Method for processing a composite heat sink member for a nuclear fusion device

Abstract

The application discloses a processing method of a composite heat sink component for a nuclear fusion device, and belongs to the technical field of nuclear fusion device manufacturing.The method comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting raw materials, leveling, cutting and machining to obtain a CrZrCu copper alloy plate and a 316L stainless steel plate with a channel rudiment structure;secondly, electroplating a Ni-Ag-Cu ternary alloy plating layer on the surface to be combined of the CrZrCu copper alloy plate;thirdly, stacking and diffusion connecting to obtain a copper / steel composite;fourthly, heating and keeping warm and then compression molding the copper / steel composite;fifthly, solid solution treatment;sixthly, compression molding;seventhly, aging treatment;and eighthly, machining the finished product.The CrZrCu copper alloy plate and the 316L stainless steel plate are tightly combined and connected by vacuum hot pressing sintering, the processing easiness of the channel is improved, the hole and crack defects in the microstructure near the combined interface of the copper / steel composite plate are eliminated, the phenomenon that the edge material cannot be welded through is avoided, the air tightness of the composite heat sink component is improved, and the method is suitable for nuclear fusion devices.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of metal composite material processing technology, and specifically relates to a processing method for composite heat sink components for nuclear fusion devices. Background Technology

[0002] Heat sink components are metal components with internal through channels that open onto the surface. Their basic structure is as follows: Figure 1 As shown. In practical applications, heat sink components are typically installed outside the high-temperature cavity or directly serve as the shell structure of the high-temperature cavity. Heat within the cavity is transferred to the component via conduction / radiation, and then carried away by the flow of cooling medium within the channel, thereby achieving the purpose of cooling the high-temperature cavity. Therefore, heat sink components are mainly used in industrial applications for cooling enclosed or semi-enclosed high-temperature cavities, such as furnaces, reactors, and engine chambers.

[0003] In recent years, with the continuous increase in plasma heating power inside nuclear fusion reactors, their core temperature has also risen significantly, further increasing the heat flux density accumulated on the divertor. This will jeopardize the stability and safety of reactor operation, thus requiring optimized design of the nuclear fusion device's shell structure and performance. Copper alloys possess excellent thermal conductivity, good high-temperature strength, and processing performance, making them the preferred material for heat sink components in nuclear fusion devices. However, copper alloys have poor impact resistance and corrosion resistance, and are relatively expensive. Austenitic stainless steel possesses moderate strength and toughness, excellent corrosion resistance, good processing performance, low cost, and aesthetic appearance. Therefore, if certain technical means can be used to connect copper alloys and stainless steel to create composite heat sink components, the respective performance advantages of both materials can be utilized, making them ideal materials for the shell structure of nuclear fusion devices. Currently, a certain nuclear fusion device shell structure design scheme is as follows: Figure 2a and Figure 2b As shown, this component is a plate-shaped composite structure made of a CrZrCu copper alloy layer and a 316L stainless steel layer. Its shape is part of a conical surface, belonging to a spatial curved surface. See details... Figure 2a The heat sink component has a thickness of 20mm to 40mm, a width of 300mm to 400mm, and a length approaching 1000mm, classifying it as a large-scale composite heat sink component. The internal channels of this heat sink component are distributed in an S-shape (but not limited to this), and its cross-sectional shape is rectangular. See details... Figure 2b During use, the component itself must have a certain strength, and the CrZrCu / 316L interface must have a certain bonding strength, while also meeting the airtightness requirements.

[0004] Currently, the processing method for CrZrCu / 316L composite heat sink components is as follows: First, a copper alloy / stainless steel bimetallic composite plate is processed using explosive welding. Then, straight channels are machined inside the composite plate using drilling, reaming, and drawing techniques, with copper tubes embedded at the edges for connection. Next, the edges of the plate are sealed using conventional welding methods such as arc welding, MIG welding, and TIG welding. Finally, a plate rolling machine is used to roll it into the required shape. The advantages of this method are that the size of the composite heat sink component is not limited by equipment, allowing for the processing of large-scale composite heat sink components; the entire processing involves only cold working, and the strength of the composite heat sink component itself is not affected. However, on the other hand, the copper / steel composite plate is produced using explosive welding, which easily leads to microscopic defects such as pores and cracks near the interface, affecting the airtightness of the composite heat sink component; this method can only process straight channels, and cannot complete processing when the channel distribution is complex; the material at the edges of the component cannot be fully penetrated, resulting in uneven strength distribution; in terms of machining, it requires processing ultra-long channels, which is difficult and costly; and the component has a rough appearance, affecting its aesthetics. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a processing method for composite heat sink components for nuclear fusion devices, addressing the shortcomings of the prior art. This method involves processing a preliminary channel structure on the surface of a CrZrCu copper alloy plate, assembling it with a 316L stainless steel plate, and then achieving composite molding through vacuum hot pressing and diffusion bonding. This eliminates pores and cracks in the microstructure near the interface of the copper / steel composite plate, improves the airtightness of the composite heat sink component, and obtains various complex structures and channel distributions, solving the problem of difficulty in processing and molding complexly distributed channels within the composite heat sink component.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for processing a composite heat sink component for a nuclear fusion device, characterized in that the method includes the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Material preparation: Select CrZrCu copper alloy raw material plate and 316L stainless steel raw material plate, level and cut them respectively, and then machine them according to the shape, structure and size of the target product composite heat sink component to obtain CrZrCu copper alloy plate and 316L stainless steel plate with channel prototype structure.

