A fuse and a fuse monitoring system

Abstract

The application discloses a fuse and a fuse monitoring system. The fuse is connected in series with a distribution transformer on a line in a power system. The fuse comprises a shell, a running fuse tube, a control component for controlling replacement of the fuse tube, and at least one spare fuse tube. The at least one spare fuse tube is placed in the shell. After overcurrent occurring in the line causes the running fuse tube to be damaged, the control component is used to replace the running fuse tube with the spare fuse tube in the shell, so that self-replacement of the fuse tube in the fuse can be realized, manual participation is reduced, and power-off time is reduced. The fuse monitoring system can monitor and display fuse state information of a fuse in the fuse, so that the fuse state can be known. Through the scheme, the fuse state confirmation and replacement process can be shorter in time, and power restoration efficiency can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of overcurrent protection, specifically to a fuse and a fuse monitoring system. Background Technology

[0002] Transient faults frequently occur in distribution networks, accounting for as much as 86% of all power outages in 10kV distribution networks. A transient fault is a fault caused by a sudden overcurrent that immediately disappears from the circuit. The overcurrent refers to current exceeding the circuit's carrying capacity. Common causes of transient faults include substation ferroresonance, reduced winding insulation, low-frequency saturation current, short circuits, overloads, non-metallic grounding, and flashovers.

[0003] Currently, fuses are commonly used in power distribution networks for line protection, promptly blocking the conduction of overcurrent and preventing damage to other components in the network from transient faults. Fuses consist of a replaceable fuse tube containing a fuse wire. When a transient fault occurs in the power system, the overcurrent quickly melts the fuse wire, generating an electric arc within the fuse tube. The high temperature from the arc decomposes the urea-formaldehyde resin in the fuse tube, producing a large amount of gas. Simultaneously, the fuse wire, pulled by the fuse spring, rapidly separates from the fuse. When the current crosses zero, a strong deionization effect extinguishes the arc, preventing overcurrent damage to other components. Therefore, fuses are the most common outdoor current protection devices.

[0004] However, under overcurrent conditions, the fuse tube will lose its original preload and fall out. When restoring the circuit, a new fuse tube needs to be replaced. However, fuse tubes in the market generally need to be replaced manually, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, resulting in a long power outage. How to reduce power outage time and improve power restoration efficiency has become an important problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to reduce power outage time and improve power restoration time, this application discloses a fuse and a fuse monitoring system.

[0006] The first aspect of this application discloses a fuse, which is connected in series with a distribution transformer on a power line in a power system;

[0007] The fuse includes: a housing, a running fuse tube, a control component for controlling fuse tube replacement, and at least one spare fuse tube;

[0008] The at least one spare fuse tube is placed inside the housing;

[0009] When an overcurrent occurs in the circuit and causes damage to the operating fuse tube, the control component is used to replace the operating fuse tube with the spare fuse tube in the housing.

[0010] Optionally, the control component includes:

[0011] Inlet connector, outlet connector, pull handle, power assembly for controlling the pull handle's movement, clamping assembly, drive assembly, and control assembly;

[0012] The inlet and outlet connectors are both fixedly connected to the housing, and the inlet and outlet connectors are respectively connected to the wires;

[0013] The inlet connector and the outlet connector are electrically connected through the running fusible tube, the pull handle is connected to the power component, and the power component is fixedly connected to the housing;

[0014] When an overcurrent occurs in the line and the operating fuse needs to be replaced, the power component controls the pull handle to disconnect the operating fuse from the inlet or outlet connector.

[0015] The clamping assembly is fixedly connected to the driving assembly, the driving assembly is fixedly connected to the housing, and the running melt tube is detachably fixedly connected to the clamping assembly.

[0016] When the circuit experiences an overcurrent and the operating fuse tube needs to be replaced, the clamping assembly is used to clamp or release the operating fuse tube, and the driving assembly is used to move the operating fuse tube.

[0017] The spare fuse tube abuts against the control component, which is fixedly connected to the housing. When an overcurrent occurs in the circuit and the operating fuse tube needs to be replaced, the control component is used to discard the operating fuse tube and obtain the spare fuse tube.

[0018] Optionally, the drive assembly includes a motor, a first limit switch, a second limit switch, a bracket, and a guide rail;

[0019] The first limit switch is fixedly connected to the housing on the side near the pull handle, and the second limit switch is fixedly connected to the housing on the side away from the pull handle. The guide rail is located between the first limit switch and the second limit switch.

[0020] The first limit switch is used to control the motor and the control assembly to open or close when they are close to the pull handle, and the second limit switch is used to control the motor and the control assembly to open or close when they are away from the pull handle.

