A method for constructing a deep shaft entirely underground

Abstract

A kind of full-underground deep shaft excavation construction method, its steps are: S1 first constructs horizontal main tunnel;S2 according to calculation determines the position of starting chamber, and excavates the starting chamber of heading machine and makes supporting measures;S3 design an auxiliary tunnel on the side of horizontal main tunnel, and the auxiliary tunnel passes through the top of shaft;S4 complete tunnel excavation and support according to auxiliary tunnel design scheme, after heading to the top of designed shaft;S5 after binding the reinforcing steel of shaft top and shaft wall, pour the top plate of shaft top and shaft wall concrete;S6 drill a diameter 2m slag hole from top to bottom in the center of shaft;S7 after drilling through the slag hole, expand the hole from top to bottom to build the shaft.The application drills an auxiliary tunnel from the side of horizontal main tunnel, and the auxiliary tunnel passes through the top of shaft, then drills a slag hole in the center of shaft, then drills the shaft from top to bottom with large cross section, and the shaft wall follows, providing a kind of full-underground excavation construction method of shaft, without any equipment and personnel on the ground, and the concealment is very good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel and shaft construction, and in particular to a method for excavating and constructing a fully underground deep shaft. Background Technology

[0002] Under certain special conditions, when constructing shafts and tunnels that are completely buried underground, without affecting any surface structures and when the surface lacks the necessary site conditions and there are no construction personnel or equipment, the excavation, slag removal, and material feeding of the tunnels and shafts must all be completed underground. The shaft openings cannot be directly connected to the surface, and all structures must be built underground. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the above problems, this invention provides a method for constructing deep shafts and tunnels entirely underground, which meets the requirement that there are no construction personnel or equipment on the surface, eliminates the need for surface camouflage construction, saves costs, and achieves the purpose of concealed shaft drilling.

[0004] The technical solution adopted in this invention:

[0005] A method for excavating and constructing a fully underground deep vertical shaft, the steps of which are as follows:

[0006] S1 will first construct the horizontal main tunnel, using shield tunneling or cantilever tunneling machines. Blasting is not allowed for excavation. The cross-sectional dimensions of the horizontal tunnel must meet functional requirements and also accommodate the space requirements of the cantilever tunneling machine during the later uphill excavation.

[0007] S2 determines the location of the starting chamber based on calculations, determines the size of the starting chamber based on the size of the selected cantilever tunneling machine, expands outward on the horizontal main tunnel, excavates the starting chamber of the tunneling machine, and implements support measures.

[0008] S3 has an auxiliary tunnel designed on the side of the main horizontal tunnel. The auxiliary tunnel leads directly to the top of the vertical shaft. The tunneling machine is parked in the starting chamber. After installation and commissioning, a trial excavation is carried out to determine the working parameters of the tunneling machine. A small excavator is used to help remove the slag.

[0009] S4 completed the tunnel excavation and support according to the auxiliary tunnel design plan. After tunneling to the top of the designed vertical shaft, the tunneling machine withdrew from the auxiliary tunnel and expanded the space at the top of the vertical shaft.

[0010] S5 After binding the structural steel bars of the top and wall of the shaft, pour the concrete of the top slab and wall of the shaft, pre-embed the hanging bars, and cure until the strength reaches the design requirements;

[0011] S6 drills a 2m diameter chute hole from top to bottom in the center of the vertical shaft. The shaft wall is constructed as the excavation progresses. The slag is transported to the top by a small winch and then conveyed to the bottom horizontal main tunnel by a belt conveyor in the auxiliary tunnel, and then transported out by dump trucks.

[0012] After the S7 chute was opened, the hole was enlarged from top to bottom to build the well. Then the well wall was constructed from top to bottom. The slag and rock fell from the chute into the bottom horizontal main tunnel and were transported out by dump trucks.

[0013] In step S3, the tunneling machine advances uphill at a slope of 1:3, and a working platform is set up every 30 meters of horizontal distance.

[0014] In step S3, the auxiliary tunnel is initially supported according to the surrounding rock classification. The cross-sectional width of the auxiliary tunnel meets the space requirements for the arrangement of the tunneling machine and belt conveyor. A rest platform is set up every 10m in height.

