Gas reservoir type two-way gas pulse tube refrigerator

Abstract

The application relates to a gas reservoir type bidirectional gas inlet pulse tube refrigerator, which comprises a compressor and a cold head, and the cold head is sequentially connected by a radiator, a regenerator, a cold heat exchanger and a pulse tube, wherein the compression cavity of the compressor is connected with the radiator and the pulse tube respectively, and a gas reservoir is arranged between the compression cavity of the compressor and the radiator of the cold head. In some embodiments, a resistance element can be arranged between the compression cavity of the compressor and the gas reservoir. The gas reservoir type bidirectional gas inlet pulse tube refrigerator can improve the phase modulation capacity and reduce the bidirectional gas inlet power loss under the condition of reducing the traveling wave component.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of refrigeration technology, and in particular relates to a gas-filled bidirectional air-inlet pulse tube refrigeration machine. Background Technology

[0002] A bidirectional intake pulse tube refrigerator connects the hot end of the pulse tube to the compressor to improve phase, but this method has limited phase adjustment capability. Moreover, to adjust the phase, the bidirectional intake airflow needs to be increased. The bidirectional intake airflow is accompanied by a traveling wave component, which represents the input work. This input work is eventually converted into heat, and is called bidirectional intake power loss or bidirectional intake loss. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the issue of bidirectional air intake power loss in existing bidirectional air intake pulse tube refrigerators, this invention provides an air-storage type bidirectional air intake pulse tube refrigerator.

[0004] This invention adds an air reservoir in front of the radiator, which generates an additional airflow component at a 90-degree angle to the pressure. When this airflow passes through the regenerator, the resulting pressure difference is at a 90-degree angle to the pressure. Combined with the pressure difference generated by the original regenerator itself at a 90-degree angle to the pressure, this allows more airflow components at a 90-degree angle to the pressure to flow through the bypass. This improves the phase adjustment capability and reduces bidirectional air intake power loss while reducing the traveling wave component.

[0005] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] This invention provides a gas-filled bidirectional air-intake pulse tube refrigerator, including a compressor and a cold head. The cold head is composed of a radiator, a regenerator, a cold energy heat exchanger, and a pulse tube connected in sequence. The compression chamber of the compressor is connected to the radiator and the pulse tube respectively. An air-filled chamber is provided between the compression chamber of the compressor and the radiator of the cold head.

[0007] In one embodiment of the invention, a phase adjuster is connected to the pulse tube of the cold head.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the phase adjuster consists of an inertial tube and a phase adjusting gas reservoir.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, a bypass regulator is provided on the pipeline between the compression chamber of the compressor and the pulse tube.

[0010] In one embodiment of the invention, the bypass regulator may be an asymmetrically structured pipe, two valves connected head-to-head or tail-to-tail, or a pipe separated by a flexible or elastic membrane. In some embodiments of the invention, the bypass regulator may be omitted, in which case its regulating resistance function may be replaced by the resistance of the second connecting pipe, which can be achieved by changing the diameter or length of the second connecting pipe.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the gas reservoir is connected to or in the connecting pipe between the compression chamber of the compressor and the radiator of the cold head, or connected in front of the radiator of the cold head, or forms a dead volume arranged in front of the radiator of the cold head.

[0012] In one embodiment of the invention, a resistance element is provided between the compression chamber of the compressor and the air reservoir. The resistance element can work with a bypass regulator to regulate the airflow and the direct current component.

[0013] In one embodiment of the invention, the resistance element is a regulating valve, a section of pipe with a certain resistance, or a pipe filled with a porous medium. If the resistance element is selected as a pipe, the resistance can be adjusted by adjusting the pipe diameter or length.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the compressor comprises a drive unit, a single-stage piston, and a single-stage cylinder. The single-stage piston and the single-stage cylinder form a single-stage compression chamber, which is respectively connected to a radiator and a pulse tube of the same cold head, or...

