Cutting insert and cutting tool

Abstract

The application provides a cutting blade with a first surface and a second surface, four same outer side surfaces between the first surface and the second surface, and a cutting edge; the four outer side surfaces include a first side surface, a second side surface and a third side surface connected to the first side surface respectively and opposite to each other; the cutting edge includes a first main cutting edge and a second main cutting edge at the intersection ridge lines of the first side surface and the first surface and the second surface respectively, a first sub cutting edge and a third sub cutting edge at the intersection ridge line of the first side surface and the second side surface, and a second sub cutting edge and a fourth sub cutting edge at the intersection ridge line of the first side surface and the third side surface; the first side surface includes a first rake surface along the first main cutting edge, a second rake surface along the second main cutting edge, and a side constraint surface between the first rake surface and the second rake surface, and the side constraint surface connects the third sub cutting edge and the fourth sub cutting edge. The cutting blade has high utilization rate and stable constraint. The application also provides a cutting tool containing the cutting blade.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cutting tools, and particularly to a cutting insert and a cutting tool. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of milling, workpieces with 90° stepped surfaces are frequently encountered. For machining such stepped surfaces, selecting a cutter with a principal cutting edge angle of 90° offers excellent performance in terms of machining efficiency and economy. Therefore, milling cutters with a 90° principal cutting edge angle are widely used in the machining field.

[0003] Chinese invention patent CN106270705B discloses a design for a milling cutter insert with a principal cutting edge angle of 90°. This insert, through indexing and flipping installation, allows for the reuse of six cutting edges. Because the insert's side surface is a single plane, it has a large constraint surface and stable installation; the curved shape exists only on the top and bottom surfaces of the insert, making its forming relatively simple and requiring less sophisticated forming technology. However, this insert can only use six cutting edges. Given the increasing scarcity of mineral resources, customers are demanding an increasing number of reusable cutting edges from the same insert to improve its utilization rate and reduce tooling costs.

[0004] Chinese invention patent CN101668605B discloses a design for a milling cutter insert with a principal cutting edge angle of 90°. This insert can achieve reusable use of 8 cutting edges through indexing and flipping installation. However, the twisted design on both the front and back sides of the insert reduces the restraint area on the side, negatively impacting installation stability. Furthermore, the complex side shape requires a precise multi-directional mold, placing high demands on mold design, manufacturing, and forming technologies. Moreover, some new tool materials, such as ceramics, are difficult to form into this shape, significantly increasing the production cost and limiting the insert's applicability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One object of the present invention is to provide a cutting blade with high blade utilization and good installation stability.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a cutting tool having the above-described cutting insert.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] According to one aspect of the present invention, a cutting insert is provided that is rotationally symmetrical about a central axis and has the following characteristics:

[0009] The first surface has a restraint plane perpendicular to the central axis;

[0010] The second surface is spaced apart from the first surface and is flipped symmetrical with respect to the first surface;

[0011] The four identical outer surfaces located between the first and second surfaces are rotationally symmetrical about the central axis; and

[0012] cutting edge;

[0013] The four outer surfaces include:

[0014] First perspective;

[0015] The second side connecting the first side; and

[0016] A third side that connects to the first side and is opposite to the second side;

[0017] The cutting edge includes:

[0018] The first main cutting edge is located at the intersection of the first surface and the first side surface;

[0019] The second main cutting edge is located at the intersection of the second surface and the first side surface;

[0020] The first secondary cutting edge is located at the intersection of the first side and the second side and is in contact with the first main cutting edge;

[0021] The second secondary cutting edge is located at the intersection of the first side and the third side and is in contact with the second main cutting edge;

[0022] A third secondary cutting edge located at the intersection of the first and second side surfaces and close to the second surface; and

[0023] The fourth secondary cutting edge is located at the intersection of the first side and the third side and is close to the first surface;

[0024] The first side includes:

[0025] Along the first front angle face of the first main cutting edge and the first secondary cutting edge;

[0026] Along the second primary cutting edge and the second secondary cutting edge, at their second rake angles; and

[0027] A side restraint surface is located between the first front angle facet and the second front angle facet. The side restraint surface connects the third secondary cutting edge and the fourth secondary cutting edge. The side restraint surface is a plane parallel to the central axis.

[0028] Preferably, the cutting edge further includes:

[0029] The first transition blade connects the first main cutting blade and the first secondary cutting blade;

[0030] The third transition edge connects to the third secondary cutting edge and is in contact with the second surface; and

[0031] The fourth transition blade connects to the fourth secondary cutting blade and is in contact with the first surface;

[0032] The first side also includes:

[0033] A first transition surface is provided along the fourth transition edge; and

[0034] The second transition surface is provided along the third transition edge.

[0035] Preferably, in a view looking directly at the side restraint surface, the first secondary cutting edge is further away from the central axis than the third transition cutting edge.

