Design method of hidden automobile radio antenna, automobile radio antenna and vehicle

Abstract

The application discloses a design method of a hidden automobile radio antenna, the automobile radio antenna and a vehicle, and comprises the following steps: S1, designing a radio printed antenna; S2, designing an amplifier; S22, arranging the amplifier; S3, designing a radio feeder; S4, verification test: S41, S parameter measurement; S42, standing wave ratio measurement; S43, cable line characteristic impedance test. The antenna designed by the design method has universality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of antenna technology, specifically relating to a design method for a concealed automotive radio antenna, the automotive radio antenna, and the vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, most local radio reception functions on the market are achieved using "shark fin" antennas mounted on the roof of vehicles, such as... Figure 1 As shown, this is a mainstream and mature technology. However, with the widespread application of large sunroofs and panoramic sunroofs, the placement of "shark fin" antennas on the roof poses certain risks. Therefore, a sound reception solution that combines aesthetics and performance is needed, namely, a concealed automotive sound antenna. There are three types of concealed automotive sound antennas: windshield printed antennas, side window printed antennas, and rear windshield printed antennas. Windshield printed antennas, due to their proximity to the dashboard, are highly susceptible to electromagnetic interference from automotive electronics, resulting in significant performance degradation. Therefore, they are rarely used in the automotive industry and are not recommended. Side window printed antennas are affected by vehicle styling, and due to the vehicle's unique structure, dead zones for signal reception exist across the entire plane, making them impractical for widespread application. Rear windshield printed antennas can cleverly coexist with the rear defroster heating wire printed circuitry, offering reasonable placement space, excellent aesthetics, and less susceptibility to electromagnetic interference from electronic products. They are the most comprehensively rated option among the three types of concealed automotive sound antennas. Currently, designs for printed antennas on rear windshields, such as the automotive rear window hidden antenna disclosed in patent document CN204424438U and the automotive rear window hidden antenna disclosed in patent document CN202320118U, mainly describe the shape or structure of the antenna. They lack the theoretical basis and verification methods for the design and cannot analyze whether the design of the entire link from the radio printed antenna to the in-vehicle entertainment host meets the system requirements. Such antennas are just simple products detached from the system and lack universality.

[0003] Therefore, there is a need to develop a new design method for concealed automotive radio antennas, as well as automotive radio antennas and vehicles. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a design method for a concealed automotive radio antenna, an automotive radio antenna, and a vehicle, which can ensure the universality of the designed antenna.

[0005] In a first aspect, the design method of a concealed automotive radio antenna according to the present invention includes the following steps:

[0006] S1. Design a printed radio antenna;

[0007] Using a printing process, the antenna width is 1mm. Four AM antenna segments are drawn horizontally with a line spacing of 25-30mm, and four FM antenna segments are drawn vertically with a line spacing of 95-100mm. When the antenna length is an integer multiple of λ / 4, the antenna's transmission and reception conversion efficiency is the highest. HFSS simulation is performed on the radio printed antenna. After the simulation is successful, the radio printed antenna is locked.

[0008] S2, Design the amplifier;

[0009] S21: The amplifier includes a first low-pass filter, an AM amplifier, and a second low-pass filter connected in sequence; a first band-pass filter, an attenuator, an FM amplifier, and a second band-pass filter connected in sequence; and an AGC controller. One end of the AGC controller is connected to the connection point A of the FM amplifier and the second band-pass filter, and the other end of the AGC controller is connected to the attenuator. The AM signal from the antenna enters the first low-pass filter from the input of the amplifier for frequency selection, selecting a broadcast signal with a bandwidth of 520KHz to 1620KHz, then enters the AM amplifier for power amplification, and is output from the second low-pass filter. The FM signal enters the first band-pass filter from the input of the amplifier for frequency selection, selecting a broadcast signal with a bandwidth of 87MHz to 108MHz, then enters the attenuator, then enters the FM amplifier for power amplification, and is output to point A for feedback to the AGC controller. When the control level is reached, the attenuator is controlled to attenuate the signal to prevent the FM amplifier from entering the saturation region due to a large signal. Finally, the amplified FM signal is output from the second band-pass filter.

