Rock breaking method, rock breaking device and heading machine

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of tunneling method or device, and specifically discloses a composite rock breaking method, a rock breaking device and a tunneling machine. The composite rock breaking method first uses the energy of electromagnetic waves or supercritical carbon dioxide jet or liquid nitrogen jet to perform all-around pre-splitting from the periphery to the center or from the center to the periphery on a rock breaking area, so that cracks are generated in the rock mass, and then a cutting rock breaking assembly performs extrusion or deflection rock breaking on the rock breaking area to complete the rock breaking operation in the area. The rock breaking device is used to realize the above-mentioned composite rock breaking method. The tunneling machine comprises the rock breaking device. The present application realizes all-around pre-splitting in the rock breaking area, reduces the strength of the rock mass, improves the rock breaking efficiency, and prolongs the service life of the cutter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of tunneling methods or equipment, and in particular relates to a composite rock breaking method, rock breaking device and tunneling machine. Background Technology

[0002] Complex hard rock formations typically possess extremely high hardness and compressive strength. Traditional roller cutter rock breaking methods suffer from low efficiency, rapid cutter wear, and poor economic returns. To improve efficiency and extend cutter life, various enterprises and research institutions have researched and developed a variety of rock breaking methods and tunneling equipment.

[0003] Patent application CN114876486A (publication date: August 9, 2022) discloses a coal mine roadway tunneling robot. This robot includes a milling mechanism, which comprises an eccentric rotating sleeve, an eccentric shaft, and a roller cutter. The roller cutter can eccentrically oscillate, utilizing the low tensile strength of coal and rock to improve rock-breaking efficiency. However, for complex hard rock strata, relying solely on eccentric milling with the roller cutter still results in low efficiency.

[0004] The invention patent application with publication number CN112796664A (publication date: 2021.05.14) discloses a microwave-assisted supercritical carbon dioxide jet drilling device. The drilling device integrates a microwave generator and a supercritical carbon dioxide jet nozzle into the drill bit, which can assist in rock breaking by using the supercritical carbon dioxide jet and microwave irradiation in combination, thereby improving drilling efficiency.

[0005] Patent application CN115434702A (publication date: December 6, 2022) discloses a microwave-assisted rock-breaking cantilever tunneling machine. This cantilever tunneling machine includes a cutting head arranged along its longitudinal axis, with a microwave heating component integrated on the cutting head. During operation, the microwave heating component swings with the cutting head, preheating the rock and improving rock-breaking efficiency.

[0006] Analysis reveals that the technical solutions described in the invention patent applications with publication numbers CN112796664A and CN115434702A both integrate auxiliary rock-breaking devices into the cutting rock-breaking assembly (drill bit, cutting head, or cutterhead). The working range of these auxiliary rock-breaking devices is limited by the movement range of the cutting rock-breaking assembly. When the cutting rock-breaking assembly rotates or oscillates, rock at certain locations may not be broken in advance, resulting in direct contact between the cutting tool and hard rock, thus the actual rock-breaking efficiency remains low. Furthermore, the energy generated by the auxiliary rock-breaking device while assisting in rock breaking can easily directly impact and damage the cutting tool, reducing its lifespan. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a composite rock-breaking method to solve the technical problems of low rock-breaking efficiency and rapid tool wear in the prior art. A further purpose of this invention is to provide a rock-breaking device and a tunneling machine for implementing the above-mentioned composite rock-breaking method.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the composite rock-breaking method provided by this invention is as follows:

[0009] A composite rock breaking method includes the following steps: (1) using electromagnetic waves or supercritical carbon dioxide jet or liquid nitrogen jet energy to pre-crack the rock breaking area from the periphery to the center or from the center to the periphery, so as to generate cracks in the rock mass; (2) using cutting rock breaking components to squeeze or deflect the rock breaking area to complete the rock breaking operation in the area.

[0010] The beneficial effects are as follows: This invention improves upon existing composite rock-breaking methods that utilize jet or electromagnetic energy for assisted rock breaking. During excavation and rock breaking, electromagnetic energy or jet impact energy is first used to comprehensively cover and pre-fracture the rock mass within the excavation and rock-breaking area. After pre-fracture, the rock mass strength is significantly lower than before pre-fracture. At this point, the cutting tools in the rock-breaking assembly are used to break the rock, completing the cross-section excavation, resulting in high rock-breaking efficiency. In this invention, the cutting tools in the rock-breaking assembly do not come into contact with unfractured hard rock mass, greatly extending the tool life compared to traditional methods.