[0015] The compressor consists of a drive unit, a stepped piston, and a stepped cylinder. The stepped piston and stepped cylinder form multiple compression chambers, each of which is connected to the radiator and pulse tube of the same cold head.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the gas-storage type bidirectional air-intake pulse tube refrigerator is a two-stage pulse tube refrigerator, including a compressor and two cold heads, namely a first cold head and a second cold head. The compression chamber of the compressor is connected to the radiator and pulse tube in the first cold head and the second cold head, respectively. An air-storage is provided between the compression chamber of the compressor and the first cold head. A phase adjuster is connected to the pulse tube of the first cold head and the second cold head.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, when a multi-stage cold head is provided, at least one cold head has a pulse tube that uses bidirectional air intake and is connected to the compression chamber of the compressor, while the other pulse tubes may use bidirectional air intake or not, that is, be connected to or not connected to the compression chamber.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the gas-cooled bidirectional air-intake pulse tube refrigerator is a two-stage pulse tube refrigerator, a pre-cooling two-stage pulse tube refrigerator or a gas-coupled two-stage pulse tube refrigerator is selected.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, when two cold heads are arranged in series, the hot end of the pulse tube of the second cold head can be connected to the hot end of the pulse tube of the single-stage compression chamber or the first cold head, and the flow rate and DC component can be adjusted by a bypass regulator, thereby further phasing of the pulse tube of the second cold head.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present invention, N cold heads can be connected in series (N>3), in which case N compression chambers need to be set accordingly.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention, when multiple cold heads are set in series, a two-cold-head configuration can also be adopted. The flow rate and DC component are adjusted by a bypass regulator, thereby further phase-tuning of the pulse tubes of multiple cold heads.

[0022] In one embodiment of the present invention, when a stepped piston compressor is used, the number of compression chambers of the stepped piston compressor is less than the number of cold heads. In this case, multiple cold heads share a single compression chamber. The cold heads sharing the compression chamber are phase-adjusted using a bypass regulator, or one of the cold heads has a bypass phase adjuster.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present invention, when multiple cold heads are provided, the heat exchangers of different cold heads are in contact with each other through thermal bridges, which allows the cooling capacity heat exchanger in one cold head to obtain a lower cooling temperature.

[0024] The principle of this invention is as follows: An air reservoir is installed in front of the radiator to generate an additional airflow component that is 90 degrees to the pressure. When this airflow passes through the regenerator, the pressure difference generated is 90 degrees to the pressure. Combined with the pressure difference generated by the original regenerator itself, which is 90 degrees to the pressure, more airflow components that are 90 degrees to the pressure flow through the bypass. This improves the phase adjustment capability and reduces the bidirectional air intake power loss while reducing the traveling wave component.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a gas-cell type bidirectional air-intake pulse tube refrigerator. The gas-cell type bidirectional air-intake pulse tube refrigerator of the present invention can improve the phase adjustment capability and reduce the bidirectional air-intake power loss while reducing the traveling wave component. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gas-filled bidirectional air-inlet pulse tube refrigeration unit in Example 1;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gas-filled bidirectional air-inlet pulse tube refrigeration unit in Example 2;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gas-filled bidirectional air-inlet pulse tube refrigeration unit in Example 3;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gas-filled bidirectional air-inlet pulse tube refrigeration unit in Example 4;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gas-filled bidirectional air-inlet pulse tube refrigeration unit in Example 5;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gas-filled bidirectional air-inlet pulse tube refrigeration unit in Example 6;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gas-filled bidirectional air-inlet pulse tube refrigeration unit in Example 7;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gas-filled bidirectional air-inlet pulse tube refrigeration unit in Example 8;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gas-cooled bidirectional air-intake pulse tube refrigeration machine in Example 9.

[0035] The numbers in the diagram are as follows:

[0036] 10. First cold head, 11. First radiator, 12. First regenerator, 13. First cold energy heat exchanger, 14. First pulse tube, 141. First cold end flow equalizer, 142. First hot end flow equalizer, 143. Thermal bridge, 151. First stage inertial tube, 152. First stage phase-adjusting gas storage.

[0037] 20. Second cold head; 21. Second radiator; 22. Second regenerator; 22a. Second pre-cooling heat exchanger; 22b. Second stage regenerator; 23. Second cold capacity heat exchanger; 24. Second pulse tube; 241. Second cold end flow equalizer; 242. Second hot end flow equalizer; 25. Second stage regenerator; 251. Second stage inertial tube; 252. Second stage phase-adjusting gas storage.

[0038] 41. Drive unit; 42a. Single-stage piston; 43a. Single-stage cylinder; 44a. Single-stage compression chamber; 42. Stepped piston; 43. Stepped cylinder; 44. First compression chamber; 45. Second compression chamber; 46. Third compression chamber.

