DC / DC conversion device and extended DC / DC conversion device

Abstract

The application provides a DC / DC conversion device and an extended DC / DC conversion device, which can be applied to the technical field of power electronics. In the technical scheme of the application, a switching capacitor unit is combined with an SCB circuit in a multiplexing mode of switching tubes, and the switching tubes in the device are controlled to be turned on or turned off, so that a required transformation ratio in a target application scenario is obtained. Through the above setting, the number of switching tubes can be reduced, the difficulty of driving design is reduced, and the efficiency and power density of the power conversion device are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power electronics technology, and in particular to a DC / DC converter and an extended DC / DC converter. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of information and communication technologies, chip computing power is increasing, but this comes at the cost of increased current demand at the output load. Given a fixed bus voltage, a direct current to direct current (DC / DC) converter is needed to reduce the bus voltage to the load voltage and achieve high current output.

[0003] Currently, commonly used DC / DC buck converters achieve the requirements of voltage reduction and high current output by combining switched capacitors with series capacitor buck (SCB) converter circuits.

[0004] However, this method requires the use of a large number of switching elements, which increases the size and power loss of the DC / DC converter, reduces efficiency and power density, and increases the driving complexity of the DC / DC converter. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a DC / DC converter and an extended DC / DC converter, which aims to reduce the size and switching losses of the DC / DC converter, improve the conversion efficiency and power density, and reduce the difficulty of drive design.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a DC / DC conversion device, comprising: a first circuit, a first SCB circuit, a second SCB circuit, and a controller.

[0007] The first circuit includes a first switching transistor, a second switching transistor, and a first capacitor.

[0008] The first terminal of the first switching transistor is used to connect to a DC power supply. The second terminal of the first switching transistor is connected to the input terminal of the first SCB circuit through the first capacitor. The midpoint between the first capacitor and the first SCB circuit is connected to the first terminal of the second switching transistor. The second terminal of the second switching transistor is connected to ground. The midpoint between the first switching transistor and the first capacitor is connected to the input terminal of the second SCB circuit. The output terminal of the first SCB circuit is connected to the output terminal of the second SCB circuit and then used as the output terminal of the DC / DC converter to connect to the load.

[0009] The controller is used to control the turn-off and connection of the first switch, the second switch, the switch in the first SCB circuit, and the switch in the second SCB circuit, thereby stepping down the output voltage of the DC power supply and outputting it to the load.

[0010] Compared to existing power conversion devices that include switched capacitor units and SCB circuits, this device reduces the number of switching transistors required in the first circuit, lowers the difficulty of drive design, reduces the size and power loss of the power conversion device, and further improves the efficiency and power density of the power conversion device.

[0011] In some implementations, the first SCB circuit and the second SCB circuit have the same structure, both including: a third switch, a second capacitor, a fourth switch, a first inductor, a fifth switch, a sixth switch, and a second inductor.

[0012] In the first SCB circuit, the first terminal of the third switch is connected to the output terminal of the SCB circuit in sequence through the second capacitor and the first inductor, and the second terminal of the third switch serves as the input terminal of the SCB circuit.

[0013] In the second SCB circuit, the second terminal of the third switch is connected to the output terminal of the first SCB circuit in sequence through the second capacitor and the first inductor, and the first terminal of the third switch serves as the input terminal of the second SCB circuit.

[0014] In either the first SCB circuit or the second SCB circuit, the midpoint between the third switch and the second capacitor is connected to the first terminal of the fourth switch, and the second terminal of the fourth switch is connected to the output terminal of its respective SCB circuit through the second inductor; the first terminal of the fifth switch is connected to the midpoint between the second capacitor and the first inductor, and the second terminal of the fifth switch is connected to ground; the first terminal of the sixth switch is connected to the midpoint between the fourth switch and the second inductor, and the second terminal of the sixth switch is connected to ground.

[0015] In other words, in this implementation, the device includes two SCB circuits of the same type (i.e., a first SCB circuit and a second SCB circuit).

[0016] The first SCB circuit and the second SCB circuit in the device have the same structure except that the connection method of the third switch is reversed. This can increase the maximum duty cycle of the device, and the voltage that the switch is subjected to is half that of the traditional buck topology, which reduces the voltage stress of the switch freewheeling current and the inductor volt-second value. The automatic current sharing of the inductor and the automatic voltage sharing of the switched capacitor can be achieved through the characteristic of capacitor charge balance.

[0017] In some implementations, the controller is used to control the turn-off and connection of the first switch, the second switch, and the switches in the first SCB circuit and the second SCB circuit, including:

[0018] The first and second switches are not turned on simultaneously, wherein the second switch is turned off when the first switch is turned on, and the first switch is turned off when the second switch is turned on; the third and fifth switches are not turned on simultaneously, wherein the fifth switch is turned off when the third switch is turned on, and the third switch is turned off when the fifth switch is turned on; the fourth and sixth switches are not turned on simultaneously, wherein the sixth switch is turned off when the fourth switch is turned on, and the fourth switch is turned off when the sixth switch is turned on.

[0019] In the controller, each switch and its corresponding switch are not simultaneously turned on to ensure that the circuit works properly.

[0020] Optionally, the controller controls the turn-off and connection of the first switch, the second switch, and the switches in the first SCB circuit and the second SCB circuit, including:

[0021] Controlling the first and second switching transistors to operate in sub-state φ 3A Sub-state φ 3B or sub-state φ 3F The first SCB circuit operates in sub-state φ 1A Sub-state φ 1B or sub-state φ 1F And the second SCB circuit operates in sub-state φ 2A Sub-state φ 2B or sub-state φ 2F ;

[0022] Substate φ 3A Including the first switch being turned on, sub-state φ 3B Including the second switch being turned on, sub-state φ 3F This includes turning off the first and second switching transistors;

[0023] Substate φ 1A Including the conduction of the third and sixth switches in the first SCB circuit, sub-state φ 1B Including the conduction of the fourth and fifth switches in the first SCB circuit, sub-state φ 1F This includes the fifth and sixth switching transistors in the first SCB circuit being turned on;

[0024] Substate φ 2A Including the conduction of the third and sixth switches in the second SCB circuit, sub-state φ 2B Including the conduction of the fourth and fifth switches in the second SCB circuit, sub-state φ 2F This includes the fifth and sixth switches in the second SCB circuit being turned on.