[0011] As a further improvement, high-pressure water jet energy is used between steps (1) and (2) to further impact the pre-cracked rock-breaking area to increase the gap between rock cracks.

[0012] The beneficial effects are: the implementation cost of high-pressure water is relatively low, which can shorten the time of step (1), and use water flow to assist the impact on the crack, thus ensuring efficiency while reducing costs.

[0013] As a further improvement, in step (1), an image acquisition device is used to observe the rock surface to obtain information on crack length and width.

[0014] The beneficial effects are: information such as whether cracks have occurred and the size of cracks can be intuitively determined through images, providing accurate references for assisting in rock breaking time and power.

[0015] As a further improvement, a crack detector is used to detect the crack before the start of step (2) to obtain crack depth information.

[0016] The beneficial effect is that the rock breaking time of the cutting rock breaking component can be determined based on the crack depth information, avoiding the waste of resources caused by excessively long auxiliary rock breaking time or the problem of insufficient pre-crack depth affecting efficiency caused by excessively short time.

[0017] As a further improvement, the electromagnetic wave is a microwave.

[0018] The beneficial effect is that microwave heating is highly efficient, further improving the efficiency of rock breaking.

[0019] As a further improvement, the rock-breaking component is an eccentric oscillating cutterhead.

[0020] The beneficial effect is that it effectively utilizes the low tensile strength of the rock mass, thereby further improving efficiency.

[0021] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the rock-breaking device provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0022] The rock-breaking device includes a rotating cantilever support body. The front side of the cantilever support body is hinged with a first cantilever and a second cantilever, and is connected to a swing drive device for driving the first cantilever and the second cantilever to swing around the hinge point. Each cantilever is a telescopic cantilever. The telescopic end of the first cantilever is connected to an electromagnetic wave heating device or a supercritical carbon dioxide jet nozzle or a liquid nitrogen jet nozzle, and the telescopic end of the second cantilever is connected to a cutting rock-breaking component.

[0023] The beneficial effects are as follows: This invention improves the cutting mechanism of traditional cantilever tunneling machines, realizing the aforementioned composite rock-breaking method. During excavation and rock breaking, the first cantilever extends first, contacting the working face in front. Electromagnetic energy or jets initially damage the rock mass. Because the first cantilever can swing and rotate with the cantilever support, it can move freely inward and outward to achieve auxiliary rock-breaking work at different positions, thus achieving all-round coverage. After pre-splitting is completed, the second cantilever extends, and the cutting rock-breaking component contacts the working face. At this time, the rock mass strength has been reduced, the rock-breaking efficiency of the cutter is improved, and its service life is extended. At the same time, since only the first cantilever extends during the initial auxiliary rock breaking, the electromagnetic or jet energy will not directly impact the cutting tool of the cutting component, thus avoiding direct damage to the tool.

[0024] As a further improvement, a third cantilever is hinged to the front side of the cantilever support. The third cantilever is a telescopic cantilever, and the telescopic end is connected to a high-pressure water jet nozzle.

[0025] The beneficial effect is that the third cantilever extends and uses water flow to assist in the impact on the crack, which ensures efficiency while reducing costs.

[0026] As a further improvement, either the first cantilever telescopic end is equipped with an image acquisition device or the third cantilever telescopic end is equipped with an image acquisition device.

[0027] The beneficial effects are: information such as whether cracks have occurred and the size of cracks can be intuitively determined through images, providing accurate references for assisting in rock breaking time and power.

[0028] As a further improvement, either the first cantilever telescopic end is equipped with a crack detector or the third cantilever telescopic end is equipped with a crack detector.

[0029] The beneficial effect is that the rock breaking time of the cutting rock breaking component can be determined based on the crack depth information, avoiding the waste of resources caused by excessively long auxiliary rock breaking time or the problem of insufficient pre-crack depth affecting efficiency caused by excessively short time.

[0030] As a further improvement, the electromagnetic wave heating device is a microwave heater.

[0031] The beneficial effect is that microwave heating is highly efficient, further improving the efficiency of rock breaking.