[0021] The motor is fixed on the bracket, and the output shaft of the motor is connected to a transmission component, which is connected to the guide rail. When an overcurrent occurs in the circuit and the running fuse needs to be replaced, the motor is turned on, causing the bracket and the clamping assembly connected to the bracket to move along the guide rail.

[0022] Optionally, the clamping assembly includes a solenoid valve, a pull claw, and a fusible connector. One side of the solenoid valve is connected to the drive assembly, and the other side of the solenoid valve is connected to the pull claw. The solenoid valve is used to control the connection or disconnection of the bracket with the pull claw.

[0023] The pull claw is inserted into the fusion tube connector, the fusion tube connector is connected to the running fusion tube, the fusion tube connector is used to fix the running fusion tube, and the pull claw is used to drive the fusion tube connector and the running fusion tube to move.

[0024] Optionally, the control component includes a first baffle, a second baffle, and a timer;

[0025] The first baffle is movably connected inside the housing to the side near the inlet connector, and the second baffle is movably connected inside the housing to the side near the outlet connector. The first baffle abuts against the spare fuse tube. The first baffle is connected to a first electric actuator, and the second baffle is connected to a second electric actuator. Both the first electric actuator and the second electric actuator are connected to the timer.

[0026] The timer is used to set a time limit, and works with the first baffle and the first electric actuator to control the acquisition of the spare fuse tube, and works with the second baffle and the second electric actuator to discard the running fuse tube;

[0027] When an overcurrent occurs in the power system and the fuse needs to be replaced, the second limit switch is struck by the bracket, the timer triggers the inner rod of the second electric actuator to retract, and the second baffle opens; when the timer's duration reaches a first predetermined time limit, the timer triggers the inner rod of the second electric actuator to extend, the inner rod of the first electric actuator to retract, the second baffle closes, and the first baffle opens; when the timer's duration reaches a second predetermined time limit, the timer triggers the first electric actuator to extend, and the first baffle closes.

[0028] Optionally, the power assembly includes a motor, an electric actuator, a pneumatic cylinder, or a hydraulic cylinder.

[0029] Optionally, the housing is fixedly connected to a melting tube auxiliary tube, which is sleeved on the running melting tube.

[0030] The second aspect of this application discloses a fuse monitoring system, including a fuse tube monitoring module, a communication module, a terminal, and any one of the fuses described in the first aspect of this application;

[0031] The fuse is connected in series with the distribution transformer on the power line in the power system.

[0032] The input terminal of the fuse tube monitoring module is connected to the self-replaceable fuse. The fuse tube monitoring module is used to monitor the status of the fuse wire in the fuse and obtain the corresponding fuse wire status information.

[0033] The output of the fuse monitoring module is connected to the input of the communication module, and the output of the communication module is connected to the terminal. The communication module is used to transmit the fuse status information monitored by the fuse monitoring module to the terminal.

[0034] The terminal is used to display the fuse status information.

[0035] Optionally, the fuse includes three fuses, which are respectively installed on the three-phase distribution lines on the high-voltage side of the distribution transformer to control the on / off state of each phase distribution line.

[0036] Optionally, the fuse tube monitoring module includes a running fuse tube monitoring submodule, which includes a Rogowski coil and an active integrator. The Rogowski coil is connected to the active integrator, and the Rogowski coil is sleeved on the running fuse tube of the fuse. The active integrator is connected to the communication module.

[0037] The Rogowski coil is used to measure the alternating current on the running fuse tube. The active integrator is used to amplify and restore the alternating current measured by the Rogowski coil. The communication module transmits the amplified and restored alternating current amplitude information to the terminal, and the state of the running fuse tube is determined by the alternating current amplitude information.

[0038] Optionally, the fuse tube monitoring module further includes a backup fuse tube monitoring submodule, which includes a constant current source and a measurement circuit. The constant current source is connected to the measurement circuit, and the backup fuse tube is connected in series or in parallel with the measurement circuit.

[0039] Optionally, the fuse monitoring system further includes a camera, which is communicatively connected to the communication module and faces the fuse.

[0040] Optionally, the communication module includes an IoT card, a processor, and a program. The program is burned onto the processor, the IoT card is connected to the processor, and the processor is connected to the terminal and the fuse monitoring module, respectively.

[0041] The beneficial effects of this application are:

[0042] This application incorporates a fuse into the circuit. The fuse includes: a housing, a running fuse tube, a control component for controlling fuse tube replacement, and at least one spare fuse tube. The spare fuse tube is housed within the housing. When an overcurrent in the circuit causes the running fuse tube to fail, the control component replaces the running fuse tube with the spare fuse tube in the housing, making the spare fuse tube the new running fuse tube, thus completing the automatic replacement of the running fuse tube. This application achieves automatic replacement of the running fuse tube under transient faults by using a fuse, reducing manual intervention, minimizing power outage time, and improving power restoration efficiency.

