A method and apparatus for data testing

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of data testing method and device, it is related to big data technical field.The specific embodiment of the method includes: obtaining test request in test environment;According to the test request, test data is obtained;Test rule is tested in the test environment using the test data;In the case where test passes, the test rule is imported into the production environment, to calculate production data using the test rule;Wherein, the configuration information of the test environment and the production environment is identical.This embodiment is configured by the same test environment and production environment, ensures that the rule deployment environment of test environment and production environment is identical, can be directly deployed to production environment by the test rule that test passes, without needing to convert rule or content.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of big data technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for data testing. Background Technology

[0002] For new business rules in various fields, they need to be tested before practical application to determine their feasibility and effectiveness. In existing rule testing processes, offline testing is typically employed. This involves manually acquiring partial test data to test the rule, and then deploying it to the production environment if the test passes, so that the rule can be applied to calculate real-world data.

[0003] However, because data in the production environment is constantly changing—meaning test data is not synchronized with actual data—rules obtained through offline testing using only partial test data may still have problems in real-world applications. Furthermore, test environments typically differ from production environments, necessitating rule format or content conversion during deployment. This can lead to inconsistencies between the converted rules and the rules that passed testing, further impacting the rules' feasibility in practical applications. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for data testing. By configuring the testing environment and the production environment in the same way, the rule deployment environment of the testing environment and the production environment are the same. Test rules that have passed the test can be directly deployed to the production environment without the need for rule or content conversion.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, a method for data testing is provided.

[0006] An embodiment of the present invention provides a data testing method comprising: obtaining a test request in a test environment; obtaining test data according to the test request; testing test rules in the test environment using the test data; and, if the test passes, importing the test rules into the production environment to perform calculations on the production data using the test rules; wherein the configuration information of the test environment and the production environment are the same.

[0007] Optionally, obtaining test data according to the test request includes: obtaining test data from the production environment according to the test request.

[0008] Optionally, obtaining test data from the production environment according to the test request includes: obtaining message data corresponding to the test request from the production environment; deleting the message header from the message data and adding preset fields to the message data to generate initial data; and processing the initial data by calling a Perl or SQL script to generate the test data.

[0009] Optionally, the data processing includes at least one of: removing outliers from the initial data, data integrity verification, and data merging.

[0010] Optionally, the step of processing the initial data by calling a Perl or SQL script includes: matching the initial data with the call log in the first engine, determining data integrity based on the matching result; and merging the initial data according to the business type to generate test data corresponding to the business type.

[0011] Optionally, the method further includes: deploying a first engine and a second engine in the test environment and the production environment, respectively; obtaining the test request through the first engine; and importing the test rules into the second engine.

[0012] Optionally, importing the test rules into the second engine for production includes: exporting a rule package containing the test rules from the first engine; and copying the rule package into the second engine using a copy script in robotic process automation (RPA).

[0013] Optionally, obtaining the test request through the first engine includes: monitoring the first engine in real time using robotic process automation (RPA) technology; and generating the test request when the first engine is detected to be invoked.

[0014] Optionally, the test request includes: a test type; the step of testing the test rule in the test environment using the test data includes: determining the target test type to be tested; filtering out target test rules belonging to the target test type from multiple test rules; determining target test data according to the target test rule; and testing the target test rule in the test environment using the target test data.

[0015] To achieve the above objectives, according to another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for data testing is provided.

[0016] An embodiment of the present invention provides a data testing apparatus comprising: an acquisition module for acquiring a test request in a test environment and acquiring test data according to the test request; a testing module for testing test rules in the test environment using the test data; and an import module for importing the test rules into the production environment if the test passes, so as to use the test rules to perform calculations on the production data; wherein the configuration information of the test environment and the production environment is the same.

[0017] To achieve the above objectives, according to another aspect of the present invention, an electronic device for data testing is provided.

[0018] An electronic device for data testing according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: one or more processors; and a storage device for storing one or more programs, wherein when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement a data testing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] To achieve the above objectives, according to another aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided.

[0020] An embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the program, when executed by a processor, implements a data testing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] To achieve the above objectives, according to another aspect of the present invention, a computer program product is provided.

