A broadband dual-frequency transmissive array unit, antenna and method of use thereof

Abstract

A broadband dual-frequency transmissive array unit, antenna and use method thereof, the transmissive array unit comprises a receiving antenna and a transmitting antenna, a low-frequency unit is arranged at the center of the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna, and a high-frequency unit is arranged around the low-frequency unit; the transmissive array antenna comprises a feed source and the dual-frequency transmissive array unit, and the feed source is arranged above the center of the dual-frequency transmissive array unit; the use method is as follows: when the radiation structure sizes of the low-frequency units are the same, the low-frequency receiving antenna is rotated by 180 DEG, so that the directions of the transmission wave electric fields passing through the receiving antenna are opposite, the transmission amplitude remains basically unchanged before and after rotation, the transmission phase difference is 180 DEG, two different transmission phases correspond to two states respectively, and the high-frequency unit is the same; the radiation structure of the low-frequency and high-frequency units is adjusted to the size of the outer radius of the outer ring, so that the 180 DEG phase shift range is realized, and the above method is combined, so that the 360 DEG phase shift range is realized; the application realizes dual-frequency independent polarization pencil beams, and has the advantages of simple structure, easy processing, low profile, wide frequency band, high aperture efficiency and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of microwave and millimeter-wave antenna technology, specifically relating to a broadband dual-frequency transmission array element, antenna, and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, in order to solve a series of problems caused by long communication distances and complex space environments, it is necessary to use high-gain antennas with good directivity. As a type of high-gain antenna, the transmission array antenna has attracted much attention due to its advantages such as simple manufacturing, no need for complex phased array antenna feeding networks, and avoidance of feeding obstruction by reflection array antennas. In many applications, antennas with a single operating frequency band cannot meet communication needs. In order to broaden the application field of transmission array antennas, the research on dual-frequency transmission arrays is very meaningful. In recent years, the Ka band (downlink: (17.7-21.2) GHz; uplink: (27.5-31) GHz) has attracted great attention. This is mainly because it allows for point beam coverage with frequency reuse, thus resulting in higher capacity. In fields such as dual-link satellite communication, dual-frequency dual-polarization transmission array antennas have broad application prospects.

[0003] Currently, various dual-frequency transmission array antennas have been proposed, each with its own advantages, but also certain shortcomings:

[0004] (1) In 2017, Kien T. Pham and Ronan Sauleau et al. proposed a Ka-band 1-bit dual-frequency dual-linear polarization transmission array antenna. The dual-frequency dual-polarization characteristic of the transmission array antenna is achieved by interleaving elements in the downlink and uplink frequency bands. Test results show that the peak gain of this antenna at 19.5 GHz and 29 GHz is 25.9 dBi and 29 dBi, respectively, with corresponding aperture efficiencies of 21.2% and 20.1%. Due to the use of 1-bit phase compensation, the aperture efficiency of the antenna is relatively low.

[0005] (2) In 2018, Abdul Aziz and Fan Yang et al. proposed a dual-frequency orthogonally polarized transmission array antenna using a three-dipole structure. Both the high-frequency and low-frequency elements are three-dipole structures, and the elements in the two frequency bands are arranged alternately in an orthogonal polarization manner. Test results show that the antenna has a 1dB gain bandwidth of 7.2% and 7.0% at 12.5 GHz and 14.25 GHz, respectively, with peak gains of 31 dBi and 31.8 dBi, corresponding to aperture efficiencies of 45% and 41.3%. The elements are based on multi-layer frequency-selective surfaces, with air layers separating the layers, increasing the antenna's profile height and manufacturing difficulty.

[0006] (3) In 2019, Abdul Aziz and Fan Yang et al. proposed a dual-frequency, dual-polarization transmission array antenna composed of two types of circular ring elements. The different rings can operate independently in different frequency bands, and the elements are symmetrical in the two polarization structures. Test results show that the antenna has peak gains of 30.2 dBi and 32.3 dBi at 12.5 GHz and 14.25 GHz, respectively, and peak aperture efficiencies of 38% and 46%. However, the elements only achieve 300° phase shift compensation.