[0043] Furthermore, the fuse monitoring system of this application can monitor and display the fuse status information of the fuse wire in the fuse, making it easier to understand the fuse status. Through the solution of this application, the entire process of fuse status confirmation and replacement can be shortened, which is beneficial to improving the timeliness of power restoration. Attached Figure Description

[0044] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0045] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the fuse provided in this application;

[0046] Figure 2 Side view of the fuse provided in this application;

[0047] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a fuse monitoring system provided in this application;

[0048] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the operating fuse monitoring submodule provided in this application;

[0049] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the arcing signal for the short-circuit current provided in this application;

[0050] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the arcing signal for overload current provided in this application;

[0051] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the backup fuse tube monitoring submodule provided in this application;

[0052] Figure 8 A flowchart of the operation of the fuse tube monitoring module provided in this application;

[0053] Figure 9 A flowchart of the backup fuse monitoring module provided in this application.

[0054] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Fuse; 11. Housing; 111. Spare parts compartment; 112. Operating compartment; 113. Scrap parts compartment; 114. Fuse tube moving platform; 115. Insulating support; 12. Pull-open handle; 121. Inlet connector; 122. Outlet connector; 13. Running fuse tube; 131. Fuse tube auxiliary tube; 14. Clamping assembly; 141. Solenoid valve; 142. Pull claw; 143. Fuse tube connector; 15. Drive assembly; 150. Motor; 151. First limit switch; 152. Second limit switch; 153. Bracket; 154. Lead screw; 16. Spare fuse tube; 2. Fuse tube monitoring module; 3. Communication module; 4. Terminal. Detailed Implementation

[0055] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0056] The first embodiment of this application discloses a fuse. First, it should be noted that the spare fuse tube 16, the running fuse tube 13, and the discarded fuse tube are different usage states of the same fuse tube. That is, the spare fuse tube 16 is a fuse tube in a state of waiting to be used, the running fuse tube 13 is a fuse tube in use, and the discarded fuse tube is a fuse tube that has been used up.

[0057] The fuse 1 is suitable for electrical equipment such as transformers, voltage transformers, capacitor banks, and power distribution feeders, providing them with overcurrent protection.

[0058] Reference Figure 1 The fuse 1 is connected in series with the distribution transformer on the power line in the power system, and the fuse 1 is used to control the connection and disconnection of the line;

[0059] The fuse 1 includes a housing 11, a running fuse tube 13, a control component for controlling fuse tube replacement, and at least one spare fuse tube 16;

[0060] The at least one spare fuse tube 16 is placed inside the housing 11.

[0061] In this application, a fuse is added to the circuit. When an overcurrent causes a transient fault and the operating fuse tube 13 needs to be replaced, the fuse 1 first melts the operating fuse tube 13. Under the action of the control component, the operating fuse tube 13 is discarded and replaced, making the spare fuse tube 16 the new operating fuse tube 13, thus completing the automatic replacement of the operating fuse tube 13. This application achieves automatic replacement of the operating fuse tube 13 under transient faults by using fuse 1, avoiding the time-consuming and laborious manual replacement by personnel, which helps to reduce power outage time and improve the timeliness of power restoration.

[0062] Furthermore, the fuse 1 comprises three fuses, which are respectively installed on the three-phase distribution lines on the high-voltage side of the distribution transformer and are used to control the on / off state of each phase distribution line.

[0063] In one implementation, refer to Figure 2 The control components include an inlet connector 121, an outlet connector 122, a pull handle 12, a power component for controlling the action of the pull handle 12, a clamping component 14, a drive component 15, and a control component.

[0064] Specifically, an insulating support post 115 is welded onto the housing 11. The upper vertical end of the insulating support post 115 is connected to the inlet connector 121, and a fixing frame is fixedly connected to the lower vertical end of the insulating support post 115. The fixing frame is hinged to the outlet connector 122. The upper vertical end of the pull handle 12 is connected to the power component, which is fixedly connected to the housing 11.

[0065] To drive the lever 12 to perform "closing" or "opening" operations, this application provides a power component for driving the lever 12. The power component can be a motor 150, an electric actuator, a pneumatic cylinder, or a hydraulic cylinder; in this embodiment, a motor 150 is selected. Closing means that when the lever 12 is pulled, the inlet connector 121, the running fuse 13, and the outlet connector 122 are connected in series, allowing current to flow normally. Opening means that when the lever 12 is pulled, the running fuse 13 is disconnected from either the inlet connector 121 or the outlet connector 122, preventing current from flowing.

