A pulse tube refrigerator with a translating piston plus inertia tube

Abstract

The present application relates to a pulse tube refrigerator with a push-piston and inertia tube, comprising a compressor unit, a cold head unit and a phase modulation mechanism unit, the compression chamber of the compressor unit is connected with a radiator in the cold head unit, the cold head unit comprises the radiator, a regenerator, a cold heat exchanger and a pulse tube connected in sequence, the pulse tube in the cold head unit is connected with the phase modulation mechanism unit, the phase modulation mechanism adopts a push-piston system and an inertia tube gas reservoir system composite phase modulation mechanism. Compared with the prior art, the present application can make the flow and pressure of the gas at the cold end of the pulse tube work at the optimal phase angle by adjusting the size of the inertia tube, and at the same time, the distribution of the input work of each stage can be considered in the multi-stage system, and high specific Carnot efficiency is maintained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to refrigeration machines, and more particularly to a pulse tube refrigeration machine with a push piston and an inertial tube. Background Technology

[0002] The pulse tube refrigerator is a regenerative gas refrigerator with no moving parts at low temperatures. It has a simple structure, low cost, and high reliability, and is widely used in cryomedicine, low-temperature superconductivity, quantum computing, military and aerospace fields.

[0003] In pulse tube refrigerators, the hot end of the pulse tube has a phase-adjusting device. Its function is to ensure an optimal phase angle between the gas flow rate and pressure at the cold end of the pulse tube, thereby maximizing the efficiency of the regenerator and ultimately the refrigerator itself. In push-piston type pulse tube refrigerators, a push-piston acts as the phase-adjusting device. The working chamber of the push-piston is connected to the hot end of the pulse tube, serving both phase-adjusting and expansion work recovery functions, theoretically achieving the same efficiency as Carnot efficiency. Therefore, the push-piston appears to be the optimal phase-adjusting device. However, its disadvantage is that once the push-piston is manufactured and assembled, it is difficult to adjust. For multi-stage systems, the push-piston cannot simultaneously handle phase adjustment and input work distribution. Summary of the Invention

[0004] An inertial tube is an empty tube with a certain length-to-diameter ratio. It uses the inertial effect caused by gas oscillation in the inertial tube to adjust the phase relationship between pressure wave and mass flow. The phase can be adjusted over a wide range, and it is especially suitable for pulse tubes with high frequency and large cooling capacity.

[0005] The improvement of this invention is the addition of an inertial tube gas reservoir phase adjustment system at the end of the pulse tube unit, which, together with the push-piston phase adjustment system, forms a composite phase adjustment mechanism. This adjusts the phase angle of the gas flow rate and pressure at the cold end of the pulse tube in the push-piston type pulse tube refrigerator, while maintaining high cooling efficiency. Simultaneously, the input power distribution can be adjusted in the multi-stage cold head.

[0006] This structure offers better adjustability. By adjusting the size of the inertial tube, the flow rate and pressure phase angle of the gas at the cold end of the pulse tube can be flexibly adjusted, allowing the refrigeration unit to operate at its most efficient point.

[0007] For multi-stage cold heads, the position of the inertial tubular gas storage phase adjustment system is flexible and can be installed individually on a specific cold head, so that the multi-stage system can simultaneously take into account phase adjustment and input power distribution.

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problem that the refrigerant in a push-piston pulse tube has poor adjustability and cannot simultaneously take into account phase adjustment and input power distribution in a multi-stage system, and to provide a pulse tube refrigerator with a push-piston and an inertia tube.

[0009] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0010] A pulse tube refrigerator with a push-piston and inertial tube configuration includes a compressor unit, a cold head unit, and a phase adjustment mechanism unit. The compressor comprises a linear motor, a compressor cylinder, and a compressor piston. The compressor piston is located inside the compressor cylinder and connected to the linear motor, forming a compression chamber between the front end of the compressor piston and the compressor cylinder. The cold head unit includes a radiator, a regenerator, a heat exchanger, and a pulse tube connected in sequence. The compression chamber of the compressor unit is connected to the radiator in the cold head unit, and the pulse tube in the cold head unit is connected to the phase adjustment mechanism unit. The phase adjustment mechanism unit employs a combined phase adjustment mechanism of a push-piston system and an inertial tube gas reservoir system.

