An efficient rectification device for mixing hydrocarbons

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of chemical distillation technology, specifically relating to a high-efficiency distillation apparatus for mixed hydrocarbons. It includes a distillation column body, a reboiler, a heat exchanger, trays, a downcomer, and a support frame. It also includes a shaft and a cleaning mechanism. The shaft is coaxially fixedly connected to the distillation column body. The shaft has multiple guide blocks symmetrically arranged along its axis, and each guide block is an arc-shaped track. The cleaning mechanism includes a long rod, a cleaning rod, and a guide sleeve. The guide sleeve is slidably coaxially with the shaft, and its inner hole contains a guide ball that engages with the track. The long rod is fixedly connected to the guide sleeve, and the cleaning rod is fixedly connected to the long rod, engaging with a gas vent. This design achieves the opening and cleaning of the gas vents through variations in gas flow, preventing flooding in the distillation column due to vent blockage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of chemical distillation processing technology, specifically relating to a high-efficiency distillation device for mixed hydrocarbons. Background Technology

[0002] Flooding, also known as tray flooding, is an abnormal phenomenon in tray operation with overflow, which severely reduces tray efficiency, causes pressure fluctuations, and results in poor product separation. It manifests as a rise in the liquid level in the downcomer and a rise in the foam layer on the trays, causing the liquid flow between trays to become connected. Flooding is caused by excessive liquid load, insufficient gas load, or an insufficient downcomer area.

[0003] On the market, a tray-type distillation column with patent number CN206881183U includes a column body (1) and several trays (11). The trays (11) divide the column body (1) into several distillation chambers (6). The column is characterized in that: a pressure regulating mechanism is provided between two adjacent distillation chambers (6) on any tray (11). The pressure regulating mechanism includes a horizontal pipe (2) and a branch pipe (3). One end of the branch pipe (3) is connected to the distillation chamber (6), and the other end is connected to the horizontal pipe (2). The horizontal pipe (2) is connected to the next level distillation chamber (6). The horizontal pipe (2) is also provided with a guide ball (21) and an elastic element (23). One end of the elastic element (23) is fixed to the end of the horizontal pipe (2) away from the distillation chamber (6), and the other end is fixedly connected to the guide ball (21). In the initial state, the elastic element (23) is in a relaxed state, and the guide ball (21) is located at the connection between the branch pipe (3) and the horizontal pipe (2), blocking the opening of the branch pipe (3).

[0004] This scheme achieves pressure reduction by connecting the space of two trays on the side, and has the advantages of automatically balancing the pressure difference between different distillation chambers and effectively preventing flooding.

[0005] However, this solution has a problem: it only addresses the symptoms, not the root cause. Flooding occurs when either the gas or liquid intake is too high. Standard intake volumes are calculated precisely, and ideally, flooding shouldn't occur. One reason for these increases is that incomplete filtration of the feed material introduces solid particles and impurities. Additionally, prolonged use causes wear and tear on the tower body and trays, leading to clogged tray pores and downcomers, resulting in imbalance, preventing liquid flow, increasing pressure drop, and ultimately flooding the tower. While this solution balances the temperature difference between the two trays, the pores and downcomers remain clogged, quickly leading to flooding again and impacting efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This solution provides a high-efficiency distillation apparatus for mixed hydrocarbons to solve the problem of pores being blocked by impurities.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this solution provides a high-efficiency distillation apparatus for mixed hydrocarbons, including a distillation column body, a reboiler, a heat exchanger, trays, a downcomer, and a support frame. The distillation column body is provided with a raw material inlet, a gas phase outlet, a liquid phase outlet, and a circulating liquid inlet. The reboiler is connected to the liquid phase outlet and the circulating liquid inlet. The heat exchanger is connected to the gas phase outlet. The trays are provided with gas holes. The trays are fixedly connected to the downcomer. The support frame is fixedly connected to the distillation column body. It also includes a shaft and a cleaning mechanism. The shaft is coaxially and fixedly connected to the distillation column body. The shaft is provided with multiple guide blocks, which are symmetrically arranged along the axis of the shaft. The guide blocks are arc-shaped tracks. The cleaning mechanism includes a long rod, a cleaning rod, and a guide sleeve. The guide sleeve is slidably arranged coaxially with the shaft. The inner hole of the guide sleeve is provided with a guide ball, which cooperates with the track. The spacing between the guide blocks is greater than the diameter of the guide ball. The long rod is fixedly connected to the guide sleeve, and the cleaning rod is fixedly connected to the long rod, and the cleaning rod cooperates with the gas vent.