[0039] 441, First connecting pipe; 451, Second connecting pipe; 441b, Resistance element; 461, Third connecting pipe; 451a, First bypass regulator; 461a, Second bypass regulator;

[0040] 61. Gas storage facility. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0042] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0043] Furthermore, in this invention, descriptions involving "first," "second," etc., are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0044] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0045] Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but only if they are feasible for those skilled in the art. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] refer to Figure 1 This embodiment provides a gas-filled bidirectional air-intake pulse tube refrigerator, including a compressor and a first cold head 10. The compression chamber of the compressor is connected to the first cold head 10, and a gas-filled chamber 61 is provided between the compression chamber of the compressor and the first cold head 10.

[0048] In this embodiment, the first cold head 10 is formed by sequentially connecting the first radiator 11, the first regenerator 12, the first cold energy heat exchanger 13, and the first pulse tube 14, wherein the first pulse tube 14 has a first cold end flow equalizer 141 and a first hot end flow equalizer 142 at both ends.

[0049] The first pulse tube 14 (specifically the first hot end flow equalizer 142) is also connected to a phase adjuster consisting of the first stage inertial tube 151 and the first stage phase-adjusting gas reservoir 152.

[0050] In this embodiment, the compressor consists of a drive unit 41, a single-stage piston 42a, and a single-stage cylinder 43a. The single-stage piston 42a and the single-stage cylinder 43a form a single-stage compression chamber 44a, which is connected to the first radiator 11 via a first connecting pipe 441. The single-stage compression chamber 44a is also connected to the first pulse tube 14 (specifically, the first hot-end flow equalizer 142) via a second connecting pipe 451.

[0051] In this embodiment, the first radiator 11 is also connected to an air reservoir 61.

[0052] refer to Figure 1 The first radiator 11 and the air reservoir 61 can be connected by the first connecting pipe 441.

[0053] In this embodiment, the first pulse tube 14 (specifically the first hot end flow equalizer 142) is also connected to the first bypass regulator 451a.

[0054] refer to Figure 1 The first bypass regulator 451a and the first pulse tube 14 (specifically the first hot end flow equalizer 142) can be connected by the second connecting pipe 451.

[0055] During operation, the drive unit 41 drives the single-stage piston 42a to reciprocate, generating pressure waves and reciprocating airflow, inputting work to the first cold head 10. The gas expands at the cold end (lower part in the figure) of the first pulse tube 14, doing work to cool it down. The expansion work is transmitted to the hot end (upper part in the figure) of the first pulse tube 14 and then dissipates as heat in the first-stage inertial tube 151.

[0056] refer to Figure 1 In this embodiment, since the hot end of the first pulse tube 14 and the hot end of the first regenerator 12 are both connected to the single-stage compression chamber 44a, gas enters and exits the first pulse tube 14 from both ends, hence it is called a bidirectional intake pulse tube refrigerator.

[0057] In this embodiment, the gas in the single-stage compression chamber 44a also flows to the hot end of the first pulse tube 14 through the second connecting pipe 451 for phase adjustment. The first bypass regulator 451a is used to adjust the flow rate and control the DC component. The gas reservoir 61 generates a gas flow component at a 90-degree angle to the pressure, thereby increasing the pressure difference component at a 90-degree angle to the pressure across the first regenerator 12, and further increasing the component at a 90-degree angle to the pressure in the gas flow through the second connecting pipe 451, thus enhancing the phase adjustment effect.

[0058] Ideally, the component of gas flowing through the second connecting pipe 451 with a 90-degree angle to the pressure should be as large as possible. The first bypass regulator 451a cannot completely control the DC component, but it will suppress the DC component within a certain range. Otherwise, a large airflow would circulate from the first regenerator 12 through the first pulse tube 14 through the single-stage compression chamber 44a, or vice versa, thereby disrupting the refrigeration operation. This airflow is called the DC component.

[0059] Further reference Figure 1 In this embodiment, the first bypass regulator 451a may be a pipe with an asymmetrical structure, or two valves that are connected head to head or tail to tail, or a pipe separated by a flexible or elastic membrane.

[0060] The requirement for the first bypass regulator 451a is that it has a certain resistance, and the resistance is different in the forward and reverse flow directions to control the DC component.

