Roller cone bit, rotary excavator and drilling rig

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical fields of drilling bits, and discloses a roller cone bit, a rotary excavating cylinder drill and a drilling machine, which comprises a first cone and a second cone. The first cone comprises a first cone leg and a first cone body, and the first cone body comprises a first outer row of tooth ring, a first tooth ring and first cutting teeth. The second cone comprises a second cone leg and a second cone body, and the second cone body comprises a second outer row of tooth ring, a second tooth ring and second cutting teeth. The first cutting teeth are used to form a first crushing annulus, and the second cutting teeth are used to form a second crushing annulus. The first crushing annulus and the second crushing annulus are complementary to each other. The present application can form crushing annuli with different diameters at the bottom of a well by setting the first crushing annulus and the second crushing annulus to be complementary to each other, thereby reducing the number of first / second cutting teeth that simultaneously contact the bottom of the well, improving the rock breaking aggressiveness and the rock breaking efficiency. The significant improvement of the performance of the drilling bit directly reduces the cost of drilling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drilling bit technology, and particularly to a rotary drilling rig, a rotary drilling bit, and a drilling machine. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, roller cone drill bits are widely used as tools for drilling rock formations. The cutting structures of existing rotary drilling rigs' roller cone drill bits are identical, with their first cutting teeth arranged in a "starry sky" pattern. During drilling operations, this arrangement results in weak rock-breaking ability and a tendency to form mud pockets due to the excessive number of first cutting teeth simultaneously contacting the bottom of the well and the small tooth spacing, thus affecting rock-breaking efficiency. Currently, there are no roller cone drill bits on the market that can solve this problem. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a rotary drum drill bit, a rotary drum drill, and a drilling rig to solve the problem that the tooth spacing of existing rotary drum bits is too small, resulting in weak rock-breaking ability and easy formation of mud sludge on the drill bits.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a rotary drilling rig with a roller cone bit, comprising:

[0005] The first gear includes a first toothed plate and a first gear body, with the bottom end of the first toothed plate rotatably connected to the first gear body; the first gear body includes a first outer toothed ring, multiple first toothed rings with different outer diameters distributed along the axial distance on the same side of the first outer toothed ring, and multiple first cutting teeth distributed along the circumferential distance on the first outer toothed ring and each first toothed ring.

[0006] The second gear includes a second toothed plate and a second gear body, with the bottom end of the second toothed plate rotatably connected to the second gear body; the second gear body includes a second outer toothed ring, multiple second toothed rings with different outer diameters distributed axially on the same side of the second outer toothed ring, and multiple second cutting teeth distributed circumferentially on the second outer toothed ring and each second toothed ring.

[0007] Among them, the first cutting teeth on the multiple first tooth rings are used to form multiple concentric first crushing rings with different diameters as the rotary drilling rig rotates; the second cutting teeth on the multiple second tooth rings are used to form multiple concentric second crushing rings with different diameters as the rotary drilling rig rotates; the multiple first crushing rings and the multiple second crushing rings complement each other.

[0008] In one embodiment, the first cutting teeth on the first outer toothed ring are used to form a first outer crushing ring as the rotary drilling rig rotates; the second cutting teeth on the second outer toothed ring are used to form a second outer crushing ring as the rotary drilling rig rotates; the first outer crushing ring and the second outer crushing ring have the same diameter, and are larger than the maximum diameter of the first crushing ring and the second crushing ring.

[0009] In one implementation method

[0010] The first toothed wheel body includes a first toothed groove, which is disposed between a plurality of first toothed rings and between the first toothed rings and the first outer toothed rings;

[0011] The second toothed wheel body includes a second toothed groove, which is disposed between a plurality of second toothed rings and between the second toothed rings and the second outer toothed rings.

[0012] In one implementation method

[0013] The outer diameters of the plurality of first gear rings decrease sequentially along the axial direction away from the first outer gear ring;

[0014] The outer diameters of the multiple second gear rings decrease sequentially along the axial direction away from the second outer gear rings.

[0015] In one implementation method

[0016] The first toothed gear body also includes a first caliber protection tooth, which is disposed on the axial end face of the first outer toothed ring facing the first toothed palm.

[0017] The second toothed body also includes a second caliper retaining tooth, which is disposed on the axial end face of the second outer toothed ring opposite the second toothed palm.

[0018] In one embodiment, the tooth shape of the first diameter-maintaining tooth and the second diameter-maintaining tooth is conical, wedge-shaped, spherical, or flat-headed.

