Basement outer wall waterproof stepped drainage integrated structure and construction method

Abstract

The basement outer wall waterproof step type drainage integrated structure and construction method, including base, protection wall, waterproof layer, step type drainage layer, covering layer and cover, are characterized by the following: the protection wall is arranged on the upper part of the foundation cushion layer along the vertical direction, the waterproof layer is arranged on the outer side of the protection wall, the step type drainage layer is arranged in the area between the protection wall and the foundation pit, the step type drainage layer comprises a lower step type cushion layer, a drainage blind ditch and an upper cushion layer, the lower step type cushion layer is laid on the foundation cushion layer, the upper part of the lower step type cushion layer is in a multi-section step type structure, the step platforms are raised from the protection wall and approach the protection wall, the drainage blind ditch is arranged on each step type platform, the upper cushion layer is laid on the upper part of the lower step type cushion layer, the covering layer is laid on the upper part of the upper cushion layer, and the protection plate and the waterproof roll material are arranged between the protection wall and the basement side wall. The basement outer wall waterproof step type drainage integrated structure and construction method improve the drainage effect outside the protection wall, avoid excessive water flow at the protection wall, and ensure the drainage effect outside the basement side wall.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building engineering technology, specifically to an integrated structure and construction method for waterproof stepped drainage on the exterior wall of a basement. Background Technology

[0002] To improve the utilization of underground space, basements are often built at the bottom of buildings, and these basements are typically located below ground level. Due to the presence of groundwater, waterproofing the basement walls is a problem that must be addressed during basement construction.

[0003] Existing basement drainage and waterproofing structures are generally achieved through waterproof membranes and drainage pipes. During the actual construction of a basement, the process typically involves first supporting the formwork at the bottom of the foundation pit; then pouring concrete within the area enclosed by the formwork, and once the concrete has solidified, forming the exterior walls; and finally backfilling the space between the outer walls and the inner walls of the foundation pit with soil, which is then compacted. This method of basement waterproofing usually only addresses water seepage after it has occurred. This approach can easily create seepage channels within the backfill soil, leading to severe water infiltration and poor waterproofing performance.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to study an integrated structure and construction method for waterproof stepped drainage of basement exterior walls to solve the problem of poor waterproofing effect in basement sub-basement, ensure the overall effectiveness of waterproofing in the basement sub-basement, and provide reliable waterproofing quality for the basement structure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated waterproof stepped drainage structure and construction method for basement exterior walls, which effectively solves the problem of poor waterproofing effect of existing integrated waterproof drainage structures for basements.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is: an integrated waterproof stepped drainage structure for basement exterior walls, comprising a base, a protective wall, a waterproof layer, a stepped drainage layer, a soil covering layer, and a cap; a foundation pad is provided on the base, a protective wall is constructed vertically on the upper part of the foundation pad, a waterproof layer is provided on the outer side of the protective wall, and a stepped drainage layer is arranged in the area between the protective wall and the foundation pit, the stepped drainage layer comprising a lower stepped pad, a drainage blind ditch, and an upper pad, the lower stepped pad being laid on the foundation pad, its upper part having a multi-section stepped structure, and the stepped platforms rising from the distance of the protective wall to approach the protective wall, a drainage blind ditch being provided on each stepped platform, and a concealed drain pipe being arranged in each drainage blind ditch, the upper pad being laid on the upper part of the lower stepped pad, the soil covering layer being laid on the upper pad, a protective board and a waterproof membrane being provided between the protective wall and the basement side wall, and the cap being set on the upper part of the protective wall, its inner side abutting against the basement side wall, and its outer side extending into the soil covering layer.

[0007] Furthermore, asphalt felt is installed on top of the foundation pad, and a protective wall is constructed on top of the asphalt felt.

[0008] Furthermore, the waterproof layer wraps around the upper part and the inner and outer sides of the protective wall, forming a waterproof structure on both the inner and outer sides of the protective wall. The waterproof membrane is laid on the base layer and folded over and fixed to the waterproof layer of the protective wall.

[0009] Furthermore, the protective wall is constructed of bricks, and the waterproof layer is a waterproof coating applied to the outside of the protective wall.

[0010] Furthermore, the lower stepped cushion layer is arranged with at least two steps, the width of each step gradually decreasing as it approaches the basement side wall.

[0011] Furthermore, the drainage ditch is arranged in the middle area of ​​each step.

[0012] Furthermore, a water-retaining layer is provided on the side of the stepped pad.

[0013] A construction method for a stepped drainage integrated structure for waterproofing basement exterior walls, characterized by the following steps.