[0025] In other words, the operating states of the switching transistors in the control device can be freely arranged and combined in a sub-state manner to obtain the operating mode required by the device.

[0026] In some implementations, the first and second switching transistors are controlled to operate in sub-state φ. 3A Sub-state φ 3B or sub-state φ 3F The first SCB circuit operates in sub-state φ 1A Sub-state φ 1B or sub-state φ 1F And the second SCB circuit operates in sub-state φ 2A Sub-state φ 2B or sub-state φ 2F ,include:

[0027] The control device operates in M ​​out of eight operating states, where M is a positive integer less than or equal to 8.

[0028] Of the eight working states, the first state includes substate φ. 3A Sub-state φ 1A sub-state φ 2B The second state includes sub-state φ. 3A Sub-state φ 1A sub-state φ 2F The third state includes the substate φ. 3B Sub-state φ 2A sub-state φ 1B The fourth state includes substate φ. 3B Sub-state φ 2A and sub-state φ 1F The fifth state includes substate φ. 3F Sub-state φ 1F sub-state φ 2F The sixth state includes substate φ. 3F Sub-state φ 1B and sub-state φ 2B The seventh state includes substate φ. 3F Sub-state φ 1B sub-state φ 2F The eighth state includes substate φ. 3F Sub-state φ 1F sub-state φ 2B .

[0029] By controlling the device to operate in one or more of the above states, the ratio of the DC voltage output by the device to the DC voltage input to the device can be set to the target transformation ratio.

[0030] Optionally, the M working states include the second state, the fourth state, the fifth state, the seventh state, and the eighth state.

[0031] Under the above operating conditions, the capacitors in the first SCB circuit and the second SCB circuit alternately charge and discharge, which can provide a more stable voltage output to the load.

[0032] Optionally, the controller is specifically configured to: control the device to operate in the sequence of the second state, the fifth state, the fourth state, the fifth state, the seventh state, the fifth state, the eighth state, and the fifth state.

[0033] By controlling the device to operate in the above sequence, completely staggered wave generation can be achieved, ensuring minimal ripple in the inductor current output.

[0034] In some implementations, the sub-state φ 3A Sub-state φ 3B Sub-state φ 1A Sub-state φ 1B Sub-state φ 2A sub-state φ 2B The ratio of the duration of each sub-state to the control cycle of the device is equal to D, where the ratio of the output voltage at the device's output terminal to the output voltage of the DC power supply is...

[0035] In this implementation, the value of D allows for charge balance in the capacitors and volt-second balance in the inductors within the device, thereby enabling automatic current sharing in the inductors and automatic voltage sharing in the switched capacitors. These self-balancing characteristics reduce the difficulty of device control and make the device insensitive to parameter mismatches in its electronic components, thus allowing it to achieve self-balancing even when capacitor and inductance values ​​are mismatched.

[0036] In some implementations, the first and second inductors in each SCB are coupled inductors, and the ports connecting the first and second inductors are different-named terminals.

[0037] When the inductor in the SCB circuit is a coupled inductor, the current ripple amplitude is reduced through magnetic coupling of the inductor unit, which reduces the voltage stress of the freewheeling diode in the switching unit, reduces the switching unit loss, and improves the efficiency of the DC to DC converter.

[0038] In some implementations, the first SCB circuit and the second SCB circuit have the same structure. Each of the first SCB circuit and the second SCB circuit includes: a third switch, m first sub-circuits and one second sub-circuit, where m is an integer greater than 1.

[0039] The first sub-circuit includes a second capacitor, a first inductor, a fourth switch, and a fifth switch. The first terminal of the fourth switch is connected to the output terminal of its respective SCB circuit through the second capacitor and the first inductor in sequence. The first terminal of the fifth switch is connected to the midpoint between the second capacitor and the first inductor. The second terminal of the fifth switch is connected to ground.

[0040] The second sub-circuit includes a sixth switch and a second inductor. The first terminal of the sixth switch is connected to the second inductor, and the second terminal of the sixth switch is connected to ground.

[0041] In the first SCB circuit, the midpoint between the second capacitor and the fourth switch of the first sub-circuit is connected to the first port of the third switch.

[0042] In the second SCB circuit, the midpoint between the second capacitor and the fourth switch of the first sub-circuit is connected to the second terminal of the third switch, and the first port of the third switch is used as the input terminal of the first SCB circuit.

[0043] In each SCB circuit of the first and second SCB circuits, the midpoint between the second capacitor and the fourth switch of the i-th first sub-circuit is connected to the second terminal of the fourth switch of the (i-1)-th first sub-circuit, where i is an integer ranging from 2 to m; the midpoint between the sixth switch and the second inductor is connected to the second terminal of the fourth switch of the m-th first sub-circuit; and the second port of the third switch is used as the input terminal of its respective SCB circuit.

[0044] In other words, the first and second SCB circuits in this device are high-order SCB circuits, which allows the power conversion device to obtain a larger current output.

[0045] In some implementations, the first circuit, the third switch in the first SCB circuit, and the third switch in the second SCB circuit form a switched capacitor unit. The third switch in the first SCB circuit and the third switch in the second SCB circuit are respectively the first output terminal and the second output terminal of the capacitor switching unit. The ratio of the output voltage of the first output terminal and the second output terminal to the output voltage of the DC power supply is 2:1.

[0046] In other words, the first circuit reuses the third switch in the first SCB circuit and the third switch in the second SCB circuit to form a switched capacitor unit, which reduces the number of required switches, lowers the difficulty of drive design, and steps down the input DC power supply.

[0047] In some implementations, any switching transistor in the device can be a MOSFET, a thyristor, or an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT).

[0048] When any switch is a field-effect MOSFET, the first terminal of the switch is the drain of the MOSFET, and the second terminal of the switch is the source of the MOSFET.

[0049] When any switching transistor is a thyristor, the first terminal of the switching transistor is the cathode of the thyristor, and the second terminal of the switching transistor is the anode of the thyristor.

