Automated light dynamic penetrometer device and method of penetration test

Abstract

The application discloses an automatic light power sounding device, which comprises a working platform, an automatic hammering device, a sounding device, a digital sensor and a control device; the automatic hammering device, the digital sensor and the control device are fixed on the working platform, and the sounding device penetrates through the working platform and penetrates into a rock-soil body under the hammering of the automatic hammering device; the digital sensor collects the depth of the sounding device penetrating into the rock-soil body and the number of times of the automatic hammering device hammering the sounding device; and the control device receives and stores the data collected by the digital sensor and controls the action of the automatic hammering device. The application also discloses a power sounding test method, that is, the sounding device is hammered by the automatic hammering device so as to penetrate into the rock-soil body to be measured. Compared with the traditional sounding test method, the application improves the safety, accuracy and objectivity of the power sounding test, improves the sounding efficiency, avoids the safety hidden trouble in the sounding operation process and greatly reduces the labor intensity and manpower cost required by the sounding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an exploration device, specifically, to an automated, lightweight dynamic penetration test device for exploring the geological structure of rock and soil strata, and a method for conducting geological penetration tests using the device. This invention belongs to the field of geological exploration technology. Background Technology

[0002] A cone penetration test (CPPT) is a method for testing the physical properties of soil layers. It uses external force to drive a test probe into the soil, and determines the physical and mechanical properties of the soil layer based on the resistance encountered during penetration, rotation, and extraction. Dynamic cone penetration testing (DPPT) is a type of dynamic testing widely used to detect the physical properties of various types of soil and rock. Typically, the probe used in a dynamic cone penetration test is cone-shaped and mounted at the end of a probe rod. During the test, a hammer is used to strike the probe rod, causing it to penetrate into the soil layer. The number of hammer strikes and the depth of penetration are recorded as indicators to determine the soil layer and its physical and mechanical properties. Dynamic cone penetration testing is commonly used in engineering projects such as railways and highways to test the bearing capacity of foundations.

[0003] The traditional dynamic cone penetration test (CPPT) method involves one person holding the probe rod while 1-2 other people lift a 10kg hammer to a height of 50cm, then lower it freely to strike the probe rod. This process is repeated until the test is complete. Throughout the entire process, the hammer is manually swung, striking the probe rod, and the number of strikes and the depth of penetration into the soil are manually recorded. The disadvantages of this method are: 1. High operational risk; the hammer may strike the person holding the rod. 2. High labor intensity and labor costs; it requires repeated lifting and lowering of the hammer. Typically, 4-5 people are needed to complete one test. 3. Very low penetration efficiency; human-recorded data contains significant errors. Summary of the Invention

[0004] For the reasons stated above, the purpose of this invention is to provide an automated, lightweight, powered penetrometer. This powered penetrometer overcomes the drawbacks of traditional penetrometer methods, enabling automated penetrometer operation, significantly improving penetrometer efficiency, avoiding safety hazards during the penetrometer process, and greatly reducing the labor intensity and manpower costs required for penetrometer operation.

[0005] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for performing dynamic penetration tests using an automated lightweight dynamic penetration test device.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: an automated lightweight power penetration testing device, comprising a working platform, an automatic hammering device, a penetration device, a digital sensor, and a control device; the automatic hammering device, the digital sensor, and the control device are mounted and fixed on the working platform; the penetration device passes through the working platform and penetrates into the rock and soil mass under the hammering of the automatic hammering device; the digital sensor collects the penetration depth of the penetration device into the rock and soil mass and the number of times the automatic hammering device hammers the penetration device; the control device receives and stores the data collected by the digital sensor and controls the operation of the automatic hammering device.

[0007] The automatic hammering device includes a hydraulic servo motor, a stamped double sleeve, a hydraulic oil tank, a hydraulic oil pump, a movable push rod, a switch, an electromagnet, a probing hammer, and a hammer pad;

[0008] The stamping double sleeve is composed of an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve, and is vertically installed and fixed on the working platform; the inner sleeve is a retractable sealed cylinder filled with hydraulic oil; the movable push rod is fixed to the top of the inner sleeve, the outer sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the inner sleeve, and a longitudinal groove is opened on the side wall of the outer sleeve near the probe rod, through which the movable push rod passes and can move up and down along the longitudinal groove;

[0009] The hydraulic servo motor, hydraulic oil tank, and hydraulic oil pump are fixed on the working platform. The hydraulic servo motor drives the hydraulic oil pump to work. The hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil tank is connected to the hydraulic oil inlet / outlet of the inner sleeve of the stamped double sleeve through pipelines.

