Polymetric polarizing optical system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of polarized optical system, and discloses a multi-photometric polarized optical system, which comprises light source units and camera units distributed according to a certain polarization logic. The light source units are arranged to be distributed on a hemispherical surface based on the Bongga ball polarization distribution according to a preset first polarization logic. The first polarization logic comprises the polarization states of a plurality of stations on the equator line, the polarization states of corresponding positions on a plurality of latitude lines, and the polarization states of corresponding positions on the same meridian of the hemispherical surface. The camera unit is located at the north pole of the hemispherical surface, and the lens is directed towards the center position of the hemispherical surface. The present application provides a multi-photometric multi-camera polarized optical system based on the Bongga ball polarization distribution principle, which is designed by a single light source movement or multiple light sources, realizes orthogonal combination of the hardware level polarized light source, combines the polarization design of the camera, is applied to a material scanner to continuously scan a multi-dimensional structured light field, and can realize a better high-light filtering effect through the orthogonal logic.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of polarization optical system technology, and more specifically to a multi-photon polarization optical system applicable to optical scanning instruments such as optical macro scanners and material scanners. Background Technology

[0002] The Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) defines how irradiance in a given incident direction affects emissivity in a given outgoing direction, describing the relationship between incident and reflected light on a surface. The BRDF uses the Cook-Torrance reflection model, which includes diffuse and specular reflection components: Rbd = kdRd + ksRs, where kd + ks = 1, and Rd and Rs are related to the material of the object.

[0003] In material scanners, a multi-dimensional structured optical system is used to construct the light field. Images of the material surface are captured by continuous scanning at multiple angles and positions. Since direct measurement of the image's specular information is difficult, and since diffuse reflection information can be extracted by filtering specular highlights using orthogonal polarization, we attempted to extract diffuse reflection information by removing the diffuse reflection portion from images containing both specular and diffuse reflection. However, there is currently no mature solution using a polarization optical system. Existing solutions do not thoroughly filter specular highlights from diffuse reflection, and the differences in specular highlights at different positions due to polarization filtering are significant, lacking a systematic polarization logic. Summary of the Invention

[0004] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a multi-polarization optical system is provided, comprising:

[0005] A light source unit is configured to be distributed on a hemisphere based on a Bonga sphere polarization distribution according to a preset first polarization logic; the first polarization logic includes the polarization state of the light source unit at multiple positions on the equator of the hemisphere, the polarization state at corresponding positions on multiple parallels from the equator of the hemisphere to the North Pole, and the polarization state at corresponding positions on the same meridian of the hemisphere.

[0006] At least one camera unit is positioned at the north pole of the hemisphere, with the lens of the camera unit facing the center of the hemisphere.

[0007] Wherein, at the equator and at the multiple parallels of latitude, the light source unit has the same number of workstations, the polarization of the light source unit at the multiple positions on the equator of the hemisphere is linear polarization, and the at least one camera unit is circular polarization.

[0008] Furthermore, the optical axis of the camera unit is perpendicular to the optical axis of the light source unit in its initial position, so that the light-emitting surface of the light source unit observed from the camera unit is in its darkest state; the light source unit is located on the equator in its initial position, and its optical axis is parallel to the z-axis of the coordinate system.

[0009] The polarization of the camera unit remains unchanged when the light source unit is in multiple workstation positions.

[0010] As an optional implementation, the polarization center coordinates of the light source unit are defined as (x, y, z), where x = rCosδCosψ, y = rCosδSinψ, and z = rSinδ. ψ is the rotation angle of the light source unit between two adjacent positions on the equator or the same latitude line; δ is the ellipticity of the light source unit's position on the equator or the same latitude line, representing the angle with the hemispherical section where the equator is located.

[0011] When the light source unit is at multiple work positions on the equator or the same latitude, the next work position is defined by rotating counterclockwise by an angle ψ from the current work position. The optical axis of the light source unit rotates counterclockwise by an angle ψ within its own coordinate system, while the polarization of the camera unit remains unchanged.