[0008] Step 2, Surface treatment: Electroplating is performed on the CrZrCu copper alloy plate obtained in Step 1 to form a Ni-Ag-Cu ternary alloy coating on the surface to be laminated, thus obtaining the treated CrZrCu copper alloy plate.

[0009] Step 3, diffusion bonding: The surface of the CrZrCu copper alloy plate to be composited obtained in Step 2 is stacked with the 316L stainless steel plate obtained in Step 1 and assembled to obtain a copper / steel composite with channels. Then, the copper / steel composite is placed in a vacuum hot pressing sintering furnace for diffusion bonding to obtain a copper / steel composite.

[0010] Step 4, One-time molding: The surface of the copper / steel composite obtained in step 3 is coated with paint, then heated and kept warm in an air resistance furnace, and after the heat preservation is completed, it is quickly transferred to a one-time molding mold for molding to obtain a one-time molded body;

[0011] Step 5, Solution treatment: The one-piece molded body obtained in step 5 is placed in an air resistance furnace for heating and holding at that temperature, and then cooled with oil;

[0012] Step 6, Secondary molding: Transfer the primary molded body after solution treatment in step 5 to the secondary molding mold for molding to obtain the secondary molded body;

[0013] Step 7, Aging Treatment: Place the secondary molded body obtained in Step 6 into an air resistance furnace for heating and holding at that temperature, and then air cool it.

[0014] Step 8, Finished Product Machining: Remove the residual coating adhering to the surface of the secondary molded body after the aging treatment in Step 7, and then use a vertical machining center to process it to the finished size to obtain the composite heat sink component.

[0015] This invention utilizes a vacuum hot pressing method to connect a CrZrCu copper alloy plate with a 316L stainless steel plate. A specialized mold is then designed, a molding process is established, and machining is employed to achieve precise forming of the composite heat sink component. Heat treatment further enhances its strength. The processing involves interleaving molding, vacuum hot pressing, and solution treatment followed by aging. This fully utilizes the good plasticity and ease of large deformation of the copper / steel composite after vacuum hot pressing to complete the first molding. The rapid cooling during the subsequent solution treatment causes partial distortion in the first-molded body, which is corrected through a second molding. During the subsequent aging process, stress release and microstructure changes cause slight distortion in the second-molded body. Therefore, by reserving machining allowances during material preparation and combining this with precision machining, the precise forming of the composite heat sink component is achieved.

[0016] The above-mentioned processing method for a composite heat sink component for a nuclear fusion device is characterized in that, in the processing step one, the thickness direction of the CrZrCu copper alloy plate and the 316L stainless steel plate is reserved with a processing allowance of 2.0mm~4.0mm and 1.0mm~3.0mm respectively, and the single-sided processing allowance is the same, which is 5.0mm~10.0mm.

[0017] The above-mentioned processing method for a composite heat sink component for a nuclear fusion device is characterized in that the overall flatness of the CrZrCu copper alloy plate and the 316L stainless steel plate in step one does not exceed 1.2 mm, and the surface roughness does not exceed Ra0.8.

[0018] The above-mentioned processing method for a composite heat sink component for a nuclear fusion device is characterized in that the processing in step one involves: machining a preliminary channel shape on one surface of a cut CrZrCu copper alloy raw material plate as the surface to be composited; simultaneously machining through holes at corresponding positions on a cut 316L stainless steel plate as the inflow and outflow ends of the channel. The vacuum hot-pressing sintering process of this invention causes certain changes in the cross-sectional shape and size of the processed channel, which are subsequently corrected by machining, thereby achieving precise control over the cross-sectional shape and size of the channel in the product composite heat sink component.

[0019] The above-mentioned processing method for a composite heat sink component for a nuclear fusion device is characterized in that the Ni-Ag-Cu ternary alloy coating in step two is composed of the following mass fractions: Ni 36.4%–48.6%, Ag 4.2%–6.8%, with the balance being Cu, and the thickness of the Ni-Ag-Cu ternary alloy coating is 15μm–25μm. By controlling the composition and thickness of the Ni-Ag-Cu ternary alloy coating, a complex metallurgical process occurs at the interface between the Ni-Ag-Cu ternary alloy coating on the surface of the CrZrCu copper alloy plate and the 316L stainless steel plate during vacuum hot pressing sintering, generating Fe-Ni-Cu-Ag, which is beneficial for the diffusion bonding of the two.