[0010] The electromagnet is welded to the end of the movable push rod. The movable push rod, the switch and the electromagnet are connected in series and then connected to the power supply to form a closed circuit.

[0011] The penetrometer hammer is a through-hole hammer, which is sleeved on the probe rod of the penetrometer and can slide up and down along the probe rod; a non-magnetic hammer pad with the same external dimensions as the penetrometer hammer is provided below the penetrometer hammer, and the hammer pad is fixed on the probe rod.

[0012] Preferably, the probing device includes a probe rod, a probe, a fixed bracket, an upper vertical fixing sleeve, and a lower vertical fixing sleeve; the fixed bracket is fixed to the working platform, the probe rod passes through the center of the fixed bracket, and then passes through the working platform; the upper vertical fixing sleeve and the lower vertical fixing sleeve are respectively installed at the root of the probe rod located on the front and back of the working platform.

[0013] Preferably, the digital sensor includes a displacement sensor for measuring the depth of the probe penetration into the rock mass and an electromagnetic counting sensor for recording the number of times the probe hammer strikes the probe; the displacement sensor is fixed on the fixed bracket and the electromagnetic counting sensor is fixed on the working platform.

[0014] Preferably, the working platform includes a mobile trolley, a leveling platform, four hydraulic push rods, four displacement sensors, a lateral tilt sensor, and a longitudinal tilt sensor. The four corners of the leveling platform are each fixed to the mobile trolley by one of the hydraulic push rods, and each hydraulic push rod is equipped with a displacement sensor. The lateral tilt sensor and the longitudinal tilt sensor are mounted on the leveling platform, and their signal output terminals are respectively connected to the signal input terminals of the control device. The signal output terminals of the control device are respectively connected to the control terminals of the four hydraulic push rods to control the lifting and lowering of the four hydraulic push rods.

[0015] Preferably, the automated lightweight power probing device further includes a GPS positioning device, which is fixed on the leveling platform or the mobile trolley.

[0016] The test method for probing rock and soil using an automated lightweight dynamic penetration test device is as follows:

[0017] S1. A working platform is set up at the test point. The working platform is horizontal.

[0018] S2. Fix a fixed bracket on the working platform, pass the probe rod through the center point of the fixed bracket and the working platform; fix a conical probe at the bottom of the probe rod; fix a non-magnetic hammer pad on the probe rod above the fixed bracket; and put a probe hammer that can slide up and down along the probe rod on the probe rod above the hammer pad.

[0019] S3. Next to the probe rod, a longitudinally arranged stamped double sleeve is fixed on the working platform. The stamped double sleeve consists of an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve. The inner sleeve is a telescopic sleeve filled with hydraulic oil. A movable push rod is fixed at the top of the inner sleeve. A longitudinal groove is opened on the side wall of the outer sleeve near the probe rod. The movable push rod extends out from the longitudinal groove and can move up and down along the longitudinal groove.

[0020] S4. An electromagnet is fixed to the end of the movable push rod. The movable push rod, the electromagnet and the switch are connected in series and then connected to the power supply to form a closed circuit.

[0021] S5. A hydraulic servo motor, a hydraulic oil pump, and a hydraulic oil tank are also fixed on the working platform; the hydraulic oil inlet / outlet of the inner sleeve is connected to the hydraulic oil tank via pipeline; the hydraulic servo motor drives the hydraulic oil pump to flush the hydraulic oil into the inner sleeve, or to suck the hydraulic oil in the inner sleeve back to the hydraulic oil tank.

[0022] S6. An electromagnetic counting sensor for recording the number of times the probe hammer strikes the probe rod and a displacement sensor for measuring the distance the probe rod penetrates into the soil are also fixed on the working platform.

[0023] S7. A control device is also fixed on the work platform. This control device is used to receive data measured by the electromagnetic counting sensor and the displacement sensor, and to output control signals to control the action of the hydraulic servo motor and control the closing or opening of the closed circuit switch.

[0024] S8. During the penetration test, the control device outputs a control signal to close the switch in the closed circuit, and the electromagnet generates magnetism.