[0012] As an optional implementation, when the light source unit is located at a corresponding position on one of the latitude lines from the equator to the North Pole of the hemisphere, it has an initial position corresponding to the initial position on the equator. The initial position of its optical axis makes an angle α with the z-axis. The optical axis of the light source unit rotates by an angle ψ in its own coordinate system to form an angle α+ψ with the initial position.

[0013] As an optional implementation, when the light source unit is located on the equator of the hemisphere, the polarization state at each station is linearly polarized, and the optical axis directions of the light source units at positions with the same meridian are consistent. When the light source unit is located on any latitude line from the equator to the North Pole of the hemisphere, the polarization state at each station is circularly polarized.

[0014] As an optional implementation, for multiple different work positions on the same latitude, the light source unit is configured with a polarization state having the same ellipticity, and the major axis direction of the elliptic polarization state is consistent with the optical axis direction of the light source unit at the corresponding equator on the same longitude. When the work position rotates by an angle ψ, the major axis of the elliptic polarization rotates counterclockwise by an angle ψ in the coordinate system of the light source unit itself, and the polarization of the camera unit remains unchanged.

[0015] As an optional implementation, for multiple light source units at different work positions on the same meridian, each work position on the meridian of the hemispherical surface is configured with an elliptic polarization state with the same tilt angle, but with different ellipticity.

[0016] As an optional implementation, the light source unit is configured to include a motor, a motor-side gear, a light source-side gear, a light source, and a polarizer;

[0017] The polarizer is positioned in front of the direction of the light beam emitted from the light source;

[0018] The output shaft of the motor is coaxially connected to the motor-side gear, which is configured to mesh with the light source-side gear; the light source-side gear is arranged around the light source.

[0019] The polarizer is mounted on a circular bracket, which is connected to the light source side gear along its edge and can rotate synchronously with the light source side gear. By controlling the rotation of the motor, the motor side gear is driven to rotate, thereby linking the rotation of the light source side gear and synchronously driving the rotation of the polarizer to achieve orthogonal polarization change.

[0020] As an optional implementation, the light source unit is configured at the same station to satisfy either the diffuse reflection group or the specular group polarization configuration:

[0021] The polarization configuration of the diffuse reflection group satisfies the following: the polarization state is set according to the first polarization logic;

[0022] The polarization configuration of the high-light group satisfies the following condition: the polarization state at each station is set to be orthogonally distributed with the corresponding diffuse reflection group.

[0023] As an optional implementation, the light source unit is configured to include a first light source assembly and a second light source assembly, both of which include a motor, a motor-side gear, a light source-side gear, a light source, and a polarizer; the first light source assembly serves as a left-side polarized light source, and the second light source assembly serves as a right-side polarized light source.

[0024] In this configuration, at the initial position on the equator of the hemisphere, the optical axis of the right polarizing source is perpendicular to the radial direction of the hemisphere, and the optical axis of the left polarizing source is perpendicular to the optical axis of the right polarizing source. Furthermore, the optical center m of the right polarizing source and the optical center n of the left polarizing source are located on the same latitude line within the same polarizing hemisphere and are radially symmetrically distributed. When the initial position of the optical axis of the right polarizing source makes an angle β with the z-axis, the optical axis of the left polarizing source is β+90° from its initial position.

[0025] As an optional implementation, the hemisphere where the optical center of the light source unit is located has the same radius as the hemisphere where the optical center of the camera unit is located, or the two radii are different, and they satisfy a nested relationship. For example, the hemisphere where the optical center of the light source unit is located is located inside the hemisphere where the optical center of the camera unit is located.

[0026] As an optional implementation, the multi-spectral polarization optical system is suitable for monocular, binocular, or multi-spectral optical scanning imaging systems. For example, the multi-spectral polarization optical system includes a main camera and at least one secondary camera. The polarization optical centers of the main camera are located at the north pole of the hemisphere, and the polarization optical centers of the secondary camera are arranged along the meridians or parallels of the hemisphere. The polarization state of the secondary camera is set to be the same as the left-handed or right-handed circular polarization state of the polarization state along the aforementioned meridians or parallels.

[0027] As an optional implementation, the multi-photon polarization optical system can be a multi-source multi-photon polarization optical system or a single-source moving station multi-photon polarization optical system.

