Seismic acquisition data monitoring method and apparatus, medium and electronic device

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a seismic acquisition data monitoring method and device, a storage medium and an electronic device, wherein the method comprises: obtaining a plurality of original single shot data, each of which comprises a plurality of amplitude values corresponding to a plurality of seismic traces; for each original single shot data, if any one of the amplitude values corresponding to at least one seismic trace is greater than a preset amplitude value, remove the one amplitude value, and obtain the remaining amplitude values corresponding to the plurality of seismic traces as target single shot data; based on each target single shot data, calculate the first average absolute value amplitude corresponding to the plurality of seismic traces in the first time window, calculate the second average absolute value amplitude corresponding to the plurality of seismic traces in the second time window, and determine the energy value of each single shot based on the ratio of the first average absolute value amplitude and the second average absolute value amplitude corresponding to the plurality of seismic traces; compare the energy value of each single shot with the preset energy value to determine the energy value of the target single shot less than the preset energy value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of seismic exploration technology, and in particular to a seismic acquisition data monitoring method, a seismic acquisition data monitoring device, and a computer-readable storage medium and electronic device for implementing the seismic acquisition data monitoring method. Background Technology

[0002] In seismic data processing, energy analysis is generally used to evaluate acquired data in order to reflect the quality characteristics of the acquired data. In field monitoring, energy analysis serves as one of the methods for quantitatively evaluating the quality of acquired seismic data, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of the energy variation patterns in the data by examining points, lines, and surfaces.

[0003] There are two main energy analysis methods in related technologies: one is to calculate the average amplitude of a single shot record to form a distribution map, and the other is to use the root mean square of the amplitude values ​​of a single shot within a region for calculation and analysis. Regardless of the method, current methods directly calculate the energy values ​​of each seismic trace of a single shot within a time window, and then analyze and statistically analyze single shot records with weak energy.

[0004] However, the raw seismic acquisition records contain noise data, such as background interference, various noises, and significant waves mixed together. Some of this noise is particularly strong, affecting the identification of individual shot energy levels. Therefore, current energy analysis methods struggle to accurately identify weak energy single-shot records. Other energy analysis methods require the establishment of a standard shot database. The establishment of a standard shot database requires data from the work area to have significant regional characteristics, involves numerous influencing factors, has certain limitations, and is complex and costly to implement. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a method for monitoring seismic acquisition data, a device for monitoring seismic acquisition data, and a computer-readable storage medium and electronic device for implementing the method for monitoring seismic acquisition data, thereby overcoming, to at least to some extent, one or more problems caused by the limitations and defects of related technologies.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a method for monitoring seismic acquisition data is provided, the method comprising:

[0007] Acquire multiple raw single-shot data, each of which includes at least multiple amplitude values ​​corresponding to multiple seismic traces;

[0008] For each of the original single-shot data, if any one of the multiple amplitude values ​​corresponding to at least one seismic trace is greater than a preset amplitude value, then that amplitude value is removed to obtain the remaining amplitude values ​​corresponding to each of the multiple seismic traces and use them as the target single-shot data.

[0009] Based on the single-shot data of each target, the first average absolute amplitude corresponding to multiple seismic traces within the first time window is calculated, and the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to multiple seismic traces within the second time window is calculated. Based on the ratio of the first average absolute amplitude to the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to the multiple seismic traces, the energy value of each single shot is determined. The first time window and the second time window have the same length.

[0010] The energy value of each individual gun is compared with a preset energy value to determine the energy value of the target individual gun that is less than the preset energy value.

[0011] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the method further includes:

[0012] When determining the energy value of the target single shot, monitoring and verification information is generated to instruct on-site personnel to promptly verify and confirm the target single shot.

[0013] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, before removing any one of the multiple amplitude values ​​corresponding to at least one seismic trace from each of the original single-shot data sources to obtain the remaining amplitude values ​​corresponding to each of the multiple seismic traces and using them as target single-shot data, the method further includes:

[0014] Each of the original single-shot data is compensated to make the shallow, medium and deep energies represented by the original single-shot data more consistent.

[0015] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the compensation process includes at least a spherical diffusion compensation process.

[0016] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, determining the energy value of each single shot based on the ratio of the first average absolute amplitude to the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to the plurality of seismic traces includes:

[0017] The ratio of the first average absolute amplitude to the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to the plurality of seismic traces is subjected to median filtering to obtain the target ratio corresponding to the plurality of seismic traces;

[0018] Based on the target ratios corresponding to the multiple seismic traces, the energy value of each single shot is determined.

[0019] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the first time window and the second time window are two consecutive time windows.

[0020] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the target single-shot data within the first time window includes noise data.

[0021] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a seismic acquisition data monitoring device, the device comprising:

[0022] The data acquisition module is used to acquire multiple raw single-shot data, each of which includes at least multiple amplitude values ​​corresponding to multiple seismic traces.