[0036] Preferably, viewed from the front of the third side, the first main cutting edge and the first transition edge partially extend outward beyond the fourth transition edge.

[0037] Preferably, the included angle between the first primary cutting edge and the first secondary cutting edge is 89° to 91°.

[0038] Preferably, the first surface also has a primary rear face along the first primary cutting edge, the primary rear face being closer to the second surface as it moves away from the central axis.

[0039] Preferably, the first side surface also has a first secondary rear corner face along the fourth secondary cutting edge and a second secondary rear corner face along the third secondary cutting edge;

[0040] The side restraint surface is connected to the fourth cutting edge through the first secondary rear corner surface, and to the third cutting edge through the second secondary rear corner surface;

[0041] The first and second rear corner surfaces deflect toward the central axis as they move away from the side restraint surface.

[0042] Preferably, the first side also has:

[0043] A first chip removal surface connects the first front corner surface and the side restraint surface, and the first chip removal surface is also in contact with the first surface and the second side surface, respectively; and

[0044] The second chip removal surface is connected between the second front corner surface and the side restraint surface, and the first chip removal surface is also connected to the second surface and the third side surface respectively.

[0045] Preferably, the projections of the first secondary cutting edge on the central axis and the projections of the third secondary cutting edge on the central axis are spaced apart; the projections of the second secondary cutting edge on the central axis and the projections of the fourth secondary cutting edge on the central axis are also spaced apart.

[0046] According to another aspect of the present invention, a cutting tool is provided, comprising a tool holder and a cutting insert as described above, detachably mounted on the tool holder.

[0047] As can be seen from the above technical solution, the present invention has at least the following advantages and positive effects: In the cutting insert of the present invention, the cutting edges set on the intersecting edges of the first surface, the second surface, and the four outer surfaces allow for the sequential use of eight cutting tips, resulting in a high insert utilization rate. The cutting insert achieves restraint during installation through the restraint planes of the first and second surfaces and the side restraint surfaces set on each outer surface. Since both the restraint planes and the side restraint surfaces are planar, positional accuracy can be well guaranteed, and the machining of the cutting insert and tool holder can be facilitated. In particular, according to the arrangement of the side restraint surfaces in the cutting insert, whether machining is performed using the first main cutting edge or the second main cutting edge, the same side restraint surface is used for restraint on the outer periphery of the cutting insert, without the need to prepare separate restraint surfaces for the first and second main cutting edges on the first side. Therefore, since there is no need to split the restraint surfaces on the first side, it is possible to ensure that there is as large an area as possible on the first side as a side restraint surface. Under the same cutting insert dimensions, there will be a larger restraint surface area for a single main cutting edge, thereby improving restraint stability. The side restraint surfaces extend to connect with the third and fourth secondary cutting edges on both sides, meaning they have a relatively long length, which makes it easier to ensure a larger area. Simultaneously, the side restraint surfaces also function as back angle surfaces for the third and fourth secondary cutting edges. Furthermore, the planar shape of the side restraint surfaces, compared to some recessed restraint surfaces in existing technologies, increases the strength and durability of the third and fourth secondary cutting edges. Attached Figure Description

[0048] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the first embodiment of the cutting blade of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The front view.

[0050] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Top view.

[0051] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 The front view of the first side of the middle.

[0052] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 A-direction view.

[0053] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Enlarged view of section B in the middle.

[0054] Figure 7 This is a perspective view of an embodiment of the cutting tool of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 The front view.

[0056] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 The enlarged view at point C shows the positional relationship between the cutting tool and the workpiece during machining.

[0057] Figure 10 yes Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the middle tool holder.

[0058] Figure 11 This is a perspective view of the second embodiment of the cutting blade of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 12 This is a perspective view of the third embodiment of the cutting blade of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 13 This is a perspective view of the fourth embodiment of the cutting blade of the present invention.

[0061] The reference numerals in the attached figures are explained as follows: 1 / 1a / 1b / 1c, cutting insert;

[0062] 11 / 11a / 11b / 11c, First surface; 111, Constraint plane; 112, Main rear corner surface;

[0063] 12. Second surface;

[0064] 131. First primary cutting edge; 132. Second primary cutting edge;

[0065] 14 / 14b, First side surface; 141, First front angle surface; 142, Second front angle surface; 143, Side restraint surface; 144, First chip removal surface; 145, Second chip removal surface; 146, First transition surface; 147, Second transition surface; 148, First rear angle surface; 149, Second rear angle surface;

[0066] 15. Second side view;

[0067] 16. Third side view;

[0068] 17. The fourth side view;

[0069] 181. First cutting edge; 182. Second cutting edge; 183. Third cutting edge; 184. Fourth cutting edge;

[0070] 191. First transitional blade; 192. Second transitional blade; 193. Third transitional blade; 194. Fourth transitional blade;

[0071] 2. Tool holder; 21. Mounting slot; 211. Mounting bottom surface; 212. Mounting side surface; 213. Fastening hole;

[0072] 3. Fasteners;

[0073] 4. Workpiece; 41. Side surface; 42. Bottom surface. Detailed Implementation

[0074] Typical embodiments embodying the features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following description. It should be understood that the present invention can have various variations in different embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention, and the descriptions and illustrations herein are for illustrative purposes only and not intended to limit the present invention.