[0061] The resistance adjustment function of the bypass regulator 451a can be replaced by the resistance of the second connecting pipe 451, which can be achieved by changing its diameter or length.

[0062] Further reference Figure 1 In this embodiment, the phase adjustment capability can be adjusted by regulating the volume of the gas reservoir 61. Theoretically, when the volume of the gas reservoir 61 is infinitely large, the gas flowing through the second connecting pipe 451 consists entirely of airflow components at a 90-degree angle to the pressure. In this case, the single-stage compression chamber 44a only inputs work to the first cold head 10, and the input work to the hot end of the first pulse tube 14 is zero. When the volume of the gas reservoir 61 is small, the airflow flowing through the second connecting pipe 451 includes an airflow component at a 0-degree angle to the pressure. This part is called a traveling wave, which is the input work to the hot end of the first pulse tube 14. Ultimately, it is dissipated as heat in the first-stage inertial tube 151, and is called the bidirectional intake loss. Controlling the volume of the gas reservoir 61 can control the bidirectional intake loss.

[0063] For small pulse tube refrigerators, due to the small expansion work of the pulse tube, the oscillation of the gas in the first-stage inertial tube 151 is insufficient to generate a sufficient airflow component at a 90-degree angle to the pressure. Bidirectional air intake not only generates its own airflow component at a 90-degree angle to the pressure for phasing, but its accompanying work also enhances the oscillation of the first-stage inertial tube 151, causing it to generate more airflow components at a 90-degree angle to the pressure. This achieves a dual phasing effect. For large pulse tube refrigerators, the expansion work of the pulse tube is large enough, making bidirectional air intake unnecessary.

[0064] Based on this embodiment, if the phase adjustment effect of bidirectional air intake is large enough, the first-stage inertial tube 151 can be replaced by a small hole, a valve, or a capillary tube.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] refer to Figure 2 This embodiment provides another type of air-storage type bidirectional air-intake pulse tube refrigerator, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that, in this embodiment, a resistance element 441b is provided between the single-stage compression chamber 44a and the air-storage chamber 61.

[0067] refer to Figure 2 In this embodiment, the resistance element 441b is used to adjust the resistance between the air reservoir 61 and the single-stage compression chamber 44a, thereby separating the air reservoir 61 from the single-stage compression chamber 44a.

[0068] In this embodiment, the resistance element 441b can be a regulating valve, a section of pipe with a certain resistance, or a pipe filled with a porous medium.

[0069] If the resistance element is selected as a tube, the resistance can be adjusted by adjusting the tube diameter or length.

[0070] Based on this embodiment, in some alternative embodiments, the resistance element 441b may also work together with the first bypass regulator 451a to assist in regulating the DC airflow component. For example, the first bypass regulator 451a may be a valve, and the resistance element 441b may be a valve, arranged head-to-head or tail-to-tail.

[0071] The principle is as follows: the airflow through the first bypass regulator 451 is controlled by the pressure drop between the single-stage compression chamber 44a and the first cold energy heat exchanger 13. If there is no resistance element 441b, it is basically controlled by the pressure drop between the first radiator 11 and the first cold energy heat exchanger 13. Then the function of the air reservoir 61 is weakened. If the resistance of the first connecting pipe 441 is very small, the function of the air reservoir 61 is even negligible.

[0072] Example 3

[0073] refer to Figure 3 This embodiment provides another type of air-storage type bidirectional air-inlet pulse tube refrigerator, which differs from embodiment 2 in that, in this embodiment, the air-storage 61 is connected to the first connecting pipe 441.

[0074] Based on this embodiment, in some alternative embodiments, the first air reservoir 61 may also be connected to the front of the first radiator 11, or become a dead volume arranged in front of the first radiator 11.

[0075] Example 4

[0076] refer to Figure 4 This embodiment provides another type of air-storage type bidirectional air-inlet pulse tube refrigerator, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that, in this embodiment, the air-storage type bidirectional air-inlet pulse tube refrigerator includes a compressor and a first cold head 10.

[0077] refer to Figure 4 In this embodiment, the first cold head 10 is formed by sequentially connecting the first radiator 11, the first regenerator 12, the first cold energy heat exchanger 13, and the first pulse tube 14, wherein the first pulse tube 14 has a first cold end flow equalizer 141 and a first hot end flow equalizer 142 at both ends.

