Quantum measurement method and apparatus

Abstract

The application discloses a quantum measurement method and device, and belongs to the technical field of quantum. The method comprises the following steps: processing an atomic group, so that the magnetic moment of the atomic group performs uniform circular rotation movement, and the angular velocity of the magnetic moment of the atomic group is obtained; arranging first detection light and second detection light, the first detection light and the second detection light are used for detecting the magnetic moment of the atomic group; obtaining a first time when the first detection light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group and a second time when the second detection light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group; and determining the angle between the first detection light and the second detection light based on the first time, the second time and the angular velocity of the magnetic moment of the atomic group.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of quantum technology, specifically relating to a quantum measurement method and device. Background Technology

[0002] Quantum precision measurement is an emerging interdisciplinary field of quantum mechanics and metrology, and it belongs to a highly challenging international frontier scientific research area.

[0003] Traditional classical sensing technologies based on microelectronics have gradually reached their physical limits, posing a severe challenge to the development of precision measurement technologies. New measurement technologies based on quantum effects are beginning to emerge. Quantum precision measurement technologies can achieve various measurements that are impossible with classical methods; however, the accuracy of existing quantum measurement technologies is relatively low and cannot meet measurement requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a quantum measurement method and apparatus that can solve the problem of low accuracy in existing quantum measurement technologies.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a quantum measurement method, the method comprising:

[0006] The atomic group is processed to make the magnetic moment of the atomic group rotate in a uniform circular motion, and the angular velocity of the magnetic moment of the atomic group is obtained.

[0007] A first detector beam and a second detector beam are arranged, and the first detector beam and the second detector beam are used to detect the magnetic moment of the atomic group;

[0008] The first moment when the first probe light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group and the second moment when the second probe light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group are obtained;

[0009] The angle between the first probe light and the second probe light is determined based on the first time point, the second time point, and the angular velocity of the magnetic moment of the atomic group.

[0010] Optionally, the treatment of the atomic group to cause the magnetic moment of the atomic group to undergo uniform circular rotation includes:

[0011] A static magnetic field is applied to the atomic group along the first direction;

[0012] Pump light is applied to the atomic group along the first direction;

[0013] A radio frequency magnetic field is applied to the atomic group along a second direction and a third direction to cause the magnetic moment of the atomic group to rotate in a uniform circular motion around the first direction, wherein the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other, and the first direction is perpendicular to both the second direction and the third direction.

[0014] Optionally, determining the angle between the first probe beam and the second probe beam based on the first time moment, the second time moment, and the angular velocity of the magnetic moment includes:

[0015] Based on the first time point and the second time point, determine the target time difference;

[0016] The angle between the first probe light and the second probe light is determined based on the target time difference and the angular velocity of the magnetic moment.

[0017] Optionally, the position of the first probe light relative to the atomic group remains unchanged, while the position of the second probe light relative to the first probe light is variable.

[0018] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a quantum measurement device, the device comprising:

[0019] An atomic processing module is used to process atomic clusters to cause the magnetic moments of the atomic clusters to undergo uniform circular rotation and to obtain the angular velocity of the magnetic moments of the atomic clusters.

[0020] A probe light arrangement module is used to arrange a first probe light and a second probe light, the first probe light and the second probe light being used to detect the magnetic moment of the atomic group;

[0021] The acquisition module is used to acquire the first moment when the first probe light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group and the second moment when the second probe light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group;

[0022] The determining module is used to determine the angle between the first probe light and the second probe light based on the first time moment, the second time moment, and the angular velocity of the magnetic moment of the atomic group.

[0023] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a quantum measurement device, the device comprising an atomic processing component, a first probe, and a second probe. The atomic processing component includes a gas chamber, a heating structure, and a uniform speed processing component. The atomic cluster is placed in the gas chamber, which is filled with an inert gas. The gas chamber is disposed within the heating structure. The uniform speed processing component is disposed outside the heating structure and is used to apply a magnetic field and a light field to the atomic cluster to cause the magnetic moment of the atomic cluster to rotate in a uniform circular motion. The first probe and the second probe are disposed outside the heating structure, with the light outlet of the first probe facing the atomic cluster and the light outlet of the second probe facing the atomic cluster. The second probe and the first probe are arranged circumferentially around the atomic cluster.

[0024] Optionally, the uniform processing component includes a laser, a first magnetic field coil, a second magnetic field coil, and a third magnetic field coil; the laser, the first magnetic field coil, the second magnetic field coil, and the third magnetic field coil are all disposed outside the heating structure; the coil plane of the first magnetic field coil is perpendicular to a first direction and arranged towards the atomic cluster; the light outlet of the laser is parallel to the first direction and arranged towards the atomic cluster; the coil plane of the second magnetic field coil is perpendicular to a second direction and arranged towards the atomic cluster; the coil plane of the third magnetic field coil is perpendicular to a third direction and arranged towards the atomic cluster; the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular, and the first direction is perpendicular to both the second direction and the third direction.

[0025] Optionally, the atomic processing assembly further includes a magnetic field shielding cylinder, wherein the gas chamber, the heating structure, the first magnetic field coil, the second magnetic field coil, and the third magnetic field coil are all located inside the magnetic field shielding cylinder, and the laser, the first probe, and the second probe are all located outside the magnetic field shielding cylinder.