[0032] As a further improvement, the rock-breaking component includes a cutterhead connected to the second cantilever telescopic end via an eccentric bushing.

[0033] The beneficial effect is that it effectively utilizes the low tensile strength of the rock mass, thereby further improving efficiency.

[0034] As a further improvement, the second cantilever is located at the center of the cantilever support.

[0035] The beneficial effect is that when the rock-breaking component rotates to break the rock, it does not need to swing too much in one direction, thus improving the stress on the second cantilever.

[0036] As a further improvement, the distance from the first cantilever to the center of the cantilever support is equal to that from the third cantilever.

[0037] The beneficial effect is that the swing angle of the third cantilever is the same as that of the first cantilever, which makes it easier to control.

[0038] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution for the tunneling machine provided by this invention is as follows:

[0039] The tunneling machine includes a rock-breaking device, which includes a rotating cantilever support body. The front side of the cantilever support body is hinged with a first cantilever and a second cantilever, and is connected to a swing drive device for driving the first and second cantilever to swing around the hinge point. Each cantilever is a telescopic cantilever. The telescopic end of the first cantilever is connected to an electromagnetic wave heating device or a supercritical carbon dioxide jet nozzle or a liquid nitrogen jet nozzle, and the telescopic end of the second cantilever is connected to a cutting rock-breaking component.

[0040] The beneficial effects are as follows: This invention improves the cutting mechanism of traditional cantilever tunneling machines, realizing the aforementioned composite rock-breaking method. During excavation and rock breaking, the first cantilever extends first, contacting the working face in front. Electromagnetic energy or jets initially damage the rock mass. Because the first cantilever can swing and rotate with the cantilever support, it can move freely inward and outward to achieve auxiliary rock-breaking work at different positions, thus achieving all-round coverage. After pre-splitting is completed, the second cantilever extends, and the cutting rock-breaking component contacts the working face. At this time, the rock mass strength has been reduced, the rock-breaking efficiency of the cutter is improved, and its service life is extended. At the same time, since only the first cantilever extends during the initial auxiliary rock breaking, the electromagnetic or jet energy will not directly impact the cutting tool of the cutting component, thus avoiding direct damage to the tool.

[0041] As a further improvement, a third cantilever is hinged to the front side of the cantilever support. The third cantilever is a telescopic cantilever, and the telescopic end is connected to a high-pressure water jet nozzle.

[0042] The beneficial effect is that the third cantilever extends and uses water flow to assist in the impact on the crack, which ensures efficiency while reducing costs.

[0043] As a further improvement, either the first cantilever telescopic end is equipped with an image acquisition device or the third cantilever telescopic end is equipped with an image acquisition device.

[0044] The beneficial effects are: information such as whether cracks have occurred and the size of cracks can be intuitively determined through images, providing accurate references for assisting in rock breaking time and power.

[0045] As a further improvement, either the first cantilever telescopic end is equipped with a crack detector or the third cantilever telescopic end is equipped with a crack detector.

[0046] The beneficial effect is that the rock breaking time of the cutting rock breaking component can be determined based on the crack depth information, avoiding the waste of resources caused by excessively long auxiliary rock breaking time or the problem of insufficient pre-crack depth affecting efficiency caused by excessively short time.

[0047] As a further improvement, the electromagnetic wave heating device is a microwave heater.

[0048] The beneficial effect is that microwave heating is highly efficient, further improving the efficiency of rock breaking.

[0049] As a further improvement, the rock-breaking component includes a cutterhead connected to the second cantilever telescopic end via an eccentric bushing.

[0050] The beneficial effect is that it effectively utilizes the low tensile strength of the rock mass, thereby further improving efficiency.

[0051] As a further improvement, the second cantilever is located at the center of the cantilever support.

[0052] The beneficial effect is that when the rock-breaking component rotates to break the rock, it does not need to swing too much in one direction, thus improving the stress on the second cantilever.

[0053] As a further improvement, the distance from the first cantilever to the center of the cantilever support is equal to that from the third cantilever.

[0054] The beneficial effect is that the swing angle of the third cantilever is the same as that of the first cantilever, which makes it easier to control. Attached Figure Description

[0055] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of embodiment 1 of the tunneling machine in this invention;

[0056] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a section at point I;

[0057] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of section II in the middle;

[0058] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Side view of the rock-breaking device;

[0059] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the greywater jet device;

[0060] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A magnified view of a section at point III;

[0061] Figure 7 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the microwave device;

[0062] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A magnified view of section IV in the middle.