[0010] S22: Amplifier arrangement;

[0011] The amplifier is mounted on the sheet metal of the inner panel of the rear door, close to the printed radio antenna.

[0012] S3. Design the radio feeder;

[0013] The design of the back door section 5 of the radio feeder should take into account the effects of closing and opening the back door;

[0014] The floor section and instrument section of the radio feeder are arranged in the same way, following the routing of the chassis wiring harness and instrument wiring harness, with the chassis wiring harness and instrument wiring harness providing the snap-fit ​​installation position for the feeder;

[0015] S4. Verification Test:

[0016] S41: S-parameter measurement;

[0017] S42: Standing wave ratio measurement;

[0018] S43: Cable characteristic impedance test;

[0019] If all the above tests meet the design requirements, the antenna design is complete.

[0020] Optionally, in step S1, the antenna needs to be drawn within the black border area of ​​the glass, and the lines should be neat and uniform; and the proportion of the antenna drawing area to the rear windshield area is 15%-20%.

[0021] Optionally, in step S1, if a high-mounted brake light is to be installed on the rear windshield, the antenna should be drawn to avoid this area to prevent the risk of electromagnetic interference.

[0022] Optionally, in step S2, the AM amplifier has a gain of 11±3dB, the FM amplifier has a gain of 19±3dB, the VSWR is ≤2, and the characteristic impedance is 75Ω.

[0023] Optionally, the end of the radio-printed antenna leads out an initial radio signal loop for connecting to an amplifier.

[0024] Optionally, after signal amplification, the rear door section of the radio feeder is connected to the radio feeder floor section via the rear door adapter floor coaxial connector, and then connected to the radio feeder instrument section via the floor adapter instrument coaxial connector, finally connecting the radio signal to the in-vehicle entertainment system.

[0025] Optionally, the audio feeder uses a coaxial power supply, with 5V voltage provided by the in-vehicle entertainment system.

[0026] Secondly, the concealed car radio antenna of the present invention is obtained by adopting the design method of the concealed car radio antenna as described in the present invention.

[0027] Thirdly, the vehicle described in this invention employs a concealed automotive radio antenna as described in this invention.

[0028] The present invention has the following advantages: The present invention provides a design method for a concealed car radio antenna, which can analyze whether the design of the entire link from the radio printed antenna to the in-vehicle entertainment host meets the system requirements, and the antenna designed using the present invention has universality. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a shark fin antenna;

[0031] Figure 2 Design drawing for a concealed car radio antenna system;

[0032] Figure 3 Draw a diagram for the antenna;

[0033] Figure 4 A simulation model of a concealed car radio antenna;

[0034] Figure 5 The curve shows the change of VSWR with frequency;

[0035] Figure 6 The curve shows the return loss as a function of frequency.

[0036] Figure 7 Flowchart for the design of a concealed car radio antenna system;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a circuit diagram of the amplifier's internal circuitry.

[0038] Figure 9 Amplifier layout diagram;

[0039] Figure 10 Schematic diagram for verification of the rubber sleeve arrangement of the back door section of the radio feeder;

[0040] Figure 11 This is a diagram showing the layout of the radio feeder, floor cable, and instrument cable.

[0041] Figure 12 S-parameter measurement graph;

[0042] Figure 13 This is a characteristic impedance test diagram;

[0043] Figure 14 This relates to the Smith chart principle.

[0044] In the diagram: 1. Printed radio antenna; 2. Printed heating circuit for rear defrost; 3. Grounding circuit for rear defrost; 4. Initial radio signal circuit; 5. Radio feeder section in the rear door; 6. Amplifier; 7. Filtered power supply circuit for rear defrost; 8. Initial power supply circuit for rear defrost; 9. Coaxial connector between rear door and floor; 10. Radio feeder section in floor; 11. Coaxial connector between floor and instrument panel; 12. Radio feeder section in instrument panel; 13. In-vehicle entertainment system; 14. Amplifier mounting point one; 15. Amplifier mounting point two; 16. Roof sheet metal; 17. Rubber sleeve for radio feeder section in rear door; 17'. Rubber sleeve for radio feeder section in rear door; 18. Rear door sheet metal; 18'. Rear door sheet metal; 19. Floor harness and instrument panel harness; 20. Harness fixing clip; 21. Radio feeder. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] like Figure 7As shown in this embodiment, a design method for a concealed car radio antenna includes the following steps:

[0047] S1: Design of Printed Radio Antenna

[0048] S11: Antenna Drawing

[0049] like Figure 3 As shown, where space permits, the antenna should be drawn within the black border area of ​​the glass, and the lines should be neat and uniform. Considering the visibility requirements of the rear defrost heating area, the antenna drawing area should account for 15%-20% of the rear windshield area. If a high-mounted brake light is to be installed on the rear windshield, the antenna drawing should avoid this area to avoid potential electromagnetic interference risks. The glass antenna uses a printing process, with an antenna width of 1mm. Four AM antenna segments are drawn horizontally with a line spacing of 25-30mm, and four FM antenna segments are drawn vertically with a line spacing of 95-100mm. The antenna's transmission and reception conversion efficiency is highest when the antenna length is an integer multiple of λ / 4. Based on the above requirements, the initial drawing of the radio printing antenna 1 can be completed.

[0050] S12: HFSS Simulation

[0051] Simplify the overall vehicle structure model, considering only the metal baffle that significantly impacts antenna performance, such as... Figure 4 As shown. The antenna is designed to be tilted 30° to the plane and conform to the rear windshield, replacing the original curved structure. Since the antenna can be approximated as a planar structure, it does not affect the simulation results. The simulation mainly focuses on the antenna layout and does not consider the amplifier and other components of the RF front end. The simulation feed point is located at the front end of the amplifier output wire. Before the actual simulation begins, a new solver setup project needs to be created for the antenna model to set the simulation solver parameters. To enable this antenna to operate in the global FM band, the frequency range is set to 87-108MHz according to actual needs. When a high-frequency power signal of a certain frequency is fed into the input of the antenna, the antenna will exhibit a certain resistance and reactance, which is called the characteristic impedance of the antenna. If the characteristic impedance of the antenna system is the same as the characteristic impedance of the transmission system, it is called impedance matching. For ease of design and development, the industry standard is that the impedance of the car antenna and the radio is 75Ω. The VSWR curve is shown below, with parameters such as glass thickness, relative permittivity, and dielectric loss set. Figure 5 As shown: the minimum VSWR is 1.3 at 89MHz; the maximum VSWR is less than 2 at 108MHz, meeting the design requirements. The return loss versus frequency curve is shown below. Figure 6As shown, the simulated antenna has a receiving resonant point of 101MHz and a voltage drop of -1.6dB, with a bandwidth of 17MHz, meeting the design requirement of minimum return loss at the center frequency of less than 1.5dB. After the simulation is successful, the printed receiving antenna 1 can be locked in.

[0052] S2: Amplifier Design

[0053] S21: Amplifier Internal Circuit Design

[0054] like Figure 8 As shown, the AM signal enters the low-pass filter at the amplifier's input for frequency selection, choosing a broadcast signal with a bandwidth of 520kHz to 1620kHz. It then enters the AM amplifier for power amplification and is output from the low-pass filter. The low-pass filter's function is filtering and impedance matching. Similarly, the FM signal enters the band-pass filter at the amplifier's input for frequency selection, choosing a broadcast signal with a bandwidth of 87MHz to 108MHz. It then enters the attenuator and then the FM amplifier for power amplification. The output is fed back to point A to the AGC controller. When the control level is reached, the attenuator attenuates the signal to prevent a large signal from causing the FM amplifier to enter the saturation region. Finally, the amplified FM signal is output from the band-pass filter. The band-pass filter has the same function as the low-pass filter. The amplifier needs to have three parameters properly set: antenna gain, VSWR, and characteristic impedance. The AM amplifier gain is 11±3dB, the FM amplifier gain is 19±3dB, the VSWR is ≤2, and the characteristic impedance is 75Ω.