[0050] When any switching transistor is an IGBT, the first terminal of the switching transistor is the collector of the IGBT, and the second terminal of the switching transistor is the emitter of the IGBT.

[0051] Connecting the switching transistor in SCB210 in reverse to the second terminal of the first capacitor can prevent the capacitor in the switching capacitor or the capacitor in SCB from discharging through the diode in the switching transistor when the switching transistor is turned off.

[0052] Secondly, this application provides an extended DC / DC conversion device, which includes a first DC / DC conversion device, a second DC / DC conversion device, a controller, and a first circuit. The first circuit includes a capacitor and two switching transistors. The first DC / DC conversion device and the second DC / DC conversion device are respectively DC / DC conversion devices in the first aspect or any of the implementations thereof.

[0053] The first terminal of the first switching transistor is used to connect to the DC power supply. The first switching transistor is connected to the input terminal of the first DC / DC converter through a capacitor. The second switching transistor is connected between the capacitor, the midpoint of the first DC / DC converter, and ground. The midpoint of the first switching transistor and the capacitor is connected to the input terminal of the second DC / DC converter. The output ports of the first and second DC / DC converters are connected together to connect the load.

[0054] The controller is used to control the switching on and off of two switching transistors, the switching transistor in the first DC / DC converter and the switching transistor in the second DC / DC converter, and to step down the voltage input to the first switching transistor and output it to the load.

[0055] In this device, the DC / DC converter is extended in a structured nested manner, which can provide a DC / DC converter with a larger transformation ratio to meet the needs of scenarios with higher voltage transformation ratios.

[0056] Thirdly, this application provides a power supply system, including one or more of the following: a point-of-load power supply (PoL), a voltage regulation module (VRM), a pre-conversion circuit, a voltage divider (VDM), a first conversion device, and an integrated voltage regulation module (IVR); and a first conversion device, wherein one or more devices are connected in series with the first conversion device, and the first conversion device is a DC / DC conversion device in any implementation of the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0057] This power supply system can provide power to large-board power supply architectures such as data centers, computing scenarios, and wireless scenarios according to actual needs. Attached Figure Description

[0058] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0059] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a DC-to-DC converter.

[0060] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a DC / DC converter provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0061] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a DC / DC converter provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0062] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a DC / DC converter provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0063] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a DC / DC converter provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0064] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a DC / DC converter provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0065] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a DC / DC converter provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0066] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a DC / DC converter provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0067] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a DC / DC converter provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0068] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a DC / DC converter provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0069] Figure 11This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a DC / DC converter provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0070] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cascaded DC / DC converter provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0071] Figure 13A A schematic diagram of the equivalent circuit for the control state provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0072] Figure 13B A schematic diagram of the equivalent circuit of the operating state of a DC / DC converter provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0073] Figure 13C A schematic diagram of the equivalent circuit of the operating state of a DC / DC converter provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0074] Figure 13D A schematic diagram of the equivalent circuit of the operating state of a DC / DC converter provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0075] Figure 13E A schematic diagram of the equivalent circuit of the operating state of a DC / DC converter provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0076] Figure 14A This is a schematic diagram of the waveform generation logic of a DC / DC converter provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0077] Figure 14B A schematic diagram of important waveforms of a DC / DC converter provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0078] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of a DC / DC device provided in an embodiment of this application applied to a power supply system.

[0079] The accompanying drawings illustrate specific embodiments of this application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of this application to those skilled in the art through reference to particular embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0080] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0081] In power supply scenarios such as data centers and cloud computing, in order to meet the low voltage and high current requirements of the load, DC-DC converters are needed to reduce the bus voltage to the load voltage and output high current.

[0082] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a DC / DC buck converter according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the conversion device contains a two-stage topology. The first stage is a single-phase 2:1 switched capacitor unit, which reduces the input voltage to half and uses the output voltage as the intermediate bus voltage. The intermediate bus is then connected to the second stage, which is a parallel connection of two-phase SCBs.

[0083] In this converter's topology, switched capacitors are used to achieve voltage reduction. Simultaneously, the output employs a multi-phase parallel SCB configuration, which is beneficial for high-current output. However, this method requires a large number of switching elements, increasing the size and power loss of the DC / DC buck converter, reducing efficiency and power density, and increasing the drive complexity of the DC / DC buck converter.

[0084] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a DC / DC converter, which aims to reduce the size and switching losses of the DC / DC converter, and improve conversion efficiency and power density.

[0085] The technical concept of this application is to multiplex the switches in the SCB and the switches in the switched capacitor unit, and drive the switches in the DC / DC converter to turn on or off through a corresponding control method. This allows the target voltage ratio and current output to be achieved with fewer switches, thereby improving the efficiency and power density of the DC / DC converter.

[0086] Based on this, this application further proposes a technical solution to further expand the DC / DC conversion device in order to meet application scenarios with higher voltage ratios and larger current outputs.

[0087] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a DC / DC conversion device provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0088] like Figure 2 As shown, the DC / DC converter 200 includes an SCB circuit 210, an SCB circuit 220, and a first circuit 230.

[0089] The first circuit 230 includes a switch S1, a switch S2, and a capacitor C1.

[0090] The first circuit 230 is used to: step down the DC power received by S1 from the DC power supply, and output the stepped-down DC power through the two ports of capacitor C1 in a time-division manner.

[0091] SCB circuit 210 and SCB circuit 220 can be used to step down the input DC power and output the stepped-down DC power, respectively. The DC power input to SCB circuit 210 and the DC power input to SCB circuit 220 are typically two DC power outputs from the first circuit 230, respectively.

[0092] SCB circuit 210 and SCB circuit 220 may each include a capacitor, a capacitor, and a switching transistor.

[0093] Generally speaking, the voltage of the DC output from SCB circuit 210 is the same as the voltage of the DC output from SCB circuit 220.

[0094] Optionally, the structures of SCB circuit 210 and SCB circuit 220 can be the same.

[0095] Depend on Figure 2 The structure of the device and Figure 1 As shown in the structural diagram of the device, the DC / DC converter 200 can reduce the number of switching units required by the switching capacitor unit, reduce the difficulty of drive design, reduce the size and power loss of the device, and further improve the efficiency and power density of the power conversion device.