[0015] In step S4, the enlarged space section at the top of the shaft is called the top enlarged end, and the diameter of the top enlarged end of the shaft is 2m larger than the diameter of the shaft.

[0016] In step S5, when constructing the top enlarged end, after completing the top secondary lining and the well wall secondary lining, pre-embed the lifting rods required for subsequent construction.

[0017] In step S6, a ring of well wall protection is applied every 1m of excavation.

[0018] In step S4, after the tunnel boring machine completes the auxiliary tunnel excavation, it returns to the starting chamber via the original route. The belt conveyor needs to be retained for subsequent chute excavation and muck removal.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention involves excavating an auxiliary tunnel from the side of the main horizontal tunnel, which leads directly to the top of the shaft. Then, a chute is drilled at the shaft center, and the shaft is excavated from top to bottom in a large cross section, with the shaft wall being excavated simultaneously. This provides a method for constructing a shaft entirely underground, with no equipment or personnel on the surface, resulting in excellent concealment. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the construction process of the present invention.

[0021] Among them: 1-Horizontal main tunnel; 2-Starting chamber; 3-Auxiliary tunnel; 4-Top enlargement end; 5-Slag chute; 6-Vertical shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0022] A method for excavating and constructing a fully underground deep vertical shaft, the steps of which are as follows:

[0023] S1 will first construct the horizontal main tunnel 1, using shield tunneling or cantilever tunneling machines. Blasting is not allowed for excavation. The cross-sectional dimensions of the horizontal tunnel must meet the functional requirements and also accommodate the space requirements of the cantilever tunneling machine during the later uphill excavation.

[0024] S2 determines the location of the starting chamber 2 based on calculations, determines the size of the starting chamber 2 based on the size of the selected cantilever tunneling machine, expands outward on the horizontal main tunnel 1, excavates the starting chamber 2 of the tunneling machine and takes support measures, determines the size of the starting chamber 2, and chiseles out the starting chamber 2 using the mining method.

[0025] S3 places the tunneling machine in the starting chamber 2. After installation and commissioning, a trial excavation is carried out to determine the working parameters of the tunneling machine. A small excavator is used to help remove the slag. The tunneling machine advances uphill at a slope of 1:3. A working platform is set up every 30 meters of horizontal distance. The auxiliary tunnel 3 is initially supported according to the surrounding rock classification. The cross-sectional width of the auxiliary tunnel 3 meets the space requirements for the tunneling machine and belt conveyor. A rest platform is set up every 10m in height.

[0026] S4 designs an auxiliary tunnel 3 on the side of the main horizontal tunnel 1. The auxiliary tunnel 3 leads directly to the top of the vertical shaft 6. The tunnel excavation and support are completed according to the design plan of the auxiliary tunnel 3. After the tunneling machine completes the excavation of the auxiliary tunnel 3, it returns to the starting chamber 2 along the original route. The belt conveyor needs to be retained for the subsequent excavation of the chute 5 for muck removal. After excavating to the top of the designed vertical shaft 6, the tunneling machine exits the auxiliary tunnel 3 and expands the space at the top of the vertical shaft 6. The diameter of the expanded end 4 at the top of the vertical shaft 6 is 2m larger than the diameter of the vertical shaft.

[0027] The top of shaft S5 needs to be enlarged. After using anchor bolts and anchor cables for top and side support, structural steel bars are tied. After tying the structural steel bars of the top and wall of shaft S5, the top slab and wall concrete of shaft S6 are poured. Pre-embedded lifting bars are used for later excavation and construction wall formwork hoisting. Curing is carried out until the strength reaches the design requirements.

[0028] S6 drills a 2m diameter chute 5 from top to bottom in the center of shaft 6. The shaft wall is constructed as the excavation progresses. The slag is transported to the top using a small winch and top pulley, and then conveyed to the bottom horizontal main tunnel 1 by a belt conveyor in auxiliary tunnel 3. It is then transported out by dump trucks. A ring of shaft wall protection is constructed every 1m of excavation to ensure the safety of construction personnel and to ensure proper ventilation inside the shaft.

