Waveguides and waveguide sensors with signal improvement grooves and / or slots

Abstract

Waveguide and / or antenna structures for use in radar sensor assemblies and the like are disclosed. In some embodiments, the assembly can include a waveguide block including a first surface on a first side of the waveguide block and a second surface on a second side of the waveguide block opposite the first side. One or more waveguides can be formed in the waveguide block. One or more antenna slots can be operatively coupled with one or more of the waveguides. One or more auxiliary notches can be positioned adjacent to at least one of the antenna slots and can mimic or at least substantially mimic at least one of the one or more antenna slots, such as in length and / or width.

Description

Summary of the Invention

[0001] This document discloses various embodiments of waveguide and / or antenna structures having features for altering and / or improving signal transmission and / or reception characteristics, such as increasing signal strength within one or more specific desired angular ranges. In preferred embodiments, such structures can be used in sensor assemblies, such as radar or other sensor modules for vehicles.

[0002] In some embodiments, such features may include recesses configured to mimic antenna slots, for example, by providing the same, substantially the same, or at least similar length, width, and / or shape. Alternatively or in addition, in some embodiments, one or more isolation recesses may be provided, such as an array of isolation recesses that can be positioned between adjacent antenna slots. Some embodiments may further include oscillating / “wavy” antenna slots having corresponding similar oscillating / wavy antenna slot recesses.

[0003] It should also be understood that in some embodiments, any analog groove can be replaced by a slot that extends through the structure it forms. However, it is important to note that such slots should be distinguished from the “antenna slots” described herein, as they do not receive or direct electromagnetic radiation to or from the electronics of the component. In other words, unlike antenna slots, other slots or grooves disclosed herein (including, but not limited to, analog slots extending through radar or other sensor components) are configured to alter, modify, and / or redirect signals from antenna slots in the component, rather than simply receiving and / or transmitting signals to and / or from the electronic circuitry of the component.

[0004] Therefore, as used herein, the term "antenna slot" should be considered to encompass a slot configured to transmit electromagnetic signals / energy to and / or receive electromagnetic signals / energy from electronics on a component (such as circuitry on a printed circuit board of the component). In contrast, as used herein, "auxiliary slot" or "auxiliary recess" should be considered to encompass a slot or recess that facilitates desired improvement, alternation, and / or adjustment of the transmission and / or reception of electromagnetic signals / energy from antenna slots (such as adjacent antenna slots in some cases) of the same component. The difference between "auxiliary slot" and "auxiliary recess" is that an "auxiliary recess" may or may not fully extend through the structure it forms to create an opening, while an "auxiliary slot" (such as an antenna slot) does indeed form an opening.

[0005] In a more specific example of a waveguide assembly (such as a waveguide assembly and / or antenna module for a vehicle sensor module), the assembly / module may include a waveguide block or other structure including a first surface on a first side of the waveguide block and a second surface on a second side of the waveguide block opposite to the first side. One or more waveguides may be formed at least partially along the first surface of the waveguide block. The assembly may further include one or more antenna slots, wherein each of the one or more antenna slots is operatively coupled to a waveguide in one or more waveguides, and wherein each of the one or more antenna slots extends through the waveguide block between the first and second sides of the waveguide block. The assembly may further include one or more antenna recesses. Antenna recesses may be positioned adjacent to at least one of the one or more antenna slots. Each of the one or more antenna recesses preferably extends into the waveguide block but does not extend completely through the waveguide block. Antenna recesses may at least substantially mimic at least one of the one or more antenna slots in both length and width.

[0006] Some embodiments may further include one or more antenna recesses, such as antenna isolation recesses, wherein each of the one or more antenna recesses extends into the waveguide block but does not extend completely through the waveguide block. Each of the one or more antenna recesses may differ from each of the other one or more antenna recesses in at least one of length, width, and depth. For example, in some embodiments, the antenna recess may be longer, narrower, and shallower than some or all of the antenna recesses.

[0007] In some implementations, at least a subset of one or more antenna recesses may vary in depth. For example, one or more antenna recess arrays may be provided, which may vary in depth from one side of the array to the other in a stepwise manner.

[0008] In some implementations, multiple antenna recesses may be positioned between at least two adjacent antenna recesses in one or more antenna recesses.

[0009] In some implementations, each of the plurality of antenna recesses may vary in depth relative to each adjacent antenna recess among the plurality of antenna recesses.

[0010] In some embodiments, at least one of the one or more antenna slots may include a shift antenna slot that is shifted relative to the other antenna slots in a direction corresponding at least substantially to the direction of the elongated axis of the at least one of the one or more antenna slots. In some such embodiments, at least one subset of the one or more antenna recesses may be longer than each of the one or more antenna slots. A first subset of the one or more antenna slots may be aligned at least substantially with a first end of at least one subset of the one or more antenna recesses. In some such embodiments, a shift antenna slot may be aligned at least substantially with a second end of at least one subset of the one or more antenna recesses opposite the first end.

[0011] In another specific example of an antenna assembly according to some embodiments, the antenna assembly may include a waveguide and an antenna structure capable of operatively coupling to the waveguide. The antenna structure may include an array of antenna slots comprising one or more antenna slots extending between opposing surfaces of an integral structure of the antenna assembly (such as the waveguide and / or antenna block of the assembly). A first antenna recess may be positioned at a first end of the antenna slot array, wherein the first antenna recess extends into the integral structure but does not extend completely through the integral structure. An array of antenna recesses (such as an antenna isolation recess array) may also be provided, which may include one or more antenna recesses, wherein each antenna recess in the array differs from the first antenna recess in at least one of length and width.

[0012] In some embodiments, an antenna slot array may include multiple antenna slots, and an antenna recess array may include multiple antenna recesses. In some such embodiments, at least one antenna recess may be positioned between each adjacent antenna slot of the antenna slot array.

[0013] In some implementations, each antenna groove of the antenna groove array may extend into the monolithic structure, rather than extending completely through the monolithic structure.

[0014] An antenna assembly may include a transmit or TX section and a receive or RX section, wherein the transmit section is configured to transmit electromagnetic signals therethrough, and wherein the receive section is configured to receive electromagnetic signals therethrough. In some such embodiments, an antenna slot array may be positioned on the transmit section. A second antenna slot array may be positioned on the receive section, wherein a plurality of antenna recesses are positioned between each adjacent antenna slot of the second antenna slot array.

[0015] In some implementations, a single antenna recess can be positioned between each adjacent antenna slot in the antenna slot array.

[0016] In another specific example of the antenna assembly, the assembly may include a first antenna array comprising one or more elongated antenna slots, each extending along an elongated axis, wherein each elongated antenna slot of the first antenna array is positioned and configured to deliver electromagnetic radiation therethrough. Each elongated antenna slot of at least a subset of the one or more elongated antenna slots of the first antenna array may intermittently oscillate along at least a portion of its respective elongated axis on opposite sides of its respective elongated axis. An elongated groove may be positioned adjacent to at least one of the one or more elongated slots and may extend along the elongated axis. The elongated groove may intermittently oscillate along at least a portion of its elongated axis on opposite sides of its elongated axis.

[0017] Some implementations may further include one or more waveguides, each extending along a respective elongated axis, wherein each of the one or more waveguides is operatively coupled to a respective elongated antenna slot of the first antenna array.

[0018] In some embodiments, an elongated groove (or similar elongated slot) may at least substantially mimic the shape of at least one of one or more elongated antenna slots (and / or in length and / or width). In some such embodiments, an elongated groove may at least substantially mimic the shape of each of one or more elongated antenna slots (and / or in length and / or width). In some such embodiments, an elongated groove may at least substantially mimic the length, width, and shape of at least one of one or more elongated antenna slots.

[0019] In some implementations, the elongated groove may extend into the structure defining both the elongated groove and the first antenna array (such as an antenna block), without extending completely through the structure.