[0011] Furthermore, the push piston system includes a push piston working chamber, which is connected to the hot end of the pulse vessel.

[0012] Furthermore, the inertial tube gas storage system includes an inertial tube and a gas storage unit, wherein one end of the inertial tube is connected to the hot end of the pulse tube, and the other end is connected to the gas storage unit.

[0013] Furthermore, the push piston system includes a push piston cylinder, a push piston, a push piston rod, a push piston rear cover, a flexible spring, and a push piston housing. The push piston rod passes through the push piston rear cover and is supported by the flexible spring. The front end of the push piston and the push piston cylinder together form the push piston working chamber.

[0014] The rear end of the push piston, together with the push piston cylinder and the push piston rear cover, forms the push piston back cavity, which is connected to the compression cavity of the compressor unit through a push piston back cavity connecting pipe.

[0015] Alternatively, the piston rod and the piston rod have the same diameter, meaning there is no back cavity for the piston rod.

[0016] The push piston system can also be further driven by an additional electric motor.

[0017] Furthermore, the aforementioned piston system is a piston rodless structure, comprising a piston cylinder, a piston, a flexible spring, a piston housing, and a piston back cavity connecting pipe. The front end of the piston and the piston cylinder together form the piston working chamber, and the rear end of the piston, together with the piston cylinder and the piston housing, forms the piston back cavity. The flexible spring is located in the piston back cavity and supports the piston.

[0018] Furthermore, the aforementioned piston system has an n-stage structure, with n piston working chambers formed between the piston and the piston cylinder, and each piston working chamber being connected to the pulse hot end of the cold head unit. n is a natural number, preferably n>1.

[0019] Furthermore, the cold head unit has an n-stage structure, and each cold head unit includes a radiator, a regenerator, a cold energy heat exchanger, and a pulse tube connected in sequence. The hot end of the pulse tube in at least one stage of the cold head is connected to the inertial tube gas storage system, or the hot end of the pulse tube in each stage of the cold head can be connected to the inertial tube gas storage system.

[0020] Furthermore, the cold head unit has a two-stage structure, including a first-stage cold head and a second-stage cold head. The first-stage cold head includes a first-stage radiator, a first-stage regenerator, a first-stage heat exchanger, and a first-stage pulse tube connected in sequence, and a first-stage pulse tube hot-end gas homogenizer can be added. The second-stage cold head includes a second-stage radiator, a second-stage first regenerator, a second-stage first heat exchanger, a second-stage second regenerator, a second-stage second heat exchanger, and a second-stage pulse tube connected in sequence, and a second-stage pulse tube hot-end gas homogenizer can be added.

[0021] Furthermore, the first-stage pulse vessel hot end is connected to the first-stage inertial tube gas reservoir, and the second-stage pulse vessel hot end is connected to the second-stage inertial tube gas reservoir.

[0022] Furthermore, the first-stage pulse vessel hot end is connected to the first-stage inertial tube gas reservoir;

[0023] Alternatively, the second-stage vascular hot end and the second-stage inertial gas reservoir can be connected.

[0024] Furthermore, the multi-stage cold heads are coupled together, with the compression chamber of the compressor unit connected to the cooler in the first-stage cold head, and the regenerator in the previous-stage cold head connected to the regenerator in the next-stage cold head.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0026] 1. This invention relates to a pulse tube refrigerator with a push-piston system and an inertial tube gas reservoir, comprising a compressor unit, a cold head unit, and a phase adjustment mechanism unit. The compressor's compression chamber is connected to a radiator in the cold head. The cold head unit is connected to the phase adjustment mechanism unit, which employs a composite phase adjustment mechanism combining a push-piston system and an inertial tube gas reservoir system. The working chamber of the push-piston system is connected to the pulse tube, and the back chamber of the push-piston system is connected to the compressor's compression chamber. Based on the phase adjustment of the push-piston system, an inertial tube gas reservoir structure is added, with the inertial tube connected to the pulse tube. As a novel composite phase adjuster, this invention solves the problem of poor adjustability in push-piston pulse tube refrigerators, which cannot simultaneously balance phase adjustment and input power distribution in multi-stage systems.

