Dam vertical displacement calculation method, device and photoelectric vertical coordinate instrument

Abstract

The application discloses a dam body vertical line displacement calculation method and device and a photoelectric vertical line coordinate instrument, a direction observation sensor is embedded into a vertical line CCD, and real-time synchronous observation is carried out with the radial and tangential displacement data of the vertical line, the data of the vertical line is corrected to the designed direction through calculation of the azimuth, so that the radial and tangential displacement data direction of the vertical line is consistent with the designed direction, and the operation state of the hydraulic structure or the slope structure can be more accurately evaluated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of engineering safety monitoring, and in particular to a method, equipment and photoelectric vertical coordinate instrument for calculating the vertical displacement of a dam body. Background Technology

[0002] Horizontal displacement is a crucial indicator reflecting the operational behavior of arch dam structures and for implementing dam safety monitoring. The plumb line method is the primary method for observing horizontal displacement in arch dams; therefore, ensuring the reliability of plumb line monitoring results is of paramount importance for dam safety management. Slope deformation monitoring and control networks are the foundation of slope safety monitoring, and a stable reference benchmark is the core of the control network. Applying an inverted plumb line system to the slope deformation monitoring and control network can provide a stable, reliable, and high-precision starting benchmark, offering technical support for network design.

[0003] For arch dams, the horizontal deformation that is of practical concern in engineering projects is often the radial and tangential components along the dam. Although relevant specifications stipulate the design, installation, observation, and data compilation of the arch dam's vertical line, they do not currently provide specific guidance on how to calculate the radial and tangential deformation of the arch dam using observation data. The conventional practice in dam safety monitoring is to calculate the radial-tangential displacement of the dam body by algebraically superimposing the radial and tangential deformation increments at different elevation measuring points. Theoretically, this method has the advantages of simple and fast data processing. The premise for obtaining correct displacement results using this method is that the radial and tangential deformations at different elevation measuring points are consistent. However, in actual engineering projects, the shape of the arch dam often cannot meet, or even approximate, these conditions, which may lead to a significant deviation between the calculated radial-tangential displacement and the actual value. Similarly, slope sagging due to installation or deformation issues can also cause a significant deviation between the calculated radial-tangential displacement and the actual value.

[0004] In summary, currently, whether it's vertical line observation of the dam body or inverted vertical line observation of the slope control network, the displacement calculation after the CCD of the vertical line is installed has the following problems: 1) Due to installation process issues, the radial and tangential displacement directions differ from the design directions after the vertical line is installed, making it impossible to perfectly match the design directions. In addition, in the observation of the slope vertical line, the radial and tangential directions of the vertical line also differ from the coordinate system of geodetic surveying; 2) During the operation of the hydropower station, after the vertical line deforms, the directions of its radial and tangential displacements will also change accordingly. Therefore, the direction of the data read by the vertical line CCD changes. Based on the above two problems, the data observed by the vertical line is distorted, especially if multiple vertical lines are accumulated, the distortion becomes more serious, making it difficult to accurately evaluate the true deformation of the dam body and slope.

[0005] Although some projects locate the plumb line after installation using various methods such as geodetic surveying, compasses, or gyroscopes, the former requires introducing control point coordinates into the dam body. Furthermore, during observation, limited space and frequent station changes can easily lead to accuracy and precision issues according to the law of error propagation. Additionally, the latter method, using a compass for angle observation, has lower precision and is also inaccurate. Finally, regardless of the method used, observations are taken from the outer shell of the plumb line CCD, such as at the edge of the CCD device or perpendicular to it. The actual observation results will deviate from the direction of the CCD's internal lens. Therefore, the angles obtained through these methods will differ from the actual observed angles, resulting in distorted results.