[0023] The data processing module is used to, for each of the original single-shot data, if any one of the multiple amplitude values ​​corresponding to at least one seismic trace is greater than a preset amplitude value, remove that amplitude value to obtain the remaining amplitude values ​​corresponding to each of the multiple seismic traces and use them as the target single-shot data.

[0024] The energy calculation module is used to calculate the first average absolute amplitude corresponding to multiple seismic traces within a first time window based on the single-shot data of each target, and to calculate the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to multiple seismic traces within a second time window. Based on the ratio of the first average absolute amplitude and the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to the multiple seismic traces, the energy value of each single shot is determined. The first time window and the second time window have the same length.

[0025] The single-gun identification module is used to compare the energy value of each single gun with a preset energy value and determine the energy value of the target single gun that is less than the preset energy value.

[0026] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the device further includes a monitoring and verification module, used to generate monitoring and verification information when the single-gun identification module determines the energy value of the target single gun, so as to instruct on-site personnel to verify and confirm the target single gun in a timely manner.

[0027] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the device may further include a compensation processing module, used to perform compensation processing on each of the original single-shot data before the data processing module removes any one of the multiple amplitude values ​​corresponding to at least one seismic trace from each of the original single-shot data, and obtains the remaining amplitude values ​​corresponding to each of the multiple seismic traces as target single-shot data, so as to make the shallow, medium and deep energy represented by the original single-shot data tend to be consistent.

[0028] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the compensation processing module includes at least spherical diffusion compensation processing.

[0029] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the energy calculation module determines the energy value of each shot based on the ratio of the first average absolute amplitude to the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to the plurality of seismic traces, including:

[0030] The ratio of the first average absolute amplitude to the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to the plurality of seismic traces is subjected to median filtering to obtain the target ratio corresponding to the plurality of seismic traces;

[0031] Based on the target ratios corresponding to the multiple seismic traces, the energy value of each single shot is determined.

[0032] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the first time window and the second time window are two consecutive time windows.

[0033] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the target single-shot data within the first time window includes noise data.

[0034] Thirdly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the seismic acquisition data monitoring method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0035] Fourthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide an electronic device, including:

[0036] Processor; and

[0037] A memory on which computer programs are stored;

[0038] Wherein, when the processor executes the computer program, it implements the earthquake acquisition data monitoring method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0039] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this disclosure may include the following beneficial effects:

[0040] The seismic acquisition data monitoring method, apparatus, storage medium, and electronic device provided in this embodiment acquire multiple raw single-shot data, each raw single-shot data including at least multiple amplitude values ​​corresponding to multiple seismic traces; for each raw single-shot data, if any one of the multiple amplitude values ​​corresponding to at least one seismic trace is greater than a preset amplitude value, then that amplitude value is removed to obtain the remaining amplitude values ​​corresponding to each of the multiple seismic traces and used as target single-shot data; based on each target single-shot data, a first average absolute amplitude corresponding to multiple seismic traces within a first time window is calculated, and a second average absolute amplitude corresponding to multiple seismic traces within a second time window is calculated; based on the ratio of the first average absolute amplitude to the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to the multiple seismic traces, the energy value of each single shot is determined, wherein the first and second time windows have the same length; the energy value of each single shot is compared with a preset energy value to determine the energy value of a target single shot that is less than the preset energy value. In this way, when calculating the energy value of each single shot, the strong amplitude data in multiple seismic traces in the original single shot data are not included in the calculation, thereby eliminating the influence of strong energy waves on the single shot energy calculation. Combined with the single shot energy ratio analysis method, the energy value of the weak single shot record, i.e. the target single shot, can be accurately identified, which improves the accuracy of single shot energy statistical identification. Moreover, there is no need to establish a standard shot database. Therefore, it has a wide range of applications, is relatively simple to implement, and has low implementation cost. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure of a seismic acquisition data monitoring method is shown.

[0042] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a time window selected in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure is shown;

[0043] Figure 3 This diagram illustrates the median filtering result in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0044] Figure 4 This shows a schematic diagram of the single-shot energy distribution plane obtained by traditional methods.

[0045] Figure 5 This diagram illustrates a planar statistical distribution of single-gun energy in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure.

[0046] Figure 6 This diagram illustrates the distribution of weak single-shot weapons as statistically derived from an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure.

[0047] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a seismic acquisition data monitoring device illustrating an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0048] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an exemplary electronic device of this disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0049] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that this disclosure will be more comprehensive and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0050] Furthermore, the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative of this disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and therefore repeated descriptions of them will be omitted. Some block diagrams shown in the drawings are functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically independent entities.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] This example embodiment provides a method for monitoring seismic acquisition data. This method can be applied to electronic devices such as computers or servers, and may include the following steps:

[0053] Step S101: Obtain multiple raw single-shot data, each of the raw single-shot data includes at least multiple amplitude values ​​corresponding to multiple seismic traces.