[0026] Optionally, the atomic processing component further includes a first optical processing component, a second optical processing component, and a third optical processing component;

[0027] The first light processing component is disposed between the light outlet of the first probe and the magnetic field shielding cylinder, and the first light processing component is used to adjust the first detection light emitted by the first probe;

[0028] The second light processing component is disposed between the light outlet of the second probe and the magnetic field shielding cylinder, and the second light processing component is used to adjust the second detection light emitted by the second probe;

[0029] The third optical processing component is disposed between the light output port of the laser and the magnetic field shielding cylinder, and the third optical processing component is used to adjust the pump light emitted by the laser.

[0030] Optionally, the first probe is a fixed probe, and the second probe is a moving probe.

[0031] In this embodiment, a high-uniform-speed motion is constructed using atomic spins, which is to obtain the uniform circular rotation of the magnetic moment of the atomic cluster as a time reference, forming a "time grating". This eliminates the need for the traditional "space grating" structure and does not require high-precision periodic grating lines as a displacement measurement reference, making it more convenient to use. Furthermore, by obtaining the precise first and second moments, the angular displacement of the atomic cluster can be determined, thereby determining the angle between the first and second probe beams, which greatly improves the accuracy of quantum measurement. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart illustrating the quantum measurement method provided in this application embodiment;

[0033] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the movement of atomic groups in their natural state;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the motion of an atomic group under the influence of a static magnetic field.

[0035] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the motion of an atomic group under the influence of a static magnetic field and pump light.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the motion of an atomic group under the influence of a static magnetic field, pump light, and a radio frequency magnetic field in one direction.

[0037] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the motion of an atomic group under the influence of a static magnetic field, pump light, and radio frequency magnetic fields in two directions;

[0038] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between magnetization in two coordinate systems.

[0039] Figure 8(a) is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the atomic cluster and the first and second probe beams under the influence of a static magnetic field, pump light, and radio frequency magnetic fields in two directions.

[0040] Figure 8(b) is a schematic diagram of the principle of determining the angle between the first and second probe beams based on the angular velocity of the magnetic moment of the atomic group at the first and second time points.

[0041] Figure 9 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the quantum measurement device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0042] Figure 10 This is a second schematic diagram of the structure of the quantum measurement device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0044] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such use of data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and the number of objects is not limited; for example, a first object can be one or more. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0045] The quantum measurement method provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, through specific embodiments and application scenarios.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown in the embodiments of this application, the quantum measurement method includes the following steps:

[0047] Step S1: Process the atomic cluster to induce uniform circular rotation of its magnetic moment, and obtain the angular velocity of the atomic cluster's magnetic moment.

[0048] Atomic spin is an intrinsic property of atoms, encompassing both nuclear spin and electron spin; it is a "natural" form of motion. Atom spin possesses angular momentum and generates a spin magnetic moment μ. However, as... Figure 2 As shown, in their natural state, the directions of atomic spin are random. Under these conditions, it is impossible to use atomic spin phenomena for measurement work. Even if the spin magnetic moment of an atom is measured by an instrument, the resulting angular displacement of the atom will be inaccurate.

[0049] This application's embodiments utilize the effects of light and magnetic fields on atoms. For example, when an atom is affected by a static magnetic field, the atomic nucleus is influenced by a torque, causing changes in the movement of the atom's magnetic moment. Similarly, when an atom is affected by a light field, unidirectional polarization of the atom's magnetic moment occurs, also affecting its movement. Therefore, by applying appropriate light and magnetic fields to an atomic cluster, the magnetic moment of the cluster undergoes uniform circular rotation. It should be noted that the magnetic moment of the cluster is measured while it is in uniform circular rotation, and the precise angular displacement of the cluster is obtained based on its angular velocity.

[0050] Step S2: Deploy a first detector beam and a second detector beam, which are used to detect the magnetic moment of the atomic group.

[0051] It should be noted that the first and second probe beams can be linearly polarized light. The lines connecting the first and second probe beams to the atomic cluster are both located in the same plane, and there is a certain angle between these lines, meaning the first and second probe beams are directed towards the atomic cluster from different directions. The magnetic rectangle of the atomic cluster, undergoing uniform circular rotation, forms a rotating magnetic field. When the rotating magnetic field reaches the position of either the first or second probe beam, a change in the optical signal will occur in either beam.

[0052] Step S3: Obtain the first moment when the first probe light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group and the second moment when the second probe light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group.

[0053] Understandably, when the first probe light detects the rotating magnetic field formed by the magnetic moments of the atomic clusters, the time information at that moment is recorded, i.e., the first moment. When the second probe light detects the rotating magnetic field formed by the magnetic moments of the atomic clusters, the time information at that moment is recorded, i.e., the second moment.

[0054] Step S4: Determine the angle between the first probe light and the second probe light based on the first time moment, the second time moment, and the angular velocity of the magnetic moment of the atomic group.