[0022] A computer program product according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a computer program, characterized in that, when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements a data testing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] One embodiment of the above invention has the following advantages or beneficial effects: by configuring the test environment and the production environment in the same way, the rule deployment environment of the test environment and the production environment is the same, and the test rules that have passed the test can be directly deployed to the production environment without the need for rule or content conversion.

[0024] The further effects of the aforementioned unconventional alternative methods will be explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The accompanying drawings are provided to better understand the invention and are not intended to unduly limit the scope of the invention. Wherein:

[0026] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a data testing method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the deployment of the rule engine and the application of the rule engine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the process for generating test requests according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the process for generating test data according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of verifying data integrity and the data merging process according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the process of importing test rules into a second engine for production according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the batch testing process according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the main modules of a data testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 9 This is an exemplary system architecture diagram in which embodiments of the present invention can be applied;

[0035] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer system suitable for implementing terminal devices or servers of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrates exemplary embodiments of the present invention, including various details to aid understanding. These details should be considered merely exemplary. Therefore, those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Similarly, for clarity and brevity, descriptions of well-known functions and structures are omitted in the following description.

[0037] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments of the present invention and the technical features thereof can be combined with each other.

[0038] It should be noted that the acquisition, storage, use, and processing of data in this application comply with the relevant provisions of national laws and regulations. The acquisition, storage, and application of user personal information involved also comply with the relevant laws and regulations and do not violate public order and good morals.

[0039] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram illustrating the main steps of a data testing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, the data testing method of this invention mainly includes the following steps:

[0041] Step S101: Obtain the test request in the test environment;

[0042] Step S102: Obtain test data according to the test request;

[0043] Step S103: Test the test rules in the test environment using the test data;

[0044] Step S104: If the test passes, import the test rules into the production environment to perform calculations on the production data using the test rules; wherein the configuration information of the test environment and the production environment is the same.

[0045] The test environment is used to test the test rules, while the production environment is the environment in which the test rules are actually used after they have passed the test. By setting the configuration information of the test environment and the production environment to be the same, this embodiment of the invention ensures that the test rules that have passed the test can be directly imported from the test environment to the production environment.

[0046] If the test fails, no further import work is required. In one optional embodiment, an alarm message can be sent to the tester to indicate the test failure or problems that occurred during the test.

[0047] In one optional embodiment, the rule engine can be deployed in both the test and production environments. The rule engine is used to test test rules in the test environment and to enable the production environment to use the passed test rules. The rule engine, evolved from the inference engine, is a component embedded in the application that separates business decisions from application code and uses predefined semantic modules to write business decisions. It accepts data input, interprets business rules, and makes business decisions based on those rules. That is, the method is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, it also includes:

[0048] Step S201: Deploy the first engine and the second engine in the test environment and the production environment respectively;

[0049] Step S202: Obtain the test request through the first engine;

[0050] Step S203: Import the test rules into the second engine.

[0051] In a further optional embodiment, the test request in step S101 can be initiated manually or automatically by the first engine, such as... Figure 3 As shown, step S202 may further include:

[0052] Step S301: Monitor the first engine in real time using robotic process automation technology;

[0053] Step S302: When the first engine is detected to be invoked, generate a test request.

[0054] Robotic process automation (RPA) is a technology that uses robots to automate background tasks that simulate human workers. By deploying scripts that simulate human processes, various activities and tasks can be executed autonomously. When an RPA robot detects an upstream system calling the first engine of the test environment, it can generate test requests in real time and start data testing.

[0055] It should be noted that the test data obtained in step S102 of this embodiment of the invention is obtained from the production environment according to the test request. The specific acquisition process can be as follows: Figure 4 As shown, it includes:

[0056] Step S401: Obtain the message data corresponding to the test request from the production environment;

[0057] Step S402: Delete the message header from the message data and add preset fields to the message data to generate initial data;

[0058] Step S403: Process the initial data by calling a Perl or SQL script to generate test data.