[0019] In one embodiment, the tooth profiles of the first cutting tooth and the second cutting tooth are conical, wedge-shaped, or spherical.

[0020] Secondly, the present invention provides a rotary drilling rig, comprising a drill barrel on which a roller cone drill bit is disposed.

[0021] In one embodiment, a plurality of roller cone drill bits are arranged at circumferential intervals at the bottom end of the drill barrel; the plurality of roller cone drill bits are mounted on the drill barrel in an alternating arrangement of forward and reverse mounting.

[0022] Thirdly, the present invention also proposes a drilling rig, including the aforementioned rotary drilling rig.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by this invention include: by distributing the first / second toothed rings with axial spacing, the distance between multiple concentric first / second fracturing rings of different diameters is increased, significantly reducing the probability of mud buildup. By setting multiple first and second fracturing rings to complement each other, fracturing rings of different diameters can be formed at the bottom of the well, reducing the number of first / second cutting teeth simultaneously contacting the bottom of the well, thereby improving rock-breaking attack and efficiency. The significant improvement in drill bit performance also directly reduces drilling costs. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the first roller cone of the rotary drilling rig of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A three-dimensional magnified structural diagram of the first toothed wheel body.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the second toothed wheel of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first and second crushing rings of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the mutual complementation of the first and second fracture rings.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the rotary drilling rig of the present invention.

[0031] In the picture:

[0032] 100-Roller Cone Drill Bit;

[0033] 10-First toothed gear; 11-First toothed ring; 12-First toothed gear body; 121-First outer toothed ring; 122-First toothed ring; 123-First sizing tooth; 124-First cutting tooth; 125-First tooth groove; 126-First crushing ring; 127-First outer crushing ring;

[0034] 20-Second toothed gear; 21-Second toothed sleeve; 22-Second toothed gear body; 221-Second outer toothed ring; 222-Second toothed ring; 223-Second sizing control tooth; 224-Second cutting tooth; 225-Second tooth groove; 226-Second crushing ring; 227-Second outer crushing ring;

[0035] 200-Drill barrel. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Existing rotary cone drill bits suffer from weak rock-breaking ability and are prone to mud buildup due to the excessive number of first cutting teeth simultaneously contacting the bottom of the well and the small tooth spacing. This negatively impacts rock-breaking efficiency. To address this issue, this embodiment proposes a rotary cone drill bit, a rotary drilling rig, and a drilling machine.

[0038] This embodiment presents a rotary drilling rig with a roller cone drill bit, comprising a first roller cone and a second roller cone.

[0039] The first gear body 12 includes a first outer gear ring 121, a plurality of first gear rings 122 with different outer diameters distributed along the axial distance on the same side of the first outer gear ring 121, and a plurality of first cutting teeth 124 distributed along the circumferential distance on the first outer gear ring 121 and each of the first gear rings 122.

[0040] like Figure 3 The diagram shows the structure of the second gear. The structure of the second gear is similar to that of the first gear. In this embodiment, the second gear includes a second toothed plate 21 and a second gear body 22. The bottom end of the second toothed plate 21 is rotatably connected to the second gear body 22. The second gear body 22 includes a second outer toothed ring 221, a plurality of second toothed rings 222 with different outer diameters distributed axially on the same side of the second outer toothed ring 221, and a plurality of second cutting teeth 224 distributed circumferentially on the second outer toothed ring 221 and each of the second toothed rings 222.

[0041] like Figure 4As shown, the first cutting teeth 124 on the multiple first gear rings 122 are used to form multiple concentric first crushing rings 126 of different diameters as the rotary drilling rig rotates; the second cutting teeth 224 on the multiple second gear rings 222 are used to form multiple concentric second crushing rings 226 of different diameters as the rotary drilling rig rotates. Figure 5 As shown, multiple first crushing rings 126 and multiple second crushing rings 226 complement each other. Figure 5 It also shows a schematic diagram of the fractured ring at the bottom of the well during drilling.

[0042] The first cutting tooth 124 on the first outer tooth ring 121 is used to form a first outer crushing ring 127 as the rotary drilling rig rotates; the second cutting tooth 224 on the second outer tooth ring 221 is used to form a second outer crushing ring 227 as the rotary drilling rig rotates; the diameters of the first outer crushing ring 127 and the second outer crushing ring 227 are the same and are larger than the maximum diameters of the first crushing ring 126 and the second crushing ring 226.