[0055] Based on the first and second time points and the angular velocity of the atomic cluster's magnetic moment, the angular displacement of the atomic cluster is determined. Understandably, the angular displacement of the atomic cluster coincides with the angle between the first and second probe beams; therefore, the angle between the first and second probe beams can be derived. The angular velocity of the atomic cluster's magnetic moment can be obtained by real-time detection of the period of the first probe beam signal.

[0056] Therefore, in the quantum measurement method of this application embodiment, a high uniform speed motion is constructed by using atomic spin, that is, the uniform circular rotation motion of the magnetic moment of the atomic group is used as a time reference to form a "time grating". This abandons the traditional "space grating" structure and does not require the use of highly accurate periodic grating lines as displacement measurement reference, making it more convenient to use. By obtaining the accurate first and second moments, the angular displacement of the atomic group can be determined, and then the angle between the first and second probe beams can be determined, which greatly improves the accuracy of quantum measurement.

[0057] The quantum measurement method of this application embodiment can be applied to high-precision measurement. For example, when it is necessary to measure the displacement of an object, a first probe light is placed at the starting point of the object and a second probe light is placed at the ending point of the object. Using the atomic group with a magnetic moment that can perform uniform circular rotation in the above quantum measurement method, the angle between the first probe light and the second probe light can be obtained. After further calculation, the displacement of the object can be obtained.

[0058] Optionally, step S1 involves processing the atomic group to induce a uniform circular rotation of its magnetic moment, including:

[0059] A static magnetic field is applied to the atomic group along the first direction.

[0060] Each atom in a group of atoms has a nuclear spin with angular momentum, which generates a spin magnetic moment μ. For example... Figure 3 As shown, along the first direction, i.e. Figure 3 When a static magnetic field B0 is applied along the Z-axis, the atomic nucleus will be subjected to a torque perpendicular to the plane formed by μ and B0 because the direction of the atomic nucleus spin magnetic moment μ is not the same as that of the static magnetic field B0. This causes the atomic nucleus to undergo Larmor precession around the direction of the static magnetic field B0.

[0061] Pump light is applied to the atomic group along the first direction;

[0062] like Figure 4 As shown, along the first direction, i.e. Figure 4 A pump beam, which can be circularly polarized, is applied along the Z-axis. The atoms are polarized by this pump beam, and these atoms can be alkali metal atoms. Based on the transition law of conservation of angular momentum, the atomic energy levels converge towards a specific energy level, and the orientation of the electron spin magnetic moment polarizes from any direction to a specific direction, thus forming a unidirectional polarization of the atomic magnetic moment. Subsequently, the atomic cluster undergoes spin-exchange collisions with the inert gas working medium, acquiring a macroscopic nuclear spin magnetic moment M along the Z-axis. This macroscopic nuclear spin magnetic moment M can also be called magnetization. At this point, the magnetic moment of each atom in the atomic cluster precesses along the Z-axis at a Larmor frequency.

[0063] A radio frequency magnetic field is applied to the atomic group along a second direction and a third direction to cause the magnetic moment of the atomic group to rotate in a uniform circular motion around the first direction, wherein the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other, and the first direction is perpendicular to both the second direction and the third direction.

[0064] like Figure 5 As shown, along the second direction, i.e. Figure 5 The diagram shows an oscillating magnetic field B1 cos(ω0t) applied along the Y-axis, perpendicular to the Z-axis, with the same precession frequency as the atomic nuclei in the cluster. This places the working medium of the cluster in a resonant state between Zeeman sublevels, meaning the precession frequency of the cluster's spin magnetic moments resonates with the radio frequency. This causes the nuclei's spin magnetic moments to precess in phase coherently in the XY plane, maximizing the macroscopic nuclear spin magnetic moment M. Under the influence of torque M×B0, the macroscopic nuclear spin magnetic moments undergo Larmor precession with an angular velocity ω0=γB0, where γ is the gyromagnetic ratio of the atoms in the cluster, a characteristic constant determined by the type of atomic nuclei. The applied radio frequency magnetic field B1 cos(ω0t) is a linearly polarized magnetic field. A linearly polarized magnetic field can be decomposed into two circularly polarized magnetic fields rotating in opposite directions around the Z-axis in the XY plane. A magnetic field opposite to the rotation direction of the magnetic moment has no effect; only a magnetic field in the same direction as the precession of the magnetic moment will resonate with the precession of the cluster's magnetic moment. Due to the unidirectional linearly polarized magnetic field, in actual measurement and detection, the precession signal generated by this radio frequency can only be measured once in one direction. Therefore, when only a unidirectional linearly polarized magnetic field exists, it is impossible to simultaneously measure the detection signal in two directions within the XY plane.