[0007] (4) In 2021, R. Madi and A. Clemente et al. proposed a 1-bit dual-band dual-linear polarized transmission array antenna operating in the K / Ka band. Elements of different frequency bands are placed on different dielectric layers to form a double-layer structure. Within their respective frequency bands, 1-bit phase quantization is achieved by rotating the receiving antenna by 180°. Simulation results show that the antenna has peak gains of 21.4 dBi and 23.4 dBi at 19.5 GHz and 29.1 GHz, respectively, corresponding to aperture efficiencies of 25.1% and 20%, and 1 dB gain bandwidths greater than 19.8% and 12%, respectively. This placement of the dual-band elements increases the antenna's profile height, and the 1-bit phase compensation method also results in lower aperture efficiency.

[0008] Based on the above analysis, the problems and shortcomings of the existing technology are as follows:

[0009] 1. Existing dual-frequency transmission array antennas based on multi-layer frequency selective surface structures have high profiles and narrow bandwidths.

[0010] 2. Existing units that place different frequency bands on the same dielectric layer do not perform 360° full phase compensation. The 1-bit phase quantization method or 300° phase compensation adopted will result in relatively low antenna aperture efficiency.

[0011] 3. The existing double-layer structure, which places units of different frequency bands on different dielectric layers, will cause interaction between the two layers, affecting the antenna performance, resulting in a high antenna profile, and the double-layer structure is difficult to align and has high manufacturing cost.

[0012] The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is as follows:

[0013] To reduce the cross-section of the transmission array elements, a simple antenna structure is designed.

[0014] We seek a new phase compensation method that can achieve 360° phase compensation while widening the transmission bandwidth of the unit, thereby improving the aperture efficiency of the antenna. Summary of the Invention

[0015] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a broadband dual-frequency transmission array element, antenna, and its usage method. Phase shifting is achieved through a combination of polarization rotation and variable size, realizing the required 360° phase shift in both low and high frequency bands. By performing continuous 360° phase compensation on both low and high frequency elements, gain loss caused by quantization phase is avoided, achieving high aperture efficiency. C-shaped slots are opened on the circular patch of the radiating structure, creating coupling at the connection between the ring and the circular patch, thus widening the bandwidth of the element. The broadband dual-frequency transmission array antenna of the present invention has a relatively simple structure, stable performance, is easy to manufacture, reduces costs, and is suitable for applications such as dual-link satellite communication.

[0016] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0017] A broadband dual-frequency transmission array unit includes a receiving antenna 1 and a transmitting antenna 2. A low-frequency unit 3 and a high-frequency unit 5 are provided at the top of the receiving antenna 1 and at the bottom of the transmitting antenna 2, respectively. The low-frequency unit 3 and the high-frequency unit 5 are arranged in the same layer and are arranged alternately in an orthogonal polarization manner.

[0018] The low-frequency unit 3 includes a low-frequency receiving antenna 3-1 disposed on top of the receiving antenna 1 and a low-frequency transmitting antenna 3-2 disposed on the bottom of the transmitting antenna 2. A first metal through hole 4 passes through between the low-frequency receiving antenna 3-1 and the low-frequency transmitting antenna 3-2, and the first metal through hole 4 is located at the center of the low-frequency receiving antenna 3-1 and the low-frequency transmitting antenna 3-2.

[0019] The inner radius r of the outer ring of the low-frequency receiving antenna 3-1 and the low-frequency transmitting antenna 3-2 11 and inner circle radius r 12 The proportional relationship between r and the outer radius r1 of the outer ring is: 11 =0.5·r1, r 12 =r1-0.2.

[0020] The high-frequency unit 5 includes a high-frequency receiving antenna 5-1 disposed on top of the receiving antenna 1 and a high-frequency transmitting antenna 5-2 disposed on the bottom of the transmitting antenna 2. A second metal through hole 6 passes through the high-frequency receiving antenna 5-1 and the high-frequency transmitting antenna 5-2, and the second metal through hole 6 is located at the center of the high-frequency receiving antenna 5-1 and the high-frequency transmitting antenna 5-2.

[0021] The inner radius r of the outer ring of the high-frequency receiving antenna 5-1 and the high-frequency transmitting antenna 5-2 21 and inner circle radius r 22 The proportional relationship between r and the outer radius r2 of the outer ring is: 21 =0.5·r², r 22 = r2-0.4.