[0043] In this embodiment, there are three first gear rings 122 and three second gear rings 222. Correspondingly, as shown... Figure 4 In the middle, the left side shows a first outer crushing ring 127 and three first crushing rings 126, wherein the three first crushing rings 126 are located inside the first outer crushing ring 127. Figure 4 The right side shows a second outer crushing ring 227 and three second crushing rings 226. The three second crushing rings 226 are located inside the second outer crushing ring 227.

[0044] Combined with appendix Figure 5 As shown, the first outer crushing ring 127 and the second outer crushing ring 227 have the same diameter. The three first crushing rings 126 and the three second crushing rings 226 complement each other to form... Figure 5 The diagram shows the complete circular surface fragmentation region. For example, the radial spacing between two adjacent first fragmentation rings 126 forms a first blank ring, and the inner diameter and outer diameter of the corresponding second fragmentation ring 226 are the same as the inner diameter of the first blank ring. Alternatively, a second blank ring is formed between two adjacent second fragmentation rings 226, and the inner diameter and outer diameter of the corresponding first fragmentation ring 126 are the same as the inner diameter and outer diameter of the second blank ring. This achieves complementarity between the first fragmentation rings 126 and the second fragmentation rings 226.

[0045] Continue to combine with the appendix Figure 4 , 5It can be seen that the inner and outer diameters of the first outer crushing ring 127 and the second outer crushing ring 227 are the same, that is, the dimensions of the two are complementary. When drilling with a rotary drilling rig, the outer diameter of the first outer crushing ring 127 and the second outer crushing ring 227 is the target hole diameter.

[0046] In the above embodiments, there are three first gear rings 122 and three second gear rings 222. In some embodiments, the number of first gear rings 122 may be two, four, or other numbers. The number of second gear rings 222 may be two, four, or other numbers.

[0047] In one embodiment, the first toothed wheel body 12 includes a first tooth groove 125, the first toothed wheel body 12...

[0048] A toothed groove 125 is disposed between multiple first toothed rings 122 and between the first toothed rings 122 and the first outer five rows of toothed rings 121.

[0049] The second toothed wheel body 22 includes a second toothed groove 225, which is disposed between a plurality of second toothed rings 222 and between the second toothed rings 222 and the second outer toothed rings 221.

[0050] The outer diameters of the plurality of first gear rings 122 decrease sequentially in the axial direction away from the first outer gear ring 121.

[0051] The outer diameters of the plurality of second gear rings 222 decrease sequentially along the axial direction away from the second outer gear ring 221.

[0052] Taking the first gear body 12 as an example, the first tooth groove 125 increases the distance between two adjacent first tooth rings 122.

[0053] 5. In some embodiments, a toothed ring 122 is also provided between the first toothed ring 122 and the first outer toothed ring 121.

[0054] There is a first tooth groove 125, and a second tooth groove 225 is also provided between the second tooth ring 222 and the second outer tooth ring 221.

[0055] In the fabrication of the first toothed cone body 12, the first toothed cone body 12 is a hemispherical shell, which is used to...

[0056] The centerline of the hemispherical shell is its axis. On the outer wall of the hemispherical shell, along this axis, multiple first grooves 125 are spaced at intervals. The first grooves 125 can be understood as...

[0057] An annular groove is formed on the outer wall of the hemispherical shell, the center of which coincides with the axis of the hemispherical shell as defined above. Because the first grooves 125 are spaced along the axial distance, the hemispherical shell forms an annular band region between the two first grooves 125.

[0058] The region is the first gear ring 122 mentioned above. Multiple through holes are provided in this annular region at circumferential intervals of 5, and a first cutting tooth 124 is fixedly embedded in each through hole.

[0059] The first toothed gear body 12 also includes a first diameter-maintaining tooth 123, which is disposed on the axial end face of the first outer toothed ring 121 facing the first toothed palm 11.

[0060] The second toothed gear body 22 also includes a second diameter-maintaining tooth 223, which is disposed on the axial end face of the second outer toothed ring 221 opposite to the second toothed palm 21.

[0061] In one embodiment, there are multiple first diameter-maintaining teeth 123, with at least one ring distributed circumferentially along the first outer tooth ring 121. The diameter of the first diameter-maintaining teeth 123 is 10 mm. There are multiple second diameter-maintaining teeth 223, with at least one ring distributed circumferentially along the second outer tooth ring 221.

[0062] The diameter of the second diameter tooth 223 is 10mm.