[0063] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0064] 1. Control room; 2. Main drive; 3. Equipment compartment; 4. Swing drive device; 5. Cantilever support plate; 6. Third cantilever; 7. Telescopic cylinder; 8. Water jet device; 8-1. Jet pump; 8-2. Delivery pipeline; 8-3. Rotary joint; 8-4. Jet nozzle; 9. Second mounting plate; 10. Second cantilever; 11. Eccentric bushing; 12. Cutter head; 13. First cantilever; 14. Microwave device; 14-1. Microwave generator; 14-2. Mixer; 14-3. Transmission waveguide; 14-4. Rotating waveguide; 14-5. Microwave heater; 15. First mounting plate; 16. Support plate; 17. Slag scraper; 18. Moving device; 19. Image acquisition device; 20. Crack detector. Detailed Implementation

[0065] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the invention and are not intended to limit the invention; that is, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the invention, not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0066] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0067] It should be noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, terms such as "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the process or method that includes said element.

[0068] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linkage" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0069] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the term "provided with" should be interpreted broadly. For example, the object "provided with" can be a part of the main body, or it can be separately arranged from the main body and connected to the main body. This connection can be a detachable connection or a non-detachable connection. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention through specific circumstances.

[0070] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0071] Specific embodiment 1 of the tunneling machine provided by the present invention:

[0072] The tunneling machine provided in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the device includes a mobile chassis, which comprises a mobile device 18 and a support plate 16 positioned above the mobile device 18. Above the support plate 16 are a control room 1, a main drive 2, and an equipment compartment 3. The main drive 2 is driven by a rock-breaking device. The rock-breaking device includes a cantilever support plate 5, which is driven by the output end of the main drive 2, forming a rotatable cantilever support plate 5. In other embodiments, the cantilever support plate 5 can be fixedly connected to a rotating base provided with the tunneling machine, rotating under the drive of the rotating base. The front end of the cantilever support plate 5 is connected to a first cantilever 13, a second cantilever 10, and a third cantilever 6. In other embodiments, the support structure supporting the three cantilever arms can be a cantilever support block or a cantilever support column. A microwave device 14 is connected to the first cantilever 13, a cutting and rock-breaking component is connected to the second cantilever 10, and a water jet device 8 is connected to the third cantilever 6. Each cantilever is a telescopic cantilever, including a telescopic drive device for driving its extension and retraction. In this embodiment, the telescopic drive device is a telescopic hydraulic cylinder 7. Each cantilever is hinged to a cantilever support plate 5, and a swing drive device 4 for driving the cantilever to swing around the hinge point is also connected between each cantilever and the cantilever support plate 5. Specifically, the swing drive device 4 can be a motor. The motor is fixed to the cantilever support plate 5, and the motor output shaft is hinged to a linkage mechanism. The rocker arm in the rocker arm mechanism is connected to the cantilever, and the motor drives the rocker arm to swing, thereby causing the cantilever to swing. The swing drive device 4 can also be a hydraulic cylinder. One end of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the cantilever support plate 5, and the other end is hinged to the cantilever. The extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder drives the cantilever to swing.

[0073] like Figures 2-8 As shown, the microwave device 14 includes a microwave generator 14-1, a modulator 14-2, a transmission waveguide 14-3, a rotating waveguide 14-4, and a microwave heater 14-5. A first mounting plate 15 is rotatably mounted on the extendable end of the first cantilever 13. The first mounting plate 15 is a disc with mounting holes. The microwave heater 14-5 is located within the mounting holes of the first mounting plate 15. The first cantilever 13 is a hollow cantilever, and the transmission waveguide 14-3 and the rotating waveguide 14-4 are located inside the first cantilever 13. The microwave generator 14-1 emits microwaves, and the modulator 14-2 adjusts the microwave frequency, transmitting it to the microwave heater 14-5 via the transmission waveguide 14-3. Due to the presence of the rotating waveguide 14-4, the microwave heater 14-5 can rotate with the first mounting plate 15 to achieve uniform heating of the rock mass. The microwave generator 14-1 and the modulator 14-2 are located inside the equipment compartment 3.