[0054] Specifically, multiple raw single-shot data can be acquired from one or more seismic data acquisition instruments deployed at the work site. For an understanding of seismic data acquisition instruments, please refer to existing technologies; details will not be elaborated here. For example, each raw single-shot data may include the total number of seismic traces, trace length, and amplitude spectrum (containing multiple amplitude values) for each trace. Each seismic trace may include multiple sample points, and each sample point may also correspond to sample point values; these details can be understood using existing technologies; further elaboration will not be provided here.

[0055] Step S102: For each of the original single-shot data, if any one of the multiple amplitude values ​​corresponding to at least one seismic trace is greater than a preset amplitude value, then remove that amplitude value to obtain the remaining amplitude values ​​corresponding to each of the multiple seismic traces and use them as the target single-shot data.

[0056] For example, the preset amplitude value can be set as needed and is not limited thereto. In this embodiment, for each of the original single-shot data, if any one of the multiple amplitude values ​​corresponding to at least one seismic trace is greater than the preset amplitude value, then that amplitude value is removed, that is, data from seismic traces in the original single-shot data that do not contain strong amplitudes are selected for calculation. Since surface waves and refracted waves have strong amplitude characteristics, they interfere with single-shot energy statistics. Based on the difference between such interfering waves and effective waves in the time-space domain, the seismic record data is divided into two parts: a first part containing surface waves and refracted waves and a second part not containing surface waves and refracted waves. Energy statistics are only performed on the data of the second part that does not contain surface waves and refracted waves, thus eliminating the interference of strong energy waves on single-shot energy statistics.

[0057] Step S103: Based on the single-shot data of each target, calculate the first average absolute amplitude corresponding to multiple seismic traces within the first time window, and calculate the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to multiple seismic traces within the second time window. Based on the ratio of the first average absolute amplitude and the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to the multiple seismic traces, determine the energy value of each single shot. The first time window and the second time window have the same length.

[0058] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the first time window W1 and the second time window W2 can be two consecutive time windows. Specifically, for each target single-shot data, an average time position t is selected based on the first arrival and take-off time, and the first arrival of each receiver point is flattened to this position t. 0 to t is used as time window W1, and the data within this time window may include noise data. The average absolute amplitude a corresponding to each channel i within time window W1 is calculated. i The time window W2 is defined as t to 2t. The data within this time window represents the actual recorded valid data. The average absolute amplitude value b corresponding to each channel i within the time window W2 is calculated. i Then, calculate the ratio c of the average absolute amplitude of each channel i within the window when the lengths from the initial bottom to the initial top are the same. i =b i / a i Then, based on the ratio c of the average absolute amplitude of each channel i... i =b i / a i Determine the energy value for each individual shot. If the total number of seismic traces is N greater than 2, then the value of i is 1, 2, ..., N.

[0059] Step S104: Compare the energy value of each single gun with a preset energy value, and determine the energy value of the target single gun that is less than the preset energy value.

[0060] For example, a preset energy value can be set as needed. It serves as a threshold value to identify single guns with weaker energy. If the calculated energy value of a single gun is less than the preset energy value, then it is the target single gun, i.e., the single gun with weaker energy.

[0061] The seismic acquisition data monitoring method provided in this embodiment does not include strong amplitude data from multiple seismic traces in the original single-shot data when calculating the energy value of each single shot, thereby eliminating the influence of strong energy waves on the single-shot energy calculation. Combined with the single-shot energy ratio analysis method, it can accurately identify the energy value of the target single shot, which is the single-shot record with weak energy, thus improving the accuracy of single-shot energy statistical identification. Moreover, it does not require the establishment of a standard shot database, so it has a wide range of applications, is relatively simple to implement, and has low implementation cost.

[0062] To improve the effectiveness of single-gun energy statistics, some embodiments consider the impact of background noise, such as noise data within time window W1 and abnormal amplitudes of strong noise, on single-gun energy statistics while calculating single-gun energy. Specifically, without denoising the original single-gun data, the impact of strong noise on single-gun energy statistics is reduced. After removing strong amplitude data, background noise is considered when calculating single-gun energy changes. This is calculated by the ratio of the total data recorded from the beginning to the end of a single gun to the background noise of the single gun, as described above as the ratio of the first and second average absolute amplitudes. This accounts for the impact of background noise on single-gun energy statistics, further improving the accuracy of single-gun energy statistical identification.

[0063] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the method further includes: generating monitoring and verification information when determining the energy value of the target single shot, to instruct on-site personnel to promptly verify and confirm the target single shot. This means applying the statistically identified extremely weak energy single shots to on-site seismic acquisition data quality assessment and safety checks, thereby improving safety. The monitoring and verification information may be, but is not limited to, text, audio, or other similar information.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] This embodiment includes the content of the aforementioned embodiment, the difference being that in step S102, for each of the original single-shot data, if any one of the multiple amplitude values ​​corresponding to at least one seismic trace is greater than a preset amplitude value, then that amplitude value is removed to obtain the remaining amplitude values ​​corresponding to each of the multiple seismic traces and use them as target single-shot data. Before this is done, each of the original single-shot data is compensated to make the shallow, medium, and deep energy represented by the original single-shot data more consistent. Then, steps S103 to S104 are executed.