[0020] In some embodiments, the first antenna array may include a plurality of elongated antenna slots. In some such embodiments, the elongated slots may be located at each of the two opposite ends of the first antenna array.

[0021] The features, structures, steps, or characteristics disclosed in this document in one implementation scheme may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more alternative implementation schemes. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments of this disclosure are described, including various embodiments of this disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of an antenna module based on some implementation schemes;

[0024] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A close-up view of the RX section of the antenna module;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a plan view of the antenna module based on other implementation schemes;

[0026] Figure 4 Is it through Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the RX section of the antenna module;

[0027] Figure 5 Is it through Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the TX section of the antenna module;

[0028] Figure 6 yes Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the alternative RX section of the antenna module, in which the isolation groove varies in depth;

[0029] Figure 7 It is a comparison Figure 5 The signal strength at each angle of the implementation scheme and Figure 6 A graph showing the signal strength at each angle of the proposed implementation scheme;

[0030] Figure 8 yes Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of the replacement TX section of the antenna module;

[0031] Figure 9 It is a comparison Figure 5 The signal strength at each angle of the implementation scheme and Figure 8 A graph showing the signal strength at each angle of the proposed implementation scheme;

[0032] Figure 10 This is a perspective view of yet another example of an antenna module according to some other implementation schemes;

[0033] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 A close-up view of the TX section of the antenna module; and

[0034] Figure 12 yes Figure 10 A plan view of the antenna module, showing its connection to... Figure 10 The sides shown are opposite each other. Detailed Implementation

[0035] It will be readily understood that, as generally described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, the components of this disclosure can be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations. Therefore, the following more detailed description of embodiments of the apparatus is not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure, but merely to illustrate possible embodiments of the disclosure. In some cases, well-known structures, materials, or operations have not been shown or described in detail.

[0036] As used herein, the term “substantially” refers to the complete or nearly complete extent or degree to which an action, characteristic, attribute, state, structure, item, or result functions as indicated. For example, a “substantially” cylindrical or “substantially” vertical object would mean that the object / feature is cylindrical / vertical or nearly cylindrical / vertical in order to produce the same or nearly identical function. The exact permissible degree of deviation provided by this term can depend on the specific context. The use of “substantially” also applies when used in a negative sense to refer to the complete or nearly complete absence of an action, characteristic, attribute, state, structure, item, or result. For example, a structure “substantially lacking” a bottom would completely or nearly completely lack a bottom, such that the effect is practically the same as completely lacking a bottom.

[0037] Similarly, as used herein, the term “about” is used to provide flexibility toward the endpoint by allowing a given value to be “slightly above” or “slightly below” the endpoint of a numerical range, while still fulfilling the functions associated with the range.

[0038] The embodiments of this disclosure can be best understood by referring to the accompanying drawings, wherein like parts may be denoted by like reference numerals. It will be readily understood that, as generally described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, the components of the disclosed embodiments can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of embodiments of the apparatus and methods of this disclosure is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed disclosure, but merely to illustrate possible embodiments of the disclosure. Furthermore, unless otherwise stated, the steps of the method do not necessarily need to be performed in any particular order or even sequentially, nor do they need to be performed only once. Additional details regarding certain preferred embodiments and implementations will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] Figure 1 An antenna and / or waveguide assembly 100 is depicted, which wholly or partially defines one or more waveguides therein, and may include, for example, a portion of an antenna module that may include one or more antennas. Therefore, according to some embodiments, the waveguide / antenna / sensor assembly 100 may be incorporated into or otherwise used with a vehicle sensor, such as a radar sensor assembly.

[0040] like Figure 1As depicted herein, component 100 includes portions (such as layers, castings, and / or blocks) that include and / or define a series of antenna slots and / or recesses configured to transmit, receive, and / or modify electromagnetic signals. In the depicted embodiment, a body 110 comprising such slots / recesses is depicted, having a series of mounting tabs 112 projecting therefrom. Any of the various slots, recesses, waveguides, or other structures and / or features described herein may be formed directly into body 110, such as by means of a die-casting mold, or may be formed as one or more layers or other structures coupled to body 110.

[0041] In the depicted embodiment, component 100 includes a receive or “RX” segment 115 and an adjacent transmit or “TX” segment 117. The RX segment 115 includes a series of elongated slots, each of which is positioned and configured to receive electromagnetic radiation passing through it, and can therefore be considered an example of an “antenna structure” of component 100. However, it should be understood that in alternative embodiments, one or more slots or another antenna structure may be formed in another part of the component / module and / or formed in an alternative manner. For example, in some embodiments, the slot may be formed within a cover / plate or other separate layer that may be coupled to one or more adjacent waveguides, rather than incorporating the waveguides into the same monolithic structure defining the antenna slot, as is the case in the preferred embodiments disclosed herein.

[0042] The RX segment 115 of component 100 includes four elongated antenna slots 120A, each of which is spaced apart from one or more adjacent slots 120A and has various other functional features spaced throughout the segment 115 and / or otherwise spaced apart, as discussed in more detail below. More specifically, a series of antenna recesses 130A are formed adjacent to the aforementioned antenna slots 120A of the RX segment 115.

[0043] Antenna recess 130A extends parallel to, or in other embodiments at least substantially parallel to, antenna slot 120A. Furthermore, unlike antenna slot 120A (which extends all the way through the structure of the component 100 it forms (such as waveguides and / or antenna blocks or layers)), antenna recess 130A extends into such a structure but not completely through it (hence the use of the term "recess" instead of "slot"). However, as previously mentioned, in some embodiments, structures designed to modify one or more aspects of the electromagnetic signal in the antenna slot may also include a slot. Such slots are referred to herein as "auxiliary slots".

[0044] Each antenna recess 130A also at least substantially simulates one or more (in the depicted embodiments, all) of the antenna slots 120A in length. As discussed in conjunction with other embodiments below, some antenna recesses are configured to simulate, or at least substantially simulate, one or more of the antenna slots 120A in both length and width. However, the antenna recess 130A of component 100 simulates or resembles the antenna slot 120A only in length and is primarily configured to isolate the antenna recess 130A from its surrounding environment, which can be used to reduce bearing errors and reduce the antenna pattern to decrease the field of view. Therefore, the antenna recess 130A may be referred to herein as an "antenna isolation recess".

[0045] The TX segment 117 of component 100 includes antenna slots 120B at opposite ends of segment 117, and further includes a high-gain, deflected antenna 140 between these opposite antenna slots 120B. Antenna 140 includes an array of radiating slots 142 formed in portions thereof (such as the top layer). In the depicted embodiment, this array is formed as parallel columns offset from each other. Thus, a first column (such as the column shown on the left side of antenna 140) may include slots 142 spatially adjacent to adjacent slots 142 in adjacent columns. The pattern of the alternating / offset columns may be repeated throughout the array, such that... Figure 1 As shown, slots 142 from an array of columns having intermediate columns can be aligned with slots from columns, and so on. However, it is conceivable that in other embodiments, the array of slots 142 may comprise columns and / or rows aligned with each other, rather than offset relative to adjacent columns and / or rows.

[0046] although Figure 1 Although not shown, it is conceivable that antenna 140 may include various waveguides or may exist in... Figure 1 Other features below the layer shown. For example, each antenna slot in the antenna slot may include an associated waveguide, which may include a “groove-like” waveguide defined by solid opposing sidewalls, or, as discussed later, a waveguide formed by several rows of adjacent cylindrical members forming the waveguide therebetween. In an embodiment where the waveguide is formed by several rows of cylindrical members, two rows of cylindrical members may form the waveguide therebetween, or alternatively, multiple rows of adjacent cylindrical members may be positioned on either side of the waveguide defined therebetween.