[0075] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0076] See Figures 1 to 3 The cutting blade 1 provided in the first embodiment has a rotationally symmetrical structure about a central axis L1. The cutting blade 1 has cutting edges on its ridges, and by flipping and rotating it about the central axis L1, all eight cutting edges can be used one by one.

[0077] The cutting insert 1 has a first surface 11 and a second surface 12 spaced apart from each other. The first surface 11 and the second surface 12 are generally quadrilaterals, each having the same four sides, and the four sides of each surface are rotationally symmetrical about a central axis L1. In this embodiment, the cutting insert 1 has a central hole 101 that passes through the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 for mounting and fastening the cutting insert 1. The central axis L1 is also the axis of the central hole 101. In the cutting insert 1 of this embodiment, the portion of the first surface 11 other than the central hole 101 is formed as a plane perpendicular to the central axis L1, and this plane constitutes a restraint plane 111.

[0078] The first surface 11 and the second surface 12 have the same structure and are symmetrically flipped. That is, if the cutting blade 1 is flipped around an axis perpendicular to the central axis L1, the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 can be interchanged. The second surface 12 will not be described again here.

[0079] The outer periphery of the cutting insert 1 is formed with four identical outer surfaces located between the first surface 11 and the second surface 12, and the four outer surfaces are rotationally symmetrical about the central axis L1. The four outer surfaces are connected sequentially along the circumference of the cutting insert 1. Each outer surface is connected to one edge of the first surface 11 and one edge of the second surface 12.

[0080] Each edge of the first surface 11 intersects with the corresponding outer surface at a point where a first primary cutting edge 131 is formed, resulting in a total of four primary cutting edges 131. The primary cutting edges 131 extend in a straight line, approximately from the middle of each edge to one end. In this embodiment, the primary cutting edges 131 deflect away from the central axis L1 as they extend toward the end; the deflection angle α can be set according to actual needs, for example, from 0 to 6°. In some embodiments, the primary cutting edges 131 can deflect in the opposite direction, with a deflection angle α, for example, from 0 to 5°.

[0081] Each edge of the second surface 12 intersects with the corresponding outer surface at the edge line to form a second main cutting edge 132, thus forming a total of four second main cutting edges 132. The second main cutting edges 132 have the same structure as the first main cutting edge 131.

[0082] At the intersection of two adjacent outer surfaces, secondary cutting edges are respectively provided near the first surface 11 and near the second surface 12, thus forming a total of eight secondary cutting edges on the four outer surfaces. Each secondary cutting edge corresponds to a first main cutting edge 131 or a second main cutting edge 132, and together they form the main structure of a blade tip.

[0083] For ease of description, one of the outer surfaces is referred to as the first surface 14, the two opposite outer surfaces connected to the first surface 14 are referred to as the second surface 15 and the third surface 16, and the outer surface opposite to the first surface 14 is referred to as the fourth surface 17. Figure 2 The diagram illustrates the structure when viewed from the first side view 14.

[0084] The two secondary cutting edges at the intersection of the first side surface 14 and the second side surface 15 are respectively referred to as the first secondary cutting edge 181 and the third secondary cutting edge 183, and the two secondary cutting edges at the intersection of the first side surface 14 and the third side surface 16 are respectively referred to as the second secondary cutting edge 182 and the fourth secondary cutting edge 184.

[0085] Main references Figure 2 The first secondary cutting edge 181 is located at the intersection of the first side surface 14 and the second side surface 15 and is close to the first surface 11. The first secondary cutting edge 181 is connected to the first main cutting edge 131 located at the intersection of the first side surface 14 and the first surface 11.

[0086] The first secondary cutting edge 181 extends in a straight line, and the included angle θ between the first secondary cutting edge 181 and the first primary cutting edge 131 is preferably 89° to 91°, which is particularly suitable for machining 90° right-angled stepped surfaces. In some conventional cutting inserts with eight cutting tips, the angle between the primary and secondary cutting edges is often set below 85°. During machining, the right angle of the machined surface is usually ensured by setting the appropriate inclination angle of the primary cutting edge when the cutting insert is installed. However, adjusting the installation position of the cutting insert often results in an angle between the secondary cutting edge and the workpiece, leading to poor finishing effect. In this embodiment, the angle relationship between the first primary cutting edge 131 and the first secondary cutting edge 181 itself can ensure a good right angle on the machined surface after cutting, while also achieving a better finishing effect.