[0025] S9. The control device outputs a control signal to start the hydraulic servo motor. The hydraulic servo motor drives the hydraulic oil pump to push hydraulic oil into the inner sleeve. Under the impact of the hydraulic oil, the inner sleeve moves upward and extends, pushing the moving push rod and the electromagnet connected to it to move upward together. During the upward movement, the distance between the electromagnet and the probe hammer gets closer and closer. When the electromagnet moves upward to the probe hammer, the electromagnet attracts the probe hammer and moves upward together. After the probe hammer reaches the specified height.

[0026] S10. The control device outputs a control signal to disconnect the switch, the current in the electromagnet disappears, the electromagnetic force is lost, the electromagnet and the probe hammer separate, and the probe hammer falls freely to strike the probe rod. At the same time, the control device outputs a control signal to make the hydraulic servo motor rotate in the opposite direction, driving the hydraulic oil pump to draw the hydraulic oil in the inner sleeve back to the hydraulic oil tank. The hydraulic pressure disappears, the inner sleeve moves downward, and the moving push rod and electromagnet move downward to the bottom of the stamping double sleeve. At this point, the process of the automatic hammering device striking the probe rod once ends.

[0027] S11. Repeat steps S8-S10 to complete the set number of hammer blows or reach the depth to which the probe penetrates the soil.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are: it can realize automatic hammering of the probe rod, automatically measure the distance of the probe rod penetrating the rock and soil and the number of times the probe hammer strikes the probe rod, comprehensively improve the safety, accuracy and objectivity of dynamic penetration testing, eliminate adverse human factors, greatly improve penetration efficiency, avoid safety hazards in the penetration process, and greatly reduce the labor intensity and labor cost required for penetration testing. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the automated lightweight power penetration testing device of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a side view of the automated lightweight power penetration testing device of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a top-view projection of the automated lightweight power penetration testing device of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a partial enlarged view of the automatic hammering device of the automated lightweight power penetration test equipment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the dynamic penetration test method of the present invention.

[0034] Among them, 1. Moving trolley, 2. Leveling platform, 31. Left front hydraulic push rod, 32. Left rear hydraulic push rod, 33. Right front hydraulic push rod, 41. Left front displacement sensor, 42. Left rear displacement sensor, 43. Right front displacement sensor, 5. Lateral tilt sensor, 6. Longitudinal tilt sensor, 7. Control device, 8. Hydraulic servo motor, 9. Stamped double sleeve, 91. Inner sleeve, 92. Outer sleeve, 921. Longitudinal groove on the outer sleeve, 10. 11. Hydraulic oil tank; 12. Hydraulic oil pump; 13. Moving push rod; 14. Switch; 15. Electromagnet; 16. Penetrometer hammer; 17. Hammer pad; 18. Stabilizing bracket; 19. Probe rod; 20. Probe; 21. Fixed bracket; 22. Upper vertical fixing sleeve; 23. Lower vertical fixing sleeve; 24. Anti-detachment cap; 25. Displacement sensor; 26. Infrared transmitter; 27. Infrared receiver; 28. Electromagnetic counting sensor; 29. ​​GPS positioning device. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The structure and features of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that various modifications can be made to the embodiments disclosed herein; therefore, the embodiments disclosed in this specification should not be considered as limitations on the present invention, but merely as examples to make the features of the present invention readily apparent.

[0036] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the automated lightweight power penetration testing equipment disclosed in this invention includes a working platform, an automatic hammering device, a penetration device, a digital sensor, and a control device. The automatic hammering device, digital sensor, and control device are installed and fixed on the working platform. The penetration device passes through the working platform and penetrates into the rock and soil mass under the action of the automatic hammering device. The digital sensor collects the penetration depth of the penetration device into the rock and soil mass and the number of times the automatic hammering device strikes the penetration device. The control device receives and stores the data collected by the digital sensor and controls the action of the automatic hammering device.