[0027] 2. This invention can adjust the size of the inertial tube to make the gas flow and pressure at the cold end of the pulse tube work at the optimal phase angle. At the same time, in a multi-stage system, it can simultaneously take into account the distribution of input power at each stage and maintain high picano efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 6 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 7 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 8 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 9 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 10 of the present invention;

[0038] In the diagram: Cold head unit 1, first-stage connecting pipe 101, first-stage radiator 102, first-stage regenerator 103, first-stage cold energy heat exchanger 104, first-stage pulse tube 105, first-stage pulse tube hot-end gas homogenizer 106; second-stage cold head 2, second-stage connecting pipe 201, second-stage radiator 202, second-stage first regenerator 203, second-stage first cold energy heat exchanger 204, second-stage second regenerator 205, second-stage second cold energy heat exchanger 206, second-stage pulse tube 207, second-stage pulse tube hot-end gas homogenizer 208; third-stage cold head 3, third-stage connecting pipe 301, third-stage radiator 302, third-stage first regenerator 303, third-stage first cold energy heat exchanger 304, third-stage second regenerator 305, third-stage second cold energy heat exchanger 306. 307. Third-stage third regenerator; 308. Third-stage third refrigeration heat exchanger; 309. Third-stage pulse tube; 310. Third-stage pulse tube cold end gas homogenizer; 4. Push piston system; 41. Push piston cylinder; 42. Push piston; 43. Push piston rod; 44. Push piston rear cover; 45. Flexible spring; 46. Push piston housing; 47. Push piston back cavity connecting pipe; 401. Push piston first working chamber; 402. Push piston second working chamber; 403. Push piston third working chamber; 404. Push piston back cavity; 48. Motor; 5. Compressor unit; 51. Compression chamber; 52. Compressor piston; 53. Compressor cylinder; 54. Linear motor; 6. Inertial tube gas storage system; 610. Inertial tube; 611. Gas storage; 62. Second-stage inertial tube gas storage system; 63. Third-stage inertial tube gas storage system. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment is a single-stage pulse tube refrigerator with a composite phasing mechanism that uses a push piston and an inertial tube gas reservoir for phasing. It includes a compressor unit 5, a cold head unit 1, a push piston system 4, and an inertial tube gas reservoir system 6.

[0042] The compressor unit 5 consists of a compressor piston 52, a compressor cylinder 53, and a linear motor 54. The compressor piston 52 and the compressor cylinder 53 together form a compression chamber 51. The compressor piston 52 is driven by the linear motor 54, and the volume of the compression chamber 51 changes periodically, thus causing the gas pressure to change in a basically sinusoidal wave pattern. The compression chamber 51 is connected to the first-stage radiator 102 in the cold head unit 1 through a first-stage connecting pipe 101, supplying gas and power to the cold head unit 1.

[0043] The cold head unit 1 comprises a first-stage connecting pipe 101, a first-stage radiator 102, a first-stage regenerator 103, a first-stage heat exchanger 104, and a first-stage pulse tube 105 connected in sequence. A gas homogenizer 106 can be added to the hot end of the first-stage pulse tube, allowing gas to flow back and forth between the components. The first-stage regenerator 103 is filled with regenerating materials such as stainless steel wire mesh, copper mesh, lead balls, or HoCu2. Gas expands within the pulse tube, performing work to generate cooling.

[0044] The right end of the first-stage pulse tube 105 (i.e., the end near the hot end gas homogenizer 106 of the first-stage pulse tube) has a high temperature and is conventionally referred to as the hot end, while the left end (i.e., the end near the first-stage cold energy heat exchanger 104) has a low temperature and is conventionally referred to as the cold end. Similarly, the left end of the first-stage regenerator 103 (i.e., the end near the first-stage radiator 102) has a high temperature and is conventionally referred to as the hot end, while the right end (i.e., the end near the first-stage cold energy heat exchanger 104) has a low temperature and is conventionally referred to as the cold end.