[0047] Similarly, a waveguide can be formed beneath antenna 140 to feed an array of radiation slots 142. In some embodiments, this waveguide may include a self-feeding waveguide that can be formed within a tunnel formed within the body or other portion of antenna 140. A series of feed slots may also be formed along this waveguide to allow electromagnetic energy to be introduced from the waveguide into another waveguide, such as a parallel-plate waveguide formed between the upper surface of antenna 140 and, for example, the lower surface of a cover, which may include... Figure 1 The visible layers. These feed slots can be arranged in a straight line and are preferably located near the center of the tunnel waveguide, but not exactly along the center of the waveguide.

[0048] Additionally, in some embodiments, an array of protrusions may be formed within the underlying structure of antenna 140. In some such embodiments, like slot 142, these protrusions may be formed in an array with offset columns. In a preferred embodiment, these protrusions may also have one or more parameters associated with slot 142. For example, the protrusions may have the same shape, substantially the same shape, or at least a similar shape as slot 142. However, preferably, one or both of slot 142 and the underlying protrusions may elongate in one direction to provide an identifiable elongated axis. Therefore, for example, a circular shape may be preferred to avoid.

[0049] It is also preferable that the protrusions have the same or similar dimensions relative to the slot 142. Thus, while it is preferable that they have the same or at least substantially the same dimensions (within about ±15% of one or more dimensions such as length, width, and / or area / footprint), it is conceivable that in some embodiments, one or more of the length, width, and area of ​​the protrusions may be between about 50% and about 150% of the corresponding length, width, and / or area of ​​the slot 142.

[0050] As another preferred matching parameter, preferably, most or all of the protrusions are positioned directly or at least substantially directly below the corresponding slot 142. However, it is contemplated that in some embodiments, the positioning of each protrusion may be slightly offset relative to one or more (in some cases, each) corresponding slots 142 (preferably less than about 0.5 mm in automotive applications; for other applications, such as those using radiation at frequencies of about 30 GHz, for example, the offset may be 1 mm or more). Additionally, while it is preferred to have an equal number of protrusions as slots 142, it is contemplated that some protrusions may be omitted. Furthermore, in some embodiments, protrusions may be omitted entirely. However, when present, it is preferred that a sufficient number of protrusions be formed such that there are an equal number of columns and / or rows of protrusions as columns and / or rows of slots 142.

[0051] Preferably, when present, for automotive applications operating in the frequency range of 76 GHz–81 GHz, the height of the protrusion is between approximately 0.1 mm and approximately 0.4 mm. However, as those skilled in the art will understand, the height of the protrusion can vary depending on the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation used. The height used can also vary depending on the desired use of the antenna, as the height of the protrusion can be used as a parameter to control the amplitude and / or phase of the excitation of the radiation slot 142 and / or can be used to guide the skew of the main lobe of the antenna, the shape of the main lobe, and / or the level of the side lobes and / or the grating lobes. Preferred dimensions of the protrusion can be identified using 3-D simulation software (such as HFSS) and can be selected from the results of various simulations or through an optimization process.

[0052] The desired dimensions of the radiation slot 142 of the deflection antenna 140 can be found using, for example, 3-D simulation software. While the position of the slot 142 is preferably synchronized with the position of the protrusions so that they are aligned with each other, the slot-to-slot distance (and protrusion-to-protrusion distance) is preferably constant (although it may be non-uniform in other anticipated embodiments, which provides another degree of freedom to form the desired radiation pattern) and can vary from about a quarter of the wavelength of the parallel plate waveguide to approximately the full wavelength. This distance can effectively affect the deflection angle and can therefore be a fundamental design parameter for determining the deflection value. The slot-to-slot distance (and protrusion-to-protrusion distance) in the vertical direction is also preferably constant and can be, for example, about half the wavelength of the wave propagating in the internal tunnel waveguide mentioned above.

[0053] In the depicted embodiments, the number of feed slots from the tunnel waveguide is equal to the number of columns of protrusions and / or the number of columns of radiation slots 142. However, as will be apparent from the overview of all embodiments disclosed herein, this is not necessarily the case for all intended embodiments. Furthermore, the size / footprint of the feed slots may be the same as or at least substantially the same as the size / footprint of the protrusions and / or radiation slots 142, but not always.

[0054] For some applications, it may also be preferable that the tunnel / internal waveguide is positioned adjacent to the outer edge of the antenna 140, rather than at or near the center. Although there are anticipated implementations where the internal waveguide is not positioned adjacent to the outer edge of the antenna 140, it is thought that if such a modification is made, some parameters of component 100 may need to be adjusted.

[0055] It is also preferable to have all the protrusions and / or radiating slots 142 positioned on one side of the feed slot from the inner / tunneling waveguide. However, it is contemplated that in some embodiments, one or more protrusions and / or radiating slots 142 may alternatively be positioned on opposite sides of these feed slots and / or the inner / tunneling waveguide. However, it is preferable, at least a majority of the radiating slots 142 and (when present) the protrusions are positioned on one side of the inner / tunneling waveguide and / or feed slot, which can be facilitated by placing the inner / tunneling waveguide adjacent to the peripheral edge, as previously mentioned. Thus, in a preferred embodiment, at least 90% of the radiating slots 142 and / or protrusions are positioned only on one side of the inner and / or tunneling waveguide and / or feed slot.

[0056] Further details regarding the various alternative embodiments of the deflected antenna assembly that can be used to create antenna 140 can be found in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 17 / 206,599, filed March 19, 2021, entitled Parallel Plate Slot Array Antenna with Definite Beam Squirrel, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0057] Various recesses formed along the TX segment 117 are also shown, all of which can be considered as isolation recesses in the depicted embodiment. Thus, a single recess 130B is positioned at opposite ends of segment 117. Additionally, another isolation single recess 130B is positioned adjacent to the antenna 140 on its opposite side. Therefore, isolation recesses 130B are positioned on either side of each antenna slot 120B and on either side of the high-gain, deflected antenna 140. An additional isolation recess 132 is formed at each opposite end of each antenna slot 120B, which, in an alternative embodiment, extends perpendicular to or at least substantially perpendicular to the antenna slot 120B.

[0058] By providing two different types of TX antennas, it is possible to provide two different TX modes in the associated sensor assembly. Thus, for example, a high-gain, deflected antenna 140 can be used for long-range detection, which can be particularly useful for positioning in the front region of a vehicle. A specific deflection can be selected by changing various parameters to guide the beam in the desired direction. The second mode can be associated with the use of a wide antenna slot 120B on either side of the deflected beam antenna 140.

[0059] like Figure 2As shown in the close-up view, multiple isolation recesses 130A may be positioned between some adjacent antenna slots 120A, or in other anticipated embodiments, between all adjacent antenna slots 120A. Thus, in the depicted embodiment, a single isolation recess 130A may be positioned at the first end of the RX segment 115, and a pair of isolation recesses 130A may be positioned at opposite ends adjacent to the TX segment 117. This reduces coupling between the TX segment 117 and the RX segment 115, which can improve the signal-to-noise ratio and / or improve range. Additionally, a single isolation recess 130A is positioned between two central antenna slots 120A, but multiple isolation recesses 130A are positioned between these antenna slots 120A and the outermost antenna slot 120 of the RX segment 115. This can help reduce overall coupling / interaction between adjacent antennas, which can, for example, improve bearing estimation.

[0060] In some embodiments, the width of the isolation grooves 130A and / or 130B can be between about 0.4 mm and about 1.0 mm, and their depth can be between about 0.7 mm and about 1.0 mm. In a particular preferred embodiment, the isolation groove can be about 0.5 mm wide and about 0.75 mm deep.

[0061] Of course, as those skilled in the art will understand, various alternatives are possible. For example, if desired, multiple isolation recesses and / or auxiliary slots can be positioned between each adjacent antenna and / or antenna slot. Similarly, different numbers of isolation recesses and / or antenna slots can be used as needed. These specifications can be determined by the recess width and spacing and / or the space available between the antennas.