[0066] Specifically, the power component is a motor 150. The output shaft of the motor 150 is connected to a connector, which is connected to a handle 12. The handle 12 is hinged to the outlet connector 122 via a tool rod. When the motor 150 starts, the handle 12 moves towards the housing 11, causing the outlet connector 122 to rotate clockwise on the fixed frame. Simultaneously, this causes the running fuse tube 13 connected to the outlet connector 122 to rotate clockwise around the outlet connector 122, thus causing the end of the running fuse tube 13 away from the outlet connector 122 to rotate and engage with the inlet connector 121, completing the closing operation. When the motor 150 reverses direction, the handle 12 moves away from the housing 11, causing the outlet connector 122 to rotate counterclockwise on the fixed frame. Simultaneously, this causes the running fuse tube 13 connected to the outlet connector 122 to rotate counterclockwise around the outlet connector 122, thus causing the running fuse tube 13 to separate from the inlet connector 121, completing the opening operation.

[0067] The running melt tube 13 is detachably and fixedly connected to the clamping assembly 14. The clamping assembly 14 is fixedly connected to the driving assembly 15. The driving assembly 15 is fixedly connected to the housing 11. The spare melt tube 16 is placed in the housing 11. The spare melt tube 16 abuts against the control assembly. The control assembly is connected to the housing 11.

[0068] In one implementation, the housing 11 includes three chambers arranged vertically from top to bottom: a spare parts compartment 111, an operating compartment 112, and a scrap parts compartment 113. The spare parts compartment 111 stores spare fuse tubes 16. The width of the spare parts compartment 111 is equal to the diameter of the spare fuse tubes 16, and the length of the spare parts compartment 111 is equal to the length of the spare fuse tubes 16, meaning the spare fuse tubes 16 are arranged in a vertical row within the spare parts compartment 111. The height of the spare parts compartment 111 is two to five times the diameter of the spare fuse tubes 16, and it can accommodate two to five spare fuse tubes 16 vertically. An upper baffle is provided at the end of the spare parts compartment 111 furthest from the operating compartment 112. When the upper baffle is opened, personnel can replenish the spare fuse tubes 16 into the spare parts compartment 111.

[0069] The waste parts bin 113 is used to store discarded molten tubes, which refer to replaced operating molten tubes 13. The width of the waste parts bin 113 is equal to the diameter of the discarded molten tubes, and the length of the waste parts bin 113 is equal to the length of the discarded molten tubes, meaning the discarded molten tubes are arranged in a vertical row in the spare parts bin 111. The height of the waste parts bin 113 is two to five times the length of the discarded molten tubes, and it can accommodate two to five discarded molten tubes vertically. The end of the waste parts bin 113 away from the operating bin 112 is equipped with a lower baffle. After the lower baffle is opened, the workers can sequentially remove the discarded molten tubes from the waste parts bin 113.

[0070] To move the operating fuse 13 so that it can be brought close to the control assembly for replacement, this application provides a drive assembly 15 for moving the operating fuse 13. In one implementation, the drive assembly 15 includes a motor 150, a first limit switch 151, a second limit switch 152, a bracket 153, and a guide rail. The first limit switch 151 is fixedly connected to the housing 11 inside the operating chamber 112 on the side near the pull handle 12. The second limit switch 152 is fixedly connected to the housing 11 inside the operating chamber 112 on the side away from the pull handle 12. The guide rail is located inside the operating chamber 112 and between the first limit switch 151 and the second limit switch 152.

[0071] The motor 150 is fixedly connected to the bracket 153, and the output shaft of the motor 150 is connected to a transmission component, which is connected to the guide rail. Specifically, the guide rail can be a lead screw 154, and the transmission component can be a lead screw nut. When an overcurrent occurs in the circuit and the operating fuse 13 needs to be replaced, the motor 150 is turned on, causing the bracket 153 and the clamping assembly 14 connected to the bracket 153 to move along the lead screw 154.

[0072] To clamp and fix the operating molten tube 13, and thus move the operating molten tube 13, this application provides a clamping assembly 14 for clamping and fixing the operating molten tube 13. In one implementation, the clamping assembly 14 includes a solenoid valve 141, a pull claw 142, and a molten tube connector 143. The base of the solenoid valve 141 is fixedly connected to the bracket 153, and the closing element of the solenoid valve 141 is fixedly connected to the pull claw 142. Under the adsorption action of the solenoid valve 141, the pull claw 142 slides vertically along the bracket 153. In the horizontal direction, one end of the pull claw 142 engages with the bracket 153, and the other end of the pull claw 142 is inserted into the molten tube connector 143, which is connected to the operating molten tube 13.