[0087] Preferably, the first secondary cutting edge 181 connects to the first primary cutting edge 131 via a first transition edge 191, with the first transition edge 191 connecting the first primary cutting edge 131 and the first secondary cutting edge 181. The first primary cutting edge 131, the first transition edge 191, and the first secondary cutting edge 181 form a complete cutting tip for machining. The arrangement of the first transition edge 191 is more conducive to stress dispersion and avoidance during machining. In this embodiment, the first transition edge 191 extends in an arc shape. In other embodiments, the extension shape of the first transition edge 191 may also be multiple straight lines, or a combination of straight lines and arcs, etc.

[0088] The second secondary cutting edge 182 is located at the intersection of the first side surface 14 and the third side surface 16 and is close to the second surface 12. The second secondary cutting edge 182 is in contact with the second primary cutting edge 132 located at the intersection of the first side surface 14 and the second surface 12.

[0089] In this embodiment, the second secondary cutting edge 182 is connected to the second main cutting edge 132 via a second transition edge 192, and the second transition edge 192 connects the second main cutting edge 132 and the second secondary cutting edge 182. The second main cutting edge 132, the second transition edge 192 and the second secondary cutting edge 182 form a complete cutting tip for cutting.

[0090] The second secondary cutting blade 182 and the first secondary cutting blade 181 are centrally symmetrical with respect to the center of the first side surface 14. The second secondary cutting blade 182 and the first secondary cutting blade 181 also have the same structure, which will not be described in detail here.

[0091] The third secondary cutting edge 183 is located at the intersection of the first side surface 14 and the second side surface 15 and is close to the second surface 12. The third secondary cutting edge 183 is connected to the second surface 12 through a third transition edge 193. The third secondary cutting edge 183 and the third transition edge 193 together with the second main cutting edge 132 located at the intersection of the second side surface 15 and the second surface 12 form a complete blade tip.

[0092] The third cutting edge 183 and the first cutting edge 181 are both located at the intersection of the first side surface 14 and the second side surface 15, but they are spatially offset from each other. Preferably, the projection of the third cutting edge 183 on the central axis L1 is spaced S1 apart from the projection of the first cutting edge 181 on the central axis L1.

[0093] from Figure 2 In the view, the third secondary cutting edge 183 extends obliquely relative to the central axis L1. In this embodiment, the third secondary cutting edge 183 gradually approaches the central axis L1 as it moves away from the second surface 12. The oblique angle β of the third secondary cutting edge 183 relative to the central axis L1 can be set according to cutting requirements. In some embodiments, the oblique angle β is, for example, 0 to 15°. In other embodiments, the third secondary cutting edge 183 may also gradually move away from the central axis L1 as it moves away from the second surface 12. In this case, the oblique angle β can be selected as 0 to 10°.

[0094] The fourth secondary cutting edge 184 is located at the intersection of the first side surface 14 and the third side surface 16 and is close to the first surface 11. The fourth secondary cutting edge 184 is connected to the first surface 11 through a fourth transition edge 194. The fourth secondary cutting edge 184 and the fourth transition edge 194 together with the first main cutting edge 131 located at the intersection of the third side surface 16 and the first surface 11 form a complete blade tip.

[0095] The projection of the fourth cutting edge 184 onto the central axis L1 is spaced S2 from the projection of the second cutting edge 182 onto the central axis L1.

[0096] The fourth secondary cutting blade 184 and the third secondary cutting blade 183 are centrally symmetrical with respect to the center of the first side 14. The fourth secondary cutting blade 184 and the third secondary cutting blade 183 also have the same structure, which will not be described in detail here.

[0097] Combination Figure 2 and Figure 4 The first side surface 14 includes a first front corner surface 141, a second front corner surface 142, a side restraint surface 143, a first chip removal surface 144, a second chip removal surface 145, a first transition surface 146, and a second transition surface 147.

[0098] The first rake angle face 141 is disposed along the first main cutting edge 131 and the first secondary cutting edge 181, defining the rake angle of the blade tip formed by the combination of the first main cutting edge 131, the first transition edge 191, and the first secondary cutting edge 181. The first rake angle face 141 is a plane, and the angle of the first rake angle face 141 relative to the first surface 11 and the second side surface 15 can be reasonably set according to the required rake angle size of the first main cutting edge 131 and the first secondary cutting edge 181.

[0099] The second rake face 142 is disposed along the second primary cutting edge 132 and the second secondary cutting edge 182, defining the rake angle of the blade tip formed by the combination of the second primary cutting edge 132, the second transition edge 192, and the second secondary cutting edge 182. The second rake face 142 is also a plane, and the angle of the second rake face 142 relative to the second surface 12 and the third side surface 16 can be reasonably set according to the required rake angle size of the second primary cutting edge 132 and the second secondary cutting edge 182. The second rake face 142 and the first rake face 141 are rotationally symmetrical with respect to the center of the first side surface 14.