[0059] In one optional embodiment, the process of acquiring test data described above is also implemented using robotic process automation (RPA). In some production environments, such as banking systems, test data consists of user transaction data. Typically, the daily transaction data can only be exported one by one on T+1 day or during settlement. Furthermore, the production environment itself cannot integrate the data; subsequent departments need to integrate the data and generate transaction logs before exporting it. Therefore, the timeliness of data acquisition is low. By introducing the RPA technology in this embodiment of the invention, real-time acquisition and processing of message data allows for real-time data capture and storage as test data, reducing the need for background data synchronization and significantly improving efficiency.

[0060] In an optional embodiment, the data processing in step S403 includes at least one of: removing outliers from the initial data, verifying data integrity, and merging data. Preferably, the removal of outliers from the initial data, data integrity verification, and data merging are performed sequentially. Outliers may include values ​​with excessive data deviation and null values. The specific processes for verifying data integrity and merging data are as follows: Figure 5 As shown, it includes:

[0061] Step S501: Match the initial data with the call log in the first engine, and determine the data integrity based on the matching result;

[0062] Step S502: Merge the initial data according to the business type to generate test data corresponding to the business type.

[0063] Through the above process, the initial data obtained in real time from the production environment can be processed to obtain real and valid test data that can be used for testing.

[0064] For the process of importing test rules into the second engine for production in step S104, in one optional embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, it includes:

[0065] Step S601: Export the rule package containing the test rules from the first engine;

[0066] Step S602: Copy the rule package to the second engine using the copy script in the robotic process automation technology.

[0067] In this context, a rule package can be understood as a file package containing one or more test rules. Because the configuration information of the test environment and the production environment is identical, the rule package can be automatically imported from the first engine to the second engine. Furthermore, through robotic process automation (Robotic Process Automation), the rule package can be automatically copied via a copy script. This avoids the risks associated with reconfiguration due to differences in development methods between the test and production environments, which could lead to misunderstandings or limited development skills among personnel. In other words, it avoids the risk of secondary processing, ensuring the consistency of the rules themselves and the application environment.

[0068] In an optional embodiment, the test request may further include the type of test rule, and batch tests are performed on test rules of the same type according to the type of test rule, specifically as follows: Figure 7 As shown, it includes:

[0069] Step S701: Determine the target test type to be tested;

[0070] Step S702: Select the target test rules that belong to the target test type from multiple test rules;

[0071] Step S703: Determine the target test data according to the target test rules;

[0072] Step S704: Test the target test rule in the test environment using the target test data.

[0073] For example, test rule types can be pre-configured in the first engine and the second engine, and then the target test rule can be determined according to the test type. At the same time, the correspondence between test rules and test data can be pre-stored so that after the target test type is obtained, the target test data can be directly obtained according to the stored correspondence.

[0074] According to the data testing method of the present invention, by configuring the test environment and the production environment in the same way, the rule deployment environment of the test environment and the production environment are the same, and the test rules that have passed the test can be directly deployed to the production environment without the need for rule or content conversion.

[0075] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the main modules of a data testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0076] like Figure 8 As shown, the data testing apparatus 800 of this embodiment includes:

[0077] The acquisition module 801 is used to acquire test requests in the test environment and acquire test data according to the test requests.

[0078] Test module 802 is used to test the test rules in the test environment using the test data;

[0079] Import module 803 is used to import the test rules into the production environment when the test passes, so as to use the test rules to calculate the production data; wherein the configuration information of the test environment and the production environment are the same.

[0080] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the acquisition module 801 is further configured to acquire test data from the production environment according to the test request.

[0081] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the acquisition module 801 is further configured to: acquire message data corresponding to the test request from the production environment; delete the message header in the message data and add a preset field to the message data to generate initial data; and generate the test data by calling a Perl or SQL script to process the initial data.

[0082] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the data processing includes at least one of: removing outliers from the initial data, data integrity verification, and data merging.

[0083] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the acquisition module 801 is further configured to: match the initial data with the call log in the first engine, determine the data integrity based on the matching result; and merge the initial data according to the business type to generate test data corresponding to the business type.

[0084] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus further includes a deployment module for deploying a first engine and a second engine in the test environment and the production environment, respectively; the acquisition module 801 is further configured to acquire the test request through the first engine; and the import module 803 is further configured to import the test rules into the second engine.