[0020] The above-mentioned method for processing a composite heat sink component for a nuclear fusion device is characterized in that the diffusion connection in step three is performed using a vacuum diffusion welding method, with the following process parameters: the vacuum degree inside the furnace does not exceed 5.0 × 10⁻⁶. -2 The pressure on the copper / steel contact surface is 2.8MPa~4.6MPa. It is first held at 800℃~840℃ for 90min~120min, and then cooled down to below 100℃ in the furnace before being taken out.

[0021] The above-mentioned processing method for a composite heat sink component for a nuclear fusion device is characterized in that the coating in step four is a high-temperature metal anti-oxidation and decarburization coating, model MP100 or MP120, the coating thickness is 0.4mm to 1.0mm, and the coating is left to dry for 5h to 6h after application.

[0022] The above-mentioned processing method for a composite heat sink component for a nuclear fusion device is characterized in that, in step four, the one-time molding is hot pressing, the heating temperature is 840℃~880℃, the holding time is 40min~60min, and the time for rapidly transferring it into the molding mold and determining its position is no more than 10s; the curvature of the working surfaces of the upper and lower molds in the one-time molding mold is the same as the curvature of the front and back surfaces of the target product composite heat sink component; the pressing process is as follows: after the copper / steel composite is heated, it is attached to the mold and held for 4min~6min, then the mold is lifted and held for 1min, and then the mold is attached again and held for 5min~10min.

[0023] The above-mentioned processing method for a composite heat sink component for a nuclear fusion device is characterized in that the solution treatment process in step five is as follows: the one-time molded body is placed in an air resistance furnace and heated to 1000℃~1040℃ and kept at that temperature for 60min~90min, and then quickly transferred to an oil tank for oil cooling, and the rapid transfer time does not exceed 6s, and the oil is introduced from the side.

[0024] The above-mentioned processing method for a composite heat sink component for a nuclear fusion device is characterized in that, in step six, the curvature of the working surfaces of the upper and lower molds in the secondary molding mold is the same as the curvature of the front and back surfaces of the target product composite heat sink component; the molding process is as follows: after the solution-treated primary molding body is attached to the mold, it is held for 4 min to 6 min, then the mold is lifted and held for 1 min, and then the mold is attached again and held for 15 min to 20 min.

[0025] The above-mentioned processing method for a composite heat sink component for a nuclear fusion device is characterized in that the aging process in step seven is as follows: the secondary molded body is placed in an air resistance furnace and heated to 440℃~480℃ and held at that temperature for 240min~360min, and then cooled to room temperature in air.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0027] 1. This invention achieves a tight composite connection between the CrZrCu copper alloy plate and the 316L stainless steel plate in the composite heat sink component by first processing a preliminary channel structure on the surface of the CrZrCu copper alloy plate, then assembling it with a 316L stainless steel plate and diffusion bonding it through vacuum hot pressing sintering. This eliminates the pores and cracks in the microstructure near the interface of the copper / steel composite plate produced by explosive welding, improves the airtightness of the composite heat sink component, and is suitable for nuclear fusion devices.

[0028] 2. Compared to processing channels inside metal composite plates, this invention directly processes the preliminary channel structure on the surface of a CrZrCu copper alloy plate and then assembles it with a 316L stainless steel plate to form a channel structure. This improves the ease of channel processing, allowing the channel structure to overcome the limitations of processing methods and thus obtain channels with various structures and complex distributions. This is beneficial for improving the heat exchange efficiency of composite heat sink components and solves the problem of difficult processing of complex channels inside composite heat sink components. It is suitable for nuclear fusion devices.

[0029] 3. This invention uses vacuum hot pressing sintering diffusion bonding to achieve a tight connection between CrZrCu copper alloy plate and 316L stainless steel plate, avoiding the phenomenon of incomplete welding of edge materials, improving the consistency of the strength distribution of the composite heat sink component, and is suitable for nuclear fusion devices.

[0030] 4. The processing method of the present invention improves the ease of processing the channels in the composite heat sink component, thereby facilitating the design of the channel distribution and shape, increasing the surface area of ​​the channel, thereby improving the cooling efficiency of the cooling medium in the channel, avoiding the processing of ultra-long channels, and thus reducing processing costs.

[0031] 5. This invention processes CrZrCu copper alloy plate and 316L stainless steel plate respectively, and combines vacuum hot pressing sintering diffusion bonding, one-time molding, solution treatment, secondary molding, aging treatment, and finished product machining to obtain composite heat sink components. The processing volume is small and the post-processing steps are few, resulting in a neat and beautiful appearance of the composite heat sink components.

[0032] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat sink component in the prior art.

[0034] Figure 2a This is an external structural diagram of the shell structure of a nuclear fusion device in the prior art.

[0035] Figure 2b This is a diagram showing the internal channel distribution of the shell structure of a nuclear fusion device in the prior art.

[0036] Figure 3a This is a top view of the CrZrCu copper alloy plate in this invention.

[0037] Figure 3b This is a front view of the CrZrCu copper alloy plate in this invention.