[0065] like Figure 6 As shown, in order to simultaneously measure the detection signal in any two directions in the XY plane and obtain the phase difference of the atomic cluster precessing to different positions, oscillating magnetic fields B1 cos(ω0t) and -B1 sin(ω0t), which are equal to the precession frequency of the atomic nuclei in the atomic cluster, are applied in the third direction perpendicular to the Z-axis, i.e., the X-axis direction, and the second direction, i.e., the Y-axis direction. Under the action of the torque M×B0, the macroscopic nuclear spin magnetic moment of the atomic cluster still produces a clockwise direction (e.g., Figure 6 As shown (looking down along the Z-axis), Larmor precession occurs, and the magnetic field in the XY plane at this time... and Both rotate clockwise, resonating with Larmor precession. At this point, the nuclear spin magnetic moment M of the atomic group is affected by... and Due to the influence of the XYZ coordinate system, M undergoes uniform circular rotation with an angular velocity ω0 = γB0 around the center point. At this time, the linearly polarized magnetic fields applied in two directions to the XY plane constitute a physically real uniform circular rotating magnetic field. This provides the physical basis for simultaneously measuring two detection signals in any direction within the XY plane during actual signal measurement. The specific principle is as follows:

[0066] like Figure 6 As shown, when a static magnetic field B0 and pump light are applied along the Z-axis, the electron spin magnetic moment is polarized by the pump light. A cluster of atoms in space will generate a macroscopic nuclear spin magnetic moment M along the Z-axis, also known as magnetization. Although individual atoms precess at Larmor frequencies along the Z-axis, their phases are not uniform, so they do not have polarization vector components in the XY plane. L =0, in order to obtain a non-zero M L Using the uniform circular rotation (rotation direction consistent with Larmor precession direction) as the uniform rotating reference frame of the time grating, it is necessary to coherently synchronize the atomic spin magnetic moments to form a macroscopic precession magnetization M. A radio frequency magnetic field of equal amplitude (frequency equal to the Larmor precession frequency of the inert gas) is added in the X and Y axes, respectively, orthogonal to the Z-axis, with magnitudes of -B1 sin(ω0t) and B1 cos(ω0t). Due to nuclear magnetic resonance, the atomic precession phases are made coherent and synchronized, ultimately resulting in a component M in the XY plane. L .

[0067] Under the influence of a radio frequency magnetic field, the precession phase of the nuclear magnetic moment tends to converge from a random distribution to in-phase, thus generating transverse and longitudinal magnetization in the atomic nucleus system. If the radio frequency magnetic field is removed, the magnetization gradually disappears over time; this phenomenon is called spin relaxation. Two time constants, T1 and T2, are used to describe the relaxation process. The longitudinal spin relaxation time T1 represents the Z component of M. Z The time required for the spin to return to its equilibrium state along the Z-axis. The transverse spin relaxation time T2 represents M. X Or M Y The time to recover to zero. The relaxation process can be represented as:

[0068]

[0069] Among them, M X M represents the X component of M. Y M represents the Y component of M. Z T1 represents the Z component of M, and T1 represents the Z component of M. Z The time required for M to return to its equilibrium state along the Z-axis, T2, represents the time required for M to return to its equilibrium state. X Or M Y Time to return to zero. ML Let M0 represent the component formed in the XY plane by adding a radio frequency magnetic field of equal amplitude in the X and Y directions, causing the atomic nuclei in the atomic group to resonate. Let M0 represent the equilibrium magnetization intensity, and dt represent the derivative with respect to time. From equation (1), we can obtain:

[0070]

[0071] Among them, M Lmax M represents L The maximum value. The Bloch equation represents a model of the interaction between the magnetic field and M, where M is obtained by the superposition of the external field and spin relaxation, i.e. (M×B)+spin relaxation, where γ represents the gyromagnetic ratio. We can obtain:

[0072]

[0073] Among them, B Z This represents the component of the magnetic field B along the Z-axis. x This represents the component of the magnetic field B along the X-axis. y This represents the Y-axis component of the magnetic field B. The magnetic field B can be represented as... Where B0 is the static magnetic field strength. This represents the intensity of the radio frequency magnetic field along the X-axis. The intensity of the radio frequency magnetic field along the Y-axis is represented by B0, which is much greater than B1. Considering both the X and Y vectors, the clockwise component of the Y component is:

[0074]

[0075] The counterclockwise component of the Y component is:

[0076]

[0077] The clockwise vector component of the X component is:

[0078]

[0079] The counterclockwise vector component of the X component is:

[0080]

[0081] Since the Larmor precession of the atom is clockwise, the radio frequency magnetic field only has an effect if its clockwise direction is consistent with the precession direction. Therefore, only the clockwise vector component of the radio frequency magnetic field has an effect. Part in M L Rotation is effective. Equation (3) can then be written as:

[0082]

[0083] like Figure 7 As shown, establish a rotating coordinate system x around the Z-axis by ω. ’ y ’ M x ‘ M y ‘ With constant magnitude and direction, we can obtain M. x M y and M x ‘ M y ‘ Expressions for conversion between:

[0084]

[0085]

[0086] Substituting equations (5.1) and (5.2) into equation (4), we get:

[0087]

[0088] Subtracting equation (7) from equation (6) × cos(ωt) yields equation (9), subtracting equation (7) from equation (6) × sin(ωt) yields equation (10), and simplifying equation (8) yields equation (11):

[0089]

[0090] Radio frequency magnetic field B x B y With M in relaxation equilibrium, M x ‘ M y ‘ M z If it is a constant, then we have Substituting equations (9), (10), and (11), we get:

[0091]

[0092] Substituting equation (6.2) into equations (12) and (13), we get:

[0093]

[0094] If ω = ω0, that is, when the frequency of the applied radio frequency magnetic field is equal to the Larmor precession frequency, ω - ω0 = 0, substituting into equations (14), (15), and (16), we get:

[0095]

[0096] As described above, when the system reaches a stable resonant state under the influence of a stable magnetic field and a radio frequency magnetic field, magnetization occurs. The component of the magnetization intensity in the Z-axis direction remains unchanged, and the component of the magnetization intensity in the XY plane can be expressed as:

[0097]

[0098] Its magnitude remains unchanged, and it rotates around the Z-axis with an angular velocity ω0. That is to say, under the action of the rotating magnetic field, the magnetic moment M makes an angle with the Z-axis and rotates around the Z-axis in a uniform circular motion in the XY plane with an angular velocity ω0.