[0085] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the import module 803 is further configured to export a rule package containing the test rules from the first engine; and copy the rule package to the second engine using a copy script in robotic process automation technology.

[0086] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the acquisition module 801 is further configured to monitor the first engine in real time using robotic process automation technology; and generate the test request when the first engine is detected to be invoked.

[0087] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the test request includes: a type of test rule; the import module 803 is further configured to: determine the target test type to be tested; filter out the target test rule belonging to the target test type from multiple test rules; determine target test data according to the target test rule; and test the target test rule in the test environment using the target test data.

[0088] The data testing apparatus according to embodiments of the present invention ensures that the rule deployment environment of the test environment and the production environment are the same by configuring the test environment and the production environment in the same way. Test rules that have passed the test can be directly deployed to the production environment without the need for rule or content conversion.

[0089] Figure 9 An exemplary system architecture 900 is shown, which can be applied to a data testing method or a data testing apparatus according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0090] like Figure 9As shown, system architecture 900 may include terminal devices 901, 902, and 903, network 904, and server 905. Network 904 is used as a medium to provide a communication link between terminal devices 901, 902, and 903 and server 905. Network 904 may include various connection types, such as wired or wireless communication links or fiber optic cables, etc.

[0091] Users can use terminal devices 901, 902, and 903 to interact with server 905 via network 904 to receive or send data. Various communication client applications can be installed on terminal devices 901, 902, and 903, such as shopping applications, web browser applications, search applications, instant messaging tools, email clients, and social media platforms.

[0092] Terminal devices 901, 902, and 903 can be various electronic devices with displays that support web browsing, including but not limited to smartphones, tablets, laptops, and desktop computers.

[0093] Server 905 can be a server that provides various services, such as a backend management server that supports test requests sent by users using terminal devices 901, 902, and 903. The backend management server can analyze and process the received test requests and other data, and feed back the processing results (such as test results) to the terminal devices.

[0094] It should be noted that the data testing method provided in the embodiments of the present invention is generally executed by server 905, and correspondingly, the data testing device is generally set in server 905.

[0095] It should be understood that Figure 9 The number of terminal devices, networks, and servers shown is merely illustrative. Depending on implementation needs, any number of terminal devices, networks, and servers can be included.

[0096] The following is for reference. Figure 10 It shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer system 1000 suitable for implementing a terminal device of the present invention. Figure 10 The terminal device shown is merely an example and should not impose any limitations on the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0097] like Figure 10As shown, the computer system 1000 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 1001, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 1002 or a program loaded from a storage section 1008 into a random access memory (RAM) 1003. The RAM 1003 also stores various programs and data required for the operation of the system 1000. The CPU 1001, ROM 1002, and RAM 1003 are interconnected via a bus 1004. An input / output (I / O) interface 1005 is also connected to the bus 1004.

[0098] The following components are connected to I / O interface 1005: an input section 1006 including a keyboard, mouse, etc.; an output section 1007 including a cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD), etc., and speakers, etc.; a storage section 1008 including a hard disk, etc.; and a communication section 1009 including a network interface card such as a LAN card, modem, etc. The communication section 1009 performs communication processing via a network such as the Internet. A drive 1010 is also connected to I / O interface 1005 as needed. A removable medium 1011, such as a disk, optical disk, magneto-optical disk, semiconductor memory, etc., is installed on drive 1010 as needed so that computer programs read from it can be installed into storage section 1008 as needed.

[0099] In particular, according to the embodiments disclosed in this invention, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts can be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments disclosed in this invention include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a computer-readable medium, the computer program containing program code for performing the methods shown in the flowcharts. In such embodiments, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via communication section 1009, and / or installed from removable medium 1011. When the computer program is executed by central processing unit (CPU) 1001, it performs the functions defined in the system of this invention.

[0100] It should be noted that the computer-readable medium shown in this invention can be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium, or any combination thereof. A computer-readable storage medium can be, for example,—but not limited to—an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of a computer-readable storage medium may include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage device, magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. In this invention, a computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. In this invention, a computer-readable signal medium can include a data signal propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, carrying computer-readable program code. Such propagated data signals can take various forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. Computer-readable signal media can also be any computer-readable medium other than computer-readable storage media, which can send, propagate, or transmit a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The program code contained on the computer-readable medium can be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to: wireless, wire, optical fiber, RF, etc., or any suitable combination thereof.