[0037] The working platform includes a mobile trolley 1, a leveling platform 2, a left front hydraulic push rod 31, a left rear hydraulic push rod 32, a right front hydraulic push rod 33, a right rear hydraulic push rod (not shown in the figure), a left front displacement sensor 41, a left rear displacement sensor 42, a right front displacement sensor 43, a right rear displacement sensor (not shown in the figure), a lateral tilt sensor 5, and a longitudinal tilt sensor 6. The four corners of the leveling platform 2 are each fixed to the mobile trolley 1 by a hydraulic push rod, and each hydraulic push rod is equipped with a displacement sensor. Lateral tilt sensor 5 and longitudinal tilt sensor 6 are installed on the leveling platform 2. Their signal output terminals are connected to the signal input terminals of the control device 7, respectively. The signal output terminals of the control device 7 are connected to the control terminals of the left front hydraulic push rod 31, left rear hydraulic push rod 32, right front hydraulic push rod 33, and right rear hydraulic push rod, respectively. The control device 7 controls the raising and lowering of the left front hydraulic push rod 31, left rear hydraulic push rod 32, right front hydraulic push rod 33, and right rear hydraulic push rod according to the tilt angle of the leveling platform 2 detected by the lateral tilt sensor 5 and longitudinal tilt sensor 6, and the displacement of the left front hydraulic push rod 31, left rear hydraulic push rod 32, right front hydraulic push rod 33, and right rear hydraulic push rod measured by the left front displacement sensor 41, left rear displacement sensor 42, right front displacement sensor 43, and right rear displacement sensor, thereby adjusting the leveling platform 2 to make it horizontal.

[0038] The automatic hammering device includes a hydraulic servo motor 8, a stamping double sleeve 9, a hydraulic oil tank 10, a hydraulic oil pump 11, a moving push rod 12, a switch 13, an electromagnet 14, a probing hammer 15, a hammer pad 16, and a stabilizing bracket 17.

[0039] The stamping double sleeve 9 is composed of an inner sleeve 91 and an outer sleeve 92, and is vertically installed and fixed on the leveling platform 2. The inner sleeve 91 is filled with hydraulic oil, which allows it to extend and retract under the action of the hydraulic oil. The movable push rod 12 is fixed to the top of the inner sleeve 91, and the outer sleeve 92 is fitted over the inner sleeve 91. A longitudinal groove 921 is formed on the side wall of the outer sleeve 92 near the probe 18, through which the movable push rod 12 passes. When the inner sleeve 91 extends and retracts under the action of hydraulic oil, the movable push rod 12 moves up and down along the longitudinal groove 921.

[0040] The hydraulic servo motor 8, hydraulic oil tank 10, and hydraulic oil pump 11 are fixed on the leveling platform 2. The hydraulic servo motor 8 drives the hydraulic oil pump 11 to work. The hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil tank 10 is connected to the hydraulic oil inlet / outlet of the inner sleeve 91 of the stamped double sleeve through pipelines. The hydraulic servo motor 8 drives the hydraulic oil pump 11 to fill the inner sleeve 91 with the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil tank 10 through pipelines. When the hydraulic servo motor 8 reverses, it drives the hydraulic oil pump 11 to draw the hydraulic oil in the inner sleeve 91 back into the hydraulic oil tank 10 through pipelines.

[0041] An electromagnet 14 is welded to the end of the movable push rod 12. The movable push rod 12, switch 13, and electromagnet 14 are connected in series and then connected to a power source to form a closed circuit. When switch 13 is closed, current flows through the closed circuit, and electromagnet 14 is energized to generate a magnetic field.

[0042] The penetrometer hammer 15 is a through hammer that is sleeved on the probe rod 18 and can slide up and down along the probe rod 18. Below the penetrometer hammer, there is a non-magnetic hammer pad 16 with the same external dimensions as the penetrometer hammer 15, and the hammer pad 16 is fixed on the probe rod 18.

[0043] The probing device includes a probe rod 18, a probe 19, a fixed support 20, an upper vertical fixing sleeve 21, and a lower vertical fixing sleeve 22. To maintain the probe rod 18 in a vertical position, a fixed support 20 is fixed on the leveling platform 2. The probe rod 18 passes through the center of the fixed support 20 and then through the leveling platform 2. The upper vertical fixing sleeve 21 is inserted at the root of the probe rod on the front side of the leveling platform 2, and the lower vertical fixing sleeve 22 is inserted at the root of the probe rod on the back side of the leveling platform 2. The probe 19 has a conical end and is fixed to the end of the probe rod 18 for probing penetration into the rock mass.

[0044] In the initial state, the probe hammer 15 is located on the hammer pad 16, there is no hydraulic oil in the inner sleeve 91, the moving push rod 12 and the electromagnet 14 connected to it are located at the bottom of the stamping double sleeve 9, and the switch 13 is in the off state.