[0008] The principle of this scheme is as follows: Before flooding occurs in the distillation column, the inside of the distillation column is in state 1, with the cleaning rod inserted into the filter hole. When flooding occurs, the pressure at the bottom of the column increases, the gas flow velocity increases, and the liquid inside the downcomer cannot flow down, causing the lower layer gas pressure to gradually increase. At this time, due to the increased gas pressure, the cleaning rod is lifted by the gas pressure, and the gas flow through the pores blocked by the cleaning rod begins. The long rod and guide sleeve are also lifted along with the cleaning rod. Then, the guide sleeve cooperates with the guide block, enters the guide block, and stops at the guide block by the limiting block, forming state 2.

[0009] At this point, because the downcomer has cleared impurities and increased porosity, the airflow can pass through the trays, and the raw material can also flow down from the downcomer. The gas pressure returns to normal, and the guide sleeve and long rod slide down only under the influence of gravity. Because the guide blocks have a large bending angle and the spacing between each guide block is larger than the diameter of the guide ball, the guide sleeve will deviate at an angle when it falls, causing the cleaning rod to insert into the pores at another angle, cleaning the blocked pores and blocking any excess pores. If there are still pores that have not been cleaned and flooding occurs again, the long rod will rise again due to the gas pressure and rotate at another angle to clean the pores that were not cleaned.

[0010] The beneficial effect of this solution is that it can open and clean the pores by increasing the upward airflow in the early stage of flooding.

[0011] Furthermore, the shaft is equipped with a rotating guide rail, which is an arc-shaped acceleration track that cooperates with a guide ball. The long rod has an internal groove containing a spring and a cleaning block. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to the cleaning block, and the other end is fixedly connected to the groove. The cleaning block is slidably connected to the long rod. When the guide sleeve rises due to airflow, the rotating guide rail provides a rotational force, causing the long rod to rotate. The spring inside the long rod stretches due to centrifugal force, and the cleaning block pops out from inside the long rod, cleaning the inner wall of the downcomer and the inner wall of the distillation column. This effectively prevents the downcomer from becoming clogged with impurities, thus preventing liquid from flowing down.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a pressure gauge, which is fixedly connected to the distillation column body. The pressure gauge is used to control changes in pressure drop inside the distillation column to prevent long-term flooding from causing column closure.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes a temperature monitoring mechanism, which is fixedly connected to the distillation column body. The temperature monitoring mechanism is used to control whether the boiling point inside the distillation column reaches the rectification boiling point, preventing impurities in the distillation results.

[0014] Furthermore, the cleaning rod is equipped with a brush. The brush can better clean the blockages on the air vents.

[0015] Furthermore, the surface of the cleaning block is covered with gauze. The gauze on the surface of the cleaning block enhances the cleaning ability and can wash away impurities that are difficult to clean from the downcomer. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure of a high-efficiency distillation device for mixed hydrocarbons. Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a cleaning mechanism for a high-efficiency distillation unit for mixed hydrocarbons, shown in State 1. Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the cleaning mechanism of a high-efficiency distillation unit for mixed hydrocarbons, shown in State 2. Specific implementation methods The markings in the accompanying drawings include: 1. Top of distillation column; 2. Tray; 3. Vapor outlet; 4. Feed inlet; 5. Circulating liquid inlet; 6. Liquid outlet; 7. Support frame; 8. Distillation column body; 9. Limiting baffle; 10. Guide block; 11. Rotary guide rail; 12. Cleaning block; 13. Spring; 14. Gas vent; 15. Guide sleeve; 16. Cleaning rod; 17. Downcomer; 18. Shaft; 19. Long rod.