[0038] Figure 4a This is a top view of the 316L stainless steel plate in this invention.

[0039] Figure 4b This is a front view of the structure of the 316L stainless steel plate in this invention.

[0040] Figure 5a This is a top view of the copper / steel assembly in this invention.

[0041] Figure 5b This is a front view of the copper / steel assembly in this invention.

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a one-time compression molding process in this invention.

[0043] Figure 7 This is a physical image of the composite heat sink component prepared in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the interface morphology of the CrZrCu copper alloy and 316L stainless steel in the composite heat sink component prepared in Example 3 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0045] Example 1

[0046] This embodiment includes the following steps:

[0047] Step 1: Material Preparation: Select CrZrCu copper alloy raw material plates and 316L stainless steel raw material plates, level and cut them respectively, and then machine them according to the shape, structure and size of the target composite heat sink component to obtain CrZrCu copper alloy plates and 316L stainless steel plates with channel structures, such as... Figures 3a-3b and Figures 4a-4b As shown; the target product composite heat sink component is a fan-shaped body with dimensions (CrZrCu copper alloy plate thickness / 316L stainless steel plate thickness × width × length) of 12mm / 8mm × 300mm × 600mm, and the channel cross-section is a 4mm × 4mm rectangle, with the channel orientation distributed in an S-shape.

[0048] The processing procedure for the CrZrCu copper alloy plate is as follows: First, the cut CrZrCu copper alloy raw material plate is machined into a fan-shaped component with a thickness of 14mm and a machining allowance of 5.0mm around the perimeter. Then, a channel prototype, namely a rectangular groove with a cross-section of 4mm×4mm, is machined on one surface of the fan-shaped component. The rectangular groove is distributed in an S-shape. This surface is used as the composite surface. At the same time, four circular positioning holes with a diameter of 4mm are machined at the four corners of the fan-shaped component to obtain the CrZrCu copper alloy plate. The overall flatness of the CrZrCu copper alloy plate is 0.8mm and the surface roughness is Ra0.4.

[0049] The processing of the 316L stainless steel plate is as follows: First, the cut 316L stainless steel raw material plate is machined into a fan-shaped component with a thickness of 9mm and a machining allowance of 5.0mm around the perimeter. Then, a through hole with a diameter of 4mm is machined at the position corresponding to the channel prototype of the fan-shaped component to serve as the inflow and outflow ends of the channel. At the same time, four circular positioning holes with a diameter of 4mm are machined at the corner of the fan-shaped component at the position corresponding to the four circular positioning holes in the CrZrCu copper alloy plate, thus obtaining the 316L stainless steel plate. The overall flatness of the 316L stainless steel plate is 0.8mm, and the surface roughness is Ra0.4.

[0050] Step 2, Surface Treatment: Electroplating is performed on the CrZrCu copper alloy plate obtained in Step 1 to form a Ni-Ag-Cu ternary alloy coating with a thickness of 25μm on the surface to be laminated, thus obtaining the treated CrZrCu copper alloy plate; the Ni-Ag-Cu ternary alloy coating is composed of the following mass fractions: Ni 36.4%, Ag 4.2%, and the balance Cu;

[0051] Step 3, Diffusion Bonding: The surfaces of the treated CrZrCu copper alloy plate (obtained in Step 2) and the 316L stainless steel plate (obtained in Step 1) to be bonded are cleaned with ethanol to remove surface oil. Then, the treated CrZrCu copper alloy plate is stacked on top of the 316L stainless steel plate (obtained in Step 1), aligned vertically, and assembled. Positioning pins are used to fix the four corresponding circular positioning holes on both surfaces, resulting in a copper / steel assembly with channels. Figure 5a and 5b As shown, the copper / steel composite is then placed in a vacuum hot-pressing sintering furnace, and the furnace is evacuated until the vacuum level is 5.0 × 10⁻⁶. -2 Pa, start the heating system, and when the furnace temperature rises to 800℃, start the hydraulic system and adjust the system pressure so that the pressure on the copper / steel contact surface is 4.6MPa, and maintain it at this temperature and pressure for 120 minutes. Then, cool it down to below 100℃ with the furnace and take it out of the furnace to obtain the copper / steel composite.

[0052] Step 4: One-time molding: Clean the copper / steel composite obtained in Step 3 with ethanol to remove surface oil stains, and then apply a high-temperature anti-oxidation and decarburization coating (MP100) with a thickness of 0.4mm. After application, allow it to dry for 5 hours, then place it in an air resistance furnace and heat it at 840℃ for 60 minutes. Within 10 seconds after the heat treatment, quickly transfer it to the one-time molding mold and position it correctly. Then, activate the hydraulic system and use the cylinder to push the upper mold of the one-time molding mold downwards until the copper / steel composite is completely in contact with the mold working surface and hold for 4 minutes. Lift the mold and hold for 1 minute, then continue to move the upper mold downwards until the copper / steel composite is completely in contact with the mold working surface and hold for 5 minutes. Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 In the middle F, it indicates the direction in which the upper mold of the primary molding die moves downward to obtain a primary molded body; the curvature of the working surfaces of the upper and lower molds in the primary molding die is the same as the curvature of the front and back surfaces of the target product composite heat sink component, respectively;

[0053] Step 5, Solution treatment: Place the one-piece molded body obtained in step 5 in an air resistance furnace and heat it to 1000℃ and keep it at that temperature for 90 minutes. Then, quickly transfer it to an oil tank for oil cooling within 6 seconds. The oil is introduced from the side, that is, the long side of the one-piece molded body contacts the oil surface first, and then the oil is introduced into the width direction for cooling.