[0045] The aforementioned piston-pushing system 4 includes a piston-pushing cylinder 41, a piston-pushing 42, a piston-pushing rod 43, a piston-pushing rear cover 44, a flexible spring 45, a piston-pushing housing 46, and a piston-pushing back cavity connecting pipe 47. The front end of the piston-pushing cylinder 41 together forms the first working chamber 401 of the piston-pushing system, and the rear end of the piston-pushing cylinder 41 and the piston-pushing rear cover 44 together form the piston-pushing back cavity 404. The piston-pushing rod 43 passes through the piston-pushing rear cover 44 and is supported by the flexible spring 45. The piston-pushing back cavity 404 is connected to the compression chamber 51 via the piston-pushing back cavity connecting pipe 47. The first working chamber 401 of the piston-pushing system is connected to the hot end of the first-stage pulse tube 105. In this way, the expansion work of the first-stage pulse tube 105 is recovered by the piston-pushing system 4, and simultaneously, the piston-pushing system 4 can regulate the phase relationship between the flow rate and pressure of the gas at the cold end of the first-stage pulse tube 105.

[0046] The inertial tube gas storage system 6 includes an inertial tube 610 and a gas storage 611. One end of the inertial tube 610 is connected to the hot end of the first-stage pulse tube 105, and the other end is connected to the gas storage 611. The inertial tube 610 is an empty tube with a certain length-to-diameter ratio. The phase relationship between flow rate and pressure is adjusted by utilizing the inertial effect caused by gas oscillation in the inertial tube 610.

[0047] By adjusting the size of the inertia tube 610, without altering the already machined and assembled push piston system 4, the phase relationship between the gas flow rate and pressure at the hot end of the first-stage pulse tube 105 is adjusted, thereby maximizing the efficiency of the regenerator and consequently the efficiency of the refrigeration unit.

[0048] Using a conventional push-piston pulse tube refrigerator (excluding the inertial tube gas storage system, otherwise the same as in Example 1) as a comparative example, the performance of the refrigerator in this embodiment is compared with that of the comparative example as follows:

[0049] efficiency 15.8％ 15.2％ Cooling capacity 80W@101.6K 80W@123.3K

[0050] Example 2

[0051] like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment changes the push piston system in Embodiment 1 from having a push piston rod to having no push piston rod structure. It includes a push piston cylinder 41, a push piston 42, a push piston rear cover 44, a flexible spring 45, a push piston housing 46, and a push piston back cavity connecting pipe 47. The front end of the push piston 42 and the push piston cylinder 41 together form the push piston working chamber 401. The rear end of the push piston 42, together with the push piston cylinder 41 and the push piston housing 46, forms the push piston back cavity 404. The flexible spring 45 is located in the push piston back cavity 404 and supports the push piston 42.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the push piston rod 43 and the push piston 42 in the push piston system of embodiment 1 have the same diameter, that is, there is no push piston back cavity 404.

[0054] Example 4

[0055] like Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment adds an additional motor 48 to drive the piston system 4 in embodiment 1.

[0056] Example 5

[0057] like Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment is a two-stage pulse tube refrigerator with a composite phasing mechanism that uses both a push piston and an inertial tube gas reservoir for phasing. Both the cold head unit 1 and the push piston system 4 are two-stage structures.

[0058] The described cold head unit includes a first-stage cold head 1 and a second-stage cold head 2. The structure of the first-stage cold head 1 is the same as in Embodiment 1. The second-stage cold head 2 includes a second-stage connecting pipe 201, a second-stage radiator 202, a second-stage first regenerator 203, a second-stage first cooling capacity heat exchanger 204, a second-stage second regenerator 205, a second-stage second cooling capacity heat exchanger 206, and a second-stage pulse tube 207 connected in sequence. A second-stage pulse tube hot-end gas homogenizer 208 can be added. The second-stage first cooling capacity heat exchanger 204 is connected to the first-stage cooling capacity heat exchanger 104 through a second-stage thermal bridge 211. The cooling capacity of the first-stage cold head 1 is used to pre-cool the regenerator of the second-stage cold head 2, allowing the second-stage cold head 2 to reach a lower temperature.

[0059] The aforementioned piston system 4 is a two-stage structure. Its structure adds a second piston and a second piston cylinder before the piston 42 described in Embodiment 1. The front end of the piston 42 and the piston cylinder 41 form the first working chamber 401 of the piston, and the front end of the second piston and the second piston cylinder form the second working chamber 402 of the piston. The first working chamber 401 of the piston is connected to the hot end of the first-stage pulse tube 105 (i.e., the gas homogenizer 106 end of the first-stage pulse tube), and the second working chamber 402 of the piston is connected to the hot end of the second-stage pulse tube 207 (i.e., the gas homogenizer 208 end of the second-stage pulse tube).