[0073] In order to discard or replace the running melt tube 13, this application provides a control component. In one implementation, the control component includes a first baffle, a second baffle, and a timer.

[0074] Specifically, the first baffle is movably connected inside the housing 11 to the side near the inlet connector 121. The first baffle abuts against the spare fuse tube 16, that is, the spare fuse tube 16 is stacked on the first baffle. The first baffle is used to separate the spare parts compartment 111 and the operating compartment 112.

[0075] Inside the housing 11, a melting tube moving platform 114 is provided between the operating chamber 112 and the waste part chamber 113. A second baffle is provided on the melting tube moving platform 114, which is used to separate the operating chamber 112 and the waste part chamber 113.

[0076] The first baffle is connected to a first electric push rod, and the second baffle is connected to a second electric push rod. Both the first electric push rod and the second electric push rod are connected to the timer.

[0077] When the running melt tube 13 is discarded, the second limit switch 152 is struck, the timer triggers the inner rod of the second electric push rod to retract, the second baffle opens, and the running melt tube 13 falls from the operating chamber 112 into the waste chamber 113; when the timer reaches the first predetermined time limit, the timer triggers the second electric push rod to extend, the inner rod of the first electric push rod to retract, the second baffle closes, the first baffle opens, and the spare melt tube 16 falls from the spare parts chamber 111 into the operating chamber 112.

[0078] Furthermore, the housing 11 is connected to a fusion tube auxiliary tube 131, which is sleeved on the operating fusion tube 13. The fusion tube auxiliary tube 131 is a fully insulated structure and serves as a guide and positioning element, assisting in the assembly of the fusion tube.

[0079] Furthermore, the inlet connector 121 is connected to an insulating support 115, which is used to connect and fix the inlet connector 121 to reduce the occurrence of corona discharge.

[0080] The fuse 1 of this application is not limited by the installation method or the usage environment. The handle 12 can be installed at multiple angles and can be used indoors and outdoors, for power generation, transmission, transformation and distribution.

[0081] The second embodiment of this application discloses a fuse monitoring system, referring to... Figure 3 The fuse monitoring system includes a fuse tube monitoring module 2, a communication module 3, a terminal 4, and the fuse 1 described in the first embodiment of this application.

[0082] In one implementation, the fuse tube monitoring module 2 includes a fuse tube 13 monitoring submodule. Considering issues such as high and low voltage isolation and arc measurement frequency band, this application uses a Rogowski coil sensor for non-contact current measurement.

[0083] Reference Figure 4 Specifically, the operating fuse status monitoring module includes a Rogowski coil and an active integrator. The Rogowski coil is connected to the active integrator and is sleeved on the operating fuse tube 13 of the fuse 1. The active integrator is communicatively connected to the communication module 3. Since the Rogowski coil is a differentiating probe, an active integrator is needed to reconstruct the signal. The signal amplification factor can be adjusted according to the magnitude of the current operating in the distribution network.

[0084] The key to determining the reliability of the fuse tube 13 in operation lies in identifying the arc waveform, referring to... Figure 5 and Figure 6Without considering a large fault current, the short-circuit current breaking time is shorter than that of the pre-arc stage, approximately 5 milliseconds. The arcing signal has a frequency of several hundred hertz, and its waveform is similar to a sharp pulse. Unlike other pulses in the system, the arcing signal has a higher amplitude and will drop to zero. This module can not only monitor arcing but also capture fault current signals, providing support for personnel to determine the cause of the fault.

[0085] Furthermore, the fuse tube monitoring module 2 also includes a backup fuse tube 16 monitoring submodule. The backup fuse tube status monitoring module includes a constant current source and a measurement circuit. The constant current source is connected to the measurement circuit, and the backup fuse tube 16 is connected in series or in parallel with the measurement circuit.

[0086] Reference Figure 7 Specifically, the reliability monitoring of the spare fuse tube 16 is crucial for ensuring the fuse's self-replacement function. The resistance value can, to some extent, represent the mechanical strength and overload capacity of the fuse. In this embodiment, the spare fuse tube 16 is connected in parallel with the measurement circuit, which can be composed of a TSC7106 chip; that is, the spare fuse tube 16 is connected to the corresponding pin of the TSC7106 chip. The resistance value of the spare fuse tube 16 is calculated using Ohm's law. If the resistance value is within the normal resistance range, the spare fuse tube 16 is qualified; if the resistance value is outside the normal resistance range, the spare fuse tube 16 is unqualified. Qualified spare fuse tubes 16 can be used to replace operating fuse tubes 13 that have failed after overcurrent protection; unqualified spare fuse tubes 16 are discarded to the scrap bin 113.

