to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the output chain. In addition to Josephson amplifiers, certain Josephson microwave components using Josephson amplifiers or Josephson mixers (such as Josephson circulators, Josephson isolators, and Josephson mixers) can be used in scalable quantum processors.

[0046] A qubit system may include one or more readout resonators coupled to the qubit. The readout resonator may be a transmission line that includes a capacitive connection to ground on one side and is shorted to ground on the other side (as in a quarter-wavelength resonator), or it may have a capacitive connection to ground (as in a half-wavelength resonator), resulting in oscillations within the transmission line, where the resonant frequency of these oscillations is close to the frequency of the qubit. For example, the readout resonator affects pulses from control / measuring instruments at the readout resonator frequency. This pulse acts as a measurement that decoheres with the qubit and breaks it down to a "one" or "zero" state, thereby imparting a phase shift to the measurement pulse.

[0047] Coupled resonators, sometimes referred to here as coupler resonators or RIP buses, can be used between qubits to couple different qubits together to implement quantum logic gates. Coupled resonators are typically structurally similar to readout resonators. However, more complex designs are possible. When a qubit is implemented as a transmon, each side of the coupled resonator is coupled (e.g., capacitively or inductively) to the corresponding qubit by being sufficiently close to it (e.g., its capacitor). Since each side of the coupled resonator has a coupling with a corresponding different qubit, the two qubits are coupled together through this coupled resonator. In this way, there is a mutual dependence in the states between the coupled qubits, allowing one coupled resonator to control the state of another qubit using the state of one qubit. Entanglement occurs when the interaction between two qubits makes their states not independently identifiable but only identifiable for the entire system. In this way, the states of the two qubits are linked together, such that a measurement of one of these qubits causes the state of the other qubit to collapse.

[0048] Overall, in superconducting qubits, performance increases as temperature decreases, for example by reducing the number of remaining thermally excited qubits and reducing the thermal broadening of the transition frequencies of these qubits. Therefore, the lower the temperature, the better the superconducting quantum processor. Superconducting qubits are thus accommodated in cryogenic environments.

[0049] In contrast, trapped ions are typically not operated in low-temperature cryogenic environments (dilution refrigerators). Typical trapped ion devices operate at room temperature in ultra-high vacuum chambers or in small helium-4 cryostats. It is known that trapped ions at approximately ~4K exhibit better coherence and gate fidelity compared to room-temperature trapped ions, which are independent of the ion species. Ion preparation is usually performed by heating the atomic source material in an oven, followed by photoionization.

[0050] A captured-ion quantum computer is a type of quantum computer in which ions or charged atomic particles are confined and suspended in free space using electromagnetic fields. Quantum bits can be stored in the stable electronic states of each ion. Quantum information derived from this can be transmitted through the collective quantized motion of the ions by applying a laser beam within a shared trap. The ions can be cooled by the laser. In one embodiment, the ions trapped in an ultra-high vacuum have weak interactions with their environment and can be easily guided by a magnetic field. Superconducting qubits provide fast gates and are well-suited for rapid processing, such as that found in quantum processors.

[0051] It has been recognized that networks of quantum processors can be developed by leveraging some of the benefits of both trapped ions and superconducting qubits in a hybrid architecture. Combining two qubit embodiments in an experimental setting can serve as an excellent testbed for frequency conversion between GHz and light and terahertz frequencies. Therefore, the teachings of this paper provide methods and systems for coordinating the two technologies in a conventional dilution refrigerator.

[0052] In one respect, the teachings herein are based on the applicant's insight that directly applying conventional integrated circuit techniques used for interacting with computing elements to superconducting quantum circuits (whether involving trapped ions or superconducting qubits) may be ineffective due to the unique challenges presented by trapped ions and quantum circuits (challenges not present in classical computing architectures). Therefore, embodiments of this disclosure are further based on the understanding that the unique problems of quantum circuits have been considered when evaluating the suitability of conventional integrated circuit techniques for constructing superconducting quantum circuits and ion traps, and especially in selecting methods and architectures for efficient interaction with these two types of qubits.

[0053] Example Architecture

[0054] Figure 1 An example architecture 100 of a quantum computing system conforming to an illustrative embodiment is shown. This architecture 100 includes a quantum processor comprising trapped ions (i.e., qubits) 112 and superconducting qubits 114 within one of nested chambers 120 of a cooling unit, which may be a dilution refrigerator 110. A dilution refrigerator is a cryogenic device that provides continuous cooling to temperatures typically around 10 mK. A large portion of the physical volume of architecture 100 is due to the large size of the cooling unit 110. To achieve near-absolute zero temperatures for system operation, the cooling unit 110 may use a mixture of He3-H4 as a coolant. In one embodiment, the superconducting qubits 112 are in a chamber 122, which is further nested within a common chamber 120, thereby allowing the superconducting qubits to be at a temperature lower than that of the trapped ions 112. Each of the nested chambers 202 to 212 of the dilution refrigerator 110 provides a gradually cooling environment, discussed in more detail later.