[0078] The first pulse tube 14 (specifically the first hot end flow equalizer 142) is also connected to a phase adjuster consisting of the first stage inertial tube 151 and the first stage phase-adjusting gas reservoir 152.

[0079] refer to Figure 4In this embodiment, the compressor is composed of a drive unit 41, a stepped piston 42 and a stepped cylinder 43. The stepped piston 42 and the stepped cylinder 43 form a first compression chamber 44 and a second compression chamber 45. The first compression chamber 44 is connected to the first radiator 11 through a first connecting pipe 441, and the second compression chamber 45 is connected to the first pulse tube 14 through a second connecting pipe 451.

[0080] Further reference Figure 4 In this embodiment, the second compression chamber 45 is connected to the first hot end equalizer 142 of the first pulse tube 14 via the second connecting pipe 451.

[0081] Further reference Figure 4 In this embodiment, the first radiator 11 is also connected to an air reservoir 61.

[0082] Further reference Figure 4 The first radiator 11 and the air reservoir 61 can be connected by the first connecting pipe 441.

[0083] During operation, the drive unit 41 drives the stepped piston 42 to reciprocate, generating pressure waves and inputting power to the first cold head 10. Gas flows through the cold end of the first pulse tube 14 (i.e., the portion near the first cold end flow equalizer 141). Figure 4 (As shown in the lower part) Expansion does work to cool the area, and the expansion work is transmitted to the hot end of the first pulse tube 14 (i.e., the part near the first hot end flow equalizer 142). Figure 4 (As shown in the upper part), and then it is lost as heat in the first-stage inertial tube 151.

[0084] Using the structure of this embodiment, the gas in the second compression chamber 45 also flows through the second connecting pipe 451 to the hot end of the first pulse tube 14 for phase adjustment.

[0085] and Figure 1 Compared to the first bypass regulator 451a in the previous embodiment, in this embodiment, the first compression chamber 44 and the second compression chamber 45 are physically separated, with no DC component, resulting in smoother operation. Theoretically, the ratio of power input to the first cold head 10 to power input to the pulse tube hot end is the scavenging volume ratio of the first compression chamber 44 and the second compression chamber 45. Power input to the pulse tube hot end is a loss; therefore, when the volume of the gas reservoir 61 is increased, the volume of the first compression chamber 44 also increases, thus reducing bidirectional intake power loss.

[0086] Example 5

[0087] refer to Figure 5This embodiment provides another type of gas-storage type bidirectional air-intake pulse tube refrigerator, specifically a pre-cooling type two-stage pulse tube refrigerator. Unlike embodiment 4, in this embodiment, the gas-storage type bidirectional air-intake pulse tube refrigerator includes a compressor and two cold heads, namely a first cold head 10 and a second cold head 20. The compressor's compression chamber is connected to both the first cold head 10 and the second cold head 20, and a gas-storage 61 is disposed between the compressor's compression chamber and the first cold head 10.

[0088] refer to Figure 5 In this embodiment, the first cold head 10 is formed by sequentially connecting the first radiator 11, the first regenerator 12, the first cold energy heat exchanger 13, and the first pulse tube 14, wherein the first pulse tube 14 has a first cold end flow equalizer 141 and a first hot end flow equalizer 142 at both ends.

[0089] The second cold head 20 is formed by sequentially connecting the second radiator 21, the second regenerator 22, the second pre-cooling heat exchanger 22a, the second stage regenerator 22b, the second cold energy heat exchanger 23, and the second pulse tube 24, wherein the second pulse tube 24 has a second cold end flow equalizer 241 and a second hot end flow equalizer 242 at both ends.

[0090] The second pulse tube 24 is connected to the second phase adjuster, which consists of a second-stage inertial tube 251 and a second-stage gas reservoir 252. The second pre-cooling heat exchanger 22a is in contact with the first cold energy heat exchanger 13 through a thermal bridge 143, so that the second-stage cold energy heat exchanger 23 can obtain a lower cooling temperature.

[0091] refer to Figure 5 In this embodiment, the compressor comprises a drive unit 41, a stepped piston 42, and a stepped cylinder 43. The stepped piston 42 and the stepped cylinder 43 form a first compression chamber 44, a second compression chamber 45, and a third compression chamber 46. The first compression chamber 44 is connected to the first radiator 11 and the second radiator 21 via a first connecting pipe 441. The second compression chamber 45 is connected to the first pulse vessel 14 via a second connecting pipe 451. The third compression chamber 46 is connected to the second pulse vessel 24 via a third connecting pipe 461.