[0062] Figure 3 Alternative embodiments of the waveguide / antenna / sensor assembly 200 are depicted. As previously mentioned, assembly 200 includes various antenna slots and recesses. Additionally, assembly 200 further includes one or more antenna recesses, wherein each of the one or more antenna recesses is positioned adjacent to at least one of the one or more antenna slots, and wherein each of the one or more antenna recesses is designed to resemble the one or more antenna slots without extending through the antenna recess to resemble the structure formed by the antenna slot.

[0063] More specifically, component 200 includes a body 210, which may include castings, layers, etc. Component 200 further includes an RX segment 215 and a TX segment 217. The RX segment 215 includes four antenna slots 220A. Each of the four antenna slots 220A has substantially the same shape—i.e., the same length and width. However, three of the antenna slots 220A are aligned with each other—i.e., they begin and end at the same point along the structure they form—and the last antenna slot (220A') is vertically shifted. An elevation bearing can be calculated using a vertically shifted antenna.

[0064] An array of isolation recesses 230A is positioned adjacent to each antenna slot 220A and between each pair of adjacent antenna slots 220A. In the depicted embodiment, five isolation recesses 230A are positioned on the outer edge of the RX segment 215, and subsequently, four isolation recesses 230A are positioned between each subsequent pair of adjacent antenna slots 220A. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the number of isolation recesses 230A used can vary depending on the desired outcome; however, as shown in the depicted embodiment, a larger number of isolation recesses 230A can be used to demarcate or adjoin portions of the component 200 at boundaries such as the outer boundary of the component 200 and / or the boundaries between different functional portions of the component 200.

[0065] It is also worth noting that the isolation groove 230A is substantially longer and thinner than the antenna slot 220A. Furthermore, the first three (from...) Figure 3 From the perspective of the figure (starting from the left side), the lower ends of the adjacent array of antenna slot 220A and isolation groove 230A are aligned, and the upper ends of the adjacent array of fourth antenna slot 220A' are aligned with those of isolation groove 230A.

[0066] like Figure 3 As shown, the recesses 230A arranged in a relatively dense array can help isolate adjacent antennas from each other and / or improve bearing estimates for both azimuth and elevation angles. These recesses can also be configured to reduce ripple in the azimuth pattern. In some embodiments, the width of the isolation recesses 230A can be between about 0.4 mm and about 1.0 mm, and its depth can be between about 0.7 mm and about 1.0 mm. In a particular preferred embodiment, the isolation recesses can be about 0.5 mm wide and about 0.75 mm deep.

[0067] Despite from Figure 3In plan view, recess 222A appears similar to antenna slots 220A and 220A'. However, it should be understood that, unlike these antenna slots 220A and 220A', recess 222A does not form an opening that extends through the structure / layer formed by each of these features. Therefore, this recess 222A should be considered similar to or analogous to antenna slots 220A and 220A', without actually including the slots. Thus, recess 222A can be considered a "pseudo" or "parasitic" slot, which in some cases can be used in conjunction with the aforementioned isolation recesses to better match the shifted antenna slot 220A' with its adjacent antenna slot 220A. The term "parasitic" antenna can be used to indicate the positioning of these recesses next to functional antennas (such as at the ends of an antenna array) such that the last (and first) antenna on the array "sees" a similar surrounding environment relative to the antennas in the middle of the array. In this way, edge antennas may be able to achieve similar performance to the rest of the antennas in the array.

[0068] However, it should be understood again that in alternative implementations, the groove 222A may instead extend all the way through the structure / layer it forms, and thus may be considered as an “auxiliary slot” that may serve the same or similar purpose.

[0069] Additionally, comparing the detection received from the shifted antenna slot 220A' with detections from other antenna slots 220A (such as antenna slots 220A adjacent to the shifted antenna slot 220A') can be used to estimate the elevation bearing. For example, the better the shifted antenna slot 220A' matches one or more adjacent antenna slots 220A, the better the elevation bearing estimation will be.

[0070] As previously mentioned, component 200 further includes a TX segment 217. The TX segment 217 also includes a plurality of antenna slots 220B, a plurality of recesses 230B, and a plurality of “dummy” or analog recesses 222B, which, as mentioned, unlike antenna slots 220B, may be configured preferably, in both length and width, but most preferably, in width, to match or at least substantially resemble antenna slots 220B, but not extend all the way through the structure they form.

[0071] In the depicted embodiment, there are three TX antenna slots 220B, each of which has a pair of adjacent recesses 230B, one recess located on either side. Additionally, a single analog recess 222B is positioned at each opposite end of the previously mentioned outermost single recess 230B. These recesses 222B again analog / match the antenna slots 220B without extending all the way through the structure they form. Therefore, it may be desirable to include at least one peripheral analog recess 222B on or adjacent to each opposite end of the outermost antenna slot 220B of the TX segment 217 and / or the TX segment 217 itself. It should be understood that, if desired, more than one isolation recess may be located adjacent to and / or on either side of each antenna slot 220B.

[0072] Additionally, the array of additional recesses 230B is positioned on the outermost edge opposite to the analog recess 222B. The array of recesses 230B on the left, located between the TX segment 217 and the RX segment 215, can be considered as part of either segment. Four recesses 230B are positioned to the right of the TX segment 217, thus depicting the outermost edge of this functional segment, while three recesses 230B are positioned to the left between the TX segment 217 and the RX segment 215, thus again considered as the middle segment or functional part of either of these segments.

[0073] The TX groove 230B is preferably not as deep as the RX isolation groove. These TX grooves can be used to manipulate the interaction between adjacent slots and form an azimuth pattern. Their depth can be adjusted to adjust the interaction between antennas in a way that optimizes the pattern. They can act as delay elements or additional scatterers.

[0074] Despite Figure 3 While not visible in the text, in some embodiments, one or more of the various recesses 230B (and / or isolation recesses 230A) may have a different depth than one or more of the other isolation recesses. For example, in some embodiments, shallower recesses may be distributed throughout component 200 or may be any embodiment of other embodiments depicted and / or described herein. In some such embodiments, shallower recesses may be found primarily or specifically in TX section 217.

[0075] For example, in a particular intended embodiment, each recess 230B immediately adjacent to the antenna slot 220B may be shallower than some, most, or all of the other isolation recesses. Additionally, one recess (or in other intended embodiments, multiple recesses) in an array of recesses 230B on one or both outer ends of the TX segment 217 may be shallower than the other recesses 230B in such an array and / or shallower than the isolation recesses 230A in the RX segment 215. Preferably, the shallower isolation recesses 230A in these arrays consist only of the innermost isolation recess 230A. For example, in Figure 2 In one embodiment, the individual innermost isolation groove 230A in each of the outermost arrays of the outermost arrays adjacent only to and outside the dummy / slot simulated groove 222B can be shallower than the others. In a preferred embodiment, these shallower grooves can be between about 20% and about 60% deeper than the other grooves. Thus, in an embodiment where the deeper groove is about 0.75 mm deep, the shallower groove can be about 0.5 mm deep. These depth differences are... Figure 4 It is visible in the sectional view.

[0076] Figure 4 The waveguide structure formed on the opposite surface (lower) / side of component 200 is further shown. Although Figure 4 The distance scale shown can be used in certain preferred embodiments and should also be considered applicable. Figure 5 However, it should be understood that the distances shown can vary widely depending on the specific application field and preferred characteristics.

[0077] Figure 5 It is from the opposite side of component 200 relative to Figure 4 Another cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the component, taken from opposite sides, and thus primarily depicts the structure and features of the TX segment 217 of component 200. Therefore, this figure better illustrates the relative depths and locations of the various grooves and slots (including groove 230B, antenna slot 220B, and dummy / slot analog groove 222B) of the TX segment 217.