[0055] S22: Amplifier Arrangement

[0056] The amplifier is mounted on the sheet metal of the inner tailgate panel. The specific location can be flexibly chosen based on the vehicle's shape and available space, but the general principle is to place it close to the printed radio antenna 1. For example... Figure 9 As shown, amplifier 6 is fixed to the sheet metal via amplifier mounting points 14 and 15. The mounting structure is made of tin-plated copper and is soldered to the internal PCB board of the amplifier, while also serving as grounding for the housing. The length of the initial radio signal loop 4 is kept within 200mm, with 150mm being optimal, thus ensuring both performance and installation leeway.

[0057] S3: Radio feeder design

[0058] The design of the receiver feeder back door section 5 must consider the impact of the back door closing and opening, such as... Figure 10As shown, the roof sheet metal 16 is a fixed structure, the tailgate sheet metal 18 is the tailgate closed state, and the tailgate sheet metal 18' is the tailgate open limit position. The angle between the closed state and the open limit position is generally 60°. Therefore, it is necessary to check whether the radio feeder tailgate section rubber sleeves 17 and 17' have any squeezing interference during the tailgate rotation. If a problem is found during the envelope check, the size and shape of the radio feeder tailgate section rubber sleeve need to be adjusted.

[0059] The floor section 10 and instrument panel section 12 of the radio feeder cable are arranged in the same way. It is recommended that they follow the routing of the chassis wiring harness and instrument panel wiring harness, with the chassis wiring harness and instrument panel wiring harness providing the snap-fit ​​installation position for the feeder cable. This can save the length of the feeder cable routing and eliminate the need to separately consider avoiding the installation point on the interior trim panel. Figure 11 As shown, the radio feeder 21 follows the floor harness and the instrument harness 19 with its own harness fixing clips 20, with each fixing point kept at a distance of about 150mm.

[0060] S4: Verification Test

[0061] S41: S-parameter measurement

[0062] At low frequencies, network characteristics are often described using impedance parameters Z or admittance parameters Y, which are defined based on the concepts of voltage and current. Therefore, measurements require specific voltages or currents to be measured under certain port conditions, such as open or short circuits, to determine these parameters. However, this measurement method is no longer applicable in high-frequency systems because voltage or current is difficult to measure. Furthermore, artificially opening or short-circuiting network ports is sometimes unacceptable; for example, some active devices are prone to oscillation or damage when open or short-circuited.

[0063] Two-port networks can all have their port characteristics represented by four S-parameters, such as... Figure 12 As shown:

[0064] When the incident wave a1 is applied to port 1, a portion of it is reflected back due to port mismatch and becomes part of the outgoing wave from that port, with a magnitude of S. 11 a1, the remaining portion of a1 is transmitted to port 2 via the network, becoming the outgoing wave of port 2, with a magnitude of S. 21 a1. Similarly, when the incident wave a2 is added to port 2, a portion of it is mismatched and reflected back, becoming part of the outgoing wave from that port, with a magnitude of S. 22 a2, the remaining portion of a2 is transmitted to port 1 via the network, becoming the outgoing wave of port 1, with a magnitude of S. 12 a2, the two outgoing waves from port 1 are combined and represented by b1, and the two outgoing waves from port 2 are combined and represented by b2.

[0065] b1=S 11 a1+S12 a2;

[0066] b2=S 21 a1+S 22 a2;

[0067] Where S 11 S 21 S 22 S 12 These four S-parameters, which represent the characteristics of the network, are called scattering parameters.

[0068] S 11 S 22 These are reflection parameters;

[0069] S 21 S 12 These are transmission parameters;

[0070] The reflection parameters include VSWR, reflection parameters, impedance, and return loss, and their expressions are as follows:

[0071] Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) = (1+|S) 11 │) / (1-│S 11 │) or SWR= (1+|S) 22 │) / (1-│S 22 │);

[0072] Reflection coefficient: Input terminal: Γ=S 11 ;

[0073] Output terminal: Γ=S 22 ;

[0074] Impedance: Input terminal: Z = Zo(1 + S) 11 ) / (1-S 11 ) ;

[0075] Output: Z = Zo(1 + S) 22 ) / (1-S 22 ) ;

[0076] Return loss: Input: RL = 20log(1 / |S) 11 │);