[0099] In a system where two coordinate systems are moving at uniform speeds and observing each other, the difference in position (displacement) in one coordinate system is represented by the difference in time observed in the other. By applying a static magnetic field, an optical field, or a radio frequency magnetic field to the atomic cluster, the magnetic moment of the atomic cluster undergoes uniform circular rotation. Based on this, the difference in position (displacement) of the atomic cluster can be transformed into a difference in time, thereby realizing the transformation of the measurement reference from spatial division to temporal division. Furthermore, the uniformity of the atomic cluster directly determines the measurement accuracy; high uniformity represents high accuracy. Therefore, by making the magnetic moment of the atomic cluster undergo uniform circular rotation through the above steps, the accuracy of the quantum measurement method provided in this application embodiment is guaranteed.

[0100] Optionally, step S4, determining the angle between the first probe light and the second probe light based on the first time moment, the second time moment, and the angular velocity of the magnetic moment, includes:

[0101] Based on the first time point and the second time point, determine the target time difference;

[0102] The angle between the first probe light and the second probe light is determined based on the target time difference and the angular velocity of the magnetic moment.

[0103] As shown in Figure 8(a), the nuclear spin magnetic moment M of the atomic cluster undergoes uniform circular rotation with an angular frequency of ω0 around the center O of the XYZ spatial coordinate system. The first moment T is recorded when the first probe light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic cluster. O When the second probe light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group, the second time T is recorded. m The time difference ΔT = T can be obtained from the first and second moments. m -T OBased on the "time grating," the angle θ between the first and second probe beams can be obtained as θ = ω0 × ΔT. The precession angular velocity ω0 of the macroscopic nuclear spin magnetic moment of the atomic group can be obtained by real-time detection of the period T1 of the signal of the first probe beam. Therefore, the angle θ between the first and second probe beams is θ = ω0 × ΔT = (2π / T1)ΔT. This transforms the measurement of the angle into the measurement of the time difference, eliminating the need to rely on highly accurate periodic gratings as a displacement measurement reference. This technology has significant advantages and ensures the accuracy of the measurement structure.

[0104] Optionally, the position of the first probe light relative to the atomic group remains unchanged, while the position of the second probe light relative to the first probe light is variable. As shown in Figure 8(b), the first probe light is emitted by the fixed probe P. O The emitted light will not change position; the second probe light is emitted by the moving probe P. m The displacement can be changed by the transmission. Since the position of the moving probe is variable, the second probe beam can be sent to the center point O from any position in the XY plane. Understandably, the angular displacement between the first and second probe beams at any position in the XY plane can be detected, thus expanding the applicability of the quantum measurement method of this application embodiment.

[0105] Preferably, the moving probe can rotate at any speed around the center point O in the XY plane, and the position between the moving probe and the fixed probe can be changed without manual operation, making the quantum measurement method of this application embodiment more convenient.

[0106] For example, when it is necessary to measure the angular displacement of an object undergoing circular motion, a fixed probe (i.e., a first probe light) is placed at the starting point of the object, and a moving probe is placed on the object so that the moving probe moves together with the object, i.e., the position of the second probe light changes as the position of the object changes. Using the atomic clusters with magnetic moments capable of uniform circular rotation in the above quantum measurement method, the angular displacement between the fixed probe and the moving probe is obtained, thereby obtaining the angular displacement of the object's rotation.

[0107] The quantum measurement method provided in this application can be executed by a quantum measurement device. This application example uses a quantum measurement device to execute the quantum measurement method, and combines this with the attached... Figure 9 This application describes a quantum measurement device 900. The device includes:

[0108] The atomic processing module 901 is used to process the atomic cluster to make the magnetic moment of the atomic cluster rotate in a uniform circular motion and to obtain the angular velocity of the magnetic moment of the atomic cluster.

[0109] The detector light arrangement module 902 is used to arrange a first detector light and a second detector light, the first detector light and the second detector light being used to detect the magnetic moment of the atomic group;

[0110] The acquisition module 903 is used to acquire the first moment when the first probe light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group and the second moment when the second probe light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group;

[0111] The determining module 904 is used to determine the angle between the first probe light and the second probe light based on the first time moment, the second time moment, and the angular velocity of the magnetic moment of the atomic group.