[0006] In vertical line observations of dams (especially arch dams), due to installation and dam deformation, the observed radial-tangential displacement deviates from the design angle. Therefore, the final calculated radial-tangential displacement is distorted, especially after multiple layers of vertical lines are superimposed, making it difficult to accurately evaluate the dam's displacement and deformation, hindering the evaluation and analysis of the dam's performance. Secondly, in inverted vertical line observations at slope control network points, the data is generally used for cross-checking with the baseline data of the deformation monitoring control network. However, due to installation issues, there is a conversion angle between the radial-tangential displacement direction of the inverted vertical line and the geodetic coordinate system of the deformation monitoring control network. Therefore, the radial-tangential displacement data calculated from the actual inverted vertical line observations is inconsistent in direction with the data observed by the control network, making accurate comparison and verification with the baseline data of the control network difficult.

[0007] In summary, current observation methods cannot solve the problem of directional distortion. Furthermore, directional observation using geodesy, compasses, or gyroscopes is cumbersome, manpower-intensive, and lacks timely data. Therefore, this invention proposes a photoelectric plumb line coordinate instrument with azimuth observation. This instrument embeds a directional observation sensor (geomagnetic sensor, electronic compass, gyroscope, etc.) into a plumb line CCD and performs real-time synchronous observation with the plumb line radial and tangential displacement data. Finally, by calculating the azimuth angle, the plumb line data is corrected to the designed azimuth, ensuring that the radial and tangential displacement data of the plumb line is consistent with the design direction. This allows for a more accurate evaluation of the operational performance of hydraulic structures or slope structures. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for calculating the vertical displacement of a dam body and a photoelectric vertical coordinate instrument to address the shortcomings of the existing technology. This method converts the observed vertical radial and tangential displacement data to a predetermined coordinate orientation, thereby more accurately analyzing the actual deformation.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by this invention is: a method for calculating the vertical displacement of a dam body, which uses the following formula to calculate the radial and tangential displacements (X′, Y′) of the vertical monitoring point:

[0010]

[0011] Where (X, Y) represents the displacement of the vertical monitoring point, T0 is the conversion angle, T0 = α - α0, α0 is the azimuth angle of the given direction, and α is the coordinate azimuth angle. X′ is the radial displacement, and Y′ is the tangential displacement.

[0012] This invention corrects the vertical line data to the designed azimuth by calculating the azimuth angle, thereby ensuring that the radial and tangential displacement data of the vertical line are consistent with the design direction, which can more accurately evaluate the operational performance of hydraulic structures or slope structures. This invention also reduces the radial and tangential displacement to a unified coordinate system through coordinate system transformation, thereby providing more realistic and accurate observation data.

[0013] The formula for calculating the coordinate azimuth angle α is: Aα + γ; where A is the true azimuth angle of the monitoring point and γ is the meridian convergence angle of the monitoring point.

[0014] In this invention, the formula for calculating the true azimuth angle A of the monitoring point is: A = Am + δ, where Am is the magnetic azimuth angle of the monitoring point and δ is the magnetic declination angle of the monitoring point.

[0015] In this invention, the process of obtaining the magnetic azimuth Am of the monitoring point includes: obtaining the angle between the monitoring point and the magnetic north direction based on the geomagnetic sensor or electronic compass, and using the angle to determine the magnetic azimuth Am of the monitoring point.

[0016] In this invention, the formula for calculating the coordinate azimuth angle α is: α = Am + δ - γ; Am is the magnetic azimuth angle of the monitoring point, δ is the magnetic declination of the monitoring point, and γ is the meridian convergence angle of the monitoring point.

[0017] The magnetic declination δ of the monitoring point is obtained through a geomagnetic theodolite or a geomagnetic sensor calibration device.

[0018] In this invention, the azimuth angle can be calculated based on the magnetic azimuth angle of a geomagnetic sensor or electronic compass, or it can be calculated based on a gyroscope, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the azimuth angle calculation. The azimuth angle can be calculated under different conditions, which improves the versatility of the method of this invention.

[0019] As an inventive concept, the present invention also provides a photoelectric perpendicular coordinate instrument, characterized in that it comprises: a body; a first direction sensor and a second direction sensor are disposed within the body; the axes of the first direction sensor and the second direction sensor are perpendicular; the first direction sensor is parallel to a first observation lens, and the second direction sensor is parallel to a second observation lens; the first observation lens and the second observation lens are respectively disposed on both sides of the mounting body, the lower end of the perpendicular line is inserted into the mounting body, and the perpendicular line is perpendicular to the axis of the first direction sensor and the axis of the second direction sensor; the first direction sensor and the second direction sensor are electrically connected to a processing terminal; the processing terminal is configured to execute the steps of the above-described calculation method of the present invention.