[0077] Output: RL = 20log(1 / |S) 22 │);

[0078] Transmission parameters include gain attenuation, transmission coefficient, transmission phase shift, and time delay;

[0079] Gain G = 20log(1 / |S) 21 │), attenuation L=20log(1 / │S21 │);

[0080] Forward transmission coefficient T=S 21 ,reverse T=S 12 The transmission phase shift E in the direction φ = arctgS 21 ,reverse φ=arctgS 12 ;

[0081] delay tg= (Where ω is the angular frequency and φ is the phase angle);

[0082] S42: Standing Population

[0083] The standing wave ratio (SWR) is the ratio of the voltage amplitude at the antinodes to the voltage amplitude at the troughs of a standing wave. The corresponding formula is:

[0084] SWR= (1+|S) 22 │) / (1-│S 22 │);

[0085] When the standing wave ratio (SWR) is equal to 1, it means that the impedance of the feed line and the antenna are perfectly matched. At this time, all high-frequency energy is radiated by the antenna, and there is no energy reflection loss. When the SWR is infinite, it means total reflection, and no energy is radiated. Generally, an SWR of 1.5 is sufficient to meet the requirements of radio reception performance, and the corresponding reflectivity is 4.00%, which means that 96.00% of the signal is effectively transmitted.

[0086] S43: Cable Characteristic Impedance Test

[0087] Tested on a single-port Smith chart, such as Figure 13 As shown, it quantitatively reflects impedance and reflection characteristics. Ideally, the reflection coefficient of the designed circuit should be as close to 0 as possible, but an ideal reflection coefficient cannot be zero. The principle of the Smith chart is as follows: Figure 14 As shown, each point on it represents a complex impedance value, and the center of the circle is called the matching point. It represents an ideal impedance with a real part of 50 om and an imaginary part of 0 om. To perform impedance matching, we plan a path from the impedance point to the matching point.

[0088] Reflection coefficient Γ=(Z in + Zo) / (Z in - Zo), where Zo represents the characteristic impedance of the transmission line;

[0089] Transmission line characteristic impedance: Zo= Where: R is resistance, G is conductance, j is a complex number, L is inductance, and C is capacitance;

[0090] Input impedance of the terminated on-load transmission line: Where ZL is the terminating resistance, β = 2π / λ, d is the length of the transmission line, and λ is the wavelength;

[0091] Terminal short circuit: ZL=0;

[0092] Z(short circuit) = j Zo tg(βd);

[0093] Terminal open circuit: ZL=∞;

[0094] Z (open path) = ;

[0095] Z(open circuit)·Z(short circuit) = =j·Zo· · =Zo²

[0096] Zo= ;

[0097] In this embodiment, taking the printed antenna on the rear windshield as an example, such as... Figure 2 As shown: The system's printed antenna 1 converts the surrounding magnetic field into an electric field. By rationally designing the antenna's orientation and electronic length, the antenna's relevant parameters are improved. HFSS simulation is then performed to ensure its VSWR and return loss meet design requirements. An initial radio signal loop 4 is led out from the end of the printed antenna 1 to connect to the amplifier 6. This device integrates radio signal gain and defrost power filtering functions. The metal casing is soldered to the internal PCB circuit and grounded by mounting to the vehicle body sheet metal. The length of the initial radio signal loop 4 is recommended to be within 200mm, with 150mm being optimal. Therefore, the amplifier 6 should be positioned as close as possible to the rear windshield. In ordinary sedans, it is generally positioned near the rear windshield on the C-pillar, while in hatchback models, it is positioned near the rear windshield on the inner panel of the tailgate. This embodiment uses a hatchback model as an example. After signal amplification, the radio feeder rear door section 5 connects to the radio feeder floor section 10 via the rear door adapter floor coaxial connector 9, and then connects to the radio feeder instrument section 12 via the floor adapter instrument coaxial connector 11. Finally, the radio signal is connected to the in-vehicle entertainment head unit 13. The radio feeder uses a coaxial power supply, with the in-vehicle entertainment head unit 13 providing 5V voltage, reducing the layout and cost of a separate power supply circuit and improving reliability. The rear defrost initial power circuit 8, through the filtering effect of the signal amplifier 6, outputs a filtered rear defrost power circuit 7, which forms a loop with the rear defrost grounding circuit 3. When the vehicle's rear defrost function is activated, the rear defrost printed heating circuit 2 starts working and has a delayed shutdown function. After the entire system design was completed, it was verified through testing to ensure that the car antenna has strong anti-interference and good reception.