[0078] As best seen in this figure, some recesses 230B may be deeper than others. Therefore, the three outermost recesses 230B are substantially deeper than those recesses 230B located between adjacent antenna slots 220B and those between the dummy / slot simulation recess 222B and the antenna slot 220B. Thus, these recesses 230B can be considered isolation recesses. Additionally, one recess (the innermost recess 230B) in the outermost array of recesses 230B is also substantially shallower than the remaining recesses 230B in that array. However, it should be understood that in alternative embodiments, more than one isolation recess in these boundary arrays (whether or not forming the boundaries of components and / or functional segments of components, such as between RX and TX segments) may be shallower. For example, two (preferably inner) recesses 230B in one or more arrays may be shallower, and three (or more; preferably outer) recesses 230B may be deeper. However, preferably, the number of deeper grooves in these boundary arrays is greater than the number of shallower grooves, and preferably the deeper grooves are located outside the shallower grooves.

[0079] In this particular embodiment, for the TX segment, the shallow recess can act as a tuning element that advantageously modulates the interaction between the antennas so that a wide pattern can be produced, while the deeper outer recess 230B can be configured to isolate the TX antenna from its surrounding environment (the RX antenna and / or the edges of the housing and / or components).

[0080] Figure 6 A view of an alternative embodiment of the waveguide / antenna / sensor assembly 300 is presented. This embodiment is similar to assembly 200, and... Figure 6 The view and Figure 4 The view of component 200 shown is the same. Therefore, component 300 again includes a body 310, which may include castings, layers, etc. Component 300 may further include RX segments and TX segments (but in this view, mainly the RX segments are shown).

[0081] Similar to component 200, the RX segment of component 300 includes four antenna slots 320A. Each of the four antenna slots 320A has substantially the same shape—that is, the same length and width. However, three of the antenna slots 320A are aligned with each other—that is, they begin and end at the same point along the structure they form—and the last antenna slot (antenna slot 320A') is vertically shifted to align with the adjacent isolation recess 330A at least at its upper end.

[0082] However, unlike component 200, isolation grooves 330A are formed to intentionally vary in depth. More specifically, isolation grooves 330A are formed in an array, some of which contain isolation grooves 330A that vary in depth from one side of each array to the other. Thus, while the outermost array of isolation grooves 330A on the left side of component 310 contains three relatively deep grooves 330A and two gradually shallower grooves 330A located at the outer edge of the array, each array in the other arrays contains isolation grooves 330A that are different from each other. In the depicted embodiment, the leftmost isolation groove 330A of each array is the deepest, the rightmost isolation groove 330A is the shallowest, and the isolation grooves 330A in between gradually decrease in depth from left to right, as shown in the figure. Figure 6 As shown.

[0083] By varying its depth, the groove 330A can serve two purposes simultaneously. Specifically, the groove 330A can be used to form an antenna pattern (or deflection) and also provides isolation between the RX antennas. This can be used to create an intentional deflection within the groove depth, which in turn results in a corresponding deflection in the antenna pattern.

[0084] Other features of component 300 may be similar to those previously mentioned, including providing one or more dummy / slot-like grooves 322A / 322B (and / or auxiliary slots), an isolation groove 330B on the TX segment / side of component 300, and a TX antenna slot 320B. Similarly, it should be understood that these inventive principles, combined with the knowledge of those skilled in the art, can produce various alternative features and embodiments. Furthermore, although... Figure 6 The distance scale shown may be applicable to certain preferred embodiments, but it should be understood that the distances shown (including for the purposes of various groove depths and spacing between various functional elements) may vary widely depending on the field and preferred features of a particular application.

[0085] Figure 7 This is a graph illustrating how varying the depth of the isolation groove, as taught herein, can be used to increase the signal strength at one or more preferred angles. Figure 7 The graph includes representations of the curves in the graph. Figures 3 to 5 The line 50 depicts the signal strength (y-axis) at a specific angle (x-axis) of component 200. As discussed above, for comparative purposes, Figure 7 It also includes another line 60 representing the signal strength at each angle of component 300, which has variability in the depth of the isolation recess 330A. As demonstrated by comparison lines 50 and 60, a significant enhancement in signal strength can be achieved by the variable-depth isolation recess at certain angles (such as, for example, particularly the region between about 45 degrees and about 75 degrees).

[0086] Figure 8 It is from the opposite side of component 300 relative to Figure 6 Another cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the component, taken from the opposite side, which may be with Figure 6 The same implementation scheme. Of course, this section or one or more features thereof can be combined with features of any other implementation scheme taught or suggested herein. Thus, for example, if desired, Figure 8 The features can be combined with the RX segment 215 of component 200 and / or one or more of its features, rather than being combined from component 300.

[0087] Figure 8 The main focus is on depicting the structure and features of the TX section of component 300. Therefore, this figure better illustrates the relative depths and locations of the various grooves and slots in the TX section (including the isolation groove 330B, the antenna slot 320B, and the dummy / slot analog groove 322B). However, unlike the TX section of component 200, Figure 8 The TX segment depicted in the text has isolation recesses located between each pair of adjacent antenna slots that have been removed, and in Figure 5 In the embodiment, a boundary isolation recess is located between the slot analog recess 222B and the antenna slot 220B. Finally, one of the shallow isolation recesses in the boundary array has also been removed. It should be noted that these removed recesses are outlined even though they are not technically present in the figures for the purpose of comparison with other embodiments.

[0088] therefore, Figure 8 The TX segment depicted includes an array of three antenna slots 320B, two opposing slot analog recesses 322B (one slot analog recess at each end of the array of antenna slots 320B), and an opposing array of isolation recesses 330B. Again, if desired, one or more of the slot analog recesses can be replaced with similar auxiliary slots.

[0089] Figure 9 This is a graph illustrating how removing and / or adding certain isolation grooves (as taught herein) can be used to increase signal strength at one or more preferred angles. As discussed above, Figure 9 The graph includes representations of the curves in the graph. Figure 8 The line 70 depicts the signal strength (y-axis) at a specific angle (x-axis) of component 300 with some isolation grooves removed. Also, as discussed above, for comparative purposes, Figure 7It also includes another line 80 representing the signal strength at each angle of component 200, which has isolation recesses between each pair of adjacent antenna slots and additional isolation recesses. As demonstrated by comparison lines 70 and 80, a significant enhancement of signal strength at certain angles can be obtained by removing some of the isolation recesses. Therefore, as Figure 9 As shown and in particular Figure 9 The two circular areas can achieve increased signal strength at higher angles (especially between about 75 degrees and about 90 degrees) by sacrificing signal strength at the line of sight (zero degrees).

[0090] Figure 10 Another embodiment of the waveguide / antenna / sensor assembly 400 is depicted. As previously mentioned, assembly 400 includes various antenna slots and recesses. Additionally, assembly 400 further includes one or more antenna recesses, wherein each of the one or more antenna recesses is positioned adjacent to at least one of the one or more antenna slots, wherein each of the one or more antenna recesses (or, in an alternative embodiment, an auxiliary slot) is designed to resemble the one or more antenna slots in the antenna slots, rather than extending through the antenna recess in a structure similar to that formed by the antenna slot.

[0091] More specifically, component 400 includes a body 410, which may include castings, layers, etc., from which mounting tabs 412 protrude, which may allow, for example, component 400 to be mounted in a suitable location on a vehicle.

[0092] Component 400 further includes an RX segment 415 and a TX segment 417. The RX segment 415 may be similar to or identical to the RX segment 215 of component 200. Thus, the RX segment 415 includes four antenna slots 420A, each of which may have substantially the same shape—i.e., the same length and width. However, three of the antenna slots 420A are aligned with each other—i.e., they begin and end at the same point along the structure they form—and the last antenna slot (420A') is vertically shifted.