[0022] The receiving antenna 1 includes a first dielectric layer 9, an adhesive layer 11, and a metal ground plane 7 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The top of the first dielectric layer 9 is provided with a low-frequency receiving antenna 3-1 and a high-frequency receiving antenna 5-1. The transmitting antenna 2 includes a metal ground plane 7 and a second dielectric layer 10 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The bottom of the second dielectric layer 10 is provided with a low-frequency transmitting antenna 3-2 and a high-frequency transmitting antenna 5-2.

[0023] The radiating structure of the low-frequency unit 3 includes a low-frequency receiving antenna 3-1 and a low-frequency transmitting antenna 3-2, and its structure is a circular patch with a C-shaped slit; the radiating structure of the high-frequency unit 5 includes a high-frequency receiving antenna 5-1 and a high-frequency transmitting antenna 5-2, and its structure is a circular patch with a C-shaped slit. The radiating structure of the low-frequency unit 3 and the radiating structure of the high-frequency unit 5 have different dimensions.

[0024] The present invention also provides an antenna for a broadband dual-frequency transmission array element, including a feed source 8 and a broadband dual-frequency transmission array element. The feed source 8 is located above the center of the broadband dual-frequency transmission array element. The feed source 8 adopts a broadband corrugated horn antenna, and the radiation direction of the feed source 8 is towards the broadband dual-frequency transmission array element.

[0025] The low-frequency unit 3 and the high-frequency unit 5 in the broadband dual-frequency transmission array are arranged in an alternating pattern with orthogonal polarization. The broadband dual-frequency transmission array antenna is composed of N×N low-frequency units 3, (N+1)×(N+1) high-frequency units 5, and feed source 8.

[0026] The present invention also provides a method for using an antenna of a broadband dual-frequency transmission array element, comprising the following steps:

[0027] Step 1: When the low-frequency receiving antenna 3-1 and the low-frequency transmitting antenna 3-2 of the low-frequency unit 3 in the broadband dual-frequency transmission array are the same size, rotate the low-frequency receiving antenna 3-1 of the low-frequency unit 3 by 180° so that the electric field direction of the transmitted wave passing through the receiving antenna 1 is opposite. The transmission amplitude remains basically unchanged before and after the rotation, and the transmission phases differ by 180°. The two different transmission phases correspond to two different states. The same applies to the high-frequency unit 5 in the broadband dual-frequency transmission array.

[0028] Step 2: Adjusting the outer radius of the outer ring of the radiation structure in the low-frequency unit 3 and the high-frequency unit 5 of the broadband dual-frequency transmission array can achieve a phase shift range of 180°. Combined with the method in Step 1, a phase shift range of 360° can be achieved.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0030] 1. The broadband dual-frequency transmission array unit of the present invention avoids the existence of air layers between layers of the multi-layer frequency selective surface structure due to the use of a receive-transmit structure. Moreover, it accommodates units operating in two different frequency bands in the same layer, thereby reducing the profile of the transmission array antenna.

[0031] 2. This invention uses a combination of polarization rotation and variable size to achieve phase shift, realizing the required 360° phase shift in both low and high frequency bands. The dual-frequency transmission array antenna achieved maximum gains of 25.73dBi and 28.1dBi at 20.5GHz and 30GHz, respectively.

[0032] 3. This invention creates C-shaped slots on the circular patch of the radiating structure, enabling coupling at the connection between the ring and the circular patch, thus widening the bandwidth of the element. Therefore, the broadband dual-frequency transmission array antenna achieves a wider bandwidth. The relative impedance bandwidth with a reflection coefficient of less than -10dB at 20GHz and 30GHz is 20.9% (17.5GHz-22.7GHz) and 20% (27GHz-30GHz), respectively. The 1dB gain bandwidth in the low-frequency and high-frequency bands is 13.6% (18.5GHz-21.2GHz) and 10.91% (28GHz-31.23GHz), respectively, and the 3dB gain bandwidth is 26.26% (17.3GHz-22.53GHz) and 17.33% (27.4GHz-32.6GHz), respectively.

[0033] 4. The broadband dual-frequency transmission array antenna of the present invention performs continuous 360° phase compensation on both the low-frequency unit 3 and the high-frequency unit 5, avoiding the gain loss caused by quantization phase, thereby achieving high aperture efficiency, and obtaining peak aperture efficiencies of 72.8% and 48.37% at 19.75GHz and 29.75GHz, respectively.