[0098] In this embodiment, a concealed car radio antenna is obtained using the design method for a concealed car radio antenna as described in this embodiment.

[0099] In this embodiment, a vehicle employs a concealed automotive radio antenna as described in this embodiment.

[0100] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A design method for a concealed automotive radio antenna, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Design a printed radio antenna; Using a printing process, the antenna width is 1mm. Four AM antenna segments are drawn horizontally with a line spacing of 25-30mm, and four FM antenna segments are drawn vertically with a line spacing of 95-100mm. When the antenna length is an integer multiple of λ / 4, the antenna's transmission and reception conversion efficiency is the highest. HFSS simulation is performed on the radio printed antenna. After the simulation is successful, the radio printed antenna is locked. The antenna must be drawn within the black border area of ​​the glass, and the lines should be neat and even; the area where the antenna is drawn should account for 15%-20% of the area of ​​the rear windshield; if a high-mounted brake light is to be installed on the rear windshield, the antenna should be drawn outside this area to avoid the risk of electromagnetic interference; S2, Design the amplifier; S21: The amplifier includes a first low-pass filter, an AM amplifier, and a second low-pass filter connected in sequence; a first band-pass filter, an attenuator, an FM amplifier, and a second band-pass filter connected in sequence; and an AGC controller. One end of the AGC controller is connected to the connection point A of the FM amplifier and the second band-pass filter, and the other end of the AGC controller is connected to the attenuator. The AM signal from the antenna enters the first low-pass filter from the input of the amplifier for frequency selection, selecting a broadcast signal with a bandwidth of 520KHz to 1620KHz, then enters the AM amplifier for power amplification, and is output from the second low-pass filter. The FM signal enters the first band-pass filter from the input of the amplifier for frequency selection, selecting a broadcast signal with a bandwidth of 87MHz to 108MHz, then enters the attenuator, then enters the FM amplifier for power amplification, and is output to point A for feedback to the AGC controller. When the control level is reached, the attenuator is controlled to attenuate the signal to prevent the FM amplifier from entering the saturation region due to a large signal. Finally, the amplified FM signal is output from the second band-pass filter. S22: Amplifier arrangement; The amplifier is mounted on the sheet metal of the inner panel of the rear door, close to the printed radio antenna. S3. Design the radio feeder; The design of the back door section of the radio feeder should take into account the effects of closing and opening the back door; The floor section and instrument section of the radio feeder are arranged in the same way, following the routing of the chassis wiring harness and instrument wiring harness, with the chassis wiring harness and instrument wiring harness providing the snap-fit ​​installation position for the feeder; The radio feeder rear door section is connected to the radio feeder floor section via the rear door adapter floor coaxial connector, and then connected to the radio feeder instrument section via the floor adapter instrument coaxial connector, finally connecting the radio signal to the in-vehicle entertainment system. S4. Verification Test: S41: S-parameter measurement; S42: Standing wave ratio measurement; S43: Cable characteristic impedance test; If all the above tests meet the design requirements, the antenna design is complete.

2. The design method of the concealed car radio antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the AM amplifier has a gain of 11±3dB, the FM amplifier has a gain of 19±3dB, the VSWR is ≤2, and the characteristic impedance is 75Ω.

3. The design method of the concealed car radio antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The initial radio signal loop is led out from the end of the printed radio antenna and used to connect to an amplifier.

4. The design method of the concealed car radio antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The radio feeder uses a coaxial power supply, with 5V voltage provided by the vehicle entertainment system.

5. A concealed car radio antenna, characterized in that: The design method of the concealed car radio antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 4 is adopted.

6. A vehicle, characterized in that: The concealed car radio antenna as described in claim 5 is adopted.

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