[0066] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the compensation process may include, but is not limited to, spherical diffusion compensation processing. For details regarding spherical diffusion compensation processing, please refer to the prior art.

[0067] In this embodiment, when calculating the energy value of each single shot, after compensating each original single shot data, the strong amplitude data in multiple seismic traces in each original single shot data after compensation are not included in the calculation, thereby eliminating the influence of strong energy waves on the single shot energy calculation. At the same time, combined with the single shot energy ratio analysis method, the energy value of the weak single shot record, i.e., the target single shot, can be more accurately identified, further improving the accuracy of single shot energy statistical identification. Moreover, there is no need to establish a standard shot database, so it has a wide range of applications, is relatively simple to implement, and has low implementation cost.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] This embodiment includes the content of any of the foregoing embodiments, the difference being that in step S103, the energy value of each single shot is determined based on the ratio of the first average absolute amplitude to the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to the plurality of seismic traces. Specifically, this may include the following steps:

[0070] Step i): Perform median filtering on the ratio of the first average absolute amplitude and the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to the multiple seismic traces to obtain the target ratio corresponding to the multiple seismic traces.

[0071] Step ii): Determine the energy value of each shot based on the target ratio corresponding to the multiple seismic traces.

[0072] For example, the ratio c corresponding to each trajectory i of each single shot. i Median filtering is performed to remove extreme outliers, yielding the target ratio d. i Then, for each shot, the target ratio d corresponding to each trajectory i is... i Summing and then averaging yields the energy value of a single cannon.

[0073] Median filtering is an effective method for eliminating random noise in nonlinear signal processing based on order statistics theory. It addresses the problem of some extreme values ​​appearing in the ratios calculated for different shots and tracks. By processing the median, the influence of a few abnormal ratios on the statistical data is eliminated, making the statistical results more accurate. This can further improve the accuracy of single-shot energy statistical identification. Moreover, it does not require the establishment of a standard shot database, so it has a wide range of applications, is relatively simple to implement, and has low implementation costs.

[0074] Exemplary embodiments

[0075] In the exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, strong amplitude interference affecting the actual energy value of a single shot is removed. A single-shot energy ratio analysis method is used to statistically analyze the energy values ​​of each seismic trace. Median filtering is applied to the ratios of different seismic traces for each single shot, thereby statistically analyzing the single-shot energy distribution characteristics of the entire work area. A threshold value is selected based on the actual situation to identify the distribution of single shots with weaker energy. This solution can evaluate field data in real time, monitor and guide field data acquisition to improve the quality of raw data. By statistically identifying abnormal single shots, it guides timely on-site implementation, ensuring the safety of field construction.

[0076] Specifically, the solution of the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure includes the following steps:

[0077] 1. Input the raw single-shot data;

[0078] 2. Perform spherical diffusion compensation processing on the input raw single-shot data to make the shallow, medium and deep energies of the single shot tend to be consistent;

[0079] 3. Select seismic traces from the original single-shot data after compensation processing that do not contain strong amplitudes;

[0080] 4. Based on the initial arrival and take-off time of the selected data, select an average time position t, and flatten the initial arrival of each receiver point to that position;

[0081] 5. Using 0 to t as the time window W1, the data within this time window represents the background noise region. Calculate the average absolute amplitude value a corresponding to each channel i within the time window W1. i ;

[0082] 6. Take t to 2t as the time window W2. The data within this time window is the actual recorded valid data. Calculate the average absolute amplitude value b corresponding to each channel i within the time window W2. i ;

[0083] 7. Calculate the ratio c of the average absolute amplitude of each channel i within the window when the lengths from the initial bottom to the initial top are the same. i =b i / a i ;

[0084] 8. For each shot, the corresponding c i The value is processed by median filtering to remove extreme outliers, resulting in d. i ;

[0085] 9. For each shot, the corresponding d... i The energy value of the cannon is obtained by summing and averaging the values.

[0086] 10. Based on the specific data, set a threshold value, compare the single guns that acquire weaker energy, and monitor the data collected on site.

[0087] The solution of this example embodiment has at least the following advantages compared to related technologies:

[0088] (1) Single-gun energy statistics do not require setting up a standard single-gun database, and the statistical accuracy is higher.

[0089] (2) Apply the statistically determined weak energy single shot to the quality assessment and safety inspection of the field data to improve safety.

[0090] Figure 2 This diagram illustrates the selection of time windows after removing strong amplitude interference from the original single-shot data, specifically the selection of seismic traces within time windows W1 and W2 used in the calculation. Figure 3 To remove outlier ratios, median filtering was performed on the calculated ratios of each seismic trace.

[0091] like Figure 4 As shown, the energy distribution of a single shot in this example embodiment is more precise. Traditional methods include strong amplitude noise in the statistics, resulting in a strong energy distribution of a single shot over a wide range. Specifically, for a particular shot, the traditional method would classify it as having a relatively strong energy range, while the energy value of the single shot using the present invention is 20, which is considered a relatively weak energy shot. From the perspective of a single shot, there is strong surface wave interference, but the overall effective signal is indeed weak, indicating that the statistical scheme of this example embodiment is more reasonable.