[0060] The hot end of the first-stage pulse tube 105 is connected to the inertial tube gas storage system 6, and the hot end of the second-stage pulse tube 207 is connected to the second-stage inertial tube gas storage system 62. The inertial tube gas storage system 6 and the second-stage inertial tube gas storage system 62 have the same structure, both consisting of an inertial tube 610 and a gas storage unit 611 connected to its end.

[0061] By adjusting the dimensions of the inertia tube 610, without altering the already machined and assembled push piston system 4, the phase relationship between the gas flow rate and pressure at the hot ends of the first-stage pulse tube 105 and the second-stage pulse tube 207 can be adjusted, thereby maximizing the efficiency of the regenerator and consequently the efficiency of the refrigeration unit. Simultaneously, adjusting the dimensions of the inertia tube 610 also regulates the distribution of input work between the two stages.

[0062] Example 6

[0063] like Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the second-stage inertial gas storage system 62 in embodiment 5 is removed, and only the first-stage inertial gas storage system 6 is retained.

[0064] lowest temperature 52.7K / 15.6K 57.3K / 18.9K Cooling capacity 5W@29.2K 4W@32.7K

[0065] Example 7

[0066] like Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, the first-stage inertial tubular gas storage system 6 in embodiment 5 is removed, and only the second-stage inertial tubular gas storage system 62 is retained.

[0067] Example 8

[0068] like Figure 8 As shown, in this embodiment, the two-stage thermal bridge connection in Embodiment 5 is replaced with a coupling connection, that is, the second stage second regenerator 205 is connected to the first stage cold energy heat exchanger 104.

[0069] Example 9

[0070] like Figure 9As shown, this embodiment is a three-stage pulse tube refrigerator with a composite phasing mechanism that uses a push piston and an inertial tube gas reservoir for phasing. Both the cold head unit 1 and the push piston system 4 are three-stage structures.

[0071] The cold head unit 1 includes a first-stage cold head 1, a second-stage cold head 2, and a third-stage cold head 3. The structures of the first-stage cold head 1 and the second-stage cold head 2 are the same as in Embodiment 2. The third-stage cold head includes a third-stage connecting pipe 301, a third-stage radiator 302, a third-stage first regenerator 303, a third-stage first cold energy heat exchanger 304, a third-stage second regenerator 305, a third-stage second cold energy heat exchanger 306, a third-stage third regenerator 307, a third-stage third cold energy heat exchanger 308, and a third-stage pulse tube 309 connected in sequence. A third-stage pulse tube cold end gas homogenizer 310 can be added. The third-stage first-stage heat exchanger 304, the second-stage first-stage heat exchanger 204, and the first-stage heat exchanger 104 are connected by a second-stage thermal bridge 211, using the cooling capacity of the first stage to pre-cool the second-stage and third-stage regenerators; the third-stage second-stage heat exchanger 306 is connected to the second-stage second-stage heat exchanger 206 by a third-stage thermal bridge 311, using the cooling capacity of the second stage to pre-cool the third-stage regenerator.

[0072] The aforementioned piston system 4 is a three-stage structure. Its structure adds a third piston and a third piston cylinder before the second piston in Embodiment 2. The first working chamber 401 is formed by the front end of the piston 42 and the piston cylinder 41; the second working chamber 402 is formed by the front end of the second piston and the second piston cylinder; and the third working chamber 403 is formed by the front end of the third piston and the third piston cylinder. The first working chamber 401 is connected to the hot end of the first-stage vascular tube 105; the second working chamber 402 is connected to the hot end of the second-stage vascular tube 207; and the third working chamber 403 is connected to the hot end of the third-stage vascular tube 309.

[0073] At least one of the pulse tube hot end in the first-stage cold head is connected to the inertial tube gas storage system. That is, there is at least one of the inertial tube gas storage system 6, the second-stage inertial tube gas storage system 62, and the third-stage inertial tube gas storage system 63. In this embodiment, there is an inertial tube gas storage system 6 connected to the hot end of the first-stage pulse tube 105, and a second-stage inertial tube gas storage system 62 connected to the hot end of the second-stage pulse tube 207.