[0045] During probing, switch 13 is closed, activating the circuit formed by the moving push rod 12, switch 13, and electromagnet 14, which in turn generates magnetism. Then, hydraulic servo motor 8 is activated. Based on a preset number of times the probing hammer 15 strikes the probe rod 18, hydraulic servo motor 8 drives hydraulic oil pump 11 to push hydraulic oil from hydraulic oil tank 10 into the inner sleeve 91 of the stamped double sleeve 9. Under the impact of the hydraulic oil, the inner sleeve 91 moves upward and elongates, pushing the moving push rod 12 at the top of the inner sleeve and the connected electromagnet 14 upward together. During this upward movement, the distance between the electromagnet 14 and the probing hammer 15 gets closer and closer. When the electromagnet 14 reaches the probing hammer 15, it attracts the hammer, and the moving push rod 12 and the electromagnet 14 together drive the hammer 15 upward. Once the hammer 15 reaches the designated position... After reaching the desired height, switch 13 is disconnected, the current flowing through electromagnet 14 disappears, the electromagnetic force disappears, electromagnet 14 and probe hammer 15 separate, and probe hammer 15 falls freely, striking hammer pad 16. Since hammer pad 16 is fixed on probe rod 18, when probe hammer 15 falls freely and strikes hammer pad 16, the downward impact force will drive probe rod 18 and its end probe 19 into the rock and soil. At the same time, hydraulic servo motor rotates in the opposite direction, driving hydraulic oil pump to draw hydraulic oil in inner sleeve 91 back to hydraulic oil tank. The hydraulic pressure in inner sleeve 91 disappears, inner sleeve 91 moves downward, and moving push rod 12 and electromagnet 14 move downward along the longitudinal sliding groove 921 on the side wall of outer sleeve 92 to the bottom of the stamping double sleeve. Thus, the process of the automatic hammering device striking the probe rod once ends. If you want to strike the probe rod N times, repeat the above process N times.

[0046] The digital sensors include a displacement sensor 24 for measuring the penetration depth of the probe 18 into the rock mass and an electromagnetic counting sensor 25 for recording the number of times the cone penetrometer 15 strikes the hammer pad, i.e., the probe 18. The displacement sensor 24 is fixed on the fixed bracket 20, and the electromagnetic counting sensor 25 is fixed on the leveling platform 2. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the displacement sensor 24 is an infrared displacement sensor, which includes an infrared transmitter 241 and an infrared receiver 242. The infrared transmitter 241 is mounted on the fixed bracket 20, and the infrared receiver 242 is fixed to the back of the hammer pad 16.

[0047] To accurately locate the working point of the probing device, the present invention also includes a GPS positioning device 26, which is fixed on the leveling platform 2 or the mobile trolley 1.

[0048] To ensure that the leveling platform 2 is horizontal when the probe device of the present invention is working, the present invention installs a lateral tilt sensor 5 and a longitudinal tilt sensor 6 on the leveling platform; the four corners of the leveling platform 2 are fixed to the moving trolley 1 by four hydraulic push rods, namely the left front hydraulic push rod 31, the left rear hydraulic push rod 32, the right front hydraulic push rod 33, and the right rear hydraulic push rod, and the level of the leveling platform 2 is adjusted by the hydraulic push rods.

[0049] When the lateral tilt sensor or the longitudinal tilt sensor detects that the leveling platform is tilted relative to the horizontal plane, the control device 7 substitutes the tilt angle measured by the tilt sensor into formula (1), calculates the height that the hydraulic push rod needs to be raised, drives the hydraulic push rod to lift upward, and adjusts the leveling platform to make it horizontal:

[0050] (1)

[0051] Where: l is the distance between two horizontal hydraulic push rods or two vertical hydraulic push rods; The tilt angle is measured by the lateral tilt sensor or the longitudinal tilt sensor; s is the height that the hydraulic push rod needs to be lifted.

[0052] when When measuring the tilt angle using a lateral tilt sensor, l is the distance between the left front hydraulic push rod and the left rear hydraulic push rod. Then, s is calculated using the above formula, representing the height the hydraulic push rod needs to be raised. If... If the value is positive, the left and right rear hydraulic push rods will be extended by s; if... If the value is negative, the left front hydraulic push rod and the right front hydraulic push rod will be extended by s; the lateral adjustment is complete.

[0053] when When the tilt angle is measured by the longitudinal tilt sensor, l is the distance between the left front hydraulic push rod and the right front hydraulic push rod. At this point, s is calculated using the above formula, which represents the height the hydraulic push rod needs to be raised. If... If the value is positive, the right front hydraulic push rod and the right rear hydraulic push rod will be extended by s; if... If the value is negative, the left front hydraulic push rod and the left rear hydraulic push rod will be extended by s; the longitudinal adjustment will then be complete.