[0087] In this application, an air switch is installed at the low-voltage side output terminal of the distribution transformer. More specifically, the air switch is a three-phase electrically operated air switch. The three-phase electrically operated air switch is used in conjunction with fuse 1. During power outage, the three-phase electrically operated air switch is first disconnected, and then the handle 12 of fuse 1 is opened. During power restoration, the handle 12 of fuse 1 is first closed, and then the three-phase electrically operated air switch is closed, thus fulfilling the safety regulations requiring high voltage to low voltage during power restoration and low voltage to low voltage during power restoration.

[0088] In one implementation, the fuse monitoring system further includes a camera, which is communicatively connected to the communication module 3. The camera faces the fuse 1 and is used to monitor the fuse 1, thereby assisting in determining the status of the operating fuse tube 13 in the fuse 1.

[0089] In one implementation, the communication module 3 includes an IoT card, a processor, and a program. The program is burned onto the processor, the IoT card is connected to the processor, and the processor is distributedly connected to the terminal 4 and the fuse tube monitoring module 2.

[0090] In one implementation, the fuse system further includes a control box, the input of which is connected to the processor, and the output of which is connected to the three fuses 1 respectively. The control box includes a reclosing switch handle with three positions.

[0091] The term "single-phase" refers to the situation where, when a single-phase fault occurs, the fuse of a certain phase blows, causing the fuse tube of that phase to fall. After the control box pulls the fuse tube of that phase open or confirms that the fuse tube of that phase is in the open position, it replaces the spare fuse tube, pulls the handle to close the circuit breaker. If the fault current blows the fuse of that phase again within a short period of time, the circuit breaker will not be closed again. After the fault is cleared, the circuit breaker will be manually closed.

[0092] The term "triple" refers to the following: when a multi-phase fault occurs, the fuses of the multi-phase fuses blow, the fuse tubes of the multi-phase fuses fall off, the control box pulls open the fuse tubes of each of the three phase circuits or confirms that the fuse tubes of each of the three phase circuits are in the open position, replaces the spare fuse tube, pulls the handle to close the circuit breaker, and if the fault current blows the fuses again in a short period of time, the circuit breaker will not be closed again. After the fault is cleared, the circuit breaker will be manually closed.

[0093] The term "disconnection" refers to the situation where, in the event of a malfunction, the fuse wire melts or the fuse tube falls out, and the control box does not automatically activate the functions of opening, replacing, and reclosing, requiring manual intervention.

[0094] In one implementation, the control box further includes a remote-to-local switching handle, which has two positions: remote control and local control.

[0095] The remote control refers to the control box receiving instructions from the terminal 4 via the communication module 3 to control the fuse 1 to replace the fuse tube.

[0096] The local control refers to the control box stopping receiving instructions from terminal 4.

[0097] Furthermore, the individual fuses in the three-phase circuit are independent and not linked. Specifically, the operation and control of the individual fuses in the three-phase circuit do not affect each other. Single-phase fuses can be opened and closed at will, but the fuse opening and closing logic in the three-phase circuit is as follows: when power is cut off, the middle phase is opened first, followed by the peripheral phases; when power is restored, the peripheral phases are opened first, followed by the middle phases. When the transformer is de-energized, it follows the logic of low voltage to high voltage, and when power is restored, it follows the logic of high voltage to low voltage. That is, the air switch on the low-voltage side is opened first, and then the fuse on the high-voltage side is opened. The replacement of the spare fuse tube is carried out when the fuse is de-energized. The background automatic decision control realizes the automatic reclosing of the fuse tube after replacement. The application scenario of three-phase automatic reclosing is that when the power grid fault, resonance, etc. cause the operating fuse tube 13 of the high-voltage side fuse to blow, the air switch on the low-voltage side is opened, and the fuses of phases B, A, and C on the high-voltage side are opened in sequence. Among them, phase B is the middle phase circuit, and phases A and C are the peripheral phase circuits, thus isolating the transformer from the fault. Then, the system automatically checks which phase fuse is damaged and needs replacement. After a 1-minute delay, fuse 1 automatically replaces the damaged phase fuse with a spare. After another 1-minute delay, the fuses on the high-voltage side (phases A, C, and B) are closed in sequence, and the air switch on the low-voltage side is closed. If it is a momentary fault, the power grid returns to normal operation. If it is a permanent fault, the fuse will trip again, and manual on-site fault repair will begin.

[0098] Furthermore, factors such as extreme heat, cold, rain, snow, wind, and altitude in the natural environment can significantly impact the normal operation of construction machinery, and outdoor fuses are no exception. Long-term neglect can lead to situations where the fuse blows and the operating fuse tube 13 remains in its original position without being disposed of in the waste parts bin 113, or the fuse in the operating fuse tube 13 fails. These faults are difficult to detect and address promptly during maintenance, posing a significant risk to overcurrent protection. This application will combine the current information obtained from the operating fuse status monitoring module to proactively determine whether overcurrent exists and whether the fuse in the operating fuse tube 13 has reliably blown, making corresponding judgments. If fuse 1 fails, fuse 1 will forcibly and proactively replace the operating fuse tube 13.