[0100] The side restraint surface 143 is located between the first front corner surface 141 and the second front corner surface 142. The side restraint surface 143 is a plane parallel to the central axis L1 and is perpendicular to the restraint plane 111 of the first surface 11. The third secondary cutting edge 183 and the fourth secondary cutting edge 184 are connected to the two sides of the side restraint surface 143, respectively. The side restraint surface 143 is located on the outermost side of the first side surface 14, that is, the side restraint surface 143 is farther away from the fourth side surface 17 than other parts of the first side surface 14.

[0101] The side restraint surface 143 is used to ensure the restraint stability of the cutting insert 1 during installation. According to the arrangement of the side restraint surface 143 in the cutting insert 1, whether machining is performed using the first primary cutting edge 131 or the second primary cutting edge 132, the same side restraint surface 143 is used for restraint on the outer periphery of the cutting insert 1, eliminating the need to prepare separate restraint surfaces for the first and second primary cutting edges 131 and 132 on the first side surface 14. Therefore, since there is no need to split the restraint surface on the first side surface 14, it is possible to ensure that the first side surface 14 has the largest possible area as the side restraint surface 143. For a single primary cutting edge with the same cutting insert 1 external dimensions, this results in a larger restraint surface area, thereby improving restraint stability. The two sides of the side restraint surface 143 extend to connect with the third secondary cutting edge 183 and the fourth secondary cutting edge 184, meaning the side restraint surface 143 has a relatively large length, thus making it easier to ensure a large area. Meanwhile, the side restraint surface 143 also serves as a rear corner surface for the third secondary cutting edge 183 and the fourth secondary cutting edge 184. Compared with some recessed restraint surfaces in the prior art, the planar side restraint surface 143 can increase the strength of the third secondary cutting edge 183 and the fourth secondary cutting edge 184 and improve their durability.

[0102] In this embodiment, the side restraint surface 143 is directly connected to the third secondary cutting edge 183 and the fourth secondary cutting edge 184. That is, the third secondary cutting edge 183 is located on the intersection line of the side restraint surface 143 and the second side surface 15, and the fourth secondary cutting edge 184 is located on the intersection line of the side restraint surface 143 and the third side surface 16.

[0103] The first chip removal surface 144 connects the first front corner surface 141 and the side restraint surface 143, and is in contact with the first surface 11 and the second side surface 15, respectively. The first chip removal surface 144 extends obliquely relative to the first surface 11, and the first chip removal surface 144 gets closer to the second surface 12 as it approaches the second side surface 15.

[0104] A chip removal groove is formed between the first chip removal surface 144 and the first rake angle surface 141 to allow chips to be discharged during machining by the first main cutting edge 131 and the first secondary cutting edge 181. The first chip removal surface 144 can be a plane, an arc surface, a combination of a plane and an arc surface, or a combination of multiple planes. The specific configuration can be determined according to the chip removal requirements.

[0105] The first chip removal surface 144 and the second side surface 15 are located at the interval S1 between the first secondary cutting edge 181 and the third secondary cutting edge 183. This facilitates chip removal and allows the cutting insert 1 to be shaped by grinding. When the first chip removal surface 144 is shaped by grinding, the grinding equipment can move obliquely from the first surface 11 to the second side surface 15 without interfering with the first secondary cutting edge 181 and the third secondary cutting edge 183, thus making the process more convenient. Compared to using a mold to sinter the cutting insert, grinding eliminates the need for expensive molds, resulting in lower processing costs.

[0106] The second chip removal surface 145 connects the second front corner surface 142 and the side restraint surface 143, and is in contact with the second surface 12 and the third side surface 16, respectively. The position where the second chip removal surface 145 contacts the third side surface 16 is located at the interval S2 between the second secondary cutting edge 182 and the fourth secondary cutting edge 184. The second chip removal surface 145 and the first chip removal surface 144 have the same structure, and the two are centrally symmetrical with respect to the center of the first side surface 14.

[0107] Since the second side 15 and the third side 16 are actually the same as the first side 14, the interval S2 between the second secondary cutting edge 182 and the fourth secondary cutting edge 184 of the first side 14 is actually equivalent to the interval S1 between the third secondary cutting edge 183 and the first secondary cutting edge 181 for the third side 16; the interval S1 between the first secondary cutting edge 181 and the third secondary cutting edge 183 of the first side 14 is actually equivalent to the interval S2 between the fourth secondary cutting edge 184 and the second secondary cutting edge 182 for the second side 15. Therefore, the first chip removal surface 144 of the first side 14 is actually in contact with the second chip removal surface of the second side 15, and the second chip removal surface 145 of the first side 14 is actually in contact with the first chip removal surface of the third side 16. For grinding, this structure where the chip removal surfaces are in contact can also facilitate continuous processing.