[0020] The main body is provided with at least one observation port and at least one interface to facilitate observation of the internal condition of the main body and to facilitate wiring.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] 1. This invention integrates a direction observation sensor into a photoelectric plumb line coordinate instrument, and performs direction observation synchronously with the photoelectric plumb line coordinate instrument. Then, the azimuth is converted into the azimuth angle of the geodetic coordinate system. Therefore, the radial and tangential displacement observed by the plumb line coordinate instrument actually carries the azimuth angle. Based on the calculated azimuth angle, the observed vertical radial and tangential displacement data is converted to the predetermined coordinate azimuth through coordinate system transformation, achieving the goal of unifying with the design azimuth, and thus more accurately analyzing the actual deformation.

[0023] 2. This invention provides more realistic and accurate observation data by synchronously observing the direction of the radial-tangential displacement of the vertical line, calculating and processing the azimuth angle of the radial-tangential displacement, and then reducing the radial-tangential displacement to a unified coordinate system through coordinate system transformation. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating the displacement calculation process in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating the azimuth calculation process of the geomagnetic sensor (electronic compass) in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating the azimuth angle calculation process of the gyroscope in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the relationship between the three north directions;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the relationship between the three azimuth angles;

[0029] Figure 6This is a diagram illustrating the convention for the sign of the meridian convergence angle γ;

[0030] Figure 7 It is a coordinate system transformation diagram;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a spatial structure diagram of the photoelectric vertical coordinate instrument with orientation observation function in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] In this document, the terms "first," "second," and other similar words are not intended to imply any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different elements. The terms "one," "a," and other similar words are not intended to indicate the existence of only one of the stated things, but rather that the description pertains to only one of the two stated things, which may include one or more. The terms "comprising," "including," and other similar words are intended to indicate a logical relationship, not a spatial relationship. For example, "A includes B" means that logically B belongs to A, not that spatially B is located inside A. Furthermore, the meanings of the terms "comprising," "including," and other similar words should be considered open-ended, not closed. For example, "A includes B" means that B belongs to A, but B does not necessarily constitute all of A; A may also include other elements such as C, D, and E.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] This embodiment provides a method for calculating vertical displacement, such as... Figure 2 As shown.

[0036] This embodiment embeds a direction observation sensor (geomagnetic sensor, electronic compass, gyroscope, etc.) into an existing photoelectric sensor. The direction observation sensor is parallel to the displacement observation lens and is connected to the data acquisition module to synchronously observe the radial and tangential displacement of the vertical line. Then, the azimuth data and the radial and tangential displacement data detected by the direction observation sensor are uploaded to the host computer for data processing.

[0037] The definitions of terms used in this embodiment are as follows:

[0038] 1) Definition of the Three North Directions (see...) Figure 4 )

[0039] True North: The direction indicated by the north end of the tangent of the true meridian at a certain point on the ground is called true north, which can be determined using a gyro theodolite.

[0040] Magnetic North: The direction that the north end of a magnetic needle points to when it is at rest is called magnetic north, which can be determined by a compass or a geomagnetic sensor.

[0041] North direction: The direction indicated by the positive direction of the vertical axis (X-axis) is called the north direction. In practice, the direction parallel to the X-axis in the Gaussian plane rectangular coordinate system is often taken as the north direction.

[0042] 2) Definition of azimuth

[0043] Azimuth: The horizontal angle measured clockwise from the basic direction of one end of a straight line to the line is called the azimuth of the line. The range of the azimuth is 0° to 360°.

[0044] True azimuth: The azimuth angle measured from true north;

[0045] Magnetic azimuth: The azimuth angle measured from magnetic north;

[0046] Coordinate azimuth: The azimuth angle measured from the north direction of the coordinate system.