[0063] In one embodiment, the tooth shape of the first diameter-protecting tooth 123 is conical, wedge-shaped, spherical, or flat-headed. The tooth shape of the second diameter-protecting tooth 223 is conical, wedge-shaped, spherical, or flat-headed.

[0064] In one embodiment, the tooth shape of the first cutting tooth 124 is conical, wedge-shaped, or spherical. The diameter of the first cutting tooth 124 can be 14.5mm-12mm. The tooth shape of the second cutting tooth 224 is also conical, wedge-shaped, or spherical. The diameter of the second cutting tooth 224 can be 14.5mm-12mm.

[0065] During drilling, the roller cone bit 100 on the drill barrel rotates and drills along a predetermined path. The first cutting teeth 124 of the first roller cone and the second cutting teeth 224 of the second roller cone on the roller cone bit 100 continuously impact the rock, thereby breaking the rock and forming a rock structure. Figure 5 The fractured ring zone shown.

[0066] By distributing the first toothed ring 122 / second toothed ring 222 with axial spacing, the distance between multiple concentric first fracturing rings 126 / second fracturing rings 226 of different diameters is increased, significantly reducing the probability of mud buildup. By setting multiple first fracturing rings 126 and multiple second fracturing rings 226 to complement each other, fracturing rings of different diameters can be formed at the bottom of the well, reducing the number of first cutting teeth 124 / second cutting teeth 224 simultaneously contacting the bottom of the well, thereby improving rock-breaking attack and efficiency. The significant improvement in drill bit performance also directly reduces drilling costs.

[0067] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention proposes a rotary drilling rig, comprising a drill barrel on which a roller cone bit 100 is disposed. The roller cone bit 100 comprises a first roller cone and a second roller cone.

[0068] like Figure 6 As shown, a plurality of roller cone drill bits 100 of any of the above embodiments are arranged circumferentially at intervals at the bottom end of the drill barrel. The rotation axis of the roller cone drill bit 100 intersects the axis of the drill barrel in space.

[0069] In one embodiment, multiple roller cone bits 100 are mounted on the drill barrel in an alternating arrangement of upright and reverse mounting. For example, after the first and second cones of one roller cone bit 100 are mounted upright, the first and second cones of another roller cone bit 100 are mounted reversed on the drill barrel.

[0070] When it is necessary to form a target fracture ring with a width of 100-140mm at the bottom of the well during drilling, the first and second cones in a standard configuration can only form a positive fracture ring with a width of less than 100mm. For example, taking a standard-configured cone drill bit 100, the positive fracture ring formed by the first and second cones in a standard configuration is as follows: Figure 5 The complete circular surface shown represents the fractured area. Similarly, the reverse-mounted first and second gears can only form a reverse fracture ring with a width of less than 100mm. However, there is a partial overlap between the forward and reverse fracture rings. The edges of the forward and reverse fracture rings away from this overlap correspond to the two sides of the target fracture ring. Ultimately, the forward and reverse fracture rings together form a target fracture ring with a width of 100-140mm.

[0071] In some embodiments, eight roller cone bits 100 are circumferentially spaced at the bottom end of the drill barrel, comprising four first roller cones and four second roller cones. Of the four first roller cones, two have their bottoms facing inwards towards the drill barrel (referred to as "positive mounting"), and the other two have their bottoms facing outwards towards the drill barrel (referred to as "reverse mounting"). Of the four second roller cones, two have their bottoms facing inwards towards the drill barrel (also referred to as "positive mounting"), and the other two have their bottoms facing outwards towards the drill barrel (also referred to as "reverse mounting").

[0072] by Figure 6 Taking a roller cone drill bit 100 as an example, this roller cone drill bit has a first roller cone mounted in the correct orientation. To the right of this first roller cone is a second roller cone mounted in the correct orientation, while to the left of the first roller cone is a second roller cone mounted in reverse. To the left of this second roller cone is a first roller cone mounted in reverse. In other words, on the drill barrel, the first and second roller cones mounted in the correct orientation, the first and second roller cones mounted in reverse, the first and second roller cones mounted in the correct orientation, and the second roller cones mounted in reverse are arranged alternately along the circumference.

[0073] The first gear includes a first toothed plate 11 and a first gear body 12. The bottom end of the first toothed plate 11 is rotatably connected to the first gear body 12. The first gear body 12 includes a first outer toothed ring 121, a plurality of first toothed rings 122 with different outer diameters distributed along the axial distance on the same side of the first outer toothed ring 121, and a plurality of first cutting teeth 124 distributed along the circumferential distance on the first outer toothed ring 121 and each of the first toothed rings 122.