[0034] 5. This invention places high-frequency and low-frequency units on the same layer, reducing the mutual influence between high-frequency and low-frequency units when placed on two layers, reducing the antenna profile height, and placing high-frequency and low-frequency units orthogonally, thereby solving the mutual coupling problem between units of different frequency bands, avoiding mutual influence and affecting antenna performance.

[0035] 6. In this invention, the low-frequency unit 3 and the high-frequency unit 5 are placed alternately on the same layer, which reduces the profile height and adopts an orthogonal polarization arrangement, thereby reducing the mutual coupling effect between units.

[0036] In summary, the broadband dual-frequency transmission array antenna of the present invention realizes a pencil beam with independent polarization of dual frequencies, has stable performance, and has the advantages of simple structure, easy processing, low profile, wide bandwidth, and high aperture efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the broadband dual-frequency transmission array unit of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 These are schematic diagrams and top views of the unit arrangement of the broadband dual-frequency transmission array element provided in this embodiment of the invention; wherein, Figure 2 (a) is a schematic diagram of the unit arrangement of the broadband dual-frequency transmission array. Figure 2 (b) is a top view of a broadband dual-frequency transmission array element.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a simulation result diagram of the transmission amplitude and transmission phase in the broadband dual-frequency transmission array element, where the width w1 of the connection between the outer ring and the inner circle in the low-frequency element 3 and the width w2 of the connection between the outer ring and the inner circle in the high-frequency element 5 are changed respectively; wherein, Figure 3 (a) is a simulation result of the transmission amplitude and transmission phase of the transmission array antenna element provided in the embodiment of the present invention at different lengths w1 at 20 GHz. Figure 3 (b) is a simulation result of the transmission amplitude and transmission phase of the transmission array antenna element provided in the embodiment of the present invention at different lengths w2 at 30 GHz.

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of other unit structures that can achieve phase shifting, which are based on the same principle as the embodiments of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 5 These are simulation results of the transmission amplitude and transmission phase at different frequency points when r1 and r2 are changed in the broadband dual-frequency transmission array element of this invention; wherein, Figure 5 (a) is a simulation result diagram of the transmission amplitude and phase at low frequency points and nearby frequency points when the broadband dual-frequency transmission array unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention changes r1; Figure 5 (b) is a simulation result diagram of the transmission amplitude and phase at high frequency points and nearby frequency points when the broadband dual-frequency transmission array unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention changes r2.

[0043] Figure 6 This is a simulation result diagram showing the transmission amplitude and phase before and after rotating the receiving antenna of the low-frequency unit 3 and the high-frequency unit 5 in the broadband dual-frequency transmission array of the present invention; wherein, Figure 6(a) is a simulation result diagram of the transmission amplitude and phase of the broadband dual-frequency transmission array unit before and after rotating the receiving antenna of the low-frequency unit 3 at 20GHz, provided in the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 (b) is a simulation result diagram of the transmission amplitude and phase of the broadband dual-frequency transmission array unit before and after rotating the high-frequency unit 5 receiving antenna at 30GHz, provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 7 This refers to the mutual influence between the high- and low-frequency units of the transmission array in this invention; wherein, Figure 7 (a) shows the effect of changing the high-frequency structural parameters of the broadband dual-frequency transmission array unit at 20 GHz on the low-frequency performance of the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 (b) shows the effect of changing the low-frequency structural parameters of the broadband dual-frequency transmission array unit at 30GHz on the high-frequency performance.

[0045] Figure 8 The present invention describes the oblique incidence characteristics of the broadband dual-frequency transmission array element at different frequency points; wherein, Figure 8 (a) is the broadband dual-frequency transmission array element provided in the embodiment of the present invention at 20 GHz. Face to face Simulation results of transmission amplitude and phase under oblique incidence angles within 25°; Figure 8 (b) is the transmission array antenna element provided in the embodiment of the present invention at 30 GHz. Face to face Simulation results of transmission amplitude and phase under surface conditions with oblique incident angles within 25°.

[0046] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of phase compensation of the antenna at different frequency points provided in the embodiments of the present invention; wherein, Figure 9 (a) is a schematic diagram of phase compensation of the antenna at 20 GHz provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 (b) is a schematic diagram of phase compensation of the antenna at 30 GHz provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 10 This is a top view of each layer of the antenna array model provided in the embodiment of the present invention; wherein, Figure 10 (a) is a diagram of the array structure; Figure 10 (b) is a top view of receiving antenna 1; Figure 10 (c) is a top view of metal floor 7; Figure 10 (d) is a top view of transmitting antenna 2.