[0092] Figure 5 This corresponds to the single-gun situation for different energy values ​​statistically analyzed in this example embodiment. Figure 5 The energy value of the single gun on the left side is larger, while the energy value of the single gun on the right side is smaller, and the statistical effect is more obvious.

[0093] Figure 6 This is a statistical distribution of weak single-shot units in the scheme of this example embodiment. The black dots represent weak single-shot units with abnormal energy. The abnormal weak single-shot units in the black part need to be verified on-site in a timely manner.

[0094] It should be noted that although the steps of the method in this disclosure are described in a specific order in the accompanying drawings, this does not require or imply that these steps must be performed in that specific order, or that all the steps shown must be performed to achieve the desired result. Additional or alternative steps may be omitted, multiple steps may be combined into one step, and / or a step may be broken down into multiple steps. Furthermore, it is readily understood that these steps may be executed synchronously or asynchronously, for example, in multiple modules / processes / threads.

[0095] Example 4

[0096] This disclosure provides an earthquake data acquisition monitoring device, such as... Figure 7 The seismic data acquisition monitoring device shown includes:

[0097] Data acquisition module 901 is used to acquire multiple raw single-shot data, each of the raw single-shot data includes at least multiple amplitude values ​​corresponding to multiple seismic traces;

[0098] The data processing module 902 is used to, for each of the original single-shot data, if any one of the multiple amplitude values ​​corresponding to at least one seismic trace is greater than a preset amplitude value, remove that amplitude value to obtain the remaining amplitude values ​​corresponding to each of the multiple seismic traces and use them as target single-shot data.

[0099] The energy calculation module 903 is used to calculate the first average absolute amplitude corresponding to multiple seismic traces within a first time window based on the single-shot data of each target, and to calculate the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to multiple seismic traces within a second time window. Based on the ratio of the first average absolute amplitude and the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to the multiple seismic traces, the energy value of each single shot is determined. The first time window and the second time window have the same length.

[0100] The single-gun identification module 904 is used to compare the energy value of each single gun with a preset energy value and determine the energy value of the target single gun that is less than the preset energy value.

[0101] Specifically, multiple raw single-shot data can be acquired from one or more seismic data acquisition instruments deployed at the work site. For an understanding of seismic data acquisition instruments, please refer to existing technologies; details will not be elaborated here. For example, each raw single-shot data may include the total number of seismic traces, trace length, and amplitude spectrum (containing multiple amplitude values) for each trace. Each seismic trace may include multiple sample points, and each sample point may also correspond to sample point values; these details can be understood using existing technologies; further elaboration will not be provided here.

[0102] For example, the preset amplitude value can be set as needed and is not limited thereto. In this embodiment, for each of the original single-shot data, if any one of the multiple amplitude values ​​corresponding to at least one seismic trace is greater than the preset amplitude value, then that amplitude value is removed, that is, data from seismic traces in the original single-shot data that do not contain strong amplitudes are selected for calculation. Since surface waves and refracted waves have strong amplitude characteristics, they interfere with single-shot energy statistics. Based on the difference between such interfering waves and effective waves in the time-space domain, the seismic record data is divided into two parts: a first part containing surface waves and refracted waves and a second part not containing surface waves and refracted waves. Energy statistics are only performed on the data of the second part that does not contain surface waves and refracted waves, thus eliminating the interference of strong energy waves on single-shot energy statistics.

[0103] The first time window W1 and the second time window W2 can be two consecutive time windows. Specifically, for each target single-shot data, an average time position t is selected based on the first arrival and hop time, and the first arrival of each receiver point is flattened to this position t. 0 to t is used as time window W1, and the data within this time window may include noise data. The average absolute amplitude a corresponding to each channel i within time window W1 is calculated. i The time window W2 is defined as t to 2t. The data within this time window represents the actual recorded valid data. The average absolute amplitude value b corresponding to each channel i within the time window W2 is calculated. i Then, calculate the ratio c of the average absolute amplitude of each channel i within the window when the lengths from the initial bottom to the initial top are the same. i =b i / a i Then, based on the ratio c of the average absolute amplitude of each channel i... i =b i / a i Determine the energy value for each individual shot. If the total number of seismic traces is N greater than 2, then the value of i is 1, 2, ..., N.

[0104] For example, a preset energy value can be set as needed. It serves as a threshold value to identify single guns with weaker energy. If the calculated energy value of a single gun is less than the preset energy value, then it is the target single gun, i.e., the single gun with weaker energy.

[0105] The seismic acquisition data monitoring device provided in this embodiment does not include strong amplitude data from multiple seismic traces in the original single-shot data when calculating the energy value of each single shot, thereby eliminating the influence of strong energy waves on the single-shot energy calculation. Combined with the single-shot energy ratio analysis method, it can accurately identify the energy value of the target single shot, which is the single-shot record with weak energy, thus improving the accuracy of single-shot energy statistical identification. Moreover, it does not require the establishment of a standard shot database, so it has a wide range of applications, is relatively simple to implement, and has low implementation cost.