[0074] The second gear includes a second toothed plate 21 and a second gear body 22. The bottom end of the second toothed plate 21 is rotatably connected to the second gear body 22. The second gear body 22 includes a second outer toothed ring 221, a plurality of second toothed rings 222 with different outer diameters distributed along the axial distance on the same side of the second outer toothed ring 221, and a plurality of second cutting teeth 224 distributed along the circumferential distance on the second outer toothed ring 221 and each second toothed ring 222.

[0075] Among them, the first cutting teeth 124 on the multiple first tooth rings 122 are used to form multiple concentric first crushing rings 126 with different diameters as the rotary drilling rig rotates; the second cutting teeth 224 on the multiple second tooth rings 222 are used to form multiple concentric second crushing rings 226 with different diameters as the rotary drilling rig rotates; the multiple first crushing rings 126 and the multiple second crushing rings 226 complement each other.

[0076] The first cutting tooth 124 on the first outer tooth ring 121 is used to form a first outer crushing ring 127 as the rotary drilling rig rotates; the second cutting tooth 224 on the second outer tooth ring 221 is used to form a second outer crushing ring 227 as the rotary drilling rig rotates; the diameters of the first outer crushing ring 127 and the second outer crushing ring 227 are the same and are greater than the maximum diameters of the first crushing ring 126 and the second crushing ring 226.

[0077] The outer diameters of the plurality of first gear rings 122 decrease sequentially along the axial direction away from the first outer gear ring 121; the outer diameters of the plurality of second gear rings 222 decrease sequentially along the axial direction away from the second outer gear ring 221.

[0078] The first gear body 12 further includes a first diameter-maintaining tooth 123, which is disposed on the axial end face of the first outer gear ring 121 facing the first tooth palm 11. The second gear body 22 further includes a second diameter-maintaining tooth 223, which is disposed on the axial end face of the second outer gear ring 221 facing the second tooth palm 21.

[0079] The tooth shape of the first diameter-maintaining tooth 123 and the second diameter-maintaining tooth 223 is conical, wedge-shaped, spherical, or flat-headed. The tooth shape of the first cutting tooth 124 and the second cutting tooth 224 is conical, wedge-shaped, or spherical.

[0080] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also proposes a drilling rig, including a rotary drilling rig. The rotary drilling rig includes a drill barrel, on which a roller cone bit 100 of the rotary drilling rig is disposed. The roller cone bit 100 includes a first roller cone and a second roller cone.

[0081] The first gear includes a first toothed plate 11 and a first gear body 12. The bottom end of the first toothed plate 11 is rotatably connected to the first gear body 12. The first gear body 12 includes a first outer toothed ring 121, a plurality of first toothed rings 122 with different outer diameters distributed along the axial distance on the same side of the first outer toothed ring 121, and a plurality of first cutting teeth 124 distributed along the circumferential distance on the first outer toothed ring 121 and each of the first toothed rings 122.

[0082] The second gear includes a second toothed plate 21 and a second gear body 22. The bottom end of the second toothed plate 21 is rotatably connected to the second gear body 22. The second gear body 22 includes a second outer toothed ring 221, a plurality of second toothed rings 222 with different outer diameters distributed along the axial distance on the same side of the second outer toothed ring 221, and a plurality of second cutting teeth 224 distributed along the circumferential distance on the second outer toothed ring 221 and each second toothed ring 222.

[0083] Among them, the first cutting teeth 124 on the multiple first tooth rings 122 are used to form multiple concentric first crushing rings 126 with different diameters as the rotary drilling rig rotates; the second cutting teeth 224 on the multiple second tooth rings 222 are used to form multiple concentric second crushing rings 226 with different diameters as the rotary drilling rig rotates; the multiple first crushing rings 126 and the multiple second crushing rings 226 complement each other.

[0084] The first cutting tooth 124 on the first outer tooth ring 121 is used to form a first outer crushing ring 127 as the rotary drilling rig rotates; the second cutting tooth 224 on the second outer tooth ring 221 is used to form a second outer crushing ring 227 as the rotary drilling rig rotates; the diameters of the first outer crushing ring 127 and the second outer crushing ring 227 are the same and are greater than the maximum diameters of the first crushing ring 126 and the second crushing ring 226.