[0096] As an example, the transformation ratio of the first circuit 230 is 2:1, that is, the ratio of the DC voltage output by the first circuit 230 to the DC voltage input is 2:1.

[0097] Optionally, such as Figure 3 As shown, the DC / DC converter 200 may also include a controller 240. This controller 240 is connected to the switched capacitor unit 230, the SCB circuit 210, and the SCB circuit 220, respectively. Specifically, the controller 240 is connected to the switches in the first circuit 230, the SCB circuit 210, and the SCB circuit 220 to control the on and off states of these units, thereby enabling the power converter 200 to provide the target transformation ratio.

[0098] The target transformation ratio of the DC / DC converter 200 refers to the ratio of the DC voltage output by the DC / DC converter 200 to the DC voltage input to the DC / DC converter 200. For example, the target transformation ratio of the DC / DC converter 200 is the ratio of the DC voltage output by the SCB circuit to the DC voltage input by the switch S1.

[0099] As an example, SCB circuit 210 and SCB circuit 220 can be two-phase SCB circuits.

[0100] Figure 4This is a schematic structural diagram of a DC / DC converter 200 according to an embodiment of this application, wherein SCB 210 and SCB 220 are two-phase SCBs.

[0101] like Figure 4 As shown, SCB circuit 210 and SCB circuit 220 respectively include switch S3, capacitor C2, switch S4, switch S5, switch S6, inductor L1 and inductor L2.

[0102] In each SCB circuit, the second terminal of switch S3 can be used as the input terminal of the SCB circuit for inputting DC power. The first terminal of switch S3 is connected to the input terminal of the SCB circuit in sequence through capacitor C2 and inductor L1. The midpoint between switch S3 and capacitor C2 is connected to the first terminal of switch S4. The second terminal of switch S4 is connected to the output terminal of the SCB circuit through inductor L2. The first terminal of switch S5 is connected to the midpoint between capacitor C2 and inductor L1. The second terminal of switch S5 is connected to ground. The first terminal of switch S6 is connected to the midpoint between switch S4 and inductor L2. The second terminal of the sixth switch is connected to ground.

[0103] One output port of the first circuit 230 is connected to the input port of the SCB circuit 210, and the other output port of the first circuit 230 is connected to the input port of the SCB circuit 220.

[0104] From another perspective, the second terminal of switch S1, the first terminal of capacitor C1, and the second terminal of S3 in SCB circuit 220 are connected, and the second terminal of capacitor C1, the first terminal of switch S2, and the second terminal of switch S3 in SCB circuit 210 are connected.

[0105] In this embodiment, after DC power is input to the first terminal of the switching transistor S1, the controller of the first circuit 230 can control the on and off of S1 and S2 and the on duty cycle to achieve a ratio of 2:1 between the DC voltage output from the first and second terminals of capacitor C1 and the DC voltage input to the first terminal of the switching transistor S1.

[0106] After the DC current output from the first terminal of capacitor C1 is input into the SCB circuit 220 through the second terminal of switch S3, the controller of the SCB circuit 220 controls the on and off of switches S3, S4, S5 and S6 and their duty cycle to achieve a DC current output from the second terminals of inductors L1 and L2 in the SCB circuit 220 with a voltage ratio of 2:1 to the DC current input from the first terminal of switch S3.

[0107] After the DC current output from the second terminal of capacitor C1 is input into the SCB circuit 210 through the second terminal of switch S3, the controller of the SCB circuit 210 controls the on and off of switches S3, S4, S5 and S6 and their duty cycle to achieve a DC current output from the second terminals of inductors L1 and L2 in the SCB circuit 210 with a voltage ratio of 2:1 to the DC current input from the first terminal of switch S3.

[0108] In this embodiment, the duty cycle is expanded by using two-phase SCB, and the voltage that the switch withstands is half that of the traditional buck topology. This reduces the voltage stress on the freewheeling current of the switching transistor and the volt-second value of the inductor. The automatic current sharing of the inductor and the automatic voltage sharing of the switching capacitor unit are achieved through the characteristic of capacitor charge balance.

[0109] As an example, SCB circuits 210 and 220 can be SCB circuits that include coupled inductors. Alternatively, inductors L1 and L2 in SCB circuits 210 and 220 are coupled inductors, and inductors L1 and L2 are connected to opposite terminals.

[0110] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of a DC / DC converter 200 according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 In the diagram, the black dots marked on the sides of inductors L1 and L2 indicate terminals with the same name.

[0111] The structures of SCB circuit 210 and SCB circuit 220 can be referred to respectively. Figure 2 The difference between the structures of SCB circuit 210 and SCB circuit 220 is that inductors L1 and L2 are coupled inductors, and inductors L1 and L2 are connected to opposite terminals.

[0112] As an example, SCB circuit 210 and SCB circuit 220 can be high-order SCB circuits.

[0113] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of a DC / DC converter 200 according to an embodiment of this application, wherein the SCB circuit 210 and SCB circuit 220 are high-order SCB circuits.

[0114] Both SCB circuit 210 and SCB circuit 220 include: a switching transistor S3, m first sub-circuits and one second sub-circuit, where m is an integer greater than 1.

[0115] like Figure 6As shown, the first sub-circuit includes capacitor C2, inductor L1, switch S4 and switch S5. The first terminal of switch S4 is connected to the output terminal of its respective SCB circuit through capacitor C2 and inductor L1 in sequence. The first terminal of switch S5 is connected to the midpoint between capacitor C2 and inductor L1. The second terminal of switch S5 is connected to ground.

[0116] The second sub-circuit includes a switch S6 and an inductor L2. The first end of the switch S6 is connected to the inductor L2, and the second end of the switch S6 is connected to ground.

[0117] The topmost sub-circuit is called the first sub-circuit, and so on, with the bottommost sub-circuit called the m-th sub-circuit. The midpoint between capacitor C2 and switch S4 in the first sub-circuit is connected to the first terminal of switch S3. The midpoint between capacitor C2 and switch S4 in the i-th sub-circuit is connected to the second terminal of switch S4 in the (i-1)-th sub-circuit, where i is an integer ranging from 2 to m.