[0106] To improve the effectiveness of single-gun energy statistics, some embodiments consider the impact of background noise, such as noise data within time window W1 and abnormal amplitudes of strong noise, on single-gun energy statistics while calculating single-gun energy. Specifically, without denoising the original single-gun data, the impact of strong noise on single-gun energy statistics is reduced. After removing strong amplitude data, background noise is considered when calculating single-gun energy changes. This is calculated by the ratio of the total data recorded from the beginning to the end of a single gun to the background noise of the single gun, as described above as the ratio of the first and second average absolute amplitudes. This accounts for the impact of background noise on single-gun energy statistics, further improving the accuracy of single-gun energy statistical identification.

[0107] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the device further includes a monitoring and verification module, which generates monitoring and verification information when the single-gun identification module 904 determines the energy value of the target single gun, so as to instruct on-site personnel to verify and confirm the target single gun in a timely manner.

[0108] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the apparatus may further include a compensation processing module, used to perform compensation processing on each of the original single-shot data before the data processing module 902 removes any one of the multiple amplitude values ​​corresponding to at least one seismic trace if it is greater than a preset amplitude value, thereby obtaining the remaining amplitude values ​​corresponding to each of the multiple seismic traces and using them as target single-shot data, so as to make the shallow, medium and deep energy represented by the original single-shot data tend to be consistent.

[0109] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the compensation processing module includes at least spherical diffusion compensation processing.

[0110] In this embodiment, when calculating the energy value of each single shot, after compensating each original single shot data, the strong amplitude data in multiple seismic traces in each original single shot data after compensation are not included in the calculation, thereby eliminating the influence of strong energy waves on the single shot energy calculation. At the same time, combined with the single shot energy ratio analysis method, the energy value of the weak single shot record, i.e., the target single shot, can be more accurately identified, further improving the accuracy of single shot energy statistical identification. Moreover, there is no need to establish a standard shot database, so it has a wide range of applications, is relatively simple to implement, and has low implementation cost.

[0111] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the energy calculation module 903 determines the energy value of each shot based on the ratio of the first average absolute amplitude to the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to the plurality of seismic traces, including:

[0112] The ratio of the first average absolute amplitude to the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to the plurality of seismic traces is subjected to median filtering to obtain the target ratio corresponding to the plurality of seismic traces;

[0113] Based on the target ratios corresponding to the multiple seismic traces, the energy value of each single shot is determined.

[0114] For example, the ratio c corresponding to each trajectory i of each single shot. i Median filtering is performed to remove extreme outliers, yielding the target ratio d. i Then, for each shot, the target ratio d corresponding to each trajectory i is... i Summing and then averaging yields the energy value of a single cannon.

[0115] Median filtering is an effective method for eliminating random noise in nonlinear signal processing based on order statistics theory. It addresses the problem of some extreme values ​​appearing in the ratios calculated for different shots and tracks. By processing the median, the influence of a few abnormal ratios on the statistical data is eliminated, making the statistical results more accurate. This can further improve the accuracy of single-shot energy statistical identification. Moreover, it does not require the establishment of a standard shot database, so it has a wide range of applications, is relatively simple to implement, and has low implementation costs.

[0116] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the first time window and the second time window are two consecutive time windows.

[0117] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the target single-shot data within the first time window includes noise data.

[0118] Regarding the apparatus in the above embodiments, the specific methods by which each module performs operations and the corresponding technical effects have been described in detail in the embodiments related to the method, and will not be elaborated here.

[0119] It should be noted that although several modules or units for the device used to perform actions have been mentioned in the detailed description above, this division is not mandatory. In fact, according to embodiments of this disclosure, the features and functions of two or more modules or units described above can be embodied in one module or unit. Conversely, the features and functions of one module or unit described above can be further divided and embodied by multiple modules or units. Components shown as modules or units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of the disclosed solution according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any inventive effort.

[0120] Example 5

[0121] This disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the following method for monitoring seismic acquisition data:

[0122] Acquire multiple raw single-shot data, each of which includes at least multiple amplitude values ​​corresponding to multiple seismic traces;

[0123] For each of the original single-shot data, if any one of the multiple amplitude values ​​corresponding to at least one seismic trace is greater than a preset amplitude value, then that amplitude value is removed to obtain the remaining amplitude values ​​corresponding to each of the multiple seismic traces and use them as the target single-shot data.

[0124] Based on the single-shot data of each target, the first average absolute amplitude corresponding to multiple seismic traces within the first time window is calculated, and the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to multiple seismic traces within the second time window is calculated. Based on the ratio of the first average absolute amplitude to the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to the multiple seismic traces, the energy value of each single shot is determined. The first time window and the second time window have the same length.

[0125] The energy value of each individual gun is compared with a preset energy value to determine the energy value of the target individual gun that is less than the preset energy value.