[0099] The working principle of this application is as follows:

[0100] When a circuit malfunctions, refer to Figure 8 The running fuse detection module monitors the running fuse tube 13. First, it monitors whether there is an arc current waveform. If an arc current waveform appears, the fuse in the running fuse tube 13 is reliably blown, and the running fuse tube 13 is replaced.

[0101] When replacing the operating fuse tube 13, the spare fuse tube 16 is monitored first, referring to... Figure 9The backup fuse detection module monitors the backup fuse tube 16 and measures and calculates the resistance value of the fuse in the backup fuse tube 16. When the resistance value is normal, it indicates that the backup fuse tube 16 is usable, and the replacement of the operating fuse tube 13 is performed; when the resistance value is abnormal, it indicates that the backup fuse tube 16 has failed, and the failure status of the backup fuse tube 16 is transmitted to the terminal 4 through the communication module 3, and then the staff performs the on-site replacement operation.

[0102] The process of replacing the running fuse tube 13 is as follows: Under the control of the pull handle 12, the connection between the running fuse tube 13 and the inlet connector 121 is first disconnected. The solenoid valve 141 is not energized, that is, the pull claw 142 and the fuse tube connector 143 are locked. The motor 150 is started, and the motor 150 drives the bracket 153 to move along the lead screw 154 toward the second limit switch 152. At the same time, the bracket 153 drives the running fuse tube 13 to move toward the second limit switch 152 on the fuse tube moving platform through the pull claw 142 and the fuse tube connector 143. When the bracket 153 collides with the second limit switch 152, the timing chip controls the inner rod of the second electric push rod to retract, the second baffle opens, and the running fuse tube 13 falls from the operating chamber 112 into the waste part chamber 113. When the first predetermined time limit is reached, the TV chip controls the second electric push rod to extend, the inner rod of the first electric push rod to retract, the second baffle closes, the first baffle opens, and the spare fuse tube 16 falls from the spare part chamber 111 into the operating chamber 112. Subsequently, motor 150 reverses, driving the cable along lead screw 154 toward the first limit switch 151. Simultaneously, bracket 153, via pull claw 142 and fuse tube connector 143, moves spare fuse tube 16 on the fuse tube moving platform toward the first limit switch 151. When bracket 153 collides with the first limit switch 151, motor 150 stops running, and bracket 153 stops moving. Pulling handle 12 actuates spare fuse tube 16, connecting it to inlet connector 121, thus completing the replacement of spare fuse tube 16.

[0103] If no arcing current waveform is observed, overload and short-circuit current detection is performed on the operating fuse tube 13. If an overload or short-circuit current occurs, the control box controls fuse 1 to disconnect the circuit and transmits the information to terminal 4 through communication module 3 for on-site maintenance by personnel. If no overload or short-circuit current occurs, it indicates that the power distribution network is normal, and all components of the fuse monitoring system enter standby mode until the next abnormality in the power distribution network occurs, at which point the above operation is performed again.