[0055] In one embodiment, a measurement and control unit 130 is located outside the cooling unit 110. This measurement and control unit 130 is capable of communicating with the quantum computing system via multiple microwave-carrying coaxial cables and DC control lines extending from the lowest temperature stage of the dilution refrigerator to the exterior of the measurement and control unit. It will be understood that although a single line is shown, it represents not only a single wire but also multiple connectors for ion trapping setups and for superconducting qubit setups. In various embodiments, the connectors are of various types: microwave, DC, and fiber optic.

[0056] For ion trapping control, a series of optical fibers are added, extending from the cold plate to the outside of the dilution cryostat. Both the coaxial cable and the optical fibers are hermetically sealed at the top of the cryostat, thus separating the ambient atmospheric pressure from the vacuum pressure of the operating cryostat.

[0057] The teachings in this paper can be applied to a variety of applications, including but not limited to networks of quantum processors with memory nodes, and quantum transduction and quantum computing applications between the THz optical communication and GHz communication domains.

[0058] Example diagram

[0059] Figure 2 An architecture consistent with the illustrative embodiment is shown for a hybrid setup 200, which includes a superconducting quantum computer and an ion-trapping quantum computer within a shared dilution refrigerator. The hybrid architecture 200 is situated in a refrigerated environment, which may be the dilution refrigerator. The refrigerated environment comprises multiple nested chambers 204, 206, 208, 210, and 212, each providing a gradually cooling environment from room temperature 201 outside the dilution refrigerator 200 to approximately 10 to 20 mK in the hybrid chamber 212.

[0060] In one embodiment, an external vacuum shield 202 is present. The external vacuum shield 202, sometimes referred to herein as a first chamber, houses nested chambers 204 to 212. The second chamber 204 is a 50K shield, thereby holding its contents at approximately 40-50K. The third chamber 206 is a 4K shield, thereby holding its contents at approximately 3.5 to 4K. The fourth chamber 208 comprises a stationary shield / chamber at approximately 700 to 800 mK. The fifth chamber 210 includes a cold plate (CP) flange 220 at approximately 100 mK.

[0061] The fifth chamber 210 includes an ion trap 224 and a detection system for ions. The detection system may be an optical fiber 226 mounted on an XYZ positioner, its movement controlled with micrometer precision. The ion trap 224 is mounted on the cold plate flange of a dilution refrigerator. In one embodiment, the ion trap 224 and the optical fiber 226 are housed in a supplementary copper (Cu) shield 222 coated with a superconducting material, sometimes referred to herein as a copper can. Ion detection is performed in the fifth chamber 210 at the temperature of the cold plate. These superconducting qubits are thermally heated to the mixing plate and housed within the sixth chamber 212 (sometimes referred to herein as the mixing chamber). The fifth chamber 210 is at a temperature higher than that of the nested mixing chamber 212. In one embodiment, ion detection is performed via the optical fiber 226 located below the ion trap 224. In other embodiments, the ion trap performing ion detection may be anchored to the cold plate of the fifth chamber 210 at approximately 100 mK or to the sixth (i.e., mixing) chamber 212. In another embodiment, the ion trap 224 may be anchored to the CP stationary flange 220.

[0062] Ions are generated and evaporated from the stationary flange 220 onto the ion trap 224. In one embodiment, a copper (Cu) shield 222, sometimes referred to herein as a copper pot, surrounds the ion trap 224. The copper shield 222 is configured for thermal and radiation shielding. The copper shield 222 may include apertures for wiring (e.g., fiber and ion beam inlets, DC, etc.). In one embodiment, the copper shield may be coated with a superconducting layer. In various embodiments, the copper shield 222 may be mounted on cold plate shielding and stationary shielding.

[0063] The ion evaporation oven can be anchored on a stationary flange 220 or a 4K flange, where the cooling power is higher. Ions are guided towards the trapping region (ion trap 224) via capillary tubes. A laser beam can be focused towards the ion trap 224 using an optical fiber 226 or free space for ion qubit control and detection. The uniform magnetic field used to confine the ions is generated by a Helmholtz coil made of superconducting material and anchored within a 222 copper shield around the ion trap. In one embodiment, where the optical fiber or other detection embodiment is mounted on a cryopositioner that allows precise movement in the horizontal x, y, or vertical z directions with micrometer-level accuracy, the cryopositioner can be used to move the ion detection portion of the setup. A close proximity position below the ion trap for detection setup will significantly improve ion detection efficiency. In another embodiment, detection can be performed using a highly efficient single-photon detector operating at temperatures from 100 mK to 300 mK. Some types of detectors are cryogenic nanowire detectors, transition edge sensors, or kinetic inductive detectors. These types of detectors can be installed below the cold plate and anchored to the top of the mixing plate, or they can be installed on a bracket suspended from the cold plate.