[0118] The midpoint between switch S6 and inductor L2 is connected to the second terminal of switch S4 in the m-th first sub-circuit; the second terminal of switch S3 serves as the input terminal of its respective SCB circuit. In this embodiment, the third port of switch S3, the third port of each switch S4, the third port of each switch S5, and the third port of switch S6 can be connected to the controller to receive control signals from the controller. Switches S3, S4, S5, and S6 are turned on or off under the control of the control signals.

[0119] The structure of SCB circuit 220 is similar to that of SCB circuit 210. The difference is that the connection order of the switching transistor S3 in SCB circuit 220 is the opposite of that in SCB circuit 210, and it is connected to the first end of capacitor C1 in reverse.

[0120] In addition, the second ports of all inductors L1 and L2 in SCB circuit 220 and all inductors L1 and L2 in SCB circuit 210 are connected and used to output the stepped-down DC power.

[0121] In this embodiment, SCB 210 and SCB 220 are high-order SCBs, which can achieve a larger current output.

[0122] In the above embodiments of this application, optionally, one or more switching transistors in the DC / DC conversion device 200 can be MOSFETs, thyristors, or IGBTs.

[0123] Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 This is an exemplary structural diagram of a DC / DC conversion device 200 according to three embodiments of this application. Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 The switching transistors in the system are all field-effect MOSFETs.

[0124] Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 In this configuration, the base of each field-effect MOSFET is connected to the controller to receive the control signal output by the controller and to turn on or off under the control of the control signal.

[0125] It should be noted that when the switching transistor is a thyristor or IGBT, it has the same effect as a field-effect MOSFET. The switching transistor S3 in the SCB circuit 210, which receives the power input, needs to be adjusted in its connection direction to prevent capacitor C2 in the SCB circuit 210 from discharging through the diode inside the switching transistor when the switching transistor is off.

[0126] Figures 2 to 9 The DC / DC converter shown in any figure can increase D by four times compared to a traditional DC / DC converter, for the same voltage ratio.

[0127] Figure 10 This is a schematic structural diagram of an extended DC / DC converter according to an embodiment of this application. The extended DC / DC converter 1000 includes a first circuit 1030, a first DC / DC converter 1010, and a second DC / DC converter 1020.

[0128] The structure of the first circuit 1030 is similar to that of the first circuit 230 in the DC / DC converter 200, and will not be described in detail here.

[0129] The first circuit 1030 is used to step down the DC power input to the first port of switch S1 and output the stepped-down DC power from the first and second ports of capacitor C1 in a time-division manner. Optionally, the ratio of the voltage of the DC power output from the first and second ports of capacitor C1 to the voltage of the DC power input to the first port of switch S1 is 2:1.

[0130] The first DC / DC converter 1010 and the second DC / DC converter 1020 are respectively used to step down the input DC power and output the stepped-down DC power.

[0131] The input port of the first DC / DC converter 1010 is connected to the second port of capacitor C1 in the first circuit 1030, and is used to input the DC power output from the second port of capacitor C1.

[0132] The input port of the second DC / DC converter 1020 is connected to the first port of capacitor C1 in the first circuit 1030, and is used to input the DC power output from the first port of capacitor C1.

[0133] The output ports of the first DC / DC converter 1010 and the second DC / DC converter 1020 are connected. After the output ports of the first DC / DC converter 1010 and the second DC / DC converter 1020 are connected, they can be connected to a load to output stepped-down DC power to the load.

[0134] Optionally, the first DC / DC converter 1010 and the second DC / DC converter 1020 have the same structure.

[0135] In some implementations, both the first DC / DC converter 1010 and the second DC / DC converter 1020 can be... Figures 2 to 9 The DC / DC converter 200 shown in any figure.

[0136] Figure 11 This is a schematic structural diagram of an extended DC / DC converter 1000 according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 11 The first DC / DC converter 1010 and the second DC / DC converter 1020 in the extended DC / DC converter 1000 shown are Figure 4 The DC / DC converter 200 shown.

[0137] Figure 11 The ideal ratio of the output DC voltage to the input DC voltage of the extended DC / DC converter 1000 shown can be:

[0138]

[0139] Among them, V out The voltage of the output DC current, V in This represents the input DC voltage, where D is a preset value.

[0140] In some embodiments of this application, the extended DC / DC converter 1000 may optionally be expanded. For example, as... Figure 12 As shown, the further extended cascaded DC / DC converter 1200 may include a first circuit 1230, an extended DC / DC converter 1210, and an extended DC / DC converter 1220.

[0141] The structure of the first circuit 1230 is the same as that of the first circuit 230. The extended DC / DC converter 1210 and the extended DC / DC converter 1220 can be extended DC / DC converter 1000 respectively.

[0142] Similarly, by analogy, two extended DC / DC conversion units with the same structure can be connected to the first circuit to form a DC / DC conversion device that can provide a larger transformation ratio. The structure of the first circuit can be referred to as the first circuit 230.

[0143] It should be noted that when the DC / DC conversion device in this application is used for expansion, the switching transistor that is reused as the previous stage switching capacitor unit and plays a charging role needs to be connected in reverse, so as to prevent the capacitor in the switching capacitor or the capacitor in the SCB from discharging through the diode in the switching transistor when the switching transistor is turned off.

[0144] Optionally, the extended DC / DC converter in this embodiment may also include a controller, which is connected to the third terminal of the switching transistor in the device and outputs a control signal to the switching transistor through the third terminal to control the switching transistor to turn on or off, thereby achieving the target transformation ratio.

[0145] The above describes the schematic structure of a DC / DC converter or extended DC / DC converter according to some embodiments of this application. The following describes... Figure 4 and Figure 5 The control method of the DC / DC converter 200 shown can be implemented by a controller in the DC / DC converter 200 or by a controller external to the DC / DC converter 200.

[0146] In this control method, switching transistors S1 and S2 cannot be turned on simultaneously; switching transistors S3 and S4 in SCB circuit 210 cannot be turned on simultaneously; switching transistors S5 and S6 in SCB circuit 210 cannot be turned on simultaneously; switching transistors S3 and S4 in SCB circuit 220 cannot be turned on simultaneously; and switching transistors S5 and S6 in SCB circuit 220 cannot be turned on simultaneously.