[0048] Figure 11 This is a simulation result diagram of the antenna reflection coefficient provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 12The figure shows the simulation results of the antenna gain and aperture efficiency near 20GHz provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 13 The figure shows the simulation results of the antenna gain and aperture efficiency near 30GHz provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 14 These are the simulated normalized radiation patterns of the antenna at 20 GHz and 30 GHz provided in this embodiment of the invention; wherein, Figure 14 (a) is the simulated normalized radiation pattern of the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention at 20 GHz; Figure 14 (b) is the simulated normalized radiation pattern of the antenna at 30 GHz provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] In the figure: 1. Receiving antenna; 2. Transmitting antenna; 3. Low-frequency unit; 3-1. Low-frequency receiving antenna; 3-2. Low-frequency transmitting antenna; 4. First metal through-hole; 5. High-frequency unit; 5-1. High-frequency receiving antenna; 5-2. High-frequency transmitting antenna; 6. Second metal through-hole; 7. Metal ground plane; 8. Feed source; 9. First dielectric layer; 10. Second dielectric layer; 11. Adhesive layer. Detailed Implementation

[0053] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0054] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this invention discloses a broadband dual-frequency transmission array unit. The unit consists of three metal layers and two dielectric layers, including a receiving antenna 1 and a transmitting antenna 2. The two antennas share a metal ground plane 7 and are connected by an adhesive layer 11. The radiation structures of the low-frequency unit 3 and the high-frequency unit 5 are both composed of circular patches with C-shaped slots, which are printed on the top of the first dielectric layer 9 and the bottom of the second dielectric layer 10, respectively. The low-frequency unit 3 is composed of a low-frequency receiving antenna 3-1 passing through the metal ground plane 7 and a low-frequency transmitting antenna 3-2 through a first metal through-hole 4. The high-frequency unit 5 is composed of a high-frequency receiving antenna 5-1 passing through the metal ground plane 7 and a high-frequency transmitting antenna 5-2 through a second metal through-hole 6. The first metal through-hole 4 is located at the center of the low-frequency receiving antenna 3-1 and the low-frequency transmitting antenna 3-2, connecting the two antennas to achieve electromagnetic energy coupling. The second metal through-hole 6 is located at the center of the high-frequency receiving antenna 5-1 and the high-frequency transmitting antenna 5-2, connecting the two antennas to achieve electromagnetic energy coupling. Low-frequency unit 3 and high-frequency unit 5 are placed alternately on the same layer, which reduces the profile height. At the same time, in order to reduce the mutual coupling between units, an orthogonal polarization arrangement is adopted.

[0055] Furthermore, the first dielectric layer 9 and the second dielectric layer 10 are made of Taconic TSM-DS, and the adhesive layer 11 is made of FR27-0040-43F.

[0056] The inner radius r of the outer ring of the radiation structure of low-frequency unit 3 11 and inner circle radius r 12 The proportional relationship between r and the outer radius r1 of the outer ring is: 11 =0.5·r1, r 12 =r1-0.2; the inner radius r of the outer ring of the radiation structure of high-frequency unit 5 21 and inner circle radius r 22 The proportional relationship between r and the outer radius r2 of the outer ring is: 21 =0.5·r², r 22 = r2-0.4.

[0057] The present invention also provides an antenna for a broadband dual-frequency transmission array element, including a feed source 8 and a broadband dual-frequency transmission array element. The feed source 8 is located above the center of the broadband dual-frequency transmission array element. The feed source 8 adopts a broadband corrugated horn antenna, and the radiation direction of the feed source 8 is towards the broadband dual-frequency transmission array element.

[0058] The low-frequency unit 3 and the high-frequency unit 5 in the broadband dual-frequency transmission array are arranged in an alternating pattern with orthogonal polarization. The broadband dual-frequency transmission array antenna is composed of N×N low-frequency units 3, (N+1)×(N+1) high-frequency units 5, and feed source 8.