[0074] The rock-breaking cutting assembly in this embodiment includes a cutter head 12, which is equipped with cutting tools for rock breaking. The cutter head 12 is connected to the second cantilever 10 through an eccentric bushing 11. The rotation of the cantilever support disk 5 drives the cutter head 12 to achieve eccentric swing cutting. Specifically, the principle of eccentric swing cutting and the structure of the eccentric bushing are similar to the structure in the patent application document with publication number CN114876486A, and will not be described again here.

[0075] The water jet device 8 includes a jet pump 8-1, a delivery pipeline 8-2, a rotary joint 8-3, and a jet nozzle 8-4. A second mounting plate 9 is rotatably mounted on the extendable end of the second cantilever 10. The second mounting plate 9 is a disc with mounting holes. The jet nozzle 8-4 is located within the mounting holes of the second mounting plate 9. The second cantilever 10 is a hollow cantilever. The delivery pipeline 8-2 and the rotary joint 8-3 are located inside the second cantilever 10. The jet pump 8-1 raises the water to a certain pressure and delivers it to the jet nozzle 8-4 through the delivery pipeline 8-2. Due to the presence of the rotary joint 8-3, the jet nozzle 8-4 can rotate with the second mounting plate 9 to achieve uniform impact. The jet pump 8-1 is located inside the equipment compartment 3.

[0076] An image acquisition device 19 is provided on the outside of the first mounting plate 15, and an image acquisition device 19 and a crack detector 20 are provided on the outside of the second mounting plate 9. The image acquisition device 19 is used to acquire image information of the rock surface in front to determine the width and length of the crack, and the crack detector 20 is used to acquire crack depth information.

[0077] The second cantilever 10 is located at the center of the cantilever support plate 5, and the distances from the first cantilever 13 and the third cantilever 6 to the center of the cantilever support plate 5 are equal.

[0078] The working steps of this embodiment are as follows:

[0079] S1: The tunnel boring machine moves forward to the rock-breaking position and determines the rock-breaking location. The first cantilever 13 extends, and the microwave device heats the surface of the rock mass in front, causing cracks to appear in the rock mass. During the heating process, the cantilever support plate 5 is rotated to achieve pre-cracking of the rock mass at different positions around the tunnel. The first cantilever 13 is swung to achieve pre-cracking of the rock mass at different positions in the tunnel's radial direction, either from the inside out or from the outside in. The image acquisition device 19 is used to collect the surface morphology of the rock mass. When cracks appear, microwave heating is stopped, and then the first cantilever 13 is retracted.

[0080] S2: The third cantilever 6 extends, the jet nozzle 8-4 sprays high-pressure water, swings the third cantilever 6 and rotates the cantilever support plate 5 to impact the pre-cracked area, further damaging the rock mass and increasing the crack width and depth. Using the image acquisition device 19 and crack detector 20, when the crack reaches a certain depth, the water jet impact stops, and then the third cantilever 6 retracts.

[0081] S3: The second cantilever 10 extends, and the cutter head 12 swings eccentrically to cut the rock mass and complete the rock breaking.

[0082] In each of the above steps, the scraper plate 17 is adjusted according to the rock debris accumulation to complete the cleaning and collection of rock debris.

[0083] This embodiment achieves omnidirectional pre-fracture of the rock-breaking area by using microwave heating and water jet impact, and by adjusting the circumferential and radial positions of the cantilever arms. This reduces the strength of the rock mass, and the pre-fracture status of the rock mass is accurately determined by an image acquisition device and a crack detector. Compared with existing technologies, the cutterhead in this embodiment does not directly contact the high-strength rock mass, thus extending the life of the cutter tools. Furthermore, when the cutterhead is eccentrically swinging to break the rock, the efficiency of the cutterhead milling is significantly improved because the rock mass strength has already decreased and cracks have appeared. In addition, the three telescopic cantilever arms are arranged at intervals, so the energy from microwave heating and water jet impact does not directly act on the cutterhead, thus preventing direct damage. The first and third cantilever arms are equidistant from the center of the cantilever support plate, making it easier to control the swing angle of the third cantilever arm to cover the microwave heating area of ​​the first cantilever arm. The second cantilever arm is located at the center of the cantilever support plate; therefore, the second cantilever arm does not need to be adjusted to an excessively large angle in any direction to cover the pre-fracture area, improving the stress on the second cantilever arm during cutterhead rock breaking.