[0028] The multi-photon polarization optical system of the present invention provides a multi-photon multi-camera polarization optical system based on the Bonga sphere polarization distribution principle, which can achieve hardware-level orthogonal combination of polarization light sources. Combined with the polarization design of the camera, when applied to a material scanner to continuously scan and capture images of material surfaces using multi-dimensional structured light fields, better specular filtering effect can be achieved through orthogonal logic.

[0029] It should be understood that all combinations of the foregoing concepts and the additional concepts described in more detail below may be considered part of the inventive subject matter of this disclosure, provided that such concepts do not contradict each other. Furthermore, all combinations of the claimed subject matter are considered part of the inventive subject matter of this disclosure.

[0030] The foregoing and other aspects, embodiments, and features of the teachings of the present invention will be more fully understood from the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Other additional aspects of the invention, such as features and / or beneficial effects of exemplary embodiments, will become apparent from the following description or may be learned through practice of specific embodiments according to the teachings of the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0031] The accompanying drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component shown in the various figures may be denoted by the same reference numeral. For clarity, not every component is labeled in each figure. Embodiments of various aspects of the invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of a multi-photon polarization optical system, an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the light source unit rotating by an angle ψ between adjacent workstations according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of an exemplary implementation of the light source unit of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 4A , 4B This is a schematic diagram of another exemplary implementation of the light source unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4A Main view, Figure 4B This is a top view.

[0036] Figure 5 yes Figure 4A , 4B This is a schematic diagram of another exemplary implementation of the light source unit of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a polarization optical system configured with a main camera and a secondary camera, an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The light source unit coincides with the hemisphere where the optical center of the camera is located. The main camera is set at the north pole vertex of the hemisphere, and the secondary camera is set along the meridian or parallel direction of the hemisphere.

[0038] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a polarization optical system in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention when the radii of the hemispheres containing the optical centers of multiple light sources are not the same. It includes a schematic diagram of two hemispheres containing the optical centers of the light sources. The two hemispheres have different radii and are nested together. A main camera and a secondary camera are configured therein. The main camera and the secondary camera are located on the same hemisphere. The main camera is set at the north pole of one hemisphere, and the secondary camera is set along the meridian or parallel direction of the same hemisphere. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0040] Various aspects of the invention are described in this disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate numerous illustrative embodiments. The embodiments of this disclosure are not necessarily intended to encompass all aspects of the invention. It should be understood that the various concepts and embodiments described above, as well as those described in more detail below, can be implemented in any of many ways, because the concepts and embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to any particular implementation. Furthermore, some aspects of the invention disclosed may be used alone or in any suitable combination with other aspects of the invention disclosed.

[0041] Combination Figure 1 The exemplary embodiment of the multi-polarization optical system shown includes a light source unit and a camera unit distributed according to a certain polarization logic.

[0042] Combination Figure 1As shown, the light source units are configured to be distributed on a hemisphere based on a Bonga sphere polarization distribution according to a preset first polarization logic. The first polarization logic includes the polarization states of the light source units at multiple positions on the equator of the hemisphere, the polarization states at corresponding positions on multiple parallels of latitude from the equator to the North Pole of the hemisphere, and the polarization states at corresponding positions on the same meridian of the hemisphere.

[0043] At least one camera unit is positioned at the North Pole of the hemisphere, with the lens of the camera unit facing the center of the hemisphere.

[0044] Figure 1 In the diagram, positions a and b represent the positions of the camera units. Position a represents the position of the main camera, and position b represents the position of the secondary camera.

[0045] like Figure 1 In the embodiment shown, eight workstations are used as an example. Positions 1-8 marked along the equator of the hemisphere represent the eight workstations of the light source unit on the equator.

[0046] Combination Figure 1 As shown, at the equator and at multiple preset latitudes, the light source unit has the same number of workstations. That is, on each latitude, the light source unit also has a corresponding number of workstations, such as 8 workstations corresponding to the equator.