[0074] Example 10

[0075] like Figure 10 As shown, in this embodiment, the three-stage inter-stage thermal bridge connection in Embodiment 9 is replaced with a coupled connection. The second-stage second regenerator 205 is connected to the first-stage cold energy heat exchanger 104; the third-stage third regenerator 307 is connected to the second-stage second cold energy heat exchanger 206.

[0076] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any changes, substitutions, modifications, or simplifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention are equivalent transformations and do not depart from the spirit of the present invention, and should also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pulse tube refrigerator with a push-piston and inertia tube, comprising a compressor unit, a cold head unit, and a phase adjustment mechanism unit, wherein the cold head unit comprises a radiator, a regenerator, a cooling capacity heat exchanger, and a pulse tube connected in sequence, characterized in that, The phase adjustment mechanism unit adopts a composite phase adjustment mechanism of a push piston system and an inertial tube gas reservoir system. The push piston system includes a push piston working chamber, which is connected to the hot end of the pulse tube. The inertial tube gas reservoir system includes an inertial tube and a gas reservoir, wherein one end of the inertial tube is connected to the hot end of the pulse tube and the other end is connected to the gas reservoir. An inertial gas reservoir system is added to the end of the vascular unit, which together with the push piston system forms a composite phase adjustment mechanism. The push piston system and the inertial gas reservoir system are connected to the hot end of the vascular unit, and together they constitute a composite phase adjustment mechanism for the hot end of the vascular unit.

2. A pulse tube refrigerator with a push piston and inertia tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, The push piston system includes a push piston cylinder, a push piston, a push piston rod, a push piston rear cover, a flexible spring, and a push piston housing. The push piston rod passes through the push piston rear cover and is supported by the flexible spring. The front end of the push piston and the push piston cylinder together form the push piston working chamber. The rear end of the push piston, together with the push piston cylinder and the push piston rear cover, forms the push piston back cavity, which is connected to the compression cavity of the compressor unit. Alternatively, the piston rod and the piston rod have the same diameter, meaning there is no back cavity for the piston rod.

3. The pulse tube refrigerator with a push piston and inertia tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, The described push piston system is a push piston rodless structure, including a push piston cylinder, a push piston, a push piston rear cover, a flexible spring, a push piston housing, and a push piston back cavity connecting pipe. The front end of the push piston and the push piston cylinder together form the push piston working chamber, and the rear end of the push piston, the push piston cylinder, and the push piston rear cover together form the push piston back cavity. The flexible spring is located in the push piston back cavity and supports the push piston.

4. A pulse tube refrigerator with a push piston and inertia tube according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The aforementioned piston system is an n-stage structure, with n piston working chambers formed between the piston and the piston cylinder, and each piston working chamber is connected to the pulse tube hot end of each cold head unit.

5. A pulse tube refrigerator with a push piston and inertia tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cold head unit is an n-stage structure, and each cold head unit includes a radiator, a regenerator, a cold energy heat exchanger, and a pulse tube connected in sequence, wherein the hot end of the pulse tube in at least one stage of the cold head is connected to the inertial tube gas storage system.

6. A pulse tube refrigerator with a push piston and inertia tube according to claim 5, characterized in that, The aforementioned cold head unit has a two-stage structure, including a first-stage cold head and a second-stage cold head. The first-stage cold head includes a first-stage radiator, a first-stage regenerator, a first-stage heat exchanger, and a first-stage pulse tube connected in sequence. The second-stage cold head includes a second-stage radiator, a second-stage first regenerator, a second-stage first heat exchanger, a second-stage second regenerator, a second-stage second heat exchanger, and a second-stage pulse tube connected in sequence.

7. A pulse tube refrigerator with a push piston and inertia tube according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first-stage pulse vessel hot end is connected to the first-stage inertial tube gas reservoir, and the second-stage pulse vessel hot end is connected to the second-stage inertial tube gas reservoir.

8. A pulse tube refrigerator with a push piston and inertia tube according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first-stage pulse vessel hot end is connected to the first-stage inertial tube gas reservoir; Alternatively, the second-stage vascular hot end and the second-stage inertial gas reservoir can be connected.

9. A pulse tube refrigerator with a push piston and inertia tube according to claim 6, characterized in that, The multi-stage cold heads are coupled together. The compression chamber of the compressor unit is connected to the cooler in the first-stage cold head, and the regenerator in the previous-stage cold head is connected to the regenerator in the next-stage cold head.

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