[0147] Switches S1 and S2 are complementary; switches S3 and S4 in SCB circuit 210 are complementary; switches S5 and S6 in SCB circuit 210 are complementary; switches S3 and S4 in SCB circuit 220 are complementary; and switches S5 and S6 in SCB circuit 220 are complementary. Here, "complementary" means that when one of the complementary switches is on, the other is off.

[0148] In this embodiment, the switching transistor being turned off can be referred to as the switching transistor being cut off.

[0149] In this embodiment, S1 is on and S2 is off, which can be denoted as φ. 3A S2 is on, S1 is off, denoted as φ. 3B S1 is the cutoff point, S2 is the cutoff point, denoted as φ. 3F In SCB circuit 210, S3 is on, S4 is on, S5 is off, and S6 is off, denoted as φ. 1A In SCB circuit 210, S4 is on, S5 is on, S3 is off, and S6 is off, denoted as φ. 1B In SCB circuit 210, S5 is on, S6 is on, S3 is off, and S4 is off, denoted as φ. 1F In SCB circuit 220, S3 and S6 are on, S5 and S4 are off, denoted as φ. 2A In SCB circuit 220, S4 is on, S5 is on, S3 is off, and S6 is off, denoted as φ. 2B In SCB circuit 220, S5 and S6 are on, S3 and S4 are off, denoted as φ. 2F .

[0150] In this control method, the DC / DC converter 2400 can be controlled to operate in M ​​of the following eight operating states, where M is a positive integer.

[0151] The first state includes φ 3A φ 1A and φ 2B The first state can be denoted as Φ1. In the first state Φ1, the power input is to charge capacitor C1, capacitor C2 in SCB circuit 210 and inductor L1, capacitor C2 in SCB circuit 220 charges inductor L2 in SCB circuit 220, and inductors L2 and L1 in SCB circuit 210 and SCB circuit 220 freewheeling discharge.

[0152] The second state includes φ 3A φ 1A and φ 2F The second state can be denoted as Φ2. In the second state Φ2, the power input is charging capacitor C1, capacitor C2 in SCB circuit 210, and inductor L1, while inductor L2 in SCB circuit 210 and inductors L1 and L2 in SCB circuit 220 are freewheeling discharges. In the second state, the equivalent circuit diagram of the capacitors and inductors in device 200 is as follows... Figure 13A As shown.

[0153] The third state includes φ 3B φ 2A and φ 1BLet Φ3 be the value of Φ3. In the third state Φ3, capacitor unit C1 charges capacitor C2 in SCB circuit 210 and inductor L1 in SCB circuit 220, capacitor C2 in SCB circuit 210 charges inductor L2, and inductors L1 in SCB circuit 210 and L2 in SCB circuit 220 freewheel discharge.

[0154] The fourth state includes φ 3B φ 2A and φ 1F Let this be denoted as Φ4. In the fourth state Φ4, capacitor unit C1 charges capacitor C2 and inductor L1 in SCB circuit 220, while inductors L1 and L2 in SCB circuit 210 and inductor unit L2 in SCB circuit 220 continue to discharge. In the fourth state, the equivalent circuit diagram of the capacitors and inductors in device 200 is as follows: Figure 13B As shown.

[0155] The fifth state includes φ 3F φ 1F and φ 2F Let this be denoted as Φ5. In the fifth state Φ5, inductors L1 and L2 in SCB circuit 210 and inductor units L1 and L2 in SCB circuit 220 all undergo freewheeling discharge. In the fifth state, the equivalent circuit diagrams of the capacitors and inductors in device 200 are as follows: Figure 13C As shown.

[0156] The sixth state includes φ 3F φ 1B and φ 2B Let this be denoted as Φ6. In the sixth state Φ6, capacitor C2 in SCB circuit 210 charges inductor L2, capacitor C2 in SCB circuit 220 charges inductor L2, and inductors L1 in SCB circuit 210 and SCB circuit 220 freewheel discharge.

[0157] The seventh state includes φ 3F φ 1B and φ 2F Let this be denoted as Φ7. In the seventh state Φ7, capacitor C2 in SCB circuit 210 charges inductor L2, while inductor L1 in SCB circuit 210 and inductors L1 and L2 in SCB circuit 220 freewheel discharge. In the seventh state, the equivalent circuit diagram of the capacitors and inductors in device 200 is as follows: Figure 13D As shown.

[0158] The eighth state includes φ 3F φ 1F and φ 2B, denoted as Φ8. In the eighth state Φ8, the capacitor C2 in the SCB circuit 220 charges the inductor L2, and the inductor L1 in the SCB circuit 210, the inductor L2, and the inductor L1 in the SCB circuit 220 perform freewheeling discharge. In the eighth state, the equivalent circuit diagram of the capacitors and inductors in the device 200 is shown in Figure 13E as shown.

[0159] In some implementations, the on-duty ratios of the switch S1, the switch S2, the switches S3 and S4 in the SCB circuit 210, and the switches S3 and S4 in the SCB circuit 220 are equal to D. In this case, the device 200 can freely combine working states among the above 8 working states.

[0160] In this embodiment, the charging and discharging of the capacitors and inductors in the device can be controlled, so as to realize automatic current sharing of the inductor currents and automatic voltage sharing of the switched capacitor units in the device. In the device of the present application, for the wave generation logic formed by combining M working states, the maximum duty cycle requirement for the sub-states is D<0.5.

[0161] As an example, this method controls the device 200 to operate in 4 states, namely the second state Φ2, the fourth state Φ4, the fifth state Φ5, the seventh state Φ7, and the eighth state Φ8.

[0162] Figure 14A is a schematic diagram of the wave generation logic of the DC / DC conversion device 200 provided by an embodiment of the present application. The device 200 may be Figure 4 or Figure 5 the device 200 shown in.

[0163] As shown in Figure 14A , in one switching cycle Ts, the control device 200 operates in the sequence of the second state Φ2, the fifth state Φ5, the fourth state Φ4, the fifth state Φ5, the seventh state Φ7, the fifth state Φ5, the eighth state Φ8, and the fifth state Φ5.