[0047] In the embodiments of the present invention, the polarization of the light source unit at multiple positions on the equator of the hemisphere is linear polarization, and at least one camera unit is circularly polarized, which can be either left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized.

[0048] The optical axis of the camera unit is perpendicular to the optical axis of the light source unit in its initial position, so that the light-emitting surface of the light source unit observed from the camera unit is in its darkest state; the light source unit is located on the equator in its initial position, and its optical axis is parallel to the z-axis of the coordinate system.

[0049] Combination Figure 1 The polarization center coordinates of the light source unit are defined as (x, y, z), where x = rCosδCosψ, y = rCosδSinψ, and z = rSinδ. ψ is the rotation angle of the light source unit between two adjacent positions on the equator or the same latitude line; δ is the ellipticity of the light source unit's position on the equator or the same latitude line, representing the angle with the hemispherical section where the equator is located.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, the radius r of the hemisphere is expressed as: r = (x^2 + y^2 + z^2) 1 / 2 .

[0051] Set the initial position of the light source unit to Figure 1 At station 1, as shown, when the light source unit is at multiple station positions on the equator or the same latitude, the angle ψ of counterclockwise rotation from the current station is defined as the next station. Figure 2 As shown, the optical axis of the light source unit rotates counterclockwise by an angle ψ within its own coordinate system, while the polarization of the camera unit remains unchanged.

[0052] When the light source unit is in multiple workstation positions, regardless of whether multiple light sources are distributed and configured with corresponding polarization states according to the preset first polarization logic, or a single light source moves to the corresponding workstation position on the hemisphere according to the preset trajectory and is configured with the corresponding polarization state, we keep the polarization of the camera unit unchanged.

[0053] In some embodiments, when the light source unit is located at a corresponding position on one of the latitude lines from the equator to the North Pole of the hemisphere, it has an initial position corresponding to the initial position on the equator. The initial position of its optical axis makes an angle α with the z-axis. The optical axis of the light source unit rotates by an angle ψ in its own coordinate system to form an angle α+ψ with the initial position.

[0054] like Figure 1 In the example shown, when the light source unit is located on the equator of the hemisphere, the polarization state at each station is linearly polarized, and the optical axis direction of the light source units at the same meridian arrangement positions is consistent.

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown in the example, when the light source unit is located on any of the latitudes from the equator to the North Pole of the hemisphere, the polarization state at each station is circular polarization.

[0056] like Figure 1 In the example shown, for multiple different work positions on the same latitude, the light source unit is configured with a polarization state with the same ellipticity, and the direction of the major axis of the elliptic polarization state is consistent with the direction of the optical axis of the light source unit at the corresponding equator on the same longitude. When the work position rotates by an angle ψ, the major axis of the elliptic polarization rotates counterclockwise by an angle ψ in the coordinate system of the light source unit itself, and the polarization of the camera unit remains unchanged.

[0057] like Figure 1 In the example shown, for multiple light source units at different work positions on the same meridian, each work position on the meridian of the hemisphere is configured with an elliptic polarization state with the same tilt angle, but with different ellipticity.

[0058] like Figure 3 The exemplary embodiment shown illustrates an exemplary implementation of a light source unit, which includes a motor 11, a motor-side gear 12, a light source-side gear 13, a light source 14, and a polarizer 15.

[0059] Combination Figure 3The polarizer 15 is positioned in front of the direction of the emitted beam from the light source 14.

[0060] The motor 11 can be a DC drive motor, whose output shaft is coaxially connected to the motor-side gear 12, and the motor-side gear 12 is configured to mesh with the light source-side gear 13; the light source-side gear 13 is arranged around the light source 14.

[0061] The polarizer 15 is mounted on a circular bracket 16, which is connected to the light source side gear 13 along its edge and can rotate synchronously with the light source side gear 13. Thus, by controlling the rotation of the motor 11, the motor side gear 12 is driven to rotate, thereby linking the rotation of the light source side gear 13 and synchronously driving the rotation of the polarizer 15 to achieve orthogonal polarization change.

[0062] Response understanding, in Figure 3 In the example shown, the light source side gear 13, the light source 14, the circular polarizer 15, and the circular bracket 16 are all distributed and designed with a common central axis.