[0092] Further reference Figure 5 In this embodiment, the second compression chamber 45 is connected to the first hot end equalizer 142 of the first pulse tube 14 via the second connecting pipe 451.

[0093] Further reference Figure 5 In this embodiment, the first radiator 11 is also connected to an air reservoir 61.

[0094] Further reference Figure 5 The first radiator 11 and the air reservoir 61 can be connected by the first connecting pipe 441.

[0095] During operation, the first compression chamber 44 is used to supply power for cooling the first cold head 10 and the second cold head 20, while the second compression chamber 45 and the third compression chamber 46 respectively adjust the phase of the first pulse tube 14 and the second pulse tube 24. Due to the presence of the air reservoir 61, as in Embodiment 4, the ratio of the second compression chamber 45 and the third compression chamber 46 to the first compression chamber 44 can be reduced, thereby reducing the power loss of bidirectional air intake.

[0096] Example 6

[0097] refer to Figure 6 This embodiment provides another type of air-storage type bidirectional air-intake pulse tube refrigerator, which differs from embodiment 5 in that, in this embodiment, the air-storage type bidirectional air-intake pulse tube refrigerator includes a compressor and two cold heads, namely a first cold head 10 and a second cold head 20. The compression chamber of the compressor is connected to the first cold head 10 and the second cold head 20 respectively, and an air-storage 61 is provided between the compression chamber of the compressor and the first cold head 10.

[0098] refer to Figure 6 In this embodiment, the first cold head 10 is formed by sequentially connecting the first radiator 11, the first regenerator 12, the first cold energy heat exchanger 13, and the first pulse tube 14, wherein the first pulse tube 14 has a first cold end flow equalizer 141 and a first hot end flow equalizer 142 at both ends.

[0099] The second cold head 20 is formed by sequentially connecting the second radiator 21, the second regenerator 22, the second pre-cooling heat exchanger 22a, the second stage regenerator 22b, the second cold energy heat exchanger 23, and the second pulse tube 24, wherein the second pulse tube 24 has a second cold end flow equalizer 241 and a second hot end flow equalizer 242 at both ends.

[0100] The second pulse tube 24 is connected to the second phase adjuster, which consists of a second-stage inertial tube 251 and a second-stage gas reservoir 252. The second pre-cooling heat exchanger 22a is in contact with the first cold energy heat exchanger 13 through a thermal bridge 143, so that the second-stage cold energy heat exchanger 23 can obtain a lower cooling temperature.

[0101] refer to Figure 6 In this embodiment, the compressor comprises a drive unit 41, a stepped piston 42, and a stepped cylinder 43. The stepped piston 42 and the stepped cylinder 43 form a first compression chamber 44 and a second compression chamber 45. The first compression chamber 44 is connected to the first radiator 11 and the second radiator 21 via a first connecting pipe 441. The second compression chamber 45 is connected to the first pulse vessel 14 via a second connecting pipe 451. The second compression chamber 45 is also connected to the second pulse vessel 24 via a third connecting pipe 461.

[0102] Further reference Figure 6 In this embodiment, the second compression chamber 45 is connected to the first hot end equalizer 142 of the first pulse tube 14 via the second connecting pipe 451.

[0103] Further reference Figure 6 In this embodiment, the first radiator 11 is also connected to an air reservoir 61.

[0104] Further reference Figure 6 The first radiator 11 and the air reservoir 61 can be connected by the first connecting pipe 441.

[0105] In this embodiment, the first-stage vascular 14 and the second-stage vascular 24 share a second compression chamber 45.

[0106] Furthermore, unlike Embodiment 5, in this embodiment, a first bypass regulator 451a is provided between the second compression chamber 45 and the first pulse duct 14.

[0107] The first bypass regulator 451a is used to control the airflow distribution and the DC component.

[0108] Example 7

[0109] refer to Figure 7 This embodiment provides another type of air-storage type bidirectional air-intake pulse tube refrigerator, which differs from embodiment 6 in that, in this embodiment, the first compression chamber 44 is connected to the first radiator 11 and the second radiator 21 through the first connecting pipe 441, and the second compression chamber 45 is connected to the second pulse tube 24 through the third connecting pipe 461.