[0017] The basic implementation examples are as follows: Figure 1 As shown: This solution provides a high-efficiency distillation apparatus for mixed hydrocarbons, including a distillation column top 1; a column tray 2; a gas phase outlet 3; a raw material inlet 4; a circulating liquid inlet 5; a liquid phase outlet 6; a support frame 7; and a distillation column body 8.

[0018] The top of the distillation column 1 is equipped with a condenser to condense water vapor and create a temperature difference, allowing the gas to flow upwards. The tray 2 is circular with an opening at the edge due to a downcomer 17. The tray 2 has vents 14 for gas to pass through during mixing, enhancing the mixing effect. The vapor outlet 3 is located below the top of the distillation column 1 and is used to collect low-boiling-point mixed hydrocarbons. The feed inlet 4 is located in the middle of the distillation column, and the circulating liquid inlet 5 connects to the reboiler, where the circulating water returned to the bottom of the distillation column for reuse. The liquid outlet 6 is located at the bottom of the distillation column and is used to collect high-boiling-point mixed hydrocarbon liquid. The support frame 7 is a triangular structure used to support the entire distillation column.

[0019] As attached Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown: This solution provides a high-efficiency distillation device for mixed hydrocarbons, including a limiting baffle 9; a guide block 10; a rotary guide rail 11; a cleaning block 12; a spring 13; a vent 14; a guide sleeve 15; a cleaning rod 16; a downcomer 17; a shaft 18; and a long rod 19. The limiting baffle 9 is a small circular ring, fixedly connected to the shaft 18, and located above the guide block 10. The guide block 10 is fixedly connected to the shaft 18 and is a track with a curvature of 70 degrees for a circular array of 5 curved circles. The rotary guide rail 11 is fixedly connected to the shaft 18 and is a track with a curvature of 20 degrees for a circular array of 10 curved circles. The internal circular hole of the guide sleeve 15 is coaxial with the shaft 18, and the guide sleeve 15 contains 10 guide balls arranged in a circular array for sliding into the track. Guide sleeve 15 has long rods 19 fixedly connected to both ends. Inside the long rods 19 are cleaning blocks 12 and springs 13. One end of the spring 13 is fixedly connected to the cleaning block 12, and the other end is fixedly connected to the long rod 19. The bottom of the long rods 19 is fixedly connected to cleaning rods 16. The number of cleaning rods 16 is half the number of vents 14 on the same plane of the tray 2. The diameters of the cleaning rods 16 and the vents 14 are transition-fitted, allowing the cleaning rods 16 to clean stubborn impurities inside the vents 14 when inserted, while also blocking the vents 14 to prevent excessive venting and mist entrainment. Downcomer 17 is fixedly connected to the tray 2 for the raw material to flow to the next tray 2.

[0020] The raw material liquid enters through the raw material inlet 4. The resistance wire at the bottom of the distillation column heats up, causing the circulating water below to evaporate. The condenser at the top of the distillation column 1 starts. According to the principle of gas pressure, the gas will flow from bottom to top. The raw material liquid will also overflow from the middle and flow downward due to gravity and flow rate. The vapor will pass through the gas holes 14 of the tray 2 and mix highly with the raw material liquid to achieve a high-purity distillation effect. This causes the low-boiling-point hydrocarbons to turn into gas and flow out from the gas phase outlet 3 at the top of the distillation column 1. The high-boiling-point hydrocarbon liquid and water flow down with the tray 2 and flow out from the liquid phase outlet 6. Then, the low-boiling-point hydrocarbon gas is removed through the heat exchanger to remove the high-purity low-boiling-point hydrocarbon liquid. The circulating water returns from the circulating gas inlet. The high-boiling-point hydrocarbon liquid and water are removed through the reboiler to remove the high-purity high-boiling-point hydrocarbon liquid. The circulating water enters the bottom of the column again from the circulating liquid inlet for continued use. When no flooding occurs, the cleaning rod 16 blocks part of the gas holes due to gravity, and the inside of the distillation column remains in state 1.