[0112] Optionally, the atomic processing module 901 is also used for:

[0113] A static magnetic field is applied to the atomic group along the first direction;

[0114] Pump light is applied to the atomic group along the first direction;

[0115] A radio frequency magnetic field is applied to the atomic group along a second direction and a third direction to cause the magnetic moment of the atomic group to rotate in a uniform circular motion around the first direction, wherein the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other, and the first direction is perpendicular to both the second direction and the third direction.

[0116] Optionally, the determining module 904 is also used for:

[0117] Based on the first time point and the second time point, determine the target time difference;

[0118] The angle between the first probe light and the second probe light is determined based on the target time difference and the angular velocity of the magnetic moment.

[0119] Optionally, the position of the first probe light relative to the atomic group remains unchanged, while the position of the second probe light relative to the first probe light is variable.

[0120] The quantum measurement device provided in the above embodiments of this application enables the magnetic moment of the atomic group to rotate in a uniform circular motion, and determines the angle between the first probe light and the second probe light based on the first and second moments detected by the first probe light and the second probe light.

[0121] It should be noted that the quantum measurement device provided in this application embodiment can realize all the technical processes of the above-mentioned quantum measurement method and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0122] This application embodiment also provides a quantum measurement device, the device including an atomic processing component, a first probe 2 and a second probe 3. The atomic processing component includes a gas chamber 11, a heating structure 12 and a uniform speed processing component. The atomic cluster is placed in the gas chamber 11, which is filled with an inert gas. The gas chamber 11 is disposed within the heating structure 12. The uniform speed processing component is disposed outside the heating structure 12 and is used to apply a magnetic field and a light field to the atomic cluster to cause the magnetic moment of the atomic cluster to rotate in a uniform circular motion. The first probe 2 and the second probe 3 are disposed outside the heating structure 12. The light outlet of the first probe 2 faces the atomic cluster, and the light outlet of the second probe 3 faces the atomic cluster. The second probe 3 and the first probe 2 are arranged circumferentially around the atomic cluster.

[0123] like Figure 10 As shown, the atomic cluster moves within the gas chamber 11, which is a glass chamber, cylindrical or spherical in shape, and filled with an inert gas as the working medium. The heating structure 12 surrounds the gas chamber 11 and is made of boron nitride material, which is non-magnetic and will not affect the movement of the atomic cluster. The uniform velocity processing component is used to cause the magnetic moment of the atomic cluster to rotate in a uniform circular motion. The first probe 2 is used to emit the first detection light, i.e., as... Figure 10 The probe light o shown is used to emit the second probe light, i.e., as shown in the figure. Figure 10 The probe light m shown is emitted from the first probe 2 and the second probe 3 at different angles into the gas chamber 11. When the first probe light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic cluster, the light signal changes, and the corresponding first moment is recorded. Similarly, the second moment when the second probe light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic cluster is recorded. Based on the first moment, the second moment, and the angular velocity of the atomic cluster's magnetic moment, the angular displacement of the atomic cluster can be determined, thereby determining the angle between the first probe 2 and the second probe 3. The gas chamber 11, the heating structure 12, and the uniform velocity processing component ensure the high uniformity of the atomic cluster, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the quantum measurement device in this embodiment.

[0124] Optionally, the uniform speed processing component includes a laser 134, a first magnetic field coil 131, a second magnetic field coil 132, and a third magnetic field coil 133; the laser 134, the first magnetic field coil 131, the second magnetic field coil 132, and the third magnetic field coil 133 are all disposed outside the heating structure 12. The coil plane of the first magnetic field coil 131 is perpendicular to a first direction and arranged towards the atomic cluster. The light outlet of the laser 134 is parallel to the first direction and arranged towards the atomic cluster. The coil plane of the second magnetic field coil 132 is perpendicular to a second direction and arranged towards the atomic cluster. The coil plane of the third magnetic field coil 133 is perpendicular to a third direction and arranged towards the atomic cluster. The second direction and the third direction are perpendicular, and the first direction is perpendicular to both the second direction and the third direction.

[0125] Please refer to Figure 8 and... Figure 10 The first direction is the Z-axis direction shown in Figure 8, the second direction is the Y-axis direction shown in Figure 8, and the third direction is the X-axis direction shown in Figure 8. Laser 134 emits pump light. When the first magnetic field coil 131 is energized, it generates a static magnetic field along the first direction. When the second magnetic field coil 132 is energized, it generates a radio frequency magnetic field along the second direction. When the third magnetic field coil 133 is energized, it generates a radio frequency magnetic field along the third direction. Through the combined action of the pump light, the static magnetic field in the first direction, the radio frequency magnetic field in the second direction, and the radio frequency magnetic field in the third direction, the magnetic moment of the atomic cluster undergoes a highly uniform circular rotation around the first direction. The higher the uniformity, the more accurate the measured angular displacement of the atomic cluster. Therefore, by using a uniform processing component, the accuracy of the quantum measurement device in this embodiment is further improved.

[0126] Optionally, the atomic processing assembly further includes a magnetic field shielding cylinder 14, in which the gas chamber 11, the heating structure 12, the first magnetic field coil 131, the second magnetic field coil 132 and the third magnetic field coil 133 are all located inside the magnetic field shielding cylinder 14, and the laser 134, the first probe 2 and the second probe 3 are all located outside the magnetic field shielding cylinder 14.