[0014] Step 1: Excavate the soil layer according to the design drawings to form the basement foundation pit structure, compact the foundation, and construct the foundation pad layer;

[0015] Step 2: According to the drawings, asphalt felt is installed on the top of the foundation pad, and a protective wall is built on top of the asphalt felt with bricks. Then, a waterproof layer is applied to the outside of the protective wall.

[0016] Step 3: Construct protective boards and waterproof membranes on the inside of the protective wall. The waterproof membranes are first laid horizontally from the foundation pad and then folded up and fixed to the side of the protective wall. First, construct the basement floor, then construct the protective boards on the outside of the waterproof membranes. Reinforcing bars are placed on the protective boards, then the inner formwork is placed, and concrete is poured between the inner formwork and the protective boards to form the basement side walls.

[0017] Step 4: Lay a stepped cushion layer between the protective wall and the side wall of the foundation pit and compact it. Then, excavate a drainage ditch in the middle area of ​​each step surface and lay filling and concealed pipes in the drainage ditch.

[0018] Step 5: Install a water-retaining layer on each side of the lower stepped cushion layer, then lay an upper cushion layer on top of the lower stepped cushion layer and compact it; then construct a soil cover layer on top of the upper cushion layer; finally, construct a capping layer to seal the upper part of the protective wall.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: Addressing the problem of poor waterproofing performance in existing integrated waterproofing and drainage structures, this invention arranges a stepped pad between the protective wall and the pit sidewall. This structure forms a stepped waterproofing structure between the protective wall and the pit sidewall. Drainage blind ditches are provided on each stepped platform. Furthermore, according to a preset depth, deeper drainage blind ditches are arranged at the far end, away from the protective wall. Deep water will drain outwards through these drainage blind ditches. As the drainage blind ditches gradually rise inwards, water entering from the side of the pit is drained sequentially, and the water volume is significantly reduced when it reaches the protective wall, thus achieving a better waterproofing effect.

[0020] In further implementation, the width of the stepped platform gradually decreases as it moves inward, and the width of the drainage ditch also decreases accordingly. This creates a structure with a large drainage capacity and wide span on the outside, and a structure with a small drainage capacity and narrow width on the inside, to ensure drainage effectiveness. At the same time, the invention provides a water-blocking layer on the vertical surface of the stepped platform, thereby forming multiple vertical water-blocking structures that form a barrier in each drainage ditch area to provide a waterproof effect.

[0021] Therefore, this invention has a novel structure. First, a foundation pad layer is constructed, then a protective wall is built on the foundation pad layer, using the protective wall as a boundary support structure. Waterproof membrane and a protective board are constructed on the inner side of the protective wall. The protective board is a concrete slab structure with reinforcing bars tied to it. Then, an outer formwork is arranged on the outer side for pouring the basement side wall. At the same time, by forming a stepped waterproof structure on the outer side of the protective wall, an integrated waterproof and drainage structure is formed on the outer side of the protective wall, improving the drainage effect outside the protective wall and preventing excessive water flow at the protective wall. During construction, the height of the stepped pad layer is arranged according to the highest water level in the construction environment to ensure that the water flow can be fully and effectively discharged. An effective and directly drainable waterproof structure is established on the outside of the protective wall, ensuring the drainage effect of the basement side wall. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the construction process of the present invention.

[0024] Attached diagram labels: 1 is the foundation layer, 2 is the asphalt felt, 3 is the protective wall, 4 is the waterproof layer, 5 is the waterproof membrane, 6 is the basement side wall, 7 is the lower stepped foundation layer, 8 is the drainage ditch, 9 is the concealed pipe, 10 is the upper foundation layer, 11 is the soil cover layer, 12 is the cap, 13 is the water-retaining layer, and 14 is the protective board. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0026] Example 1: This example aims to provide an integrated structure and construction method for waterproofing stepped drainage on the exterior walls of basements. It is mainly used for waterproofing the exterior walls of basement structures. The water seepage caused by the exterior walls is essentially due to cracks in the basement walls that penetrate the interior and exterior of the basement. Groundwater seeps into the basement through these cracks. The existing waterproofing method is to fill the cracks, which is a very passive approach. To solve this problem, this example provides an integrated structure for waterproofing stepped drainage on the exterior walls of basements.