[0093] An array of isolation recesses 430A is positioned adjacent to each antenna slot 420A and between each pair of adjacent antenna slots 420A. In the depicted embodiment, five isolation recesses 430A are positioned on the outer edge of the RX segment 415 on the left side of the figure, followed by four isolation recesses 430A positioned between each subsequent pair of adjacent antenna slots 420A. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the number of isolation recesses 430A used can vary depending on the desired result; however, as shown in the depicted embodiment, a larger number of isolation recesses 430A can be used to demarcate or adjoin portions of the component 400 to boundaries such as the outer boundary of the component 400 and / or the boundaries between different functional portions of the component 400.

[0094] It is also worth noting that the isolation groove 430A is longer and thinner than the antenna slot 420A. Furthermore, the first three (from...) Figure 10 From the perspective of the diagram (starting from the left side), the lower ends of the adjacent arrays of antenna slot 420A and isolation groove 430A are aligned, and the upper ends of the adjacent arrays of fourth antenna slot 420A' and isolation groove 430A are aligned.

[0095] like Figure 10 As shown, the recesses 430A arranged in a relatively dense array can help isolate adjacent antennas from each other and / or improve bearing estimates for both azimuth and elevation angles. As discussed above, these recesses can also be configured to reduce ripple in the azimuth pattern. In some embodiments, the width of the isolation recesses 430A can be between about 0.4 mm and about 1.0 mm, and its depth can be between about 0.7 mm and about 1.0 mm. In a particular preferred embodiment, the isolation recesses can be about 0.5 mm wide and about 0.75 mm deep.

[0096] Despite from Figure 10 From the perspective view, the recess 422A appears similar to antenna slots 420A and 420A'. However, it should be understood that, unlike these antenna slots 420A / 420A', the recess 422A does not form an opening that extends through the structure / layer formed by each of these features. Therefore, this recess 422A should be considered similar to or mimicking antenna slots 420A and 420A', rather than actually including the slots. Thus, the recess 422A can be considered a "pseudo-slot" or "antenna slot mimicking recess," and in some cases, it can be used in conjunction with the aforementioned isolation recess to better match the shifted antenna slot 420A' with its adjacent antenna slot 420A. Again, alternatively, one or more of the "pseudo-slot" or "antenna slot mimicking recess" can be replaced with one or more auxiliary slots.

[0097] Additionally, comparing the detection received from the shifted antenna slot 420A' with detections from other antenna slots 420A (such as antenna slots 420A adjacent to the shifted antenna slot 420A') can be used to estimate the elevation bearing. For example, the better the shifted antenna slot 420A' matches one or more adjacent antenna slots 420A, the better the elevation bearing estimation will be.

[0098] Component 400 further includes a TX segment 417. The TX segment 417 also includes a plurality of antenna slots 420B, a plurality of recesses 430B, and a pair of “dummy” or analog recesses 422B, which, as mentioned, unlike the antenna slots 420B, may be configured preferably, in both length and width, but most preferably, in at least width, to match or at least substantially resemble the antenna slots 420B, but not extend all the way through the structure they form.

[0099] In the depicted embodiment, there are three TX antenna slots 420B, each of which has a pair of adjacent recesses 430B, one recess located on either side. Additionally, a single analog recess 422B is positioned at each opposite end of the previously mentioned outermost single isolation recess 430B. These recesses 422B again analog / match the antenna slots 420B without extending all the way through the structure they form. It should be understood that, if desired, more than one isolation recess may be located adjacent to and / or on either side of each antenna slot 420B.

[0100] However, unlike the previously mentioned antenna slot and dummy / antenna slot simulated recess, antenna slot 420B is curved or "wavy." More specifically, slot 420B (because they are designed to simulate slot 420B) and recess 422B oscillate back and forth between opposite sides of an elongated axis. Figure 12 As shown, on the opposite side of the depicted component 400, slot 420B is also positioned directly above the corresponding waveguide recess 470B. Conversely, any analog recess, such as recess 422B, can be replaced by an auxiliary slot that, in one or more aspects, can similarly simulate an antenna slot, but unlike recess 422B, extends completely through the structure it forms.

[0101] In the depicted embodiment, a waveguide recess 470A is formed by opposing rows of columnar members 460 on the RX segment 415 of the component 400 that centers the antenna slot 420A.

[0102] It is conceivable that, in alternative embodiments, these waveguides may be formed in the same block / structure as slot 420B or may be formed in a separate structure (such as a layer). In the depicted embodiment, waveguide recess 470B is formed between multiple rows of columnar members 460. However, in alternative embodiments, the waveguide may be formed as a "groove" type waveguide defined by forming recesses defined by continuously opposing walls.

[0103] In the depicted embodiment, a single waveguide recess 470B is defined by two or more opposing rows of cylindrical members 460 on each side of each waveguide recess 470B. However, alternative embodiments using a single row of cylindrical members 460 on either side of each waveguide recess are contemplated, or alternative embodiments using... Figure 12 Other embodiments of the more columnar member 460 depicted in the text.

[0104] Additionally, although this need not be the case for other implementations, in the depicted implementation, each antenna slot 420B is centered or at least substantially centered relative to the adjacent recess 470B and oscillates intermittently toward the opposing wall defined by the column 460.

[0105] Each antenna slot 420B, and each recess 422B further includes phase compensation features to simulate these antenna slots 420B. In the depicted embodiment, this is achieved by applying one or more angled and / or tapered segments (such as tapered recesses or cutouts) along the slot. Thus, the depicted embodiment shows tapered and / or angled segments / surfaces 421 formed along the opposing sidewalls defining each antenna slot 420B and each slot simulating the recess 422B at corresponding points where the oscillation pattern of the respective slot / recess reaches its maximum value.

[0106] These tapered sections 421 may include stepped taper sections or flanges, such as Figure 11 As shown, it may include a smooth transition taper. In other words, a flange may be formed at the starting point of the taper, and therefore the smooth taper between the outer surface of the slot / groove structure and the starting point of section 421 is not defined. The transition of the taper section 421 may be adjacent to the starting point, which is located at the flange of section 421 on the outer surface of the slot / groove structure.

[0107] In some embodiments, all peaks / maxima of the oscillation pattern of slot 420B and / or groove 422B may include phase compensation features, such as taper segment 421. Alternatively, in some embodiments, only a subset of the peaks / maxima defined by slot 420B and / or groove 422B may include such a feature.

[0108] Additionally, slot 420B and / or recess 422B may extend along at least a portion of their respective elongated axes and / or adjacent waveguides (see [link]). Figure 12 The opposite sides of the slot 420B and / or groove 422B oscillate intermittently. In some such embodiments, each tapered surface / segment of at least a subset of the plurality of tapered surfaces / segments 421 may be spaced apart in a manner consistent with the intermittent oscillation of the slot 420B and / or groove 422B. In some such embodiments, all tapered surfaces / segments 421 may be spaced apart in a manner consistent with the intermittent oscillation of the slot 420B and / or groove 422B.

[0109] However, it should be understood that the stepped taper section of component 400 is merely an example for illustrative purposes, and various alternative embodiments are contemplated. For example, although only a single step is used in the taper section 421 of component 400, any number of steps can be used between the one step shown in this embodiment and the effectively infinite number of steps involved in the smooth taper section.

[0110] Each tapered segment 421 of component 400 may include a stepped taper extending between a first edge of the flange formed by the tapered segment 421 (which may be positioned between the outer surface of the structure forming the slot 420B and / or groove 422B and the inner surface of the structure) and a second edge of a concave curved surface (in some cases, a semi-circular concave curved surface), the second edge extending along the outer surface of the aforementioned structure. Again, any number of intermediate steps may be used as needed.