[0164] Optionally, during the switching process of each state, a "dead time" is added to ensure that the two complementary tubes are not turned on at the same time, so as to avoid the shoot-through state. The "dead time" is omitted in Figure 14A and not shown.

[0165] Under this operating sequence, the device 200 achieves fully interleaved wave generation. Due to the interleaving of all items, the output ripple is minimized. This wave generation logic requires that the duty cycle of each sub-state in the device 200 satisfies D<0.25.

[0166] In the working state where 0.25<D<0.5, the wave generation logic cannot ensure that the output inductor currents are completely phase-shifted, so the output ripple may be larger, but the adjustable range of the output voltage is wider.

[0167] Figure 14B This is a schematic diagram of important waveforms for the device 200 provided in this embodiment. The device 200 can be... Figure 4 or Figure 5 The device 200 shown.

[0168] Figure 14B middle, I OUT The battery value, V, represents the DC output of device 200. IN This indicates the voltage of the DC power input to device 200.

[0169] Figure 14B In the diagram, the vertical axis of the top graph represents the DC current value output by the four inductors in device 200; the vertical axis of the middle graph represents the DC voltage value output by capacitor C1 in device 200; and the DC voltage values ​​output by the two capacitors C2. The horizontal axis represents time, and Ts represents the switching cycle, which can be measured in microseconds.

[0170] Figure 14B This is a schematic diagram of the voltage waveforms across capacitor C1 and the two capacitors C2, and the current waveforms across the two inductors L1 and L2 when device 200 is in steady-state operation.

[0171] In this embodiment, the duty cycle D of the switch conduction time in the control device 200 operates in the following sequence: second state Φ2, fifth state Φ5, fourth state Φ4, fifth state Φ5, seventh state Φ7, fifth state Φ5, eighth state Φ8, and fifth state Φ5. In each operating state, there is no parallel connection of capacitors, therefore there is no hard charging loss between capacitors, and it is insensitive to device parameter mismatch during operation. Even with mismatched capacitance and inductance values, the capacitor voltage and inductor current can still achieve self-balancing.

[0172] Based on the DC / DC device and its control method described above, the DC / DC device in this application can be applied to the power supply system of the bus-to-load point power supply (PoL).

[0173] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application of a DC / DC device in a power supply system according to one embodiment of this application. Figure 15 As shown, the power supply system may include one or more of the following devices: point-of-load (POL) power supply, voltage regulation module (VRM), pre-conversion circuit, voltage divider module (VDM), DC-DC converter, and integrated voltage regulator (IVR).

[0174] In the power supply system, the DC input comes from the 48V bus. The DC / DC converter in this application can be connected in series before the IVR or after the pre-conversion circuit according to the actual application requirements. Alternatively, the DC / DC converter or extended DC / DC converter can be directly connected in series between the bus and the PoL. The purpose is to process the electrical signal input from the DC bus and reduce the voltage to the voltage range required for the power supply to operate at the load point.

[0175] By applying DC / DC converters or extended DC / DC converters to power supply systems, power can be supplied to large-board power supply architectures such as data centers, computing scenarios, and wireless scenarios according to actual needs.

[0176] Other embodiments of this application will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this application are indicated by the following claims.

[0177] It should be understood that this application is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A DC-to-DC converter, characterized in that, include: First circuit, first SCB circuit, second SCB circuit and controller; The first circuit includes a first switching transistor, a second switching transistor, and a first capacitor; The first terminal of the first switching transistor is used to connect to a DC power supply. The second terminal of the first switching transistor is connected to the input terminal of the first SCB circuit through the first capacitor. The midpoint between the first capacitor and the first SCB circuit is connected to the first terminal of the second switching transistor. The second terminal of the second switching transistor is connected to ground. The midpoint between the first switching transistor and the first capacitor is connected to the input terminal of the second SCB circuit. The output terminal of the first SCB circuit is connected to the output terminal of the second SCB circuit and serves as the output terminal of the DC-DC converter for connecting to the load. The controller is used to control the turn-off and turn-on of the first switch, the second switch, and the switches in the first SCB circuit and the second SCB circuit, and to step down the output voltage of the DC power supply and output it to the load. The first SCB circuit and the second SCB circuit each further include: a third switch, a second capacitor, a fourth switch, a first inductor, a fifth switch, a sixth switch, and a second inductor. In the first SCB circuit, the first terminal of the third switch is connected to the output terminal of the first SCB circuit in sequence through the second capacitor and the first inductor, and the second terminal of the third switch serves as the input terminal of the first SCB circuit. In the second SCB circuit, the second terminal of the third switch is connected to the output terminal of the first SCB circuit in sequence through the second capacitor and the first inductor, and the first terminal of the third switch serves as the input terminal of the second SCB circuit. The midpoint between the third switch and the second capacitor is connected to the first end of the fourth switch, and the second end of the fourth switch is connected to the output end of the SCB circuit through the second inductor. The first terminal of the fifth switch is connected to the midpoint between the second capacitor and the first inductor, and the second terminal of the fifth switch is connected to ground. The first end of the sixth switch is connected to the midpoint between the fourth switch and the second inductor, and the second end of the sixth switch is connected to ground. The controller is used to control the DC-DC converter to operate in a first state, which includes sequentially executing: controlling the first switch to turn on, controlling the third and sixth switches in the first SCB circuit to turn on, and controlling the fourth and fifth switches in the second SCB circuit to turn on.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controller is used to control the turn-off and connection of the first switch, the second switch, and the switches in the first SCB circuit and the second SCB circuit, including: The first switch and the second switch are not turned on at the same time, wherein when the first switch is turned on, the second switch is turned off, and when the second switch is turned on, the first switch is turned off; The third switch and the fifth switch are not turned on at the same time, wherein the fifth switch is turned off when the third switch is turned on, and the third switch is turned off when the fifth switch is turned on. The fourth switch and the sixth switch are not turned on at the same time, wherein the sixth switch is turned off when the fourth switch is turned on, and the fourth switch is turned off when the sixth switch is turned on.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The controller is used to control the turn-off and connection of the first switch, the second switch, and the switches in the first SCB circuit and the second SCB circuit, including: Controlling the first and second switching transistors to operate in sub-states sub-state or substate The first SCB circuit operates in a sub-state. sub-state or substate And the second SCB circuit operates in a sub-state sub-state or substate The sub-state Including the first switch being turned on, the sub-state Including the second switch being turned on, the sub-state Including the first switch and the second switch being turned off; the sub-state Including the conduction of the third and sixth switches in the first SCB circuit, the sub-state Including the conduction of the fourth and fifth switches in the first SCB circuit, the sub-state This includes the fifth and sixth switches in the first SCB circuit being turned on; the sub-state This includes the third and sixth switches in the second SCB circuit being turned on; the sub-state Including the conduction of the fourth and fifth switches in the second SCB circuit, the sub-state This includes the fifth and sixth switches in the second SCB circuit being turned on.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The control of the first and second switching transistors to operate in a sub-state sub-state or substate The first SCB circuit operates in a sub-state. sub-state or substate And the second SCB circuit operates in a sub-state sub-state or substate This includes: controlling the device to operate in M ​​out of eight operating states, where M is a positive integer less than or equal to 8; among the eight operating states, the first state includes sequentially executing sub-states. sub-state Harmony State The second state includes the sub-state. The sub-state Harmony State The third state includes sub-states. sub-state Harmony State The fourth state includes the aforementioned sub-states. The sub-state Harmony State The fifth state includes sub-states. The sub-state and the sub-state The sixth state includes the aforementioned sub-states. The sub-state and the sub-state The seventh state includes the aforementioned sub-states. The sub-state and the sub-state The eighth state includes sub-states. The sub-state and the sub-state .