[0047] 3) Definitions of magnetic declination and meridian convergence

[0048] Magnetic declination δ: The angle between true north and magnetic north at a point;

[0049] Meridian convergence angle γ: The angle between the true north direction passing through a point and the coordinate north direction.

[0050] The signs of δ and γ are defined in the same way: when magnetic north or coordinate north is east of true north, both δ and γ are positive; when magnetic north or coordinate north is west of true north, both δ and γ are negative. (See below) Figure 6 .

[0051] The conversion relationship between the true azimuth A, magnetic azimuth Am, and coordinate azimuth α of a straight line is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the calculation formula is as follows:

[0052] A=Am+δ………(1)

[0053] A=α+γ………(2)

[0054] α=Am+δ-γ………(3)

[0055] a) Azimuth calculation

[0056] Based on the azimuth data, the magnetic azimuth or true azimuth of the current monitoring point can be calculated according to the corresponding azimuth calculation formula. The azimuth calculation is divided into two cases:

[0057] 1) The magnetic azimuth calculation process based on a geomagnetic sensor or electronic compass is as follows: Obtain the latitude and longitude of the monitoring point; calculate the meridian convergence angle γ based on the latitude and longitude; obtain the magnetic declination δ of the monitoring point using a geomagnetic theodolite or geomagnetic sensor calibration equipment; calculate the magnetic azimuth Am of the monitoring point based on the angle between the monitoring point and magnetic north obtained from the geomagnetic sensor or electronic compass; finally, calculate the azimuth of the current monitoring point based on γ, δ, and Am. (See...) Figure 2 .

[0058] 2) The azimuth calculation process of the orientation sensor based on the gyroscope is as follows: Obtain the latitude and longitude of the monitoring point; calculate the meridian convergence angle γ of the monitoring point based on the latitude and longitude; calculate the true azimuth angle A of the monitoring point based on the angle between the monitoring point and the true north direction obtained from the gyroscope; finally, calculate the azimuth angle of the current monitoring point based on γ and A. (See...) Figure 3 .

[0059] b) Coordinate system transformation

[0060] Based on the angle between the azimuth angle calculated at the monitoring point and the predetermined direction, the vertical radial / tangential displacement data can be converted to the corresponding plane coordinate system through coordinate system transformation. Assuming the azimuth angle of the predetermined direction is α0 (if it is the azimuth of the dam body, its azimuth angle is the azimuth angle under the designed coordinate system; if it is the slope, the vertical radial / tangential displacement is converted to the geodetic coordinate system, α0=0), the coordinate system transformation first requires calculating the transformation angle T0, T0=α-α0. Assuming the original displacement of the vertical monitoring point is (X, Y), its displacement after coordinate system rotation is (X′, Y′), the transformation formula is shown in (4), and the example diagram of coordinate system transformation is shown in Figure (4). Figure 7 .

[0061]

[0062] This embodiment integrates a photoelectric vertical coordinate instrument with a direction sensor. The direction sensor data and vertical data are observed synchronously and then uploaded to the host computer. Different azimuth angles are calculated for the direction data collected by different direction sensors. Finally, according to the azimuth to which the vertical data needs to be converted, a coordinate system transformation is performed to obtain the vertical radial and tangential displacement data in a unified direction, thereby enabling a more accurate evaluation of the engineering performance.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] This embodiment provides a photoelectric vertical coordinate instrument with azimuth observation function, such as... Figure 8 As shown.

[0065] Photoelectric plumb line coordinate instruments are generally installed inside the dam body or in the observation room on the dam top, and fixed on a custom steel frame inside the observation room (fixed inside the observation room and integrated with the hydraulic structure). The photoelectric plumb line coordinate instrument is integrated with the steel frame, and the plumb line body 1 needs to pass through the observation hole in the middle of the photoelectric plumb line coordinate instrument. During the initial installation, try to position the plumb line body 1 in the middle of the observation hole.