[0110] In this embodiment, the second compression chamber 45 is not connected to the first vascular duct 14.

[0111] refer to Figure 7 The first-stage cold head 10 uses a simple inertial tube phase adjuster. Generally, the first stage has a large cooling capacity and a large expansion work, so bidirectional air intake is not required.

[0112] Of course, if the cooling capacity of the second stage is large and the cooling capacity of the first stage is small, then the second stage does not need bidirectional air intake, while the first stage does.

[0113] Example 8

[0114] refer to Figure 8 This embodiment provides another type of air-storage type bidirectional air-intake pulse tube refrigerator, which differs from embodiment 7 in that the compressor used in this embodiment has a single-stage compression chamber 44a.

[0115] Specifically, in this embodiment, the compressor consists of a drive unit 41, a single-stage piston 42a, and a single-stage cylinder 43a, with the single-stage piston 42a and the single-stage cylinder 43a forming a single-stage compression chamber 44a.

[0116] In this embodiment, the single-stage compression chamber 44a is connected to the first heat sink 11 and the second heat sink 21 via a first connecting pipe 441. Simultaneously, the single-stage compression chamber 44a is connected to the second pulse vessel 24 via a third connecting pipe 461.

[0117] In this embodiment, the single-stage compression chamber 44a is not connected to the first vasculature 14.

[0118] Furthermore, unlike Embodiment 7, in this embodiment, a second bypass regulator 461a is provided between the single-stage compression chamber 44a and the second pulse 24.

[0119] The second bypass regulator 461a is used to control the airflow distribution and the DC component.

[0120] In this embodiment, the second-stage pulse duct 24 adopts bidirectional air intake.

[0121] Example 9

[0122] refer to Figure 9 This embodiment provides another type of air-storage type bidirectional air-inlet pulse tube refrigeration unit.

[0123] In this embodiment, the gas-cooled bidirectional air-intake pulse tube refrigerator is a gas-coupled two-stage pulse tube refrigerator.

[0124] refer to Figure 9 In this embodiment, a first-stage cold head is formed by sequentially connecting a first radiator 11, a first regenerator 12, a first cold energy heat exchanger 13, and a first pulse tube 14. The first pulse tube 14 has a first cold-end flow equalizer 141 and a first hot-end flow equalizer 142 at both ends. The hot end of the first pulse tube is also connected to a phase adjuster composed of a first-stage inertial tube 151 and a first-stage gas reservoir 152. A second-stage cold head is formed by sequentially connecting a second-stage regenerator 22b, a second cold energy heat exchanger 23, and a second pulse tube 24. The second pulse tube 24 is connected to a second phase adjuster, which is composed of a second-stage inertial tube 251 and a second-stage gas reservoir 252. The second-stage regenerator 22b is connected to the first cold energy heat exchanger 13, and the second pulse tube 24 is placed inside the first pulse tube 14 and the second-stage regenerator 22b. The first pulse tube 14 is placed inside the first regenerator 12.

[0125] refer to Figure 9 In this embodiment, the compressor comprises a drive unit 41, a stepped piston 42, and a stepped cylinder 43. The stepped piston 42 and the stepped cylinder 43 form a first compression chamber 44, a second compression chamber 45, and a third compression chamber 46. The first compression chamber 44 is connected to the first radiator 11 via a first connecting pipe 441. The second compression chamber 45 is connected to the first pulse vessel 14 via a second connecting pipe 451. The third compression chamber 46 is connected to the second pulse vessel 24 via a third connecting pipe 461.

[0126] refer to Figure 9 and Figure 5 One difference between this embodiment and embodiment 5 is that one is a pre-cooling type and the other is a gas coupling type.

[0127] refer to Figure 9 Based on this embodiment, the second compression chamber 45 and the third compression chamber 46 can be replaced by a bypass regulator, so that the compressor can be a single-stage compressor.

[0128] refer to Figure 9 Based on this embodiment, if the cooling capacity of the first or second stage is large enough, the compression chamber connected to it can be omitted.

[0129] Example 10

[0130] The first cold head 10 in Example 1 is coaxial.

[0131] Unlike Embodiment 1, in this embodiment, the first cold head 10 can also be other types, such as U-shaped, straight, or the first regenerator 12 and the first pulse tube 14 are at a certain angle.