[0029] After S7 opens the chute 5, it expands the hole from top to bottom to build the shaft. Then, it constructs the shaft wall from top to bottom. The slag and rock fall from the chute 5 into the bottom horizontal main tunnel 1 and are transported out by dump trucks. The shaft wall is poured in time until the construction of the entire vertical shaft 6 is completed.

[0030] In step S5, when constructing the top enlarged end 4, after completing the construction of the top secondary lining and the well wall secondary lining, pre-embed the lifting bars required for subsequent construction, which are used for later excavation and construction well wall hoisting formwork.

[0031] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0032] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0033] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0034] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the content described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the patent coverage of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for excavating and constructing a fully underground deep vertical shaft, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: S1 First, construct the horizontal main tunnel (1). The construction method is to use a shield tunneling machine or a cantilever tunneling machine. Blasting is not allowed for excavation. The cross-sectional dimensions of the horizontal tunnel must meet the functional requirements and also meet the space requirements of the cantilever tunneling machine during the later uphill excavation. S2 determines the location of the starting chamber (2) based on calculations, determines the size of the starting chamber (2) based on the size of the selected cantilever tunneling machine, expands outward on the horizontal main tunnel (1), excavates the starting chamber (2) of the tunneling machine, and takes support measures. S3 will place the tunneling machine in the starting chamber (2), and after installation and commissioning, conduct a trial excavation to determine the working parameters of the tunneling machine. A small excavator will be used to assist in the removal of slag. S4 designs an auxiliary tunnel (3) on the side of the horizontal main tunnel (1). The auxiliary tunnel (3) leads directly to the top of the vertical shaft (6). The tunnel excavation and support are completed according to the design scheme of the auxiliary tunnel (3). After the tunneling machine reaches the top of the designed vertical shaft (6), it exits the auxiliary tunnel (3) and expands the space at the top of the vertical shaft (6). After binding the structural steel bars of the top and wall of the vertical shaft (6), pour the concrete of the top slab and wall of the vertical shaft (6), pre-embed the hanging bars, and cure until the strength reaches the design requirements; S6 drills a 2m diameter chute (5) from top to bottom in the center of the vertical shaft (6). The shaft wall is constructed as the excavation progresses. The slag is transported to the top by a small winch and then conveyed to the bottom horizontal main tunnel (1) by a belt conveyor in the auxiliary tunnel (3) and transported out by dump truck. After the slag chute (5) is opened in S7, the hole is enlarged from top to bottom to build the well. Then the well wall is constructed from top to bottom. The slag falls from the slag chute (5) into the bottom horizontal main tunnel (1) and is transported out by dump truck.

2. The method for excavating and constructing a fully underground deep vertical shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the tunneling machine advances uphill at a slope of 1:3, and a working platform is set up every 30 meters of horizontal distance.

3. The method for excavating and constructing a fully underground deep vertical shaft according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S3, the auxiliary tunnel (3) is initially supported according to the surrounding rock classification. The cross-sectional width of the auxiliary tunnel (3) meets the space requirements for the arrangement of the tunneling machine and belt conveyor. A rest platform is set up every 10m in height.

4. The method for excavating and constructing a fully underground deep vertical shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the enlarged space section at the top of the shaft (6) is the top enlarged end (4), and the diameter of the top enlarged end (4) of the shaft (6) is 2m larger than the diameter of the shaft.

5. The method for excavating and constructing a fully underground deep vertical shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, when constructing the top enlarged end (4), after completing the construction of the top secondary lining and the well wall secondary lining, the hanging rods required for subsequent construction are pre-embedded.

6. The method for excavating and constructing a fully underground deep vertical shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S6, a ring of well wall protection is applied every 1m of excavation.

7. The method for excavating and constructing a fully underground deep vertical shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, after the tunneling machine completes the excavation of the auxiliary tunnel (3), it returns to the starting chamber (2) along the original route. The belt conveyor needs to be retained for the subsequent excavation of the chute (5) for slag removal.

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