[0111] In a preferred embodiment, these segments / surfaces 421 are positioned such that they alternate and stagger along the opposite slot sidewalls, such that each segment 421 is positioned at a specific point along an axis that runs only along one sidewall of each respective slot 420B and / or recess 422B, as in Figure 11 This is best seen in the image. Furthermore, and even more preferably, each segment 421 is formed along one of the peaks of the respective slot 420B and / or groove 422B of each oscillation. Thus, for example, if the slot defines or at least substantially defines a sine wave, then each segment of 421 is preferably formed along one of the peaks of the sine wave extending toward the axial center of the slot 420B and / or the accompanying waveguide 470B.

[0112] In some embodiments, all of the aforementioned peaks may include phase compensation features, such as taper section 421. Alternatively, only a subset of the peaks defined by each corresponding slot 420B and / or groove 422B may include such a feature.

[0113] In some embodiments, each respective slot 420B and / or recess 422B may intermittently oscillate along at least a portion of its elongated axis on opposite sides of each respective slot 420B, recess 422B, and / or adjacent waveguide 470B. In some such embodiments, each taper surface / segment of at least a subset of the plurality of taper surfaces / segments 421 may be spaced in a manner consistent with the intermittent oscillation of each respective slot 420B and / or recess 422B. In some such embodiments, all taper surfaces / segments 421 may be spaced in a manner consistent with the intermittent oscillation of each respective slot 420B and / or recess 422B.

[0114] Therefore, for example, in some embodiments, each of the plurality of tapered segment surfaces 421 may include a first set of tapered surfaces on a first side of each respective slot 420B and / or recess 422B and a second set of tapered surfaces 421 on a second side of each respective slot 420B and / or recess 422B opposite to the first side. Preferably, the tapered surfaces / segments 421 are alternated such that each tapered surface in the first set of tapered surfaces is positioned adjacent to one or more tapered surfaces in the second set of tapered surfaces along the axis of each respective slot 420B and / or recess 422B, and each tapered surface in the second set of tapered surfaces is positioned adjacent to one or more tapered surfaces in the first set of tapered surfaces along the axis, thereby again preferably alternating back and forth on each respective slot 420B and / or recess 422B.

[0115] Each of the multiple tapered surfaces / segments 421 may include a curved tapered surface, such as Figure 12 As shown. In practice, in the depicted embodiment, each tapered surface / segment of the tapered surface / segment 421 is at least partially defined by a semi-circular cut, which may be formed on the outer surface of each corresponding slot 420B and / or groove 422B as a concave region of a convex area derived from the curve defined by each corresponding slot 420B and / or groove 422B, and may then gradually narrow to a corner, edge, or starting point of the tapered portion. Therefore, preferably, the tapered portion of segment 421 does not extend continuously between the opposing surfaces defining the slot 420B of the structure of component 400, but rather begins at a point between the opposing surfaces of the structure and extends to the upper / outer portion of the slot 420B on the side opposite to the aforementioned waveguide 470B.

[0116] However, in embodiments where one or more taper sections 421 have starting points between opposing surfaces of the defining slot 420B of the structure, from a manufacturing perspective, it may be desirable that the starting point of the taper section 421 be sufficiently spaced from the (typically inner) surface from which the slot 420B originates. Therefore, in some embodiments, the starting point may be located at a point where the distance from the lower / inner and / or starting surface of the slot to the upper / outer and / or ending surface of the slot is not less than 20% or not less than about 20%.

[0117] Other embodiments are contemplated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which the tapered surface / segment 421 may alternatively be straight or non-curved. Additionally, in some embodiments, the curvature of the tapered segment 421 may extend over multiple dimensions. In other words, if desired, a hemispherical curved surface may be formed within one or more segments of these segments 421. Additional details regarding these phase compensation features can be found in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 17 / 370,922, entitled PHASE-COMPENSATED WAVEGUIDES AND RELATED SENSOR ASSEMBLIES, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0118] like Figure 11 Further preferably shown, in some embodiments, the recess 430B may include one or more portions, such as recess portion 432, extending perpendicular to the elongated axis of the slot 420B and / or recess 422B, extending at one or both opposite ends of the recess 432B. Additionally, a portion of one or more recesses 432B may extend into one or both ends of one or more slots and / or recesses in the slot 420B and / or recess 422B, as shown at 433.

[0119] For certain applications and / or implementations, it may be desirable to allow all recesses and / or slots to connect together for ventilation purposes. In other words, this allows air in the recesses and / or slots to be connected to air in the component's housing, which can prevent or at least suppress pressure buildup as the air heats up. If the recesses are not connected to the slots through these channels, air can be trapped in the recesses, which can expand and push against the component's radar radome (in implementations where the component is used, for example, as a vehicle radar sensor).

[0120] Other features of TX segment 417 may be similar to those of other TX segments discussed previously. Therefore, an array of additional recesses 430B can be positioned on the outermost edge relative to the analog recess 422B. As previously discussed, such recesses 430B may or may not include interconnecting recess segments for ventilation.

[0121] The array of recesses 430A on the left side between TX segment 417 and RX segment 415 can be considered as part of either segment. Four recesses 430B are located on the right side of TX segment 417, thus depicting the outermost edge of this functional segment, while three recesses 430A are located on the left side between TX segment 417 and RX segment 415, thus again considered as the middle segment or functional part of either of these segments.

[0122] As mentioned above, although in Figure 10 or Figure 11 While not visible in the text, in some embodiments, one or more of the various recesses 430B (and / or isolation recesses 430A) may have a different depth than one or more of the other recesses. For example, in some embodiments, shallower recesses may be distributed throughout the assembly 400 or may be any embodiment of other embodiments depicted and / or described herein. In some such embodiments, shallower recesses may be found primarily or specifically in TX section 417.

[0123] For example, in a particular intended embodiment, each recess 430B adjacent to the antenna slot 420B may be shallower than some, most, or all of the other recesses. Additionally, one isolation recess (or in other intended embodiments, multiple isolation recesses) in an array of isolation recesses 430B on one or both outer ends of the TX segment 417 may be shallower than the other recesses 430B in such an array and / or shallower than the isolation recesses 430A in the RX segment 415. Preferably, the shallower isolation recesses 430A in these arrays consist only of the innermost isolation recess 430A.

[0124] It is possible Figure 12 The additional elements of component 400 are seen in the relative plan view. For example, in addition to waveguides 470A and 470B generated by the aforementioned rows of cylindrical members 460, Figure 12 Hub region 450 is depicted, from which each of these waveguides originates and / or terminates to allow the transmission and reception of electromagnetic signals. It should be understood that hub region 450 will typically include various electronic components (such as electromagnetic generation chips or other elements) not shown in the figures to avoid obscuring this disclosure. Suitable electromagnetic feed or transition structures may also be used to facilitate the transition of electromagnetic waves / signals to the waveguide recesses as needed.

[0125] It should also be understood that alternative embodiments are contemplated in which the slot 420B and / or groove 422B oscillate in a non-smooth manner. For example, the slot 420B and / or groove 422B may define or at least substantially define a square wave in some intended embodiments.

[0126] Additionally, the tapering portion of section 421 may extend the entire distance between the upper and lower surfaces of the portion / layer / structure defining the slot 420B and / or groove 422B. Alternatively, the tapering portion may begin / stop at a specific point between these two surfaces.

[0127] Various other alternative features / implementations are also conceivable. For example, in some implementations, a series of spaced-apart slots may be provided instead of a single elongated slot for a given waveguide. Such spaced-apart slots may, but do not need to, oscillate. Additionally, the aforementioned tapered / angled segments / surfaces may be formed in some or all of these spaced-apart slots. For example, in some implementations, tapered segments may be formed in each slot, but may alternate on the sides such that each other slot and / or groove has a cut / tapered segment formed on the opposite side relative to the adjacent slot and / or groove. Furthermore, an array of grooves may be formed that, in one or more aspects, resembles or simulates the oscillation of the slots, rather than, for example, providing straight grooves, such as groove 430B.