[0059] The present invention also provides a method for using an antenna of a broadband dual-frequency transmission array element, comprising the following steps:

[0060] Step 1: When the low-frequency receiving antenna 3-1 and the low-frequency transmitting antenna 3-2 of the low-frequency unit 3 in the broadband dual-frequency transmission array are the same size, rotate the low-frequency receiving antenna 3-1 of the low-frequency unit 3 by 180° so that the electric field direction of the transmitted wave passing through the receiving antenna 1 is opposite. The transmission amplitude remains basically unchanged before and after the rotation, and the transmission phases differ by 180°. The two different transmission phases correspond to two different states. The same applies to the high-frequency unit 5 in the broadband dual-frequency transmission array.

[0061] Step 2: Adjusting the outer radius of the outer ring of the radiation structure in the low-frequency unit 3 and the high-frequency unit 5 of the broadband dual-frequency transmission array can achieve a phase shift range of 180°. Combined with the method in Step 1, a phase shift range of 360° can be achieved.

[0062] Based on the polarization rotation characteristics in step 1, the cell state itself provides a fixed phase difference. Combined with the variable size method, a 360° phase shift range can be achieved. The combination of the two methods reduces the phase shift required by using only the variable size method, increases the linear range of the overall phase shift curve of the cell, and expands the transmission bandwidth of the cell.

[0063] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the invention, the outline of the transmission array is rectangular, and the high and low frequency units are arranged in an alternating manner. The number of low frequency units 3 in the array is 16×16, and the number of high frequency units 5 is 17×17. The feed source 8 adopts a broadband corrugated horn antenna, and the radiation direction of the feed source 8 is towards the transmission array.

[0064] like Figure 3 As shown, regarding the method of achieving transmission phase shift, taking low-frequency unit 3 as an example, it can be achieved not only by changing the outer radius r1 of the outer ring, but also by changing the width w1 connecting the outer ring and the inner ring, as shown. Figure 3 As shown in (a), as w1 changes from 0.2 mm to 0.6 mm, at 20 GHz, the transmission amplitude is greater than -1.57 dB and a phase shift of 28° is generated.

[0065] Regarding the method of achieving transmission phase shift, taking high-frequency unit 5 as an example, it can be achieved not only by changing the outer radius r2 of the outer ring, but also by changing the width w2 of the connection between the outer ring and the inner ring, such as... Figure 3 As shown in (b), as w2 changes from 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm, at 30 GHz, the transmission amplitude is greater than -1.43 dB and a phase shift of 37.15° is generated.

[0066] like Figure 4 As shown, in addition to the above, there are many other unit structures that can achieve phase shift, such as designing the transition between the outer ring and the inner ring patch as an arc-shaped structure.

[0067] like Figure 5 (a) and Figure 5 As shown in (b), simulation results of the transmission amplitude and transmission phase of the broadband dual-frequency transmission array element of the present invention at 19 GHz, 20 GHz, 21 GHz and 29 GHz, 30 GHz, 31 GHz are given respectively. It can be seen that when r1 changes from 1.7 mm to 2.13 mm, the transmission amplitude remains mostly above -1 dB, and a transmission phase shift of 180° is achieved at 20 GHz. Similarly, when r2 changes from 1.17 mm to 1.41 mm, the transmission amplitude remains mostly above -1 dB, and a transmission phase shift of 180° is achieved at 30 GHz. Moreover, the parallelism between the transmission phase curves corresponding to different frequencies is good, indicating that the element has certain broadband performance in the high-frequency and low-frequency bands.

[0068] like Figure 6 (a) and Figure 6 As shown in (b), simulation results of the transmission amplitude and transmission phase of the broadband dual-frequency transmission array element of the present invention before and after rotating the receiving antenna by 180° at 20GHz and 30GHz are presented respectively. The low-frequency receiving antenna 3-1 before and after rotation corresponds to states A and B, respectively, and the high-frequency receiving antenna 5-1 before and after rotation corresponds to states C and D, respectively. It can be seen that a 180° transmission phase shift is achieved at 20GHz and 30GHz in both the low-frequency element 3 and the high-frequency element 5, and the transmission amplitude remains basically unchanged.