[0132] In the above embodiments, the phase adjuster can be other forms, such as a push piston, a piston, a small-hole gas reservoir, etc. Among them, the inertial tube degenerates into a capillary tube, which is a small-hole gas reservoir type phase adjuster; the inertial tube can also be replaced by a valve, thus becoming a small-hole gas reservoir type phase adjuster.

[0133] Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, three-stage or multi-stage pulse tube refrigerators can also be made. Each stage can use cylinders or bypass phase adjustment. The phase adjuster for each stage of the pulse tube can be an inertial tube, a small hole, a valve, or other phase adjusters, such as a push piston, a piston, etc.

[0134] The drive can be a linear compressor or other drive mechanism. A compressor consisting of a stepped piston and a stepped cylinder can be called a stepped compressor.

[0135] When setting up a multi-stage cooling head, at least one cooling head's pulse tube adopts bidirectional air intake and is connected to the compressor's compression chamber. Other pulse tubes may or may not adopt bidirectional air intake, that is, they may or may not be connected to the compression chamber.

[0136] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and use the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gas-cooled bidirectional air-intake pulse tube refrigerator, comprising a compressor and a cold head, wherein the cold head is composed of a radiator, a regenerator, a cooling capacity heat exchanger, and pulse tubes connected in sequence, characterized in that, The compressor's compression chamber is connected to the radiator and the pulse tube respectively, and an air reservoir is set between the compressor's compression chamber and the radiator of the cold head. The gas reservoir is connected to the connecting pipe between the compressor's compression chamber and the radiator of the cold head, or connected in the connecting pipe, or connected in front of the radiator of the cold head, or becomes a dead volume arranged in front of the radiator of the cold head. By utilizing the gas reservoir to generate an additional airflow component at a 90-degree angle to the pressure, the pressure difference generated when this airflow passes through the regenerator is at a 90-degree angle to the pressure. Combined with the pressure difference generated by the original regenerator itself at a 90-degree angle to the pressure, this allows more airflow components at a 90-degree angle to the pressure to flow through the bypass, thereby improving the phase adjustment capability and reducing bidirectional air intake power loss while reducing the traveling wave component.

2. The air-cooled bidirectional air-intake pulse tube refrigeration unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, A phase adjuster is connected to the pulse tube of the cold head.

3. The air-cooled bidirectional air-intake pulse tube refrigeration unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, A bypass regulator is installed on the pipeline between the compressor chamber and the pulse tube.

4. A gas-cooled bidirectional air-intake pulse tube refrigeration unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, A resistance element is installed between the compressor chamber and the gas reservoir.

5. A gas-cooled bidirectional air-intake pulse tube refrigeration unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compressor consists of a drive unit, a single-stage piston, and a single-stage cylinder. The single-stage piston and single-stage cylinder form a single-stage compression chamber, which is connected to the radiator and pulse tube of the same cold head, respectively. The compressor consists of a drive unit, a stepped piston, and a stepped cylinder. The stepped piston and stepped cylinder form multiple compression chambers, each of which is connected to the radiator and pulse tube of the same cold head.

6. A gas-cooled bidirectional air-intake pulse tube refrigeration unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, When a multi-stage cooling head is installed, at least one pulse tube must be connected to the compressor's compression chamber.

7. A gas-cooled bidirectional air-intake pulse tube refrigeration unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air-storage type bidirectional intake pulse tube refrigerator is a two-stage pulse tube refrigerator, consisting of a compressor and two cold heads, namely the first cold head and the second cold head. The compressor's compression chamber is connected to the radiator and pulse tube in the first cold head and the second cold head, respectively. An air reservoir is provided between the compressor chamber and the first cold head, and phase adjusters are connected to the pulse tubes of the first and second cold heads.

8. A gas-cooled bidirectional air-intake pulse tube refrigeration unit according to claim 7, characterized in that, When using a stepped piston compressor, the number of compression chambers is less than the number of cold heads. In this case, multiple cold heads share a single compression chamber, and the cold heads sharing the compression chamber use a bypass regulator to adjust the phase.

9. A gas-cooled bidirectional air-intake pulse tube refrigeration unit according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the gas-cooled bidirectional inlet pulse tube refrigerator is a two-stage pulse tube refrigerator, select either a pre-cooling type two-stage pulse tube refrigerator or a gas-coupled type two-stage pulse tube refrigerator.

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