[0064] As described above, the sixth (hybrid) chamber 212 houses the superconducting qubit and associated microwave control / filtering circuitry. In one embodiment, the qubit 234 in the sixth chamber 212 is coupled to other components for microwave control, such as directional couplers, filters, isolators, attenuators, circulators, amplifiers, and other supporting circuitry for the superconducting qubit 234, as indicated by blocks 230 and 232. The architecture 200 of this setup is modular because the superconducting qubit quantum processor is contained within the cryogenic chamber 212 and protected from potentially harmful radiation from the ion trap 224.

[0065] exist Figure 2 In the hybrid architecture 200, a superconducting qubit quantum computer (represented by qubit 234 and support circuits 230 and 232) and an ion-trapping quantum computer (represented by ion trap 224 and optical fiber 226) can be controlled and operate in the same cryogenic environment (e.g., chamber 208). As discussed above, cryogenic ion-trapping settings at low temperatures (e.g., <1K) can produce qubits with longer lifetimes and gates with higher fidelity and quantum efficiency. Architecture 200 provides direct ion qubit detection (via optical fiber 226) with higher efficiency by positioning the superconducting qubit 234 in close proximity to the ion trap 224. In one embodiment, the detected photons can be directed toward a frequency-converting setting and converted into microwave radiation, which can be used, for example, for superconducting qubit control within the same architecture.

[0066] Example process

[0067] Building upon the foregoing overview of the example architecture, it may now be helpful to consider a more advanced discussion of the example process. To this end, Figure 3 An illustrative process related to integrating superconducting qubits and trapped ion systems into the same dilution refrigerator is presented.

[0068] At frame 302, the dilution refrigerator is provided with multiple chambers. Each of these chambers is nested, with the temperature gradually decreasing as the nesting deepens.

[0069] At box 304, the captured ion computing device, including the first set of qubits, is housed in a given chamber among the multiple chambers of the dilution refrigerator.

[0070] At box 306, a superconducting computing device, including a second set of superconducting qubits, is placed in a given chamber within a plurality of chambers of a dilution refrigerator. By placing the superconducting computing device adjacent to the trapped ion computing device in the same dilution refrigerator, a hybrid architecture can be developed for quantum computing and communication applications.

[0071] in conclusion

[0072] Various embodiments of this teaching have been described for illustrative purposes, but are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein has been chosen to best explain the principles of the embodiments, their practical application, or technical improvements to technologies found in the market, or to enable those skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0073] While the content considered to be the best state and / or other instances has been described above, it should be understood that various modifications may be made therein, and the subject matter disclosed herein can be implemented in different forms and instances, and the teachings can be applied to many applications, of which only some have been described herein. The appended claims are intended to claim protection for any and all applications, modifications, and variations falling within the true scope of this teaching.

[0074] The components, steps, features, purposes, benefits, and advantages discussed herein are illustrative only. They, and the discussions associated with them, are not intended to limit the scope of protection. While various advantages have been discussed herein, it will be understood that not all embodiments are necessarily required to include all advantages. Unless otherwise stated, all measurements, values, ratings, positions, amplitudes, sizes, and other specifications set forth in this specification (including in the following claims) are approximate and imprecise. They are intended to have a reasonable range of functionality associated with them and consistent with functionality customary in the art to which they pertain.

[0075] Many other embodiments are also conceived. These include embodiments with fewer, additional, and / or different components, steps, features, purposes, benefits, and advantages. These also include embodiments in which components and / or steps are arranged and / or ordered differently.

[0076] Various aspects of this disclosure are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this disclosure. It should be understood that each block of the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer-readable program instructions.

[0077] These computer-readable program instructions may be provided to a processor of a suitably configured computer, special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions / actions specified in one or more blocks of a flowchart and / or block diagram. These computer-readable program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that causes a computer, programmable data processing apparatus, and / or other device to function in a certain way, such that the computer-readable storage medium storing the instructions comprises an article of manufacture containing instructions that implement aspects of the functions / actions specified in one or more blocks of a flowchart and / or block diagram.

[0078] Computer-readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device to produce computer-implemented processing, such that the instructions executed on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device perform the functions / actions specified in one or more boxes of a flowchart and / or block diagram.