[0084] The difference between Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 1 of the tunneling machine provided by this invention is mainly that: in Embodiment 1, the first cantilever 13 is connected to a microwave device. In this embodiment, the first cantilever is connected to a laser emitter, which irradiates the rock mass, and the high temperature pre-fractures the rock mass.

[0085] The specific embodiment 3 of the tunneling machine provided by this invention differs from embodiment 1 mainly in that: in embodiment 1, the first cantilever 13 is connected to a microwave device. In this embodiment, the first cantilever is connected to a supercritical carbon dioxide jet nozzle, and a supercritical carbon dioxide jet pump is provided in the equipment compartment. The supercritical carbon dioxide jet impacts the rock mass, achieving pre-fracture of the rock mass.

[0086] The specific embodiment 4 of the tunneling machine provided by this invention differs from embodiment 1 mainly in that: in embodiment 1, the first cantilever 13 is connected to a microwave device. In this embodiment, the first cantilever is connected to a liquid nitrogen jet nozzle, and a liquid nitrogen jet pump is provided in the equipment compartment. The liquid nitrogen jet impacts the rock mass to achieve pre-splitting.

[0087] The specific embodiment 5 of the tunneling machine provided by the present invention differs from embodiment 1 mainly in that: in embodiment 1, the rock-breaking device includes a third cantilever 6 and a water jet device 8. In this embodiment, the third cantilever and the water jet device are not included, and the heating time of the microwave device needs to be extended during operation.

[0088] The specific embodiment 6 of the tunneling machine provided by the present invention differs from embodiment 1 mainly in that: in embodiment 1, the cutting and rock-breaking assembly includes an eccentrically oscillating cutterhead. In this embodiment, the cutting and rock-breaking assembly is a non-eccentrically oscillating cutting head, and the cutting head is provided with cutting tools (cutting teeth) for rock breaking.

[0089] The specific embodiment 7 of the tunneling machine provided by the present invention differs from embodiment 1 mainly in that: in embodiment 1, the rock breaking device includes an image acquisition device 19 and a crack detector 20. In this embodiment, the image acquisition device 19 and the crack detector 20 are not included; during operation, the crack condition is judged by the operator's visual observation and experience.

[0090] The specific embodiment 8 of the tunneling machine provided by the present invention differs from embodiment 1 mainly in that: in embodiment 1, only an image acquisition device 19 is provided on the outer side of the first mounting plate 15. In this embodiment, a crack detector is also provided on the outer side of the first mounting plate 15.

[0091] The specific embodiment 9 of the tunneling machine provided by this invention differs from embodiment 1 mainly in that: in embodiment 1, the second cantilever 10 is located at the center of the cantilever support plate 5, and the first cantilever 13 and the third cantilever 6 are equidistant from the center of the cantilever support plate 5. In this embodiment, the second cantilever is not located at the center of the cantilever support plate, and the first and third cantilever arms are not equidistant from the center of the cantilever support plate.

[0092] Specific embodiments of the rock-breaking device in this invention:

[0093] The rock-breaking device is the same as the rock-breaking device in any of the embodiments 1 to 9 of the tunneling machine described above, and will not be described in detail here.

[0094] Specific embodiment 1 of the composite rock-breaking method of the present invention:

[0095] Example 1 of the composite rock breaking method can be implemented using the tunneling machine described in Example 1 of the tunneling machine above. The specific steps are the same as the working steps described in Example 1 of the tunneling machine above, and will not be repeated here.

[0096] Specific embodiment 2 of the composite rock-breaking method in this invention:

[0097] Example 2 of the composite rock breaking method can be implemented using the tunneling machine in Example 2 of the above-mentioned tunneling machine. In step S1, the rock mass is heated by laser energy. The specific laser heating process is similar to the microwave heating process, and will not be described in detail here. Steps S2 and S3 are the same as in Example 1, and will not be described again.

[0098] Specific embodiment 3 of the composite rock-breaking method in this invention:

[0099] Example 3 of the composite rock breaking method can be implemented using the tunneling machine in Example 3 of the above-mentioned tunneling machine. In step S1, supercritical carbon dioxide is used to impact the rock mass to cause cracks in the rock mass. The specific implementation process is similar to the water jet impact process in Example 1, and will not be described in detail here. Steps S2 and S3 are the same as in Example 1, and will not be described again.