[0054] Once the readings of the lateral tilt sensor and the longitudinal tilt sensor return to zero, the leveling is complete. If they do not return to zero, the automatic adjustment continues until they do. At this point, the leveling platform is in a horizontal state, and the probe passes through the round hole of the fixed bracket 20 and the leveling platform 2, as well as the upper vertical fixing sleeve 21 and the lower vertical fixing sleeve 22, to maintain a vertical state.

[0055] The control device 7 receives and records the data measured by the displacement sensor 24 and the electromagnetic counting sensor 25, and generates a statistical analysis report. When the number of hammer blows exceeds 100 when the probe penetrates the rock mass to a depth of 30cm or the number of hammer blows exceeds 50 when the probe penetrates the rock mass to a depth of 15cm, the control device reminds the user to stop the penetration test and directly calculates parameters such as the bearing capacity of the foundation and the density of the strata.

[0056] In addition, to prevent the penetrometer hammer 15 from moving upwards and detaching from the probe rod 18, the present invention has a detachable anti-detachment cap 23 fixed to the top of the probe rod 18. When the penetrometer is working, to prevent the stamping double sleeve 9 from shaking, the present invention uses a stabilizing bracket 17 to further secure it to the leveling platform 2. When the penetrometer is working, to prevent the moving trolley 1 from moving, the left and right front wheels of the moving trolley can be locked by a mechanical lock.

[0057] like Figure 5 As shown, the present invention also provides an automatic penetration test method for soil and rock masses, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0058] S1. A working platform is set up at the test point. The working platform is horizontal.

[0059] S2. Fix a fixed bracket on the working platform, pass the probe rod through the center point of the fixed bracket and the working platform; fix a conical probe at the bottom of the probe rod; fix a non-magnetic hammer pad on the probe rod above the fixed bracket; and put a probe hammer that can slide up and down along the probe rod on the probe rod above the hammer pad.

[0060] S3. Next to the probe rod, a longitudinally arranged stamped double sleeve is fixed on the working platform. The stamped double sleeve consists of an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve. The inner sleeve is a telescopic sleeve filled with hydraulic oil. A movable push rod is fixed at the top of the inner sleeve. A longitudinal groove is opened on the side wall of the outer sleeve near the probe rod. The movable push rod extends out from the longitudinal groove and can move up and down along the longitudinal groove.

[0061] S4. An electromagnet is fixed to the end of the movable push rod. The movable push rod, the electromagnet and the switch are connected in series and then connected to the power supply to form a closed circuit.

[0062] S5. A hydraulic servo motor, a hydraulic oil pump, and a hydraulic oil tank are also fixed on the working platform; the hydraulic oil inlet / outlet of the inner sleeve is connected to the hydraulic oil tank via pipeline; the hydraulic servo motor drives the hydraulic oil pump to flush the hydraulic oil into the inner sleeve, or to suck the hydraulic oil in the inner sleeve back to the hydraulic oil tank.

[0063] S6. An electromagnetic counting sensor for recording the number of times the probe hammer strikes the probe rod and a displacement sensor for measuring the distance the probe rod penetrates into the soil are also fixed on the working platform.

[0064] S7. A control device is also fixed on the work platform. This control device is used to receive data measured by the electromagnetic counting sensor and the displacement sensor, and to output control signals to control the action of the hydraulic servo motor and control the closing or opening of the closed circuit switch.

[0065] S8. When the probe begins, the control device outputs a control signal to close the switch in the closed circuit, and the electromagnet generates magnetism.

[0066] S9. The control device outputs a control signal to start the hydraulic servo motor. The hydraulic servo motor drives the hydraulic oil pump to push hydraulic oil into the inner sleeve. Under the impact of the hydraulic oil, the inner sleeve moves upward and extends, pushing the moving push rod and the electromagnet connected to it to move upward together. During the upward movement, the distance between the electromagnet and the probe hammer gets closer and closer. When the electromagnet moves upward to the probe hammer, the electromagnet attracts the probe hammer and moves upward together. After the probe hammer reaches the specified height.