[0127] like Figure 10 As shown, the gas chamber 11, the heating structure 12, the first magnetic field coil 131, the second magnetic field coil 132 and the third magnetic field coil 133 are all enclosed in the magnetic field shielding cylinder 14. The magnetic field shielding cylinder 14 is used to shield the interference of the external magnetic field and ensure the uniformity of the magnetic moment motion of the atomic group. Therefore, it further ensures the accuracy of the quantum measurement device in this embodiment of the application.

[0128] Optionally, the atomic processing assembly further includes a first optical processing component, a second optical processing component, and a third optical processing component; the first optical processing component is disposed between the light outlet of the first probe 2 and the magnetic field shielding cylinder 14, and the first optical processing component is used to adjust the first probe light emitted by the first probe 2; the second optical processing component is disposed between the light outlet of the second probe 3 and the magnetic field shielding cylinder 14, and the second optical processing component is used to adjust the second probe light emitted by the second probe 3; the third optical processing component is disposed between the light outlet of the laser 134 and the magnetic field shielding cylinder 14, and the third optical processing component is used to adjust the pump light emitted by the laser 134.

[0129] like Figure 10 As shown, the third light processing component includes along... Figure 10 The pump light, directed towards the gas chamber 11, is arranged in sequence as follows: a first half-wave plate 151(A), a PBS 152, a beam expander 153, a second half-wave plate 151(B), a Glan-Taylor prism 154(A), and a quarter-wave plate 155. Optionally, the pump light is a pump beam with a wavelength of 795 nm, linearly polarized to the atoms in the atomic group. The pump beam is circularly polarized, and the quarter-wave plate 155 converts the linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light. The first half-wave plate 151(A), PBS 152, and second half-wave plate 151(B) are used to continuously adjust the intensity of the pump beam. The beam expander 153 increases the diameter of the pump beam spot, thereby allowing the atoms to be fully polarized.

[0130] The first light processing component includes along Figure 10 The third half-wave plate 151(C) and GlanTeller prism 154(B) are arranged sequentially along the direction of the probe light o to the gas chamber 11. Optionally, the probe light can be linearly polarized light with a wavelength of 780 nm. The GlanTeller prism 154(B) is used to purify the polarization of the probe light. The combination of the third half-wave plate 151(C) and the GlanTeller prism 154(B) can continuously adjust the intensity of the probe light. The second light processing component includes... Figure 10 The fourth half-wave plate 151(D) and Glan Taylor prism 154(C) arranged sequentially in the direction of the probe light m to the gas chamber 11 are not described in detail here, since the second light processing component has the same structure and beneficial effect as the first light processing component.

[0131] In addition, in order to reduce the absorption of the probe light by atoms at high temperatures, the frequency of the probe light needs to be 20 GHz away from the atomic absorption region.

[0132] The quantum measurement device also includes a fifth half-wave plate 151(E), a sixth half-wave plate 151(F), a first differential detector 4, and a second differential detector 5. The first differential detector 4, i.e., Figure 10 P shownm The differential detector corresponds to the first probe 2, and the air chamber 11 is located between the first differential detector 4 and the first probe 2. The fifth half-wave plate 151(E) is arranged between the first differential detector 4 and the air chamber 11. The second differential detector 5, i.e., Figure 10 P shown O The differential detector corresponds to the second probe 3, and the air chamber 11 is also located between the second differential detector 5 and the second probe 3. The sixth half-wave plate 151(F) is arranged between the second differential detector 5 and the air chamber 11. The first differential detector 4 is used to detect the optical signal of the first probe 2, and the second differential detector 5 is used to detect the optical signal of the second probe 3. The fifth half-wave plate 151(E) and the sixth half-wave plate 151(F) can be used to adjust the intensity difference between the first probe light and the second probe light.

[0133] By setting up the first, second, and third light processing components, the uniform circular motion of the magnetic moment of the atomic cluster and the accuracy of the detection results of the first probe 2 and the second probe 3 are further guaranteed, thereby improving the accuracy of the entire quantum measurement device.

[0134] Optionally, the first probe 2 is a fixed probe, and the second probe 3 is a moving probe.

[0135] Please refer to Figure 8 and... Figure 10 Since the position of the moving probe is variable, the second probe light can be sent to the center point O at any position in the XY plane. Understandably, the angular displacement between the first probe and the second probe at any position in the XY plane can be detected, thus expanding the applicability of the quantum measurement method of the present application embodiment.