[0069] like Figure 7 (a) and Figure 7 As shown in (b), the effects of the size parameter changes of the high-frequency unit (5) on the transmission amplitude and transmission phase shift of the low-frequency unit 3 at 20 GHz and the size parameter changes of the low-frequency unit 3 on the transmission amplitude and transmission phase shift of the high-frequency unit 5 at 30 GHz are respectively given. It can be found that when the size parameter r2 in the high-frequency band changes, the amplitude curve and phase curve remain basically unchanged in the low-frequency band, indicating that the parameter changes of the high-frequency unit 5 do not affect the low-frequency unit 3. When the size parameter r1 in the low-frequency band changes, the phase curve remains basically unchanged in the high-frequency band, and the amplitude curve remains at about -0.5 dB when r1 is small. When r1 is 2.13 mm, the maximum loss is 1.5 dB. This indicates that the parameter changes of the low-frequency unit 3 do not affect the high-frequency unit 5. This shows that the isolation between the high-frequency and low-frequency units is good, and they can work independently without affecting each other.

[0070] like Figure 8 (a) and Figure 8 As shown in (b), the broadband dual-frequency transmission array element of the present invention is presented at 20 GHz and 30 GHz, respectively. Face to face Simulation results of transmission amplitude and transmission phase at oblique incidence angles within 25° of the surface: at 20 GHz, at the maximum oblique incidence angle, the transmission amplitude of the cell remains above -0.9 dB and the maximum phase error is less than 8°; at 30 GHz, at the maximum oblique incidence angle, the transmission amplitude of the cell remains above -2 dB and the maximum phase error is less than 55°.

[0071] like Figure 9 (a) and Figure 9 As shown in (b), phase compensation schemes for the array at 20 GHz and 30 GHz are given respectively. Based on these schemes, the antenna elements are arrayed. The outline of the transmission array is rectangular. The number of low-frequency elements is 3 (16×16), and the number of high-frequency elements is 5 (17×17). The feed 8 is a broadband corrugated horn antenna, and the radiation direction of the feed 8 is towards the transmission array.

[0072] like Figure 10 As shown, a top view of each layer of the antenna array model of the present invention is given. Figure 10 (a) is a diagram of the array structure. Figure 10 (b) is a top view of receiving antenna 1. Figure 10 (c) is a top view of metal floor 7. Figure 10 (d) is a top view of transmitting antenna 2. It can be seen that the high and low frequency units are arranged alternately, and each high and low frequency unit has two different states.

[0073] like Figure 11 As shown in the figure, the simulation results of the antenna reflection coefficient of the present invention are given. It can be seen that the relative impedance bandwidth of the antenna of the present invention with a reflection coefficient of less than -10dB at 20GHz and 30GHz is 20.9% (17.5GHz-22.7GHz) and 20% (27GHz-33GHz), respectively.

[0074] like Figure 12 As shown, simulation results of the antenna's gain and aperture efficiency at 20 GHz are presented. It can be seen that the dual-frequency transmission array antenna of this invention achieves a maximum gain of 25.73 dBi at 20.5 GHz and a peak aperture efficiency of 72.8% at 19.75 GHz. The 1 dB gain bandwidth is 13.6% (18.5 GHz - 21.2 GHz), and the 3 dB gain bandwidth is 26.26% (17.3 GHz - 22.53 GHz).

[0075] like Figure 13 As shown, the simulation results of the antenna's gain and aperture efficiency at 30 GHz are presented. It can be seen that the dual-frequency transmission array antenna of the present invention achieves a maximum gain of 28.13 dBi at 30 GHz and a peak aperture efficiency of 50.03% at 29.75 GHz. The 1 dB gain bandwidth is 10.91% (28 GHz - 31.23 GHz), and the 3 dB gain bandwidth is 18.23% (27.22 GHz - 32.68 GHz).

[0076] like Figure 14 (a) and Figure 14 As shown in (b), the simulated normalized radiation patterns of the antenna of the present invention in the E-plane and H-plane at 20 GHz and 30 GHz are given respectively. At 20 GHz, the sidelobe levels of both the E-plane and H-plane are below -19.4 dB, and the cross-polarization component is below -30 dB. At 30 GHz, the sidelobe levels of both the E-plane and H-plane are below -20 dB, and the cross-polarization component is below -30 dB, demonstrating a stable radiation pattern and good normal radiation performance.

[0077] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "head," "tail," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0078] The significance of this invention in solving the above problems and defects is as follows:

[0079] 1. Designing a low-profile dual-frequency transmission array antenna has significant practical value and can be applied to miniaturized communication systems;

[0080] 2. Transmission array antennas cannot achieve 360° phase compensation, which will result in low array aperture efficiency. Therefore, achieving 360° full phase compensation can improve the antenna aperture efficiency, meet the requirements of high efficiency performance, and be used in fields such as dual-link satellite communication.