[0079] The calling flows, flowcharts, and block diagrams in this document illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to different embodiments of this disclosure. Each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, including one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. In some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order than those marked in the diagram. For example, depending on the functions involved, two consecutively shown blocks may actually execute substantially simultaneously, or these blocks may sometimes execute in reverse order. It should also be noted that each block in a block diagram and / or flowchart, and combinations of blocks in block diagrams and / or flowcharts, can be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or action or executes a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0080] Although the foregoing has been described in conjunction with exemplary embodiments, it should be understood that the term "exemplary" means only as an example, and not the best or optimal. Nothing stated or shown beyond what is immediately stated above is intended or should be construed as causing any contribution or public equivalent of any component, step, feature, object, benefit, advantage, or advantage, whether or not it is stated in the claims.

[0081] It should be understood that the terms and expressions used herein have their general meanings as assigned to their respective corresponding queries and fields of study, unless otherwise specified herein. Relational terms such as "first" and "second" may be used merely to distinguish one entity or action from another, without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between these entities or actions. The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but may also include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element beginning with "an" or "a" does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0082] An abstract of this disclosure is provided to allow the reader to quickly determine the nature of this technical disclosure. It is submitted under the understanding that it is not intended to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. Furthermore, as can be seen from the above detailed description, various features are combined in various embodiments for the purpose of simplification. The method of this disclosure should not be construed as reflecting an intention to have more features than expressly recited in each claim of the claimed embodiments. Rather, as reflected in the following claims, the inventive subject matter lies in fewer than all features of a single disclosed embodiment. Therefore, the following claims are hereby incorporated into the detailed description, wherein each claim is independently claimed as a separate subject matter.

Claims

1. A quantum computing system, comprising: A dilution refrigeration unit, comprising multiple chambers; An ion-trapping computing device includes a first set of qubits in a given chamber of a plurality of chambers of the dilution refrigerator, the first set of qubits being configured to trap ions; A superconducting computing device includes a second set of superconducting qubits within a mixing chamber of a plurality of chambers in a dilution refrigerator, wherein the mixing chamber is further nested within a given chamber, thereby allowing the second set of superconducting qubits of the superconducting computing device to be at a temperature lower than the temperature of the trapped ions, and the mixing chamber of the dilution refrigerator providing a cooler environment than the given chamber. The captured ion computing device is housed in a copper canister, independent of the hybrid chamber, within the given chamber. The copper canister is configured for thermal and radiation shielding and includes one or more apertures for fiber optic and ion beam inlets.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The mixing chamber is at 10 to 20 mK; and The given chamber is at 100 mK.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the hybrid chamber further comprises a plurality of filters and / or isolators coupled to the second set of superconducting qubits.

4. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the plurality of chambers are nested and comprise: External vacuum shielding; A second chamber nested within the external vacuum shield; A third chamber nested within the second chamber; A fourth chamber nested within the third chamber; A fifth chamber, corresponding to the given chamber and nested within the fourth chamber; and The sixth chamber corresponds to the mixing chamber.

5. The system according to claim 4, wherein: The external vacuum shield is a 300K shield; The second chamber is shielded with 50K; The third chamber is 4K shielded; The fourth chamber is shielded at 700 to 800 mK; The fifth chamber is shielded at 100 mK; and The sixth chamber is shielded at 10 mK to 20 mK.

6. The system according to claim 4, wherein, The given chamber includes one or more optical fibers coupled to an ion trap of the ion computing device.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the ion trap is anchored to a stationary flange within the third chamber.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the stationary flange is at 700 mK to 800 mK.

9. The system of claim 6, wherein the ion trap is anchored on a 4K flange.

10. The system of claim 6, wherein the ion trap is anchored to the cold plate of the fifth chamber.

11. A method for quantum computing, comprising: Provide a dilution refrigerator with multiple chambers; The trapping ion computing device, including a first set of qubits, is housed in a given chamber among the multiple chambers of the dilution refrigerator, the first set of qubits being configured to trap ions; A superconducting computing device, including a second set of superconducting qubits, is provided in a mixing chamber within multiple chambers of the dilution refrigerator. This mixing chamber is further nested within a given chamber, thereby allowing the second set of superconducting qubits of the superconducting computing device to be at a temperature lower than the temperature of the trapped ions. The mixing chamber of the dilution refrigerator provides a cooler environment than the given chamber. The captured ion computing device is housed in a copper canister, independent of the hybrid chamber, within the given chamber. The copper canister is configured for thermal and radiation shielding and includes one or more apertures for fiber optic and ion beam inlets.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising: Provides external vacuum shielding for the dilution refrigerator at 300K; The second chamber of the plurality of chambers is operated with a 50K shield; The third chamber among the plurality of chambers is operated with 4K shielding; The fourth chamber among the plurality of chambers is operated with a shielding of 700 to 800 mK; The fifth chamber among the plurality of chambers is operated with a 100mK cold plate shield. as well as The sixth chamber of the plurality of chambers is operated with a shielding of 10 to 20 mK.

13. The method of claim 11 or 12, further comprising coupling an optical fiber to an ion trap of the ion computing device in the given chamber.

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