[0128] As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the antenna / waveguide / sensor assembly incorporated herein by way of the waveguide / antenna structure may also include a PCB or other electromagnetic generating element from which electromagnetic waves can be generated to feed one or more waveguide structures. These elements may be provided in separate layers, or alternatively, may be provided in the same layer.

[0129] It should also be understood that although the block structure shown in the figures is generally shown as a single groove, it can be considered as providing a single “antenna” when coupled with one or more adjacent slots. Any number of waveguide grooves and / or adjacent slots and / or antenna structures can be provided as needed, and each such waveguide and / or waveguide groove can be associated with a different antenna of the antenna block / assembly.

[0130] It should also be understood that while preferred embodiments can be used in conjunction with vehicle sensors such as vehicle radar modules, the principles disclosed herein can be used in a variety of other contexts, such as other types of radar components, including those used in aerospace, maritime, scientific applications, military, and electronic warfare. Other examples include point-to-point wireless links, satellite communication antennas, other wireless technologies such as 5G wireless, and high-frequency test and scientific instruments. Therefore, the principles disclosed herein can be applied to any desired communication subsystem and / or high-performance sensing and / or imaging system, including medical imaging, security imaging and long-range detection, automotive and airborne radar, and enhanced passive radiometers for Earth observation and climate monitoring from space.

[0131] The foregoing description has been described with reference to various embodiments and implementations. However, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. For example, various operational steps and components used to perform operational steps can be implemented in various ways depending on the specific application or consideration of any number of cost functions associated with system operation. Therefore, any one or more steps can be deleted, modified, or combined with other steps. Furthermore, this disclosure should be considered illustrative rather than restrictive, and all such modifications are intended to be included within its scope. Similarly, benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with reference to various embodiments. However, benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any elements(s) that may make any benefit, advantage, or solution occur or become more apparent should not be construed as critical, essential, or necessary features or elements.

[0132] Those skilled in the art will understand that many changes can be made to the details of the above embodiments without departing from the basic principles of the invention. Therefore, the scope of the invention should be defined only by the following claims.

Claims

1. An antenna module, comprising: A waveguide block, the waveguide block including a first surface on a first side of the waveguide block and a second surface on a second side of the waveguide block opposite to the first side; One or more waveguides, the one or more waveguides being formed at least partially along the first surface of the waveguide block; One or more antenna slots, wherein each of the one or more antenna slots is operatively coupled to a waveguide in one or more waveguides, and wherein each of the one or more antenna slots extends through the waveguide block between a first side and a second side of the waveguide block; and A plurality of auxiliary grooves, wherein each of the plurality of auxiliary grooves is positioned adjacent to at least one of the one or more antenna slots, wherein one or more of the auxiliary grooves simulate at least one of the one or more antenna slots in width. Each auxiliary groove in at least one subset of the plurality of auxiliary grooves varies in depth relative to each other auxiliary groove in the subset, and One or more of the plurality of auxiliary grooves have a different length from the one or more antenna slots.

2. The antenna module of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of auxiliary grooves differs from each of the one or more antenna slots in at least one of width and depth, and wherein each of the one or more auxiliary grooves extends into the waveguide block but does not extend completely through the waveguide block.

3. The antenna module of claim 1, wherein a plurality of auxiliary grooves are positioned between at least two adjacent antenna slots in one or more antenna slots.

4. The antenna module of claim 3, wherein each of the plurality of auxiliary grooves varies in depth relative to each adjacent auxiliary slot of the plurality of antenna slots.

5. The antenna module of claim 2, wherein at least one of the one or more antenna slots includes a shift antenna slot, the shift antenna slot being shifted relative to the other antenna slots in a direction corresponding at least to the direction of the elongated axis of at least one of the one or more antenna slots.

6. The antenna module of claim 5, wherein at least a subset of the plurality of auxiliary grooves is longer than each of the one or more antenna slots, wherein a first subset of the one or more antenna slots is aligned at least with a first end of the at least a subset of the one or more auxiliary grooves, and wherein the shifting antenna slot is aligned at least with a second end of the at least a subset of the one or more auxiliary grooves opposite to the first end.

7. An antenna assembly, comprising: waveguide; and Antenna structure capable of being operatively coupled to the waveguide, wherein the antenna structure includes: An antenna slot array, the antenna slot array comprising one or more antenna slots extending between opposing surfaces of an integral structure of the antenna assembly; A first auxiliary groove, positioned at a first end of the antenna slot array, wherein the first auxiliary groove extends into the integral structure but does not extend completely through the integral structure; and An auxiliary groove array comprising one or more auxiliary grooves, wherein each auxiliary groove of the auxiliary groove array differs from the first auxiliary groove in at least one of its length and width, and one or more of the plurality of auxiliary grooves differs in length from the one or more antenna slots.

8. The antenna assembly of claim 7, wherein the antenna slot array comprises a plurality of antenna slots, wherein the auxiliary groove array comprises a plurality of auxiliary grooves, and wherein at least one auxiliary groove is positioned between each adjacent antenna slot of the antenna slot array.

9. The antenna assembly of claim 7, wherein each auxiliary groove of the auxiliary groove array extends into the integral structure but does not extend completely through the integral structure.

10. The antenna assembly of claim 7, wherein the antenna assembly includes a transmitting portion and a receiving portion, wherein the transmitting portion is configured to transmit electromagnetic signals therethrough, and wherein the receiving portion is configured to receive electromagnetic signals therethrough.

11. The antenna assembly of claim 10, wherein the antenna slot array is positioned on the transmission portion, and the antenna assembly further includes a second antenna slot array on the receiving portion, wherein a plurality of auxiliary grooves are positioned between each adjacent antenna slot of the second antenna slot array.

12. The antenna assembly of claim 11, wherein a single auxiliary groove is positioned between each adjacent antenna slot of the antenna slot array.

13. An antenna assembly, comprising: A first antenna array, comprising one or more elongated antenna slots, each elongated antenna slot extending along an elongated axis, wherein each elongated antenna slot of the first antenna array is positioned and configured to deliver electromagnetic radiation therethrough, and wherein each elongated antenna slot of at least a subset of the one or more elongated antenna slots of the first antenna array intermittently oscillates along at least a portion of its respective elongated axis on opposite sides of its respective elongated axis. and An elongated groove, positioned adjacent to at least one of the one or more elongated slots and extending along an elongated axis, wherein at least a portion of the elongated groove oscillates intermittently on opposite sides of its elongated axis. Each elongated groove in at least one subset of the plurality of elongated grooves varies in depth relative to each other elongated groove in the subset, and The lengths of the plurality of elongated grooves differ from those of the one or more elongated antenna slots.

14. The antenna assembly of claim 13, further comprising one or more waveguides, each waveguide extending along a respective elongated axis, wherein each of the one or more waveguides is operatively coupled to a respective elongated antenna slot of the first antenna array.

15. The antenna assembly of claim 13, wherein the elongated groove at least in shape mimics at least one of the one or more elongated antenna slots.

16. The antenna assembly of claim 15, wherein the elongated groove at least in shape mimics each of the one or more elongated antenna slots.

17. The antenna assembly of claim 15, wherein the elongated groove at least mimics at least one of the one or more elongated antenna slots in both width and shape.

18. The antenna assembly of claim 13, wherein the elongated groove extends into the structure defining both the elongated groove and the first antenna array, but does not extend completely through the structure.

19. The antenna assembly of claim 13, wherein the first antenna array includes a plurality of elongated antenna slots, and wherein the elongated slots are positioned at each of the two opposite ends of the first antenna array.

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