[0067] S10. The control device outputs a control signal to disconnect the switch, the current in the electromagnet disappears, the electromagnetic force is lost, the electromagnet and the probe hammer separate, and the probe hammer falls freely to strike the probe rod. At the same time, the control device outputs a control signal to make the hydraulic servo motor rotate in the opposite direction, driving the hydraulic oil pump to draw the hydraulic oil in the inner sleeve back to the hydraulic oil tank. The hydraulic pressure disappears, the inner sleeve moves downward, and the moving push rod and electromagnet move downward to the bottom of the stamping double sleeve. At this point, the process of the automatic hammering device striking the probe rod once ends.

[0068] S11. Repeat steps S8-S10 to complete the set number of hammer blows or reach the depth to which the probe penetrates the soil.

[0069] Compared with traditional penetration testing methods, the penetration test method of this invention can automatically hammer the probe rod, automatically measure the distance the probe rod penetrates into the soil and rock and the number of times the probe hammer strikes the probe rod, comprehensively improve the safety, accuracy and objectivity of dynamic penetration testing, avoid safety hazards in the penetration operation process, greatly reduce the labor intensity and manpower costs required for penetration testing, and improve the efficiency of penetration testing.

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automated, lightweight, powered penetrometer, characterized in that: It includes a working platform, an automatic hammering device, a probing device, digital sensors, and a control device. The automatic hammering device, digital sensors, and control device are installed and fixed on the working platform. The probing device passes through the working platform and penetrates into the rock and soil mass under the hammering of the automatic hammering device. The digital sensors collect the penetration depth of the probing device into the rock and soil mass and the number of times the automatic hammering device hammers the probing device. The control device receives and stores the data collected by the digital sensors and controls the operation of the automatic hammering device. The automatic hammering device includes a hydraulic servo motor, a stamped double sleeve, a hydraulic oil tank, a hydraulic oil pump, a movable push rod, a switch, an electromagnet, a probing hammer, and a hammer pad; The stamping double sleeve is composed of an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve, and is vertically installed and fixed on the working platform; the inner sleeve is a retractable sealed cylinder filled with hydraulic oil; the movable push rod is fixed to the top of the inner sleeve, the outer sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the inner sleeve, and a longitudinal groove is opened on the side wall of the outer sleeve near the probe rod, through which the movable push rod passes and can move up and down along the longitudinal groove; The hydraulic servo motor, hydraulic oil tank, and hydraulic oil pump are fixed on the working platform. The hydraulic servo motor drives the hydraulic oil pump to work. The hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil tank is connected to the hydraulic oil inlet / outlet of the inner sleeve of the stamped double sleeve through pipelines. An electromagnet is welded to the end of the movable push rod. The movable push rod, the switch, and the electromagnet are connected in series and then connected to the power supply to form a closed circuit. A hydraulic servo motor drives a hydraulic oil pump to push hydraulic oil into the inner sleeve. Under the impact of the hydraulic oil, the inner sleeve moves upward and elongates, pushing the moving push rod and the electromagnet connected to it to move upward together. During the upward movement, the distance between the electromagnet and the probe hammer gets closer and closer. When the electromagnet moves upward to the probe hammer, it attracts the probe hammer. The moving push rod and the electromagnet together drive the probe hammer to move upward. After the probe hammer reaches the designated height, the switch is turned off, the current flowing in the electromagnet disappears, the electromagnetic force disappears, the electromagnet and the probe hammer separate, and the probe hammer falls freely and strikes the hammer pad. The penetrometer hammer is a through-hole hammer, which is sleeved on the probe rod of the penetrometer and can slide up and down along the probe rod; a non-magnetic hammer pad with the same external dimensions as the penetrometer hammer is provided below the penetrometer hammer, and the hammer pad is fixed on the probe rod. The penetration testing device also includes a probe, which is fixed to the end of the probe rod. Since the hammer pad is fixed to the probe rod, when the penetration hammer falls freely and strikes the hammer pad, the downward impact force will drive the probe rod and the probe at its end into the rock and soil together. The working platform includes a mobile trolley, a leveling platform, four hydraulic push rods, four displacement sensors, a lateral tilt sensor, and a longitudinal tilt sensor. Each of the four corners of the leveling platform is fixed to the mobile trolley by a hydraulic push rod, and each hydraulic push rod is equipped with a displacement sensor. The lateral tilt sensor and the longitudinal tilt sensor are mounted on the leveling platform, and their signal output terminals are connected to the signal input terminals of the control device. The signal output terminals of the control device are connected to the control terminals of the four hydraulic push rods to control their lifting and lowering. Leveling ends when the readings of the lateral tilt sensor and the longitudinal tilt sensor return to zero. If they do not return to zero, automatic adjustment continues until they do. At this point, the leveling platform is horizontal, and the probe passes through the circular holes in the fixed bracket and the leveling platform, as well as the upper and lower vertical fixed cylinders, maintaining a vertical position.