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The M working states include the second state, the fourth state, the fifth state, the seventh state, and the eighth state.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The controller is specifically used to control the device to operate in the order of the second state, the fifth state, the fourth state, the fifth state, the seventh state, the fifth state, the eighth state, and the fifth state.

7. The apparatus according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that, The substate The sub-state The sub-state The sub-state The sub-state and the sub-state The ratio of the duration of each sub-state to the control cycle of the device is equal to D, where the ratio of the output voltage at the output terminal of the device to the output voltage of the DC power supply is... .

8. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The first inductor and the second inductor are coupled inductors, and the first inductor and the second inductor are connected at opposite ends.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first SCB circuit and the second SCB circuit each include: a third switch, m first sub-circuits and a second sub-circuit, where m is an integer greater than 1; The first sub-circuit includes a second capacitor, a first inductor, a fourth switch and a fifth switch. The first terminal of the fourth switch is connected to the output terminal of its respective SCB circuit through the second capacitor and the first inductor in sequence. The first terminal of the fifth switch is connected to the midpoint between the second capacitor and the first inductor. The second terminal of the fifth switch is connected to ground. The second sub-circuit includes a sixth switch and a second inductor. The first terminal of the sixth switch is connected to the second inductor, and the second terminal of the sixth switch is connected to ground. In the first SCB circuit, the midpoint between the second capacitor and the fourth switch of the first sub-circuit is connected to the first terminal of the third switch, and the second port of the third switch is used as the input terminal of the first SCB circuit. In the second SCB circuit, the midpoint between the second capacitor and the fourth switch of the first sub-circuit is connected to the second terminal of the third switch, and the first port of the third switch is used as the input terminal of the first SCB circuit. The midpoint between the second capacitor and the fourth switch of the i-th first sub-circuit is connected to the second terminal of the fourth switch of the (i-1)-th first sub-circuit, where i is an integer ranging from 2 to m; The midpoint between the sixth switch and the second inductor is connected to the second terminal of the fourth switch of the m-th first sub-circuit.

10. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or 9, characterized in that, The first circuit, together with the third switch in the first SCB circuit and the third switch in the second SCB circuit, forms a switched capacitor unit. The third switch in the first SCB circuit and the third switch in the second SCB circuit are respectively the first output terminal and the second output terminal of the capacitor switching unit. The ratio of the output voltage of the first output terminal and the second output terminal to the output voltage of the DC power supply is 2:

1.

11. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, or 9 or 10, characterized in that, Any switching transistor in the device can be a field-effect MOSFET, a thyristor, or an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT). Wherein, when the arbitrary switch is a field-effect transistor (MOSFET), the first terminal of the arbitrary switch is the drain of the MOSFET, and the second terminal of the arbitrary switch is the source of the MOSFET; When the arbitrary switching transistor is a thyristor, the first end of the arbitrary switching transistor is the cathode of the thyristor, and the second end of the arbitrary switching transistor is the anode of the thyristor. When the arbitrary switching transistor is an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), the first terminal of the arbitrary switching transistor is the collector of the IGBT, and the second terminal of the arbitrary switching transistor is the emitter of the IGBT.

12. An extended DC-to-DC converter, characterized in that, include: The system comprises a first DC-DC converter, a second DC-DC converter, a controller, and a first circuit, wherein the first circuit includes a capacitor and two switching transistors, and the first DC-DC converter and the second DC-DC converter are devices as described in any one of claims 1 to 10. The first terminal of the first switching transistor is used to connect to a DC power supply. The first switching transistor is connected to the input terminal of the first DC-to-DC converter through the capacitor. The second switching transistor is connected between the capacitor, the midpoint of the first DC-to-DC converter, and ground. The midpoint of the first switching transistor and the capacitor is connected to the input terminal of the second DC-to-DC converter. The output ports of the first and second DC-to-DC converters are connected together and then used to connect a load. The controller is used to control the turn-off and connection of the two switching transistors, the switching transistor in the first DC-DC converter and the switching transistor in the second DC-DC converter, and to step down the voltage input to the first switching transistor and output it to the load.

13. A power supply system, characterized in that, include: The device comprises one or more of the following: a point-of-load power supply (PoL), a voltage regulator module (VRM), a pre-conversion circuit, a voltage divider (VDM), a first conversion device, and an integrated voltage regulator module (IVR), and the first conversion device is connected in series with the first conversion device, wherein the first conversion device is the device as described in any one of claims 1 to 12.

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