[0100] Specific embodiment 4 of the composite rock-breaking method in this invention:

[0101] Example 4 of the composite rock breaking method can be implemented using the tunneling machine in Example 4 of the above-mentioned tunneling machine. In step S1, liquid nitrogen is used to impact the rock mass to cause cracks in the rock mass. The specific implementation process is similar to the water jet impact process in Example 1, and will not be described in detail here. Steps S2 and S3 are the same as in Example 1, and will not be described again.

[0102] Specific embodiment 5 of the composite rock-breaking method in this invention:

[0103] Example 5 of the composite rock breaking method can be implemented using the tunneling machine in Example 5 of the above-mentioned tunneling machine. Compared with Example 1, the difference in this example is that step S2 is not included, and the processing time of S1 is appropriately extended to achieve the target crack effect.

[0104] Specific embodiment 6 of the composite rock-breaking method in this invention:

[0105] Example 6 of the composite rock breaking method can be implemented using the tunneling machine in Example 6 of the above-mentioned tunneling machine. The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the cutterhead does not have eccentric oscillation.

[0106] Specific embodiment 7 of the composite rock-breaking method of the present invention:

[0107] The composite rock breaking method embodiment 7 can be implemented using the tunneling machine in embodiment 7 of the above-mentioned tunneling machine. Compared with embodiment 1, the difference in this embodiment is that during the rock breaking process, it is necessary to rely on the naked eye and experience of the workers to judge the crack situation.

[0108] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still make modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments without creative effort, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rock-breaking device, characterized in that, The device includes a rotating cantilever support body with its rotation axis extending in the front-rear direction. A first cantilever and a second cantilever are hinged to the front side of the cantilever support body and connected to a swing drive device for driving the first and second cantilever to swing around the hinge point. Each cantilever is a telescopic cantilever. The telescopic end of the first cantilever is connected to an electromagnetic wave heating device, a supercritical carbon dioxide jet nozzle, or a liquid nitrogen jet nozzle, which can move radially inward and outward along the cantilever support body to achieve auxiliary rock breaking work at different positions. The telescopic end of the second cantilever is connected to a cutting and rock breaking component. A third cantilever is also hinged to the front side of the cantilever support body. The third cantilever is a telescopic cantilever and its telescopic end is connected to a high-pressure water jet nozzle.

2. The rock-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first cantilever telescopic end is equipped with an image acquisition device or the third cantilever telescopic end is equipped with an image acquisition device.

3. The rock-breaking device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first cantilever telescopic end is equipped with a crack detector or the third cantilever telescopic end is equipped with a crack detector.

4. The rock-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electromagnetic wave heating device is a microwave heater.

5. The rock-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rock-breaking component includes a cutterhead, which is connected to the second cantilever telescopic end via an eccentric bushing.

6. The rock-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second cantilever is located at the center of the cantilever support.

7. The rock-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance from the first cantilever to the center of the cantilever support is equal to that from the third cantilever.

8. A tunneling machine, characterized in that, Including the rock-breaking device as described in any one of claims 1-7, the tunneling machine further includes a main drive device for driving the cantilever support to rotate.

9. A composite rock-breaking method using the tunneling machine of claim 8, characterized in that, The steps include: (1) using electromagnetic waves or supercritical carbon dioxide jet or liquid nitrogen jet energy to pre-crack the rock breaking area from the periphery to the center or from the center to the periphery, so as to generate cracks in the rock mass; (2) using cutting rock breaking components to squeeze or swing the rock breaking area to complete the rock breaking operation in the area.

10. The composite rock-breaking method according to claim 9, characterized in that, Between steps (1) and (2), high-pressure water jet energy is used to further impact the pre-cracked rock-breaking area to increase the gap between rock cracks.

11. The composite rock-breaking method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that, In step (1), an image acquisition device is used to observe the surface of the rock mass to obtain information on the length and width of the cracks.

12. The composite rock-breaking method according to claim 11, characterized in that, Before starting step (2), a crack detector is used to detect the crack in order to obtain crack depth information.

13. The composite rock-breaking method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The electromagnetic wave is a microwave.

14. The composite rock-breaking method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The rock-breaking component is an eccentric oscillating cutterhead.

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