[0085] By distributing the first / second toothed rings 222 with axial spacing, the distance between multiple concentric first / second fracturing rings 226 of different diameters is increased, significantly reducing the probability of mud buildup. By setting multiple first fracturing rings 126 and multiple second fracturing rings 226 to complement each other, fracturing rings of different diameters can be formed at the bottom of the well, reducing the number of first / second cutting teeth 224 simultaneously contacting the bottom of the well, thereby improving rock-breaking attack and efficiency. The significant improvement in drill bit performance also directly reduces drilling costs.

[0086] It should be noted that in this invention, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0087] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features of the invention herein.

Claims

1. A rotary drilling rig, characterized in that, The system includes a drill barrel, on which a roller cone drill bit is mounted, the roller cone drill bit comprising: The first gear includes a first toothed plate and a first gear body, with the bottom end of the first toothed plate rotatably connected to the first gear body; the first gear body includes a first outer toothed ring, multiple first toothed rings with different outer diameters distributed along the axial distance on the same side of the first outer toothed ring, and multiple first cutting teeth distributed along the circumferential distance on the first outer toothed ring and each first toothed ring. The second gear includes a second toothed plate and a second gear body, with the bottom end of the second toothed plate rotatably connected to the second gear body; the second gear body includes a second outer toothed ring, multiple second toothed rings with different outer diameters distributed axially on the same side of the second outer toothed ring, and multiple second cutting teeth distributed circumferentially on the second outer toothed ring and each second toothed ring. The first cutting teeth on multiple first gear rings are used to form multiple concentric first crushing rings with different diameters as the rotary drilling rig rotates; the second cutting teeth on multiple second gear rings are used to form multiple concentric second crushing rings with different diameters as the rotary drilling rig rotates; the multiple first crushing rings and multiple second crushing rings complement each other; the multiple first crushing rings and multiple second crushing rings complement each other as follows: the radial distance between two adjacent first crushing rings forms a first blank ring, and the inner diameter and outer diameter of the corresponding second crushing ring are the same as the inner diameter and outer diameter of the first blank ring; the radial distance between two adjacent second crushing rings forms a second blank ring, and the inner diameter and outer diameter of the corresponding first crushing ring are the same as the inner diameter and outer diameter of the second blank ring; the multiple first crushing rings and multiple second crushing rings complement each other to form a complete circular crushing area; the inner diameter and outer diameter of the first outer crushing ring and the second outer crushing ring are the same, and their dimensions overlap after they complement each other; The first toothed wheel body includes a first toothed groove, which is disposed between a plurality of first toothed rings and between the first toothed rings and the first outer toothed rings; The second toothed wheel body includes a second toothed groove, which is disposed between a plurality of second toothed rings and between the second toothed rings and the second outer toothed rings; The outer diameters of the plurality of first gear rings decrease sequentially along the axial direction away from the first outer gear ring; The outer diameters of the multiple second gear rings decrease sequentially along the axial direction away from the second outer gear rings; The first toothed wheel body is a hemispherical shell. The center line passing through the center of the hemispherical shell is the axis of the hemispherical shell. On the outer wall of the hemispherical shell, a plurality of first tooth grooves are opened at intervals along the direction of the axis. The first tooth groove is an annular groove opened on the outer wall of the hemispherical shell. The center of the annular groove coincides with the axis of the hemispherical shell. The first cutting teeth on the first outer toothed ring are used to form a first outer crushing ring as the rotary drilling rig rotates; the second cutting teeth on the second outer toothed ring are used to form a second outer crushing ring as the rotary drilling rig rotates; the diameters of the first and second outer crushing rings are the same and are greater than the maximum diameters of the first and second crushing rings. The first toothed gear body also includes a first caliber protection tooth, which is disposed on the axial end face of the first outer toothed ring facing the first toothed palm. The second toothed body also includes a second caliper-keeping tooth, which is disposed on the axial end face of the second outer toothed ring opposite the second toothed palm. Multiple roller cone drill bits are arranged at circumferential intervals at the bottom end of the drill barrel; the multiple roller cone drill bits are installed on the drill barrel in an alternating arrangement of forward and reverse mounting.

2. The rotary drilling rig as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The tooth shape of the first diameter-maintaining tooth and the second diameter-maintaining tooth is conical, wedge-shaped, spherical, or flat-headed.

3. The rotary drilling rig as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The tooth shape of the first cutting tooth and the second cutting tooth is conical, wedge-shaped, or spherical.

4. A drilling rig, characterized in that, Including the rotary drilling rig as described in claim 1.

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