[0136] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatuses in the embodiments of this application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing functions substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0137] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method of quantum measurement, characterized by, An application in quantum measurement devices includes an atomic processing assembly, a first probe, and a second probe. The atomic processing assembly includes a gas chamber, a heating structure, and a uniform processing component. An atomic cluster is placed in the gas chamber, which is filled with an inert gas. The gas chamber is located inside the heating structure. The uniform processing component is located outside the heating structure and is used to apply a magnetic field and a light field to the atomic cluster to cause the magnetic moment of the atomic cluster to rotate in a uniform circular motion. The first probe and the second probe are disposed outside the heating structure. The light outlet of the first probe faces the atomic cluster, and the light outlet of the second probe faces the atomic cluster. The second probe and the first probe are arranged circumferentially around the atomic cluster. The method includes: The atomic cluster is processed to cause the magnetic moment of the atomic cluster to undergo uniform circular rotation, and the angular velocity of the magnetic moment of the atomic cluster is obtained. A first detector beam and a second detector beam are arranged, and the first detector beam and the second detector beam are used to detect the magnetic moment of the atomic group; The first moment when the first probe light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group and the second moment when the second probe light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group are obtained; Based on the first time point, the second time point, and the angular velocity of the magnetic moment of the atomic group, the angle between the first probe light and the second probe light is determined; Determining the angle between the first and second probe beams based on the first time point, the second time point, and the angular velocity of the magnetic moment includes: Based on the first time point and the second time point, determine the target time difference; Based on the target time difference and the angular velocity of the magnetic moment, the angle between the first probe light and the second probe light is determined; The process of treating the atomic group to induce uniform circular rotation of the atomic group's magnetic moment includes: A static magnetic field is applied to the atomic group along the first direction; Pump light is applied to the atomic group along the first direction; A radio frequency magnetic field is applied to the atomic group along a second direction and a third direction to cause the magnetic moment of the atomic group to rotate in a uniform circular motion around the first direction. The second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other, and the first direction is perpendicular to both the second direction and the third direction. The radio frequency magnetic field is continuously applied to the atomic group along the second direction and the third direction before the angle between the first probe light and the second probe light is determined.

2. The quantum measurement method of claim 1, wherein, The position of the first probe light relative to the atomic group remains unchanged, while the position of the second probe light relative to the first probe light is variable.

3. The quantum measurement method of claim 1, wherein, The uniform speed processing component includes a laser, a first magnetic field coil, a second magnetic field coil, and a third magnetic field coil. All three are located outside the heating structure. The coil plane of the first magnetic field coil is perpendicular to a first direction and faces the atomic cluster. The light outlet of the laser is parallel to the first direction and faces the atomic cluster. The coil plane of the second magnetic field coil is perpendicular to a second direction and faces the atomic cluster. The coil plane of the third magnetic field coil is perpendicular to a third direction and faces the atomic cluster. The second direction and the third direction are perpendicular, and the first direction is perpendicular to both the second direction and the third direction.

4. The quantum measurement method of claim 3, wherein, The atomic processing assembly also includes a magnetic field shielding cylinder. The gas chamber, the heating structure, the first magnetic field coil, the second magnetic field coil, and the third magnetic field coil are all located inside the magnetic field shielding cylinder, while the laser, the first probe, and the second probe are all located outside the magnetic field shielding cylinder.

5. The quantum measurement method of claim 4, wherein, The atomic processing component further includes a first optical processing component, a second optical processing component, and a third optical processing component; The first light processing component is disposed between the light outlet of the first probe and the magnetic field shielding cylinder, and the first light processing component is used to adjust the first detection light emitted by the first probe; The second light processing component is disposed between the light outlet of the second probe and the magnetic field shielding cylinder, and the second light processing component is used to adjust the second detection light emitted by the second probe; The third optical processing component is disposed between the light output port of the laser and the magnetic field shielding cylinder, and the third optical processing component is used to adjust the pump light emitted by the laser.

6. The quantum measurement method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that, The first probe is a fixed probe, and the second probe is a moving probe.

7. A quantum measuring device, characterized in that, The device includes an atomic processing component, a first probe, and a second probe. The atomic processing component includes a gas chamber, a heating structure, and a uniform processing component. The atomic cluster is placed in the gas chamber, which is filled with an inert gas. The gas chamber is located inside the heating structure. The uniform processing component is located outside the heating structure and is used to apply a magnetic field and a light field to the atomic cluster to make the magnetic moment of the atomic cluster rotate in a uniform circular motion. The first probe and the second probe are disposed outside the heating structure. The light outlet of the first probe faces the atomic cluster, and the light outlet of the second probe faces the atomic cluster. The second probe and the first probe are arranged circumferentially around the atomic cluster. The device further includes: An atomic processing module is used to process atomic clusters to cause the magnetic moments of the atomic clusters to undergo uniform circular rotation and to obtain the angular velocity of the magnetic moments of the atomic clusters. A probe light arrangement module is used to arrange a first probe light and a second probe light, the first probe light and the second probe light being used to detect the magnetic moment of the atomic group; The acquisition module is used to acquire the first moment when the first probe light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group and the second moment when the second probe light detects the magnetic moment of the atomic group; The determining module is used to determine the angle between the first probe light and the second probe light based on the first time moment, the second time moment, and the angular velocity of the magnetic moment of the atomic group; The determining module is also used for: Based on the first time point and the second time point, determine the target time difference; Based on the target time difference and the angular velocity of the magnetic moment, the angle between the first probe light and the second probe light is determined; The atomic processing module is also used for: A static magnetic field is applied to the atomic group along the first direction; Pump light is applied to the atomic group along the first direction; A radio frequency magnetic field is applied to the atomic group along a second direction and a third direction to cause the magnetic moment of the atomic group to rotate in a uniform circular motion around the first direction, wherein the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other, and the first direction is perpendicular to both the second direction and the third direction.

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