2. The automated lightweight powered penetrometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The probing device includes a probe rod, a probe, a fixed bracket, an upper vertical fixing sleeve, and a lower vertical fixing sleeve; The fixed bracket is fixed to the working platform, and the probe passes through the center of the fixed bracket and then through the working platform; The upper vertical fixing sleeve and the lower vertical fixing sleeve are respectively installed at the root of the probe located on the front and back of the working platform.

3. The automated lightweight powered penetration testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The digital sensor includes a displacement sensor for measuring the depth of the probe penetration into the rock mass and an electromagnetic counting sensor for recording the number of times the probe hammer strikes the probe. The displacement sensor is fixed on the fixed bracket, and the electromagnetic counting sensor is fixed on the working platform.

4. The automated lightweight powered penetration testing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a GPS positioning device, which is fixed on the leveling platform or the mobile trolley.

5. A test method for probing rock and soil using any one of the automated lightweight dynamic penetrometers described in claims 1-4, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1. A working platform is set up at the test point. The working platform is horizontal. S2. Fix a fixed bracket on the working platform, pass the probe rod through the center point of the fixed bracket and the working platform; fix a conical probe at the bottom of the probe rod; fix a non-magnetic hammer pad on the probe rod above the fixed bracket; and put a probe hammer that can slide up and down along the probe rod on the probe rod above the hammer pad. S3. Next to the probe rod, a longitudinally arranged stamped double sleeve is fixed on the working platform. The stamped double sleeve consists of an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve. The inner sleeve is a telescopic sleeve filled with hydraulic oil. A movable push rod is fixed at the top of the inner sleeve. A longitudinal groove is opened on the side wall of the outer sleeve near the probe rod. The movable push rod extends out from the longitudinal groove and can move up and down along the longitudinal groove. S4. An electromagnet is fixed to the end of the movable push rod. The movable push rod, the electromagnet and the switch are connected in series and then connected to the power supply to form a closed circuit. S5. A hydraulic servo motor, a hydraulic oil pump, and a hydraulic oil tank are also fixed on the working platform; the hydraulic oil inlet / outlet of the inner sleeve is connected to the hydraulic oil tank via pipeline; the hydraulic servo motor drives the hydraulic oil pump to flush the hydraulic oil into the inner sleeve, or to suck the hydraulic oil in the inner sleeve back to the hydraulic oil tank. S6. An electromagnetic counting sensor for recording the number of times the probe hammer strikes the probe rod and a displacement sensor for measuring the distance the probe rod penetrates into the soil are also fixed on the working platform. S7. A control device is also fixed on the work platform. This control device is used to receive data measured by the electromagnetic counting sensor and the displacement sensor, and to output control signals to control the action of the hydraulic servo motor and control the closing or opening of the closed circuit switch. S8. During the penetration test, the control device outputs a control signal to close the switch in the closed circuit, and the electromagnet generates magnetism. S9. The control device outputs a control signal to start the hydraulic servo motor. The hydraulic servo motor drives the hydraulic oil pump to push hydraulic oil into the inner sleeve. Under the impact of the hydraulic oil, the inner sleeve moves upward and extends, pushing the moving push rod and the electromagnet connected to it to move upward together. During the upward movement, the distance between the electromagnet and the probe hammer gets closer and closer. When the electromagnet moves upward to the probe hammer, the electromagnet attracts the probe hammer and moves upward together. After the probe hammer reaches the specified height. S10. The control device outputs a control signal to disconnect the switch, the current in the electromagnet disappears, the electromagnetic force is lost, the electromagnet and the probe hammer separate, and the probe hammer falls freely to strike the probe rod. At the same time, the control device outputs a control signal to make the hydraulic servo motor rotate in the opposite direction, driving the hydraulic oil pump to draw the hydraulic oil in the inner sleeve back to the hydraulic oil tank. The hydraulic pressure disappears, the inner sleeve moves downward, and the moving push rod and electromagnet move downward to the bottom of the stamping sleeve. At this point, the process of the automatic hammering device striking the probe rod once ends. S11. Repeat steps S8-S10 to complete the set number of hammer blows or reach the depth to which the probe penetrates the soil.

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