[0104] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0105] The embodiments described above only illustrate the basic implementation of this application. Although the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A fuse, characterized in that, The fuse is connected in series with the distribution transformer on the power line in the power system. The fuse includes: a housing, a running fuse tube, a control component for controlling fuse tube replacement, and at least one spare fuse tube; The at least one spare fuse tube is placed inside the housing; After an overcurrent occurs in the circuit and causes damage to the operating fuse, the control component is used to replace the operating fuse with the spare fuse in the housing; The control component includes: Inlet connector, outlet connector, pull handle, power assembly for controlling the pull handle's movement, clamping assembly, drive assembly, and control assembly; The inlet and outlet connectors are both fixedly connected to the housing, and the inlet and outlet connectors are respectively connected to the wires; The inlet connector and the outlet connector are electrically connected through the running fuse tube, the pull handle is connected to the power component, and the power component is fixedly connected to the housing; When an overcurrent occurs in the line and the operating fuse needs to be replaced, the power component controls the pull handle to disconnect the operating fuse from the inlet or outlet connector. The clamping assembly is fixedly connected to the driving assembly, the driving assembly is fixedly connected to the housing, and the running melt tube is detachably fixedly connected to the clamping assembly. When an overcurrent occurs in the circuit and the operating fuse tube needs to be replaced, the clamping assembly is used to clamp or release the operating fuse tube, and the driving assembly is used to move the operating fuse tube. The spare fuse tube abuts against the control component, which is fixedly connected to the housing. When an overcurrent occurs in the circuit and the operating fuse tube needs to be replaced, the control component is used to discard the operating fuse tube and obtain the spare fuse tube. The drive assembly includes a motor, a first limit switch, a second limit switch, a bracket, and a guide rail; The first limit switch is fixedly connected to the housing on the side near the pull handle, and the second limit switch is fixedly connected to the housing on the side away from the pull handle. The guide rail is located between the first limit switch and the second limit switch. The first limit switch is used to control the motor and the control assembly to open or close when they are close to the pull handle, and the second limit switch is used to control the motor and the control assembly to open or close when they are away from the pull handle. The motor is fixed on the bracket, and the output shaft of the motor is connected to a transmission component, which is connected to the guide rail. When an overcurrent occurs in the circuit and the running fuse needs to be replaced, the motor is turned on, causing the bracket and the clamping assembly connected to the bracket to move along the guide rail. The control component includes a first baffle, a second baffle, and a timer; The first baffle is movably connected inside the housing to the side near the inlet connector, and the second baffle is movably connected inside the housing to the side near the outlet connector. The first baffle abuts against the spare fuse tube. The first baffle is connected to a first electric actuator, and the second baffle is connected to a second electric actuator. Both the first electric actuator and the second electric actuator are connected to the timer. The timer is used to set a time limit, and works with the first baffle and the first electric actuator to control the acquisition of the spare fuse tube, and works with the second baffle and the second electric actuator to discard the running fuse tube; When an overcurrent occurs in the power system and the fuse needs to be replaced, the second limit switch is struck by the bracket, the timer triggers the inner rod of the second electric actuator to retract, and the second baffle opens; when the timer's duration reaches a first predetermined time limit, the timer triggers the inner rod of the second electric actuator to extend, the inner rod of the first electric actuator to retract, the second baffle closes, and the first baffle opens; when the timer's duration reaches a second predetermined time limit, the timer triggers the first electric actuator to extend, and the first baffle closes.

2. The fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping assembly includes a solenoid valve, a pull claw, and a fusible connector. One side of the solenoid valve is connected to the drive assembly, and the other side of the solenoid valve is connected to the pull claw. The solenoid valve is used to control the connection or disconnection of the bracket with the pull claw. The pull claw is inserted into the fusion tube connector, the fusion tube connector is connected to the running fusion tube, the fusion tube connector is used to fix the running fusion tube, and the pull claw is used to drive the fusion tube connector and the running fusion tube to move.

3. The fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power components include a motor, an electric actuator, a pneumatic cylinder, or a hydraulic cylinder.

4. The fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shell is fixedly connected to a melting tube auxiliary tube, which is sleeved on the running melting tube.

5. A fuse monitoring system, characterized in that, Includes a fuse monitoring module, a communication module, a terminal, and the fuse as described in any one of claims 1 to 4; The fuse is connected in series with the distribution transformer on the power line in the power system. The input terminal of the fuse monitoring module is connected to the fuse. The fuse monitoring module is used to monitor the status of the fuse wire in the fuse and obtain the corresponding fuse wire status information. The output of the fuse monitoring module is connected to the input of the communication module, and the output of the communication module is connected to the terminal. The communication module is used to transmit the fuse status information monitored by the fuse monitoring module to the terminal. The terminal is used to display the fuse status information.

6. The fuse monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fuse includes three fuses, which are respectively installed on the three-phase distribution lines on the high-voltage side of the distribution transformer to control the on / off state of each phase distribution line.

7. The fuse monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fuse tube monitoring module includes a running fuse tube monitoring submodule, which includes a Rogowski coil and an active integrator. The Rogowski coil is connected to the active integrator, and the Rogowski coil is sleeved on the running fuse tube of the fuse. The active integrator is connected to the communication module. The Rogowski coil is used to measure the alternating current on the running fuse tube. The active integrator is used to amplify and restore the alternating current measured by the Rogowski coil. The communication module transmits the amplified and restored alternating current amplitude information to the terminal, and the state of the running fuse tube is determined by the alternating current amplitude information.

8. The fuse monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fuse tube monitoring module also includes a backup fuse tube monitoring submodule, which includes a constant current source and a measurement circuit. The constant current source is connected to the measurement circuit, and the backup fuse tube is connected in series or in parallel with the measurement circuit.

9. The fuse monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fuse monitoring system also includes a camera, which is connected to the communication module and faces the fuse.

10. The fuse monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The communication module includes an IoT card, a processor, and a program. The program is burned onto the processor, the IoT card is connected to the processor, and the processor is connected to the terminal and the fuse monitoring module, respectively.

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