[0108] The first transition surface 146 is disposed along the fourth transition blade 194 and connects the first surface 11, the side restraint surface 143, and the first chip removal surface 144. The actual structure of the first transition surface 146 can be designed according to actual needs. The first transition surface 146 is an arc surface, consistent with the extended shape of the first transition blade 191.

[0109] The second transition surface 147 is disposed along the third transition edge 193 and connects the second surface 12, the side restraint surface 143, and the second chip removal surface 145. The actual structure of the second transition surface 147 can be flexibly designed according to the requirements of the third transition edge 193.

[0110] The above focuses on a detailed description of the first side surface 14. Since the first side surface 14, the second side surface 15, the third side surface 16, and the fourth side surface 17 all have the same structure, by rotating them 90° around the central axis L1, adjacent outer side surfaces will completely overlap. For example... Figure 5 yes Figure 2 View from direction A, Figure 5 The diagram shows a front view of the third side 16, revealing that the structure of the third side 16 is similar to... Figure 2 The structure of the first side 14 shown is exactly the same. The second side 15, the third side 16, and the fourth side 17 will not be described again here.

[0111] During machining, the cutting insert 1 can be used with any one of its cutting tips. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the cutting insert 1 has a structural clearance for the eight cutting tips, so that the structure of the cutting insert 1 itself can be used directly to avoid interference in the machining process.

[0112] from Figure 2 Viewed from the frontal view of the side restraint surface 143 of the first side 14, the first secondary cutting edge 181 is further away from the central axis L1 than the third transition cutting edge 193, with a step difference h between them. Preferably, this step difference h is greater than 0.1 mm. When machining is performed using the first main cutting edge 131 and the first secondary cutting edge 181, the presence of this step difference h can prevent the tool tip at the third transition cutting edge 193 from contacting the machined surface.

[0113] See Figure 5 and Figure 6 Viewed from the third side 16, the first main cutting edge 131 and the first transition edge 191 partially extend outward beyond the fourth transition edge 194. Alternatively, when viewed from the third side 16, the first main cutting edge 131 and the first transition edge 191 are not completely blocked by the fourth transition edge 194; rather, a portion of them is exposed. Therefore, when machining with the first main cutting edge 131 and the first transition edge 191, the tool tip at the fourth transition edge 194 will not contact the machined surface. The size of this clearance can be adjusted by changing the extension shape of the fourth transition edge 194. For example, for an arc-shaped fourth transition edge 194, the radius R of the arc can be adjusted, where, geometrically, R > h.

[0114] See Figures 7 to 10 It illustrates an embodiment of a cutting tool including the cutting blade 1 described above.

[0115] The cutting tool includes a tool holder 2 and multiple cutting inserts 1 mounted on the tool holder 2 by fasteners 3.

[0116] In this embodiment, the tool holder 2 is a single-sided milling cutter head, and the tool holder 2 has a rotating structure centered on a rotation axis L2. The outer periphery of the end of the tool holder 2 is provided with multiple mounting slots 21, and each mounting slot 21 can be used to install a cutting insert 1.

[0117] The mounting slot 21 has a mounting bottom surface 211 and two mounting sides 212 perpendicular to the mounting bottom surface 211. The two mounting sides 212 are also perpendicular to each other. The mounting bottom surface 211 is also provided with fastening holes 213. Both the mounting bottom surface 211 and the mounting sides 212 are flat and have a certain mounting tilt angle relative to the rotation axis L2 according to the actual situation.

[0118] Combination Figures 1 to 6 The illustrated structure of the cutting insert 1, when installed in the mounting groove 21, assuming the cutting tip formed by the first primary cutting edge 131, the first secondary cutting edge 181, and the first transition edge 191 is used as the working edge, then the second surface 12 of the cutting insert 1 faces the mounting bottom surface 211, the first side surface 14 faces the front of the rotation direction of the tool holder 2, and the first surface 11 and the second side surface 15 face the workpiece 4. The center hole 101 of the cutting insert 1 faces the fastening hole 213 of the mounting groove 21 and is fastened by the fastener 3. At the same time, the restraining plane of the second surface 12 forms a restraint with the mounting bottom surface 211, and the side restraining surfaces of the third side surface 16 and the fourth side surface 17 respectively form restraints with the two mounting sides 212. Through the restraint of three pairs of planar mating surfaces, the restraint stability and positional accuracy of the cutting insert 1 in the mounting groove 21 can be effectively guaranteed.

[0119] See next Figure 9 During processing, the first main cutting edge 131 extends in the vertical direction. As the tool holder 2 rotates, the first main cutting edge 131 processes the side surface 41 of the workpiece 4 that extends in the vertical direction, while the first secondary cutting edge 181 polishes the bottom surface 42 of the workpiece 4. Since the included angle between the first main cutting edge 131 and the first secondary cutting edge 181 is 89° to 91°, the perpendicularity between the processed side surface 41 and the bottom surface 42 can be well guaranteed.