[0063] like Figure 3 As shown, in order to improve the stability of the light source's illuminance, a heat sink 18 is also provided at its rear position for dissipating heat from the light source. The heat sink 18 can adopt existing active and / or passive heat dissipation structure designs.

[0064] As an optional embodiment, the light source includes one of a semiconductor light-emitting chip array, a xenon lamp, or a halogen lamp, and its spectral coverage includes visible light, UV, NIR, and SWIR.

[0065] Preferably, the light source is a semiconductor light-emitting chip array (LED chip array, COB) with secondary optical lenses.

[0066] Combination Figure 1 , 3 As shown, orthogonal polarization of the light source can be achieved by designing a hardware-level polarization light source rotation scheme. Therefore, the light source units are configured at the same station to satisfy either the diffuse reflection group or the specular group polarization configuration.

[0067] The polarization configuration of the diffuse reflection group satisfies the following: the polarization state is set according to the first polarization logic;

[0068] The polarization configuration of the high-light group satisfies the following: the polarization state at each station is set to be orthogonally distributed with the corresponding diffuse reflection group.

[0069] Combination Figure 4A , 4B as well as Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, the light source unit is configured to include a first light source assembly and a second light source assembly, wherein the first light source assembly serves as a left-side polarized light source and the second light source assembly serves as a right-side polarized light source.

[0070] As an optional example, both the first light source component and the second light source component may include, for example: Figure 2 The design of the motor, motor-side gear, light source-side gear, light source, and polarizer is shown.

[0071] For ease of explanation, we... Figure 4A , 4B The image only schematically illustrates the light sources on the left and right sides, along with the corresponding polarizer designs.

[0072] Combination Figure 4A , 4B As shown, at the initial position of the equator of the hemisphere, the optical axis of the right polarizing source is perpendicular to the radial direction of the hemisphere, and the optical axis of the left polarizing source is perpendicular to the optical axis of the right polarizing source. Furthermore, the optical center m of the right polarizing source and the optical center n of the left polarizing source are located on the same latitude line of the same polarizing hemisphere and are radially symmetrically distributed.

[0073] Combination Figure 5 As shown, when the initial position of the optical axis of the right polarizing source makes an angle β with the z-axis, the optical axis of the left polarizing source is β+90° with the initial position.

[0074] In some embodiments, the multi-photon polarization optical system proposed in this invention is applicable to monocular, binocular, or multi-optical scanning imaging systems.

[0075] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the hemisphere containing the optical center of the light source unit has the same radius as the hemisphere containing the optical center of the camera unit.

[0076] exist Figure 6 In the example shown, the multi-photon polarization optical system includes a main camera and at least one secondary camera. The optical centers of the main camera's polarization are located at the north apex of the hemisphere, such as... Figure 6 Position a is shown in the diagram. The polarization optical center of the secondary camera is configured along the meridian or parallel direction of the hemisphere, as shown in the diagram. Figure 6 Position b is shown in the diagram. The polarization state of the secondary camera is set to be the same as the left-handed or right-handed circular polarization state corresponding to the position on each of the aforementioned meridians or parallels.

[0077] In some other embodiments of the polarization logic design, Figure 6Based on the above, the radii of the hemisphere containing the optical center of the light source unit and the hemisphere containing the optical center of the camera unit can be designed to be different. That is, the hemisphere containing the optical center of the light source unit is designated as the first hemisphere, and the hemisphere containing the optical center of the camera unit is designated as the second hemisphere, with different radii. In particular, the two hemispheres are nested together, meaning their centers coincide. For example, the hemisphere containing the optical center of the light source unit can be located inside the hemisphere containing the optical center of the camera unit.

[0078] In other embodiments of polarization logic design, such as Figure 7 The example polarization optical system design shown has multiple light sources whose optical centers are located on hemispheres with different radii, for example... Figure 7 The polarization optical system includes a schematic diagram of two hemispheres where the optical center of the light source is located. The two hemispheres have different radii and are nested together. A main camera and a secondary camera are configured in the system. The main camera and the secondary camera are located on the same hemisphere. The main camera is set at the north pole of one hemisphere, and the secondary camera is set along the meridian or parallel of the same hemisphere.