[0054] Step Six: Secondary Molding: Transfer the primary molded body after solution treatment in Step Five to the secondary molding mold and determine its position. Then, start the hydraulic system and use the oil cylinder to push the upper mold of the secondary molding mold downward until the primary molded body is completely in contact with the working surface of the mold and hold for 4 minutes. Lift the mold and hold for 1 minute. Continue to move the upper mold downward until the primary molded body is completely in contact with the working surface of the mold and hold for 15 minutes to obtain the secondary molded body. The curvature of the working surfaces of the upper and lower molds in the secondary molding mold is the same as the curvature of the front and back surfaces of the target product composite heat sink component, respectively.

[0055] Step 7, Aging treatment: Place the secondary molded body obtained in step 6 in an air resistance furnace and heat it to 440℃ and hold it for 360 minutes. Then remove it from the furnace and cool it to room temperature in the air.

[0056] Step 8, Finished Product Machining: Remove the residual coating adhering to the surface of the secondary molded body after the aging treatment in Step 7, and then use a vertical machining center to process it to the finished product size to obtain a composite heat sink component composed of CrZrCu copper alloy / 316L stainless steel.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] This embodiment includes the following steps:

[0059] Step 1: Material Preparation: Select CrZrCu copper alloy raw material plates and 316L stainless steel raw material plates, level and cut them respectively, and then machine them according to the shape, structure and size of the target composite heat sink component to obtain CrZrCu copper alloy plates and 316L stainless steel plates with channel structures, such as... Figures 3a-3b and Figures 4a-4b As shown; the target product composite heat sink component is a fan-shaped body with dimensions (CrZrCu copper alloy plate thickness / 316L stainless steel plate thickness × width × length) of 24mm / 16mm × 400mm × 1000mm, and the channel cross-section is an 8mm × 8mm rectangle, with the channel orientation distributed in a well pattern.

[0060] The processing of the CrZrCu copper alloy plate is as follows: First, the cut CrZrCu copper alloy raw material plate is machined into a fan-shaped component with a thickness of 28mm and a machining allowance of 10.0mm around the perimeter. Then, a channel prototype, namely a rectangular groove with a cross section of 8mm×8mm, is machined on one surface of the fan-shaped component. The rectangular groove is distributed in a well pattern in the plane. This surface is used as the composite surface. At the same time, four circular positioning holes with a diameter of 5mm are machined at the four corners of the fan-shaped component to obtain the CrZrCu copper alloy plate. The overall flatness of the CrZrCu copper alloy plate is 1.2mm and the surface roughness is Ra0.8.

[0061] The processing of the 316L stainless steel plate is as follows: First, the cut 316L stainless steel raw material plate is machined into a fan-shaped component with a thickness of 19mm and a processing allowance of 10.0mm around the perimeter. Then, through holes with a diameter of 8mm are machined at the positions corresponding to the channel outline of the fan-shaped component to serve as the inflow and outflow ends of the channel. At the same time, four circular positioning holes with a diameter of 5mm are machined at the corners of the fan-shaped component at the positions corresponding to the four circular positioning holes in the CrZrCu copper alloy plate, thus obtaining the 316L stainless steel plate. The overall flatness of the 316L stainless steel plate is 1.2mm, and the surface roughness is Ra0.8.

[0062] Step 2, Surface Treatment: Electroplating is performed on the CrZrCu copper alloy plate obtained in Step 1 to form a Ni-Ag-Cu ternary alloy coating with a thickness of 15μm on the surface to be laminated, thus obtaining the treated CrZrCu copper alloy plate; the Ni-Ag-Cu ternary alloy coating is composed of the following mass fractions: Ni 48.6%, Ag 6.8%, and the balance Cu;

[0063] Step 3, Diffusion Bonding: The surfaces of the CrZrCu copper alloy plate (obtained in Step 2) and the 316L stainless steel plate (obtained in Step 1) to be laminated are cleaned with acetone to remove surface oil. Then, the laminated surface of the treated CrZrCu copper alloy plate is stacked on top of the laminated surface of the 316L stainless steel plate (obtained in Step 1), aligned vertically, and assembled. Positioning pins are used to fix the four corresponding circular positioning holes on both surfaces, resulting in a copper / steel assembly with channels, as shown below. Figure 5a and 5b As shown, the copper / steel composite is then placed in a vacuum hot-pressing sintering furnace, and the furnace is evacuated until the vacuum level is 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. -2 Pa, start the heating system, and when the furnace temperature rises to 840℃, start the hydraulic system and adjust the system pressure so that the pressure on the copper / steel contact surface is 2.8MPa, and maintain it at this temperature and pressure for 90 minutes. Then, cool it down to below 30℃ with the furnace and take it out of the furnace to obtain the copper / steel composite.