[0126] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the method further includes:

[0127] When determining the energy value of the target single shot, monitoring and verification information is generated to instruct on-site personnel to promptly verify and confirm the target single shot.

[0128] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, before removing any one of the multiple amplitude values ​​corresponding to at least one seismic trace from each of the original single-shot data sources to obtain the remaining amplitude values ​​corresponding to each of the multiple seismic traces and using them as target single-shot data, the method further includes:

[0129] Each of the original single-shot data is compensated to make the shallow, medium and deep energies represented by the original single-shot data more consistent.

[0130] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the compensation process includes at least a spherical diffusion compensation process.

[0131] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, determining the energy value of each single shot based on the ratio of the first average absolute amplitude to the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to the plurality of seismic traces includes:

[0132] The ratio of the first average absolute amplitude to the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to the plurality of seismic traces is subjected to median filtering to obtain the target ratio corresponding to the plurality of seismic traces;

[0133] Based on the target ratios corresponding to the multiple seismic traces, the energy value of each single shot is determined.

[0134] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the first time window and the second time window are two consecutive time windows.

[0135] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the target single-shot data within the first time window includes noise data.

[0136] For example, the readable storage medium may be, but is not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of readable storage media (a non-exhaustive list) include: electrical connections having one or more wires, portable disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0137] The computer-readable storage medium may include data signals propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, carrying readable program code. Such propagated data signals may take various forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. The readable storage medium may also be any readable medium other than a readable storage medium, capable of transmitting, propagating, or transmitting programs for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The program code contained on the readable storage medium may be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to wireless, wired, optical fiber, RF, etc., or any suitable combination thereof.

[0138] Example 6

[0139] This disclosure also provides an electronic device, such as... Figure 8 The electronic device shown includes a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, on which a computer program is stored. When the processor 1001 executes the computer program, it implements the following method for monitoring seismic acquisition data:

[0140] Acquire multiple raw single-shot data, each of which includes at least multiple amplitude values ​​corresponding to multiple seismic traces;

[0141] For each of the original single-shot data, if any one of the multiple amplitude values ​​corresponding to at least one seismic trace is greater than a preset amplitude value, then that amplitude value is removed to obtain the remaining amplitude values ​​corresponding to each of the multiple seismic traces and use them as the target single-shot data.

[0142] Based on the single-shot data of each target, the first average absolute amplitude corresponding to multiple seismic traces within the first time window is calculated, and the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to multiple seismic traces within the second time window is calculated. Based on the ratio of the first average absolute amplitude to the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to the multiple seismic traces, the energy value of each single shot is determined. The first time window and the second time window have the same length.

[0143] The energy value of each individual gun is compared with a preset energy value to determine the energy value of the target individual gun that is less than the preset energy value.

[0144] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the method further includes:

[0145] When determining the energy value of the target single shot, monitoring and verification information is generated to instruct on-site personnel to promptly verify and confirm the target single shot.

[0146] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, before removing any one of the multiple amplitude values ​​corresponding to at least one seismic trace from each of the original single-shot data sources to obtain the remaining amplitude values ​​corresponding to each of the multiple seismic traces and using them as target single-shot data, the method further includes:

[0147] Each of the original single-shot data is compensated to make the shallow, medium and deep energies represented by the original single-shot data more consistent.

[0148] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the compensation process includes at least a spherical diffusion compensation process.

[0149] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, determining the energy value of each single shot based on the ratio of the first average absolute amplitude to the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to the plurality of seismic traces includes:

[0150] The ratio of the first average absolute amplitude to the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to the plurality of seismic traces is subjected to median filtering to obtain the target ratio corresponding to the plurality of seismic traces;

[0151] Based on the target ratios corresponding to the multiple seismic traces, the energy value of each single shot is determined.

[0152] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the first time window and the second time window are two consecutive time windows.

[0153] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the target single-shot data within the first time window includes noise data.

[0154] The following describes an electronic device according to this embodiment of the invention. The electronic device is manifested in the form of a general-purpose computing device. The components of the electronic device may include, but are not limited to: at least one processing unit, at least one storage unit, a bus connecting different system components (including the storage unit and the processing unit), a display unit, etc.

[0155] The storage unit stores program code that can be executed by the processing unit, causing the processing unit to perform the steps described in the above-described section on the seismic acquisition data monitoring method according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention. For example, the processing unit can perform actions such as... Figure 1 The steps of the seismic acquisition data monitoring method shown are illustrated.

[0156] The storage unit may include a readable medium in the form of a volatile storage unit, such as a random access memory (RAM) and / or a cache storage unit, and may further include a read-only memory (ROM).

[0157] The storage unit may also include a program / utility having a set (at least one) of program modules, including but not limited to: an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data, each or some combination of these examples may include an implementation of a network environment.

[0158] A bus can represent one or more of several types of bus structures, including a memory cell bus or memory cell controller, a peripheral bus, a graphics acceleration port, a processing unit, or a local bus that uses any of the various bus structures.