[0120] Due to the step difference h between the first secondary cutting edge 181 and the third transition edge 193, the third transition edge 193 is located above the first secondary cutting edge 181. Therefore, the third transition edge 193 will not contact the bottom surface 42 of the workpiece 4, effectively avoiding machining interference at the bottom surface 42 of the workpiece 4.

[0121] Since the first main cutting edge 131 and the first transition edge 191 extend outward beyond the fourth transition edge 194, and the fourth transition edge 194 is farther away from the side surface 41 of the workpiece 4 than the first main cutting edge 131, the fourth transition edge 194 will not contact the side surface 41 of the workpiece 4, effectively avoiding machining interference at the side surface 41 of the workpiece 4.

[0122] In this embodiment, since the surfaces of the cutting blade 1 and the tool holder 2 that contact each other are three mutually perpendicular planes, the wall surface of the mounting groove 21 of the tool holder 2 can be set as a plane accordingly, making the machining of the tool holder 2 simple and convenient. Furthermore, since the cutting blade 1 has a corresponding clearance structure for the cutting edge, there is no need to set clearance on the tool holder 2, which also makes the manufacturing of the tool holder 2 more convenient.

[0123] Figure 11 The structure of the cutting blade 1a in the second embodiment is illustrated. Its main difference from the first embodiment is that the first surface 11a of the cutting blade 1a in this embodiment also has a primary clearance angle facet 112 along each of the first primary cutting edges 131. The four primary clearance angle facests 112 are distributed at the four corners of the first surface 11a and are respectively in contact with the restraint plane 111. Each primary clearance angle facet 112 moves closer to the second surface 12 as it moves away from the central axis L1.

[0124] In this structure, the first main cutting edge 131 is located on the intersecting edge line of the main rear face 112 and the first front face 141. The position of the first main cutting edge 131 can be adjusted by setting the main rear face 112, thereby making it easier to control the included angle between the first main cutting edge 131 and the first secondary cutting edge 181, increasing the right angle between the first main cutting edge 131 and the first secondary cutting edge 181, and thus better controlling the right angle of the machined surface.

[0125] Figure 11 The diagram only shows the primary rear facet 112 on the first surface 11a. It can be understood that, since the second surface has the same structure as the first surface 11a, it also has a primary rear facet to adjust the position of the second primary cutting edge 132. The structure of the second surface is... Figure 11 Not shown in the image.

[0126] Other structural features of the cutting blade 1a in this embodiment and its mounting on the tool holder can be referred to in the first embodiment.

[0127] Figure 12 The structure of the cutting blade 1b in the third embodiment is illustrated. The main difference between the cutting blade 1b in the third embodiment and the first embodiment is that the first surface 11b in this embodiment also has a primary rear face 112 along each primary cutting edge 131, and the first side surface 14b also has a first secondary rear face 148 along the fourth secondary cutting edge 184 and a second secondary rear face 149 along the third secondary cutting edge 183.

[0128] In this embodiment, the structure of the primary rear corner face 112 on the first surface 11b is the same as in the second embodiment. The primary rear corner face 112 and the first secondary rear corner face 148 are connected by a first transition surface 146.

[0129] In this embodiment, the side restraint surface 143 is connected to the fourth secondary cutting edge 184 via the first secondary rear corner surface 148, and to the third secondary cutting edge 183 via the second secondary rear corner surface 149. The first secondary rear corner surface 148 and the second secondary rear corner surface 149 deflect towards the central axis L1 as they move away from the side restraint surface 143.

[0130] In this structure, the position of the fourth secondary cutting edge 184 can be adjusted by the first secondary rear corner face 148. Since the fourth secondary cutting edge 184 is actually used in conjunction with the first main cutting edge 131, the included angle between the first main cutting edge 131 and the fourth secondary cutting edge 184 can be easily controlled, thereby increasing the right angle between the first main cutting edge 131 and the fourth secondary cutting edge 184, and thus better controlling the right angle of the machined surface.

[0131] Similarly, the position of the third secondary cutting edge 183 can be adjusted by the second secondary back face 149. The third secondary cutting edge 183 is actually used in conjunction with the second main cutting edge 132, thereby making it easier to control the included angle between the second main cutting edge 132 and the third secondary cutting edge 183, increasing the right angle between the second main cutting edge 132 and the third secondary cutting edge 183, and thus better controlling the right angle of the machined surface.

[0132] Other structural features of the cutting blade 1b in this embodiment and its mounting on the tool holder can also be referred to in the first embodiment.

[0133] It should be noted that in some other embodiments, the first secondary rear corner surface and the second secondary rear corner surface may only be provided on the first side, and the first surface may not have a primary rear corner surface.

[0134] Figure 13 The structure of the cutting blade 1c in the fourth embodiment is illustrated. Its main difference from that in the third embodiment is that the cutting blade 1c in this embodiment does not have a central hole, and its first surface 11c and second surface are both complete surfaces without holes.