[0064] Step 4: One-time molding: Clean the copper / steel composite obtained in Step 3 with acetone to remove surface oil stains, and apply a high-temperature anti-oxidation and decarburization metal coating (MP120) with a thickness of 1.0 mm. After application, allow it to dry for 6 hours, then place it in an air resistance furnace and heat it at 880℃ for 40 minutes. After the heat treatment ends, quickly transfer it to the one-time molding mold within 8 seconds and position it correctly. Then, activate the hydraulic system and use the cylinder to push the upper mold of the one-time molding mold downwards until the copper / steel composite is completely in contact with the mold working surface and hold for 6 minutes. Lift the mold and hold for 1 minute, then continue to move the upper mold downwards until the copper / steel composite is completely in contact with the mold working surface and hold for 10 minutes. Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 In the middle F, it indicates the direction in which the upper mold of the primary molding die moves downward to obtain a primary molded body; the curvature of the working surfaces of the upper and lower molds in the primary molding die is the same as the curvature of the front and back surfaces of the target product composite heat sink component, respectively;

[0065] Step 5, Solution treatment: Place the one-piece molded body obtained in step 5 in an air resistance furnace and heat it to 1040℃ and keep it at that temperature for 60 minutes. Then, quickly transfer it to an oil tank for oil cooling within 5 seconds. The oil is introduced from the side, that is, the long side of the one-piece molded body contacts the oil surface first, and then the oil is introduced into the width direction for cooling.

[0066] Step Six: Secondary Molding: Transfer the primary molded body after solution treatment in Step Five to the secondary molding mold and determine its position. Then, start the hydraulic system and use the oil cylinder to push the upper mold of the secondary molding mold downward until the primary molded body is completely in contact with the working surface of the mold and hold for 6 minutes. Lift the mold and hold for 1 minute. Continue to move the upper mold downward until the primary molded body is completely in contact with the working surface of the mold and hold for 20 minutes to obtain the secondary molded body. The curvature of the working surfaces of the upper and lower molds in the secondary molding mold is the same as the curvature of the front and back surfaces of the target product composite heat sink component, respectively.

[0067] Step 7, Aging treatment: Place the secondary molded body obtained in step 6 in an air resistance furnace and heat it to 480℃ and hold it for 240 minutes. Then remove it from the furnace and cool it to room temperature in the air.

[0068] Step 8, Finished Product Machining: Remove the residual coating adhering to the surface of the secondary molded body after the aging treatment in Step 7, and then use a vertical machining center to process it to the finished product size to obtain a composite heat sink component composed of CrZrCu copper alloy / 316L stainless steel.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] This embodiment includes the following steps:

[0071] Step 1: Material Preparation: Select CrZrCu copper alloy raw material plates and 316L stainless steel raw material plates, level and cut them respectively, and then machine them according to the shape, structure and size of the target composite heat sink component to obtain CrZrCu copper alloy plates and 316L stainless steel plates with channel structures, such as... Figures 3a-3b and Figures 4a-4b As shown; the target product composite heat sink component is a fan-shaped body with dimensions (CrZrCu copper alloy plate thickness / 316L stainless steel plate thickness × width × length) of 18mm / 12mm × 360mm × 800mm, and the channel cross-section is a 6mm × 6mm rectangle, and the channel orientation is U-shaped.

[0072] The processing procedure for the CrZrCu copper alloy plate is as follows: First, the cut CrZrCu copper alloy raw material plate is machined into a fan-shaped component with a thickness of 21mm and a machining allowance of 8.0mm around the perimeter. Then, a channel prototype, namely a rectangular groove with a cross-section of 6mm×6mm, is machined on one surface of the fan-shaped component. The rectangular groove has a U-shaped distribution in the plane. This surface is used as the surface to be composited. At the same time, four circular positioning holes with a diameter of 4mm are machined at the four corners of the fan-shaped component to obtain the CrZrCu copper alloy plate. The overall flatness of the CrZrCu copper alloy plate is 1.0mm and the surface roughness is Ra0.4.

[0073] The processing of the 316L stainless steel plate is as follows: First, the cut 316L stainless steel raw material plate is machined into a fan-shaped component with a thickness of 14mm and a processing allowance of 8.0mm around the perimeter. Then, a through hole with a diameter of 4mm is machined at the position corresponding to the channel prototype of the fan-shaped component to serve as the inflow and outflow ends of the channel. At the same time, four circular positioning holes with a diameter of 4mm are machined at the corner of the fan-shaped component at the position corresponding to the four circular positioning holes in the CrZrCu copper alloy plate, thus obtaining the 316L stainless steel plate. The overall flatness of the 316L stainless steel plate is 1.0mm, and the surface roughness is Ra0.4.