[0079] Therefore, the optical polarization system design proposed in this invention can also support the use of different radii for the hemispheres containing the optical centers of the polarization light sources, while satisfying a nested relationship, such as... Figure 7 The optical polarization system design shown supports a combination of nested, multi-layered spherical polarization light sources and polarization cameras.

[0080] Combination Figure 1 As shown in the example, the multi-photon polarization optical system proposed in this invention can be either a multi-source multi-photon polarization optical system or a single-source moving station multi-photon polarization optical system.

[0081] For example, a multi-photon polarization optical system is a multi-source multi-photon polarization optical system. At each station on the equator and at each preset latitude position, light source units with corresponding polarization states are distributed according to the first polarization logic.

[0082] For example, a multi-photon polarization optical system is a multi-photon polarization optical system with a single light source moving station. A light source unit is set up, and the light source unit is driven to move on a hemisphere according to a preset trajectory to various stations on the equator and preset latitude lines. At each station, the polarization state of the light source unit is configured according to the aforementioned first polarization logic.

[0083] While the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the claims.

Claims

1. A multi-photon polarization optical system, characterized in that, include: A light source unit is configured to be distributed on a hemisphere based on a Bonga sphere polarization distribution according to a preset first polarization logic; the first polarization logic includes the polarization state of the light source unit at multiple positions on the equator of the hemisphere, the polarization state at corresponding positions on multiple parallels from the equator of the hemisphere to the North Pole, and the polarization state at corresponding positions on the same meridian of the hemisphere. At least one camera unit is positioned at the north pole of the hemisphere, with the lens of the camera unit facing the center of the hemisphere. Wherein, at the equator and at the multiple parallels of latitude, the light source unit has the same number of workstations, the polarization of the light source unit at the multiple positions on the equator of the hemisphere is linear polarization, and the at least one camera unit is circular polarization. Furthermore, the optical axis of the camera unit is perpendicular to the optical axis of the light source unit in its initial position, so that the light-emitting surface of the light source unit observed from the camera unit is in its darkest state; the light source unit is located on the equator in its initial position, and its optical axis is parallel to the z-axis of the coordinate system. The polarization of the camera unit remains unchanged when the light source unit is in multiple workstation positions; The light source units are configured at the same workstation to satisfy either the diffuse reflection group or the specular group polarization configuration: The polarization configuration of the diffuse reflection group satisfies the following: the polarization state is set according to the first polarization logic; The polarization configuration of the high-light group satisfies the following condition: the polarization state at each station is set to be orthogonally distributed with the corresponding diffuse reflection group.

2. The multi-photon polarization optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The polarization center coordinates of the light source unit are defined as (x, y, z), x = rCosδCosψ, y = rCosδSinψ, z = rSinδ, where ψ is the rotation angle of the light source unit between two adjacent positions on the equator or the same latitude line; δ is the ellipticity of the light source unit on the equator or the same latitude line, representing the angle with the hemisphere section where the equator is located. When the light source unit is at multiple work positions on the equator or the same latitude, the next work position is defined by rotating counterclockwise by an angle ψ from the current work position. The optical axis of the light source unit rotates counterclockwise by an angle ψ within its own coordinate system, while the polarization of the camera unit remains unchanged.

3. The multi-photon polarization optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the light source unit is located at a corresponding position on one of the latitude lines from the equator to the North Pole of the hemisphere, it has an initial position corresponding to the initial position on the equator. The initial position of its optical axis makes an angle α with the z-axis. The optical axis of the light source unit rotates by an angle ψ in its own coordinate system to form an angle α+ψ with the initial position.

4. The multi-photon polarization optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the light source unit is located on the equator of the hemisphere, the polarization state at each station is linearly polarized, and the optical axis direction of the light source units at the same meridian arrangement positions is consistent.

5. The multi-photon polarization optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the light source unit is located on any latitude line from the equator to the North Pole of the hemisphere, the polarization state at each workstation is circular polarization.