[0081] 3. Solve the mutual coupling problem between units of different frequency bands to avoid mutual interference and affect antenna performance.

[0082] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, and within the spirit and principles of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A broadband dual-frequency transmission array unit, comprising a receiving antenna (1) and a transmitting antenna (2), characterized in that: The top of the receiving antenna (1) and the bottom of the transmitting antenna (2) are provided with a low-frequency unit (3) and a high-frequency unit (5). The low-frequency unit (3) and the high-frequency unit (5) are arranged on the same layer, and the low-frequency unit (3) and the high-frequency unit (5) are arranged alternately in an orthogonal polarization arrangement. The low-frequency unit (3) has a radiating structure of a circular patch with a C-shaped slit, including a low-frequency receiving antenna (3-1) disposed on top of the receiving antenna (1) and a low-frequency transmitting antenna (3-2) disposed on the bottom of the transmitting antenna (2); a first metal through hole (4) is provided between the low-frequency receiving antenna (3-1) and the low-frequency transmitting antenna (3-2), and the first metal through hole (4) is located at the center of the low-frequency receiving antenna (3-1) and the low-frequency transmitting antenna (3-2); The high-frequency unit (5) has a radiating structure of a circular patch with a C-shaped slit, including a high-frequency receiving antenna (5-1) set on top of the receiving antenna (1) and a high-frequency transmitting antenna (5-2) set on the bottom of the transmitting antenna (2); a second metal through hole (6) is provided between the high-frequency receiving antenna (5-1) and the high-frequency transmitting antenna (5-2), and the second metal through hole (6) is located at the center of the high-frequency receiving antenna (5-1) and the high-frequency transmitting antenna (5-2); The radiation structure of the low-frequency unit (3) has different dimensions than that of the high-frequency unit (5); The receiving antenna (1) includes a first dielectric layer (9), an adhesive layer (11) and a metal ground plane (7) arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The top of the first dielectric layer (9) is provided with a low-frequency receiving antenna (3-1) and a high-frequency receiving antenna (5-1). The transmitting antenna (2) includes a metal ground plane (7) and a second dielectric layer (10) arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The bottom of the second dielectric layer (10) is provided with a low-frequency transmitting antenna (3-2) and a high-frequency transmitting antenna (5-2).

2. An antenna comprising a broadband dual-frequency transmission array element as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It includes a feed source (8) and a broadband dual-frequency transmission array unit. The feed source (8) is located above the center of the broadband dual-frequency transmission array unit. The feed source (8) adopts a broadband corrugated horn antenna, and the radiation direction of the feed source (8) is towards the broadband dual-frequency transmission array unit.

3. The antenna of a broadband dual-frequency transmission array element according to claim 2, characterized in that: The low-frequency unit (3) and high-frequency unit (5) in the broadband dual-frequency transmission array unit are arranged alternately in an orthogonal polarization manner. The broadband dual-frequency transmission array antenna is composed of N×N low-frequency units (3), (N+1)×(N+1) high-frequency units (5) and feed source (8).

4. A method of using an antenna for a broadband dual-frequency transmission array element as described in any one of claims 2 to 3, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: When the low-frequency receiving antenna (3-1) and low-frequency transmitting antenna (3-2) of the low-frequency unit (3) in the broadband dual-frequency transmission array unit have the same size, rotate the low-frequency receiving antenna (3-1) of the low-frequency unit (3) by 180° so that the electric field direction of the transmitted wave through the receiving antenna (1) is opposite. The transmission amplitude remains unchanged before and after the rotation, and the transmission phases differ by 180°. The two different transmission phases correspond to two different states. The same applies to the high-frequency unit (5) in the broadband dual-frequency transmission array unit. Step 2: Adjust the outer radius r1 of the low-frequency unit (3) from 1.7 to 2.13 mm to achieve a 180° transmission phase shift at 20 GHz. Adjust the outer radius r2 of the high-frequency unit (5) from 1.17 to 1.41 mm to achieve a 180° transmission phase shift at 30 GHz. Combined with the method in Step 1, a phase shift range of 360° can be achieved.

Images