[0027] like Figure 1 The illustration shows an integrated waterproof stepped drainage structure for basement exterior walls, comprising a basement, a protective wall 3, a waterproof layer 4, a stepped drainage layer, a soil covering layer 11, and a cap 12. In this embodiment, a foundation pit is first excavated, and a foundation pad 1 is placed on the base of the pit. After the foundation pad 1 is completed, it is compacted. Then, according to the drawings, the protective wall 3 is constructed vertically on top of the foundation pad 1. During construction, asphalt felt 2 is first placed on top of the foundation pad in the selected area, and the protective wall 3 is then constructed on top of the asphalt felt 2. The protective wall 3 is constructed of bricks, specifically using a multi-layer horizontal brick masonry technique. After construction, a waterproof layer is placed on the outside of the protective wall. The waterproof layer is a waterproof coating applied to the outside of the protective wall, wrapping the upper part and both the inner and outer sides of the protective wall, forming a waterproof structure on both the inner and outer sides of the protective wall.

[0028] During implementation, the protective wall 3 is arranged vertically, and a stepped drainage layer is arranged in the area between the protective wall 3 and the sidewall of the foundation pit. The stepped drainage layer includes a lower stepped cushion layer 7, a drainage blind ditch 8, and an upper cushion layer 10. The lower stepped cushion layer 7 is laid on the foundation cushion layer 1, and its upper part has a multi-section stepped structure, such as... Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this embodiment presents a two-step structure, with the step platform rising from the distance of the protective wall 3 and approaching the protective wall 3. A drainage ditch 8 is provided on each step platform, and a concealed pipe 9 is arranged in each drainage ditch 8.

[0029] In this embodiment, a stepped drainage structure is set between the sidewall of the foundation pit and the protective wall. The purpose of this structure is to create a stepped waterproof structure between the protective wall and the sidewall of the foundation pit. Each step has a different depth, and a drainage ditch is set on each stepped platform. According to the preset depth, a deeper drainage ditch is arranged at the far end away from the protective wall. The deep water at that distance will be drained outward through the drainage ditch at that distance. As the drainage ditch gradually rises inward, the water entering from the side of the foundation pit is drained in sequence. When the water reaches the protective wall, the water volume is greatly reduced, thus achieving a better waterproof effect.

[0030] The upper cushion layer 10 is laid on top of the lower stepped cushion layer 7, covering the bottom of the lower stepped cushion layer 7. The height of the lower stepped cushion layer 7 and the upper cushion layer 10 are arranged according to the historical depth of groundwater seal at different construction sites, so that water can be fully discharged. The soil cover layer 11 is laid on top of the upper cushion layer 10. A protective plate 14 and a waterproof membrane 5 are installed between the protective wall 3 and the basement side wall 6. The waterproof membrane 5 is laid on the foundation cushion layer and folded and fixed to the waterproof layer of the protective wall 3. The cap is set on the upper part of the protective wall 3, with its inner side abutting against the basement side wall and its outer side penetrating into the soil cover layer 11.

[0031] In practice, this embodiment also provides a construction method for an integrated waterproof stepped drainage structure for basement exterior walls, including the following steps:

[0032] Step 1: Excavate the soil layer according to the design drawings to form the basement foundation pit structure, compact the foundation, and construct the foundation pad layer;

[0033] Step 2: Measure and mark the construction points of the protective wall according to the drawings, then set up asphalt felt on the top of the foundation pad, build the protective wall with bricks on the top of the asphalt felt, and then apply a waterproof layer to the outside of the protective wall.

[0034] Step 3: Construct protective boards and waterproof membranes on the inside of the protective wall. The waterproof membranes are first laid horizontally from the foundation pad and then folded up and fixed to the side of the protective wall. First, construct the basement floor, then construct the protective boards on the outside of the waterproof membranes. Reinforcing bars are placed on the protective boards, then the inner formwork is placed, and concrete is poured between the inner formwork and the protective boards to form the basement side walls.

[0035] Step 4: Lay a stepped cushion layer between the protective wall and the side wall of the foundation pit and compact it. Then, excavate a drainage ditch in the middle area of ​​each step surface and lay filling and concealed pipes in the drainage ditch.

[0036] Step 5: Install a water-retaining layer on each side of the lower stepped cushion layer, then lay an upper cushion layer on top of the lower stepped cushion layer and compact it; then construct a soil cover layer on top of the upper cushion layer; finally, construct a capping layer to seal the upper part of the protective wall.

[0037] In this embodiment, after the foundation pit is completed, the foundation pad layer is constructed first, followed by the construction of a protective wall on the foundation pad layer, which serves as a boundary support structure. Waterproof membrane is then applied to the protective wall and the foundation pad layer, and a protective board is constructed on the outside of the waterproof membrane. The protective board is a concrete slab structure, serving as a structure for fixing the waterproof membrane and the inner formwork structure for the basement exterior walls. The protective board is fixed to the protective wall, and reinforcing bars are tied to it. External formwork is then arranged outside the reinforcing bars for the pouring of the basement side walls. Simultaneously, this embodiment creates a stepped waterproof structure on the outside of the protective wall, forming an integrated waterproof and drainage structure. This structure provides good drainage outside the protective wall, and combined with the waterproof and water-blocking properties of the protective wall itself, it enhances the drainage effect outside the protective wall, preventing excessive water flow at the protective wall. During construction, the height of the stepped pad layer is determined according to the highest water level in the construction environment to ensure sufficient and effective drainage. This effective and directly drainable waterproof structure outside the protective wall guarantees the drainage effect of the basement side walls.