6. The multi-photon polarization optical system according to claim 5, characterized in that, For multiple different work positions on the same latitude, the light source unit is configured with a polarization state with the same ellipticity, and the major axis direction of the elliptic polarization state is consistent with the optical axis direction of the light source unit at the corresponding equator on the same longitude. When the work position rotates by an angle ψ, the major axis of the elliptic polarization rotates counterclockwise by an angle ψ in the coordinate system of the light source unit itself, and the polarization of the camera unit remains unchanged.

7. The multi-photon polarization optical system according to claim 6, characterized in that, For multiple light source units at different work positions on the same meridian, each work position on the meridian of the hemisphere is configured with an elliptic polarization state with the same tilt angle, but with different ellipticity.

8. The multi-photon polarization optical system according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The light source unit is configured to include a motor, a motor-side gear, a light source-side gear, a light source, and a polarizer; The polarizer is positioned in front of the direction of the light beam emitted from the light source; The output shaft of the motor is coaxially connected to the motor-side gear, which is configured to mesh with the light source-side gear; the light source-side gear is arranged around the light source. The polarizer is mounted on a circular bracket, which is connected to the light source side gear along its edge and can rotate synchronously with the light source side gear. By controlling the rotation of the motor, the motor side gear is driven to rotate, thereby linking the rotation of the light source side gear and synchronously driving the rotation of the polarizer to achieve orthogonal polarization change.

9. The multi-photon polarization optical system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The light source includes one of a semiconductor light-emitting chip array, a xenon lamp, or a halogen lamp, and its spectral coverage includes visible light, UV, NIR, and SWIR.

10. The multi-photon polarization optical system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The light source unit also includes a heat sink for dissipating heat from the light source, which is located at the tail end of the light source.

11. The multi-photon polarization optical system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The light source unit is configured to include a first light source assembly and a second light source assembly, both of which include a motor, a motor-side gear, a light source-side gear, a light source, and a polarizer; the first light source assembly serves as a left-side polarized light source, and the second light source assembly serves as a right-side polarized light source. At the initial position of the equator on the hemisphere, the optical axis of the right polarizing source is perpendicular to the radial direction of the hemisphere, and the optical axis of the left polarizing source is perpendicular to the optical axis of the right polarizing source. Furthermore, the optical center m of the right polarizing source and the optical center n of the left polarizing source are located on the same latitude line of the same polarizing hemisphere and are radially symmetrically distributed.

12. The multi-photon polarization optical system according to claim 11, characterized in that, When the initial position of the optical axis of the right polarizing light source makes an angle β with the z-axis, the optical axis of the left polarizing light source is β+90° with the initial position.

13. The multi-photon polarization optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hemisphere containing the optical center of the light source unit has the same radius as the hemisphere containing the optical center of the camera unit.

14. The multi-photon polarization optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hemisphere containing the optical center of the light source unit has a different radius than the hemisphere containing the optical center of the camera unit. They are nested together, meaning that the centers of the two hemispheres coincide, and the hemisphere containing the optical center of the light source unit is located inside the hemisphere containing the optical center of the camera unit.

15. The multi-photon polarization optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-photon polarization optical system is suitable for monocular, binocular, or multi-photon optical scanning imaging systems.

16. The multi-photon polarization optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-photon polarization optical system includes a main camera and at least one secondary camera. The polarization optical center of the main camera is located at the north apex of the hemisphere. The polarization optical center of the secondary camera is configured along the meridian or parallel of the hemisphere. The polarization state of the secondary camera is set to be the same as the left-handed or right-handed circular polarization state of the polarization state along the meridian or parallel.

17. The multi-photon polarization optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-photon polarization optical system is a multi-source multi-photon polarization optical system. At each workstation on the equator and at each preset latitude position, light source units with corresponding polarization states are distributed according to the first polarization logic.

18. The multi-photon polarization optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-photon polarization optical system is a single-source moving station multi-photon polarization optical system. It is equipped with a source unit, which is driven to move on a hemisphere along a preset trajectory to various stations on the equator and preset latitude lines. At each station, the polarization state of the source unit is configured according to the aforementioned first polarization logic.

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