[0101] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions indicated in the blocks may occur in a different order than those indicated in the drawings. For example, two consecutively indicated blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in a block diagram or flowchart, and combinations of blocks in a block diagram or flowchart, may be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or operation, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0102] The modules described in the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in software or hardware. The described modules can also be housed in a processor; for example, a processor can be described as including an acquisition module, a test module, and an import module. The names of these modules do not necessarily limit the module itself; for example, the acquisition module can also be described as "a module for acquiring test requests in a test environment."

[0103] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a computer-readable medium, which may be included in the device described in the above embodiments; or it may exist independently and not assembled into the device. The computer-readable medium carries one or more programs that, when executed by the device, cause the device to include: acquiring a test request in a test environment; and acquiring test data according to the test request.

[0104] The test rules are tested in the test environment using the test data; if the test passes, the test rules are imported into the production environment to calculate the production data using the test rules; wherein the configuration information of the test environment and the production environment is the same.

[0105] According to the technical solution of the present invention, by configuring the test environment and the production environment to be identical, the rule deployment environment of the test environment and the production environment is the same, and the test rules that have passed the test can be directly deployed to the production environment without the need for rule or content conversion.

[0106] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can occur depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for data testing, characterized in that, include: Obtain test requests in the test environment; The process of obtaining test data from the production environment according to the test request includes: obtaining message data corresponding to the test request from the production environment; deleting the message header from the message data and adding preset fields to the message data to generate initial data; and processing the initial data by calling a Perl or SQL script to generate the test data. The test environment is used to test the test rules, while the production environment is the environment in which the test rules are actually used after they have passed testing. The configuration information of the test environment and the production environment is the same. The test rules are tested in the test environment using the test data. If the test passes, the test rules are imported into the production environment to perform calculations on the production data.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data processing includes at least one of the following: removing outliers from the initial data, verifying data integrity, and merging data.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The data processing of the initial data by calling a Perl or SQL script includes: The initial data is matched with the call logs in the first engine, and the data integrity is determined based on the matching results; The initial data is merged according to the business type to generate test data corresponding to the business type.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first engine and the second engine are deployed in the test environment and the production environment, respectively. The test request is obtained through the first engine; Import the test rules into the second engine.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of importing the test rules into the second engine used for production includes: Export a rule package containing the test rules from the first engine; The rule package is copied into the second engine using a copy script in robotic process automation (RoMA) technology.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of obtaining the test request through the first engine includes: The first engine is monitored in real time using robotic process automation technology; The test request is generated when the first engine is detected to be invoked.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The test request includes: the type of test rule; the testing of the test rule in the test environment using the test data includes: Determine the target test type to be tested; Select the target test rule that belongs to the target test type from multiple test rules; Determine the target test data according to the target test rules; The target test rules are tested in the test environment using the target test data.

8. A data testing apparatus, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire test data from the production environment according to the test request, including: acquiring message data corresponding to the test request from the production environment; deleting the message header from the message data and adding preset fields to the message data to generate initial data; and processing the initial data by calling a Perl or SQL script to generate the test data; wherein, the test environment is the environment used to test the test rules, and the production environment is the environment in which the test rules are actually applied after they have passed the test; wherein, the configuration information of the test environment and the production environment is the same; The testing module is used to test the test rules in the test environment using the test data; The import module is used to import the test rules into the production environment if the test passes, so as to use the test rules to calculate the production data.

9. The apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that, The acquisition module is also used to acquire test data from the production environment according to the test request.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that, The acquisition module is further configured to: acquire message data corresponding to the test request from the production environment; delete the message header from the message data and add preset fields to the message data to generate initial data; and process the initial data by calling a Perl or SQL script to generate the test data.

11. An electronic device for data testing, characterized in that, include: One or more processors; Storage device for storing one or more programs. When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

12. A computer-readable medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

13. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

Images