[0159] The electronic device can also communicate with one or more external devices (e.g., keyboards, pointing devices, Bluetooth devices, etc.), one or more devices that enable a user to interact with the electronic device, and / or any device that enables the electronic device to communicate with one or more other computing devices (e.g., routers, modems, etc.). This communication can be performed via input / output (I / O) interface 650. Furthermore, the electronic device can communicate with one or more networks (e.g., local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and / or public networks, such as the Internet) via a network adapter. The network adapter can communicate with other modules of the electronic device via a bus. It should be understood that other hardware and / or software modules can be used in conjunction with the electronic device, including but not limited to: microcode, device drivers, redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays, RAID systems, tape drives, and data backup storage systems.

[0160] From the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will readily understand that the exemplary embodiments described herein can be implemented by software or by combining software with necessary hardware. Therefore, the technical solutions according to the embodiments of this disclosure can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (such as a CD-ROM, USB flash drive, external hard drive, etc.) or on a network, including several instructions to cause a computing device (such as a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the above-described earthquake acquisition data monitoring method according to the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0161] The computer-readable storage medium and electronic device provided in this disclosure do not include strong amplitude data from multiple seismic traces in the original single-shot data when calculating the energy value of each shot, thereby eliminating the influence of strong energy waves on the single-shot energy calculation. Combined with the single-shot energy ratio analysis method, the energy value of the weak single-shot record, i.e., the target single-shot, can be accurately identified, improving the accuracy of single-shot energy statistical identification. Moreover, there is no need to establish a standard shot database, so it has a wide range of applications, is relatively simple to implement, and has low implementation cost.

[0162] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0163] In summary, other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this disclosure are indicated by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring seismic acquisition data, characterized in that, The method includes: Acquire multiple raw single-shot data, each of which includes at least multiple amplitude values ​​corresponding to multiple seismic traces; Each of the original single-shot data is compensated to make the shallow, medium and deep energies represented by the original single-shot data more consistent; the compensation process includes at least spherical diffusion compensation. For each of the original single-shot data, if any one of the multiple amplitude values ​​corresponding to at least one seismic trace is greater than a preset amplitude value, then that amplitude value is removed to obtain the remaining amplitude values ​​corresponding to each of the multiple seismic traces and use them as the target single-shot data. Based on the single-shot data of each target, the first average absolute amplitude corresponding to multiple seismic traces within the first time window is calculated, and the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to multiple seismic traces within the second time window is calculated. Based on the ratio of the first average absolute amplitude to the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to the multiple seismic traces, the energy value of each single shot is determined. The first and second time windows have the same length and are continuous. The single-shot data of the target within the first time window includes noise data. The determination of the energy value of each single shot based on the ratio of the first average absolute amplitude to the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to the multiple seismic traces includes: The ratio of the first average absolute amplitude to the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to the plurality of seismic traces is subjected to median filtering to obtain the target ratio corresponding to the plurality of seismic traces; Based on the target ratios corresponding to the multiple seismic traces, the energy value of each single shot is determined; The energy value of each individual gun is compared with a preset energy value to determine the energy value of the target individual gun that is less than the preset energy value.

2. The seismic acquisition data monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method also includes: When determining the energy value of the target single shot, monitoring and verification information is generated to instruct on-site personnel to promptly verify and confirm the target single shot.

3. A seismic data acquisition monitoring device, characterized in that, The device includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire multiple raw single-shot data, each of which includes at least multiple amplitude values ​​corresponding to multiple seismic traces. The compensation processing module is used to perform compensation processing on each of the original single-shot data to make the shallow, medium and deep energies represented by the original single-shot data tend to be consistent. The compensation processing module includes at least spherical diffusion compensation processing. The data processing module is used to, for each of the original single-shot data, if any one of the multiple amplitude values ​​corresponding to at least one seismic trace is greater than a preset amplitude value, remove that amplitude value to obtain the remaining amplitude values ​​corresponding to each of the multiple seismic traces and use them as the target single-shot data. The energy calculation module is used to calculate the first average absolute amplitude corresponding to multiple seismic traces within a first time window and the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to multiple seismic traces within a second time window based on the single-shot data of each target. Based on the ratio of the first average absolute amplitude to the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to the multiple seismic traces, the energy value of each single shot is determined. The first and second time windows have the same length and are continuous. The single-shot data of the target within the first time window includes noise data. The energy calculation module determines the energy value of each shot based on the ratio of the first average absolute amplitude to the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to the multiple seismic traces, including: The ratio of the first average absolute amplitude to the second average absolute amplitude corresponding to the multiple seismic traces is processed by median filtering to obtain the target ratio corresponding to the multiple seismic traces; based on the target ratio corresponding to the multiple seismic traces, the energy value of each single shot is determined; The single-gun identification module is used to compare the energy value of each single gun with a preset energy value and determine the energy value of the target single gun that is less than the preset energy value.

4. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the earthquake acquisition data monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 2.

5. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: processor; as well as A memory on which computer programs are stored; The processor executes the computer program to implement the earthquake acquisition data monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 2.

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