[0066] Figure 8 In this system, the vertical line body 1, the first direction sensor 2 (tangential), the second direction sensor 5 (radial), the vertical tangential displacement observation lens 3, and the vertical radial displacement observation lens 6 are all housed within the main body 8. Two manual electrical measurement interfaces 7 and other accessories are located on one side of the main body 8, while a power cord and signal line interface 4 is located on the other side.

[0067] During the installation of the photoelectric plumb line coordinate instrument, the radial-tangential observation lenses (plumb line tangential displacement observation lens 3 and plumb line radial displacement observation lens 6) must be parallel to the direction sensors (first direction sensor 2 and second direction sensor 5) to ensure that the azimuth observation is consistent with the azimuth of the plumb line data. After installation, the latitude, longitude, and magnetic declination of the monitoring point need to be acquired for accurate azimuth calculation. After the plumb line device is installed, there is no need to verify its installation direction. The azimuth data is directly acquired through the direction sensors. Based on the azimuth data, latitude, longitude, and magnetic declination (the gyroscope direction sensor does not need to calculate the magnetic declination), the azimuth angle of the current plumb line monitoring data can be calculated. The coordinate system is transformed according to the azimuth angle of the monitoring point and its predetermined azimuth angle to obtain the radial-tangential displacement of the monitoring point at the predetermined azimuth under the current state. Throughout the process, the displacement data and azimuth data of the plumb line are collected synchronously in real time, and the host computer calculates and obtains the final transformed results in real time.

[0068] In this embodiment, the calculation process is the same as in Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0069] In this embodiment, the direction sensor can be a geomagnetic sensor, an electronic compass, a gyroscope, etc.

[0070] Example 3

[0071] Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a terminal device corresponding to Embodiment 1 above. The terminal device can be a processing device for a client, such as a mobile phone, a laptop, a tablet computer, a desktop computer, etc., to execute the method of the above embodiments.

[0072] The terminal device in this embodiment includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory; the processor executes the computer program in the memory to implement the steps of the method in Embodiment 1 described above.

[0073] In some implementations, the memory may be high-speed random access memory (RAM), and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device.

[0074] In other implementations, the processor can be any type of general-purpose processor, such as a central processing unit (CPU) or a digital signal processor (DSP), and there is no limitation here.

[0075] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code. The solutions in the embodiments of this application can be implemented in various computer languages, such as the object-oriented programming language Java and the interpreted scripting language JavaScript.

[0076] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0077] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0078] Although preferred embodiments of this application have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of this application.

[0079] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A photoelectric vertical coordinate instrument, characterized in that, include: ontology; The body is equipped with a first orientation sensor and a second orientation sensor; The axes of the first direction sensor and the second direction sensor are perpendicular; The first orientation sensor is parallel to the first observation lens, and the second orientation sensor is parallel to the second observation lens; The first observation lens and the second observation lens are respectively disposed on both sides of the mounting body, and the lower end of the vertical line is inserted into the mounting body, and the vertical line is perpendicular to the axis of the first direction sensor and the axis of the second direction sensor. The first direction sensor and the second direction sensor are electrically connected to the processing terminal; The processing terminal is configured to perform the steps of the dam body vertical displacement calculation method; The method for calculating the vertical displacement of the dam body includes: The radial and tangential displacements of the vertical monitoring point are calculated using the following formula ( , ): ； Where (X, Y) is the displacement of the vertical monitoring point, T0 is the conversion angle, T0 = α - α0, α0 is the azimuth angle of the given direction, and α is the coordinate azimuth angle.

2. The photoelectric vertical coordinate instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main body is provided with at least one observation port and at least one interface.

3. The photoelectric vertical coordinate instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the coordinate azimuth angle α is: A is the true azimuth of the monitoring point, and γ is the meridian convergence angle of the monitoring point.

4. The photoelectric vertical coordinate instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the coordinate azimuth angle α is: ; δ is the magnetic azimuth of the monitoring point, γ is the magnetic declination of the monitoring point, and γ is the meridional convergence angle of the monitoring point.

5. The photoelectric vertical coordinate instrument according to claim 4, characterized in that, The magnetic declination δ of the monitoring point is obtained through a geomagnetic sensor calibration device.

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