[0074] Step 2, Surface Treatment: Electroplating is performed on the CrZrCu copper alloy plate obtained in Step 1 to form a 20μm thick Ni-Ag-Cu ternary alloy coating on the surface to be laminated, resulting in the treated CrZrCu copper alloy plate; the Ni-Ag-Cu ternary alloy coating is composed of the following mass fractions: Ni 39.5%, Ag 5.8%, with the balance being Cu;

[0075] Step 3, Diffusion Bonding: The surfaces of the treated CrZrCu copper alloy plate (obtained in Step 2) and the 316L stainless steel plate (obtained in Step 1) to be bonded are cleaned with ethanol to remove surface oil. Then, the treated CrZrCu copper alloy plate is stacked on top of the 316L stainless steel plate (obtained in Step 1), aligned vertically, and assembled. Positioning pins are used to fix the four corresponding circular positioning holes on both surfaces, resulting in a copper / steel assembly with channels. Figure 5a and 5b As shown, the copper / steel composite is then placed in a vacuum hot-pressing sintering furnace, and the furnace is evacuated until the vacuum level is 6.0 × 10⁻⁶. -3 Pa, start the heating system, and when the furnace temperature rises to 820℃, start the hydraulic system and adjust the system pressure so that the pressure on the copper / steel contact surface is 3.9MPa, and maintain it at this temperature and pressure for 110 minutes. Then, cool it down to below 26℃ with the furnace and take it out of the furnace to obtain the copper / steel composite.

[0076] Step 4: One-time molding: Clean the copper / steel composite obtained in Step 3 with ethanol to remove surface oil stains, and apply a high-temperature anti-oxidation and decarburization metal coating (MP100) with a thickness of 0.8mm. After application, allow it to dry for 5.5 hours, then place it in an air resistance furnace and heat it at 860℃ for 50 minutes. Within 6 seconds after the heat treatment, quickly transfer it to the one-time molding mold and position it correctly. Then, activate the hydraulic system and use the cylinder to push the upper mold of the one-time molding mold downwards until the copper / steel composite is completely in contact with the mold working surface and hold for 5 minutes. Lift the mold and hold for 1 minute, then continue to move the upper mold downwards until the copper / steel composite is completely in contact with the mold working surface and hold for 8 minutes. Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 In the middle F, it indicates the direction in which the upper mold of the primary molding die moves downward to obtain a primary molded body; the curvature of the working surfaces of the upper and lower molds in the primary molding die is the same as the curvature of the front and back surfaces of the target product composite heat sink component, respectively;

[0077] Step 5, Solution treatment: Place the one-piece molded body obtained in step 5 in an air resistance furnace and heat it to 1020℃ and keep it at that temperature for 80 minutes. Then, quickly transfer it to an oil tank for oil cooling within 4 seconds. The oil is introduced from the side, that is, the long side of the one-piece molded body contacts the oil surface first, and then the oil is introduced into the width direction for cooling.

[0078] Step Six: Secondary Molding: Transfer the primary molded body after solution treatment in Step Five to the secondary molding mold and determine its position. Then, start the hydraulic system and use the oil cylinder to push the upper mold of the secondary molding mold downward until the primary molded body is completely in contact with the working surface of the mold and hold for 5 minutes. Lift the mold and hold for 1 minute. Continue to move the upper mold downward until the primary molded body is completely in contact with the working surface of the mold and hold for 18 minutes to obtain the secondary molded body. The curvature of the working surfaces of the upper and lower molds in the secondary molding mold is the same as the curvature of the front and back surfaces of the target product composite heat sink component, respectively.

[0079] Step 7, Aging treatment: Place the secondary molded body obtained in step 6 in an air resistance furnace and heat it to 460℃ and hold it for 300 minutes. Then remove it from the furnace and cool it to room temperature in the air.

[0080] Step 8, Finished Product Machining: Remove the residual coating adhering to the surface of the secondary molded body after the aging treatment in Step 7, and then use a vertical machining center to machine it to the finished size, obtaining a composite heat sink component composed of CrZrCu copper alloy / 316L stainless steel, such as... Figure 7 As shown.

[0081] Figure 8 The image shows the interface morphology of the CrZrCu copper alloy and 316L stainless steel in the composite heat sink component prepared in this embodiment. Figure 8 It can be seen that the microstructure near the interface between the CrZrCu copper alloy and 316L stainless steel is dense and well bonded, without microstructural defects such as pores, inclusions, or brittle compounds.