[0135] In this embodiment, the cutting insert 1c can be clamped and fixed using a conventional clamping block device when mounted on the tool holder. (Refer to...) Figure 10 The illustrated tool holder 2 structure has a clamping block device installed approximately in front of the mounting groove 21 in the direction of rotation, pressing against one outer side of the cutting blade 1c to fix the cutting blade in the mounting groove 21. In this case, there is no need to provide a fastening hole 213 inside the mounting groove 21, and the tool holder 2 needs to have a structure on the outside of the mounting groove 21 for mounting the clamping block device.

[0136] In this embodiment, the cutting blade 1c utilizes three side restraint surfaces on its outer surfaces and a restraint plane to form a restraint, thus exhibiting high restraint stability.

[0137] Other structural features of the cutting blade 1c in this embodiment can be referred to the first to third embodiments described above.

[0138] Although the invention has been described with reference to several typical embodiments, it should be understood that the terminology used is illustrative and exemplary, and not restrictive. Since the invention can be embodied in many forms without departing from the spirit or essence of the invention, it should be understood that the above embodiments are not limited to any of the foregoing details, but should be interpreted broadly within the spirit and scope defined by the appended claims. Therefore, all variations and modifications falling within the scope of the claims or their equivalents should be covered by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A cutting blade, characterized in that, It is rotationally symmetrical about a central axis and has the following characteristics: The first surface has a restraint plane perpendicular to the central axis; The second surface is spaced apart from the first surface and is flipped symmetrical with respect to the first surface; The four identical outer surfaces are located between the first and second surfaces, and the four outer surfaces are rotationally symmetrical about the central axis. and cutting edge; The four outer surfaces include: First perspective; The second side connecting the first side; and A third side that connects to the first side and is opposite to the second side; The cutting edge includes: The first main cutting edge is located at the intersection of the first surface and the first side surface; The second main cutting edge is located at the intersection of the second surface and the first side surface; The first secondary cutting edge is located at the intersection of the first side and the second side and is in contact with the first main cutting edge; The second secondary cutting edge is located at the intersection of the first side and the third side and is in contact with the second main cutting edge; A third secondary cutting edge located at the intersection of the first and second side surfaces and close to the second surface; and The fourth secondary cutting edge is located at the intersection of the first side and the third side and is close to the first surface; The first side includes: Along the first front angle face of the first main cutting edge and the first secondary cutting edge; Along the second primary cutting edge and the second secondary cutting edge, at their second rake angles; and A side restraint surface is located between the first front angle facet and the second front angle facet. The side restraint surface connects the third secondary cutting edge and the fourth secondary cutting edge. The side restraint surface is a plane parallel to the central axis.

2. The cutting blade according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting edge also includes: The first transition blade connects the first main cutting blade and the first secondary cutting blade; The third transition edge connects to the third secondary cutting edge and is in contact with the second surface; and The fourth transition blade connects to the fourth secondary cutting blade and is in contact with the first surface; The first side also includes: A first transition surface is provided along the fourth transition edge; and The second transition surface is provided along the third transition edge.

3. The cutting blade according to claim 2, characterized in that, Viewed from the side restraint surface, the first secondary cutting edge is further away from the central axis than the third transition edge.

4. The cutting blade according to claim 2, characterized in that, Viewed from the front of the third side, the first main cutting edge and the first transition edge partially extend outward beyond the fourth transition edge.

5. The cutting blade according to claim 1, characterized in that, The included angle between the first primary cutting edge and the first secondary cutting edge is 89° to 91°.

6. The cutting insert according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The first surface also has a primary rear face along the first primary cutting edge, which moves closer to the second surface as it moves away from the central axis.

7. The cutting insert according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The first side also has a first secondary rear corner face along the fourth secondary cutting edge and a second secondary rear corner face along the third secondary cutting edge; The side restraint surface is connected to the fourth cutting edge through the first secondary rear corner surface, and to the third cutting edge through the second secondary rear corner surface; The first and second rear corner surfaces deflect toward the central axis as they move away from the side restraint surface.

8. The cutting insert according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The first side also has: A first chip removal surface connects the first front corner surface and the side restraint surface, and the first chip removal surface is also in contact with the first surface and the second side surface, respectively; and The second chip removal surface is connected between the second front corner surface and the side restraint surface, and the first chip removal surface is also connected to the second surface and the third side surface respectively.

9. The cutting blade according to claim 8, characterized in that, The projections of the first secondary cutting edge on the central axis and the third secondary cutting edge on the central axis are spaced apart; the projections of the second secondary cutting edge on the central axis and the fourth secondary cutting edge on the central axis are spaced apart.

10. A cutting tool, characterized in that, It includes a tool holder and a cutting insert as described in any one of claims 1-9, which is detachably mounted on the tool holder.

Images