[0021] When pressure imbalance and flooding occur inside the distillation column due to blockage of the vent 14 or downcomer 17, the liquid inside the downcomer 17 cannot flow down, causing the lower layer pressure to gradually increase. At this time, due to the increased pressure, the cleaning rod 16 is lifted by the pressure, and the vent 14 blocked by the cleaning rod 16 begins to allow airflow. The long rod 19 and guide sleeve 15 are also lifted along with the cleaning rod 16, and then a rotational force is provided by the curved track of the rotating guide rail 11. As the long rod 19 rotates, the gas-liquid mixture is stirred, strengthening the gas-liquid mixing intensity. The cleaning block 12 connected to the spring 13 is ejected by centrifugal force, cleaning the wall of the downcomer 17 and the inner wall of the distillation column. Then the guide sleeve 15 cooperates with the guide block 10, enters the guide block 10, and stops at the guide block 10 by the limit stop, forming state 2.

[0022] At this point, because the downcomer 17 has cleared impurities and increased the number of pores 14, the airflow can pass through the tray 2, and the raw material can also flow down from the downcomer 17. The air pressure returns to normal, and the guide sleeve 15 and the long rod 19 slide down due to gravity. Because the bending angle of the guide block 10 is greater than the bending angle of the rotating guide rail 11, when the guide sleeve 15 falls back to the rotating guide rail 11, it will rotate at a fixed angle, causing the cleaning rod 16 to insert into the pores 14 at another angle to clean the blocked pores 14 and block too many pores 14. If there are still pores 14 that have not been cleaned and flooding occurs again, then the long rod 19 will rise again due to air pressure and rotate at another angle to clean the pores 14 that were not cleaned.

[0023] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge regarding specific structures and characteristics is not elaborated upon here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the structure of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency distillation apparatus for mixed hydrocarbons, comprising a distillation column body, a reboiler, a heat exchanger, trays, a downcomer, and a support frame, wherein the distillation column body is provided with a raw material inlet, a gas phase outlet, a liquid phase outlet, and a circulating liquid inlet; the reboiler is connected to the liquid phase outlet and the circulating liquid inlet; the heat exchanger is connected to the gas phase outlet; the trays are provided with gas holes; the trays are fixedly connected to the downcomer; and the support frame is fixedly connected to the distillation column body. Its features are, It also includes a shaft and a cleaning mechanism. The shaft is coaxially fixedly connected to the distillation column body. The shaft has multiple guide blocks, which are symmetrically arranged along the axis of the shaft. The guide blocks are arc-shaped tracks. The cleaning mechanism includes a long rod, a cleaning rod, and a guide sleeve. The guide sleeve is slidably coaxially connected to the shaft. The inner hole of the guide sleeve has a guide ball, which cooperates with the track. The spacing between the guide blocks is greater than the diameter of the guide ball. The long rod is fixedly connected to the guide sleeve. The cleaning rod is fixedly connected to the long rod and cooperates with the gas vent. The shaft has a rotating guide rail, which is an arc-shaped acceleration track and cooperates with the guide ball. The long rod has a groove inside, which includes a spring and a cleaning block. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to the cleaning block, and the other end is fixedly connected to the groove. The cleaning block is slidably connected to the long rod.

2. The high-efficiency distillation apparatus for mixed hydrocarbons according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a pressure gauge, which is fixedly connected to the distillation column body.

3. The high-efficiency distillation apparatus for mixed hydrocarbons according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a temperature monitoring mechanism, which is fixedly connected to the distillation column body.

4. The high-efficiency distillation apparatus for mixed hydrocarbons according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cleaning rod is equipped with a brush.

5. The high-efficiency distillation apparatus for mixed hydrocarbons according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the cleaning block is covered with gauze.

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