[0038] Example 2 further illustrates the structure of the stepped cushion layer.

[0039] In this embodiment, the lower stepped cushion layer 7 is arranged with at least two steps, and the width of each step gradually decreases as it approaches the basement side wall; the drainage blind ditch 8 is arranged in the middle area of ​​each step. This structure allows the width of the stepped platform to gradually decrease as it moves inward, and the width of the drainage blind ditch 8 also decreases accordingly. This creates a structure with a large drainage capacity and wide span on the outside, and a structure with a small drainage capacity and narrow width on the inside, in order to ensure the drainage effect.

[0040] Meanwhile, the present invention provides a water-blocking layer 13 on the side of the lower stepped pad; by providing a water-blocking layer 13 on the stepped vertical surface, multiple vertical water-blocking structures are formed, forming a barrier in each drainage blind ditch area to provide a waterproof effect.

[0041] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A stepped drainage integrated structure for waterproofing basement exterior walls, characterized in that, The structure includes a base, a protective wall, a waterproof layer, a stepped drainage layer, a soil cover, and a cap. A foundation pad is laid on the base. A protective wall is constructed vertically on top of the foundation pad. A waterproof layer is installed on the outside of the protective wall. A stepped drainage layer is arranged in the area between the protective wall and the foundation pit. The stepped drainage layer includes a lower stepped pad, a drainage ditch, and an upper pad. The lower stepped pad is laid on the foundation pad, and its upper part has a multi-section stepped structure. The stepped platforms rise from the far end of the protective wall and approach it. A drainage ditch is provided on each stepped platform, and a concealed pipe is arranged in each drainage ditch. The upper pad is laid on top of the lower stepped pad, and the soil cover is laid on top of the upper pad. A protective board and waterproof membrane are installed between the protective wall and the basement sidewall. The cap is located on top of the protective wall, with its inner side resting against the basement sidewall and its outer side extending into the soil cover. Asphalt felt is installed on the top of the foundation layer, and a protective wall is constructed on top of the asphalt felt. The waterproof layer wraps the upper part and the inner and outer sides of the protective wall, forming a waterproof structure on the inner and outer sides of the protective wall. The waterproof membrane is laid on the base pad and folded and fixed to the waterproof layer of the protective wall. The lower stepped cushion layer is arranged with at least two steps, and the width of each step gradually decreases as it approaches the basement side wall; The drainage ditch is arranged in the middle area of ​​each step; A water-retaining layer is provided on the side of the lower stepped cushion layer. During construction, the height of the stepped cushion layer is determined based on the highest water level in the construction environment.

2. The integrated waterproof stepped drainage structure for basement exterior walls according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective wall is constructed of bricks, and the waterproof layer is a waterproof coating applied to the outside of the protective wall.

3. A construction method for an integrated waterproof stepped drainage structure for basement exterior walls, applicable to the integrated waterproof stepped drainage structure for basement exterior walls as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps, Step 1: Excavate the soil layer according to the design drawings to form the basement foundation pit structure, compact the foundation, and construct the foundation pad layer; Step 2: According to the drawings, asphalt felt is installed on the top of the foundation pad, and a protective wall is built on top of the asphalt felt with bricks. Then, a waterproof layer is applied to the outside of the protective wall. Step 3: Construct protective boards and waterproof membranes on the inside of the protective wall. The waterproof membranes are first laid horizontally from the foundation pad and then folded up and fixed to the side of the protective wall. First, construct the basement floor, then construct the protective boards on the outside of the waterproof membranes. Reinforcing bars are placed on the protective boards, then the inner formwork is placed, and concrete is poured between the inner formwork and the protective boards to form the basement side walls. Step 4: Lay a stepped cushion layer between the protective wall and the side wall of the foundation pit and compact it. Then, excavate a drainage ditch in the middle area of ​​each step surface and lay filling and concealed pipes in the drainage ditch. Step 5: Install a water-retaining layer on each side of the lower stepped cushion layer, then lay an upper cushion layer on top of the lower stepped cushion layer and compact it; then construct a soil cover layer on top of the upper cushion layer; finally, construct a capping layer to seal the upper part of the protective wall.

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