[0082] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any way. Any simple modifications, alterations, and equivalent changes made to the above embodiments based on the inventive essence shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for processing a composite heat sink component for a nuclear fusion device, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Material preparation: Select CrZrCu copper alloy raw material plate and 316L stainless steel raw material plate, level and cut them respectively, and then machine them according to the shape, structure and size of the target product composite heat sink component to obtain CrZrCu copper alloy plate and 316L stainless steel plate with channel prototype structure. Step 2, Surface treatment: Electroplating is performed on the CrZrCu copper alloy plate obtained in Step 1 to form a Ni-Ag-Cu ternary alloy coating on the surface to be laminated, thus obtaining the treated CrZrCu copper alloy plate. Step 3, diffusion bonding: The surface of the CrZrCu copper alloy plate to be composited obtained in Step 2 is stacked with the 316L stainless steel plate obtained in Step 1 and assembled to obtain a copper / steel composite with channels. Then, the copper / steel composite is placed in a vacuum hot pressing sintering furnace for diffusion bonding to obtain a copper / steel composite. Step 4, One-time molding: The surface of the copper / steel composite obtained in step 3 is coated with paint, then heated and kept warm in an air resistance furnace, and after the heat preservation is completed, it is quickly transferred to a one-time molding mold for molding to obtain a one-time molded body; Step 5, Solution treatment: The one-piece molded body obtained in step 5 is placed in an air resistance furnace for heating and holding at that temperature, and then cooled with oil; Step 6, Secondary molding: Transfer the primary molded body after solution treatment in step 5 to the secondary molding mold for molding to obtain the secondary molded body; Step 7, Aging Treatment: Place the secondary molded body obtained in Step 6 into an air resistance furnace for heating and holding at that temperature, and then air cool it. Step 8, Finished Product Machining: Remove the residual coating adhering to the surface of the secondary molded body after the aging treatment in Step 7, and then use a vertical machining center to process it to the finished size to obtain the composite heat sink component.

2. The method for processing a composite heat sink component for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, the thickness allowances for the CrZrCu copper alloy plate and the 316L stainless steel plate are 2.0mm~4.0mm and 1.0mm~3.0mm respectively, and the single-sided allowances are the same, 5.0mm~10.0mm.

3. The method for processing a composite heat sink component for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, the overall flatness of the CrZrCu copper alloy plate and the 316L stainless steel plate shall not exceed 1.2mm, and the surface roughness shall not exceed Ra0.

8.

4. The method for processing a composite heat sink component for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The processing steps in step one are as follows: a channel prototype is machined on one surface of the cut CrZrCu copper alloy raw material plate and used as the composite surface. At the same time, through holes are machined at the corresponding positions on the cut 316L stainless steel plate to serve as the inflow and outflow ends of the channel.

5. A method for processing a composite heat sink component for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Ni-Ag-Cu ternary alloy coating described in step two consists of the following components by mass fraction: Composition: Ni 36.4%~48.6%, Ag 4.2%~6.8%, balance Cu, and the thickness of the Ni-Ag-Cu ternary alloy coating is 15μm~25μm.

6. A method for processing a composite heat sink component for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diffusion bonding described in step three is performed using a vacuum diffusion welding method, with the following process parameters: the vacuum degree inside the furnace does not exceed 5.0 × 10⁻⁶. - 2 The pressure on the copper / steel contact surface is 2.8MPa~4.6MPa. It is first held at 800℃~840℃ for 90min~120min, and then cooled down to below 100℃ in the furnace before being taken out.

7. A method for processing a composite heat sink component for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coating mentioned in step four is a high-temperature anti-oxidation and decarburization coating for metals, model MP100 or MP120, with a coating thickness of 0.4mm to 1.0mm, and should be left to dry for 5 to 6 hours after application.

8. A method for processing a composite heat sink component for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The one-time molding described in step four is hot pressing molding. The heating temperature is 840℃~880℃, the holding time is 40min~60min, and the time to quickly transfer it into the molding mold and determine its position is no more than 10s. The working surface curvature of the upper and lower molds in the one-time molding die is the same as the front and back curvature of the target product composite heat sink component, respectively; the molding process is as follows: after the heat-insulated copper / steel composite is attached to the mold, it is held for 4 min to 6 min, then the mold is lifted and held for 1 min, and then the mold is attached again and held for 5 min to 10 min.

9. A method for processing a composite heat sink component for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solution treatment process described in step five is as follows: the one-piece molded body is placed in an air resistance furnace and heated to 1000℃~1040℃ and held for 60min~90min. Then it is quickly transferred to an oil tank for oil cooling, and the transfer time does not exceed 6s. The oil is introduced from the side.

10. A method for processing a composite heat sink component for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step six, the curvature of the working surfaces of the upper and lower molds in the secondary molding mold is the same as the curvature of the front and back surfaces of the target product composite heat sink component. The molding process is as follows: after the solution-treated primary molding body is attached to the mold, it is held for 4 min to 6 min, then the mold is lifted and held for 1 min, and then the mold is attached again and held for 15 min to 20 min.

11. A method for processing a composite heat sink component for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aging process described in step seven is as follows: the secondary molded body is placed in an air resistance furnace and heated to 440℃~480℃ and held for 240min~360min, and then cooled to room temperature in air.

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