A bim-based road alignment design scheme comprehensive evaluation and optimization method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on BIM's road alignment design scheme comprehensive evaluation and optimization method, S1, based on BIM's road alignment design scheme parameterization model construction;S2, based on BIM's road information model and vehicle driving simulation module data interaction interface establishment;S3, based on the vehicle dynamics parameter analysis of vehicle driving simulation module;S4, based on the vehicle dynamics parameter acquisition of vehicle simulation module and data integration with road BIM model;S5, based on BIM's road alignment design scheme safety and comfort analysis and evaluation;S6, based on BIM's road alignment design scheme economy analysis;S7, based on BIM's road alignment design scheme adjustment optimization.The present application provides a kind of in BIM model fast design and evaluate road alignment design scheme method, is favorable to construct optimal road alignment design scheme, improve road alignment design quality and design efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of road traffic technology, specifically to a method for comprehensive evaluation and optimization of road alignment design schemes based on BIM. Background Technology

[0002] Road alignment design is the initial stage of a road project, and the process is often highly challenging due to economic, environmental, geometric, and social considerations, as well as stringent design conditions. Beyond basic driving safety requirements, road alignment design must also consider the driver's visual, psychological, and physiological needs to ensure driving safety and comfort and reduce accident rates. However, traditional road alignment design relies heavily on the engineering experience of technicians. This manual approach to alignment selection often results in poor selection quality, less-than-ideal economic efficiency, and a lack of effective consideration for driving safety and comfort during the design process.

[0003] The emergence of computer-aided design technology has provided an efficient environment for alignment analysis and evaluation in road alignment design. In recent years, the development and application of BIM technology have offered new possibilities for road alignment design. Its parametric technical features and digital information platform environment can realize parametric modeling of road alignments and accurate analysis and evaluation of earthwork volumes along the route. However, the current BIM-based road alignment design process still relies heavily on manual alignment selection. The design process still lacks analysis and evaluation of driving safety and comfort, and it lacks a design methodology that comprehensively considers alignment safety, comfort, and economy. This prevents BIM from fully realizing its potential and value in road design, resulting in a lack of improvement in the quality and efficiency of road alignment design. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Technical Problem Solved: This invention addresses the problems of existing technologies where manual alignment selection often leads to poor selection quality, resulting in less than ideal alignment economy. Furthermore, it lacks effective consideration of driving safety and comfort during the design process. The lack of a design method that comprehensively considers alignment safety, comfort, and economy prevents the full realization of BIM's potential and value in road design, hindering improvements in road alignment design quality and efficiency. This invention provides a BIM-based comprehensive evaluation and optimization method for road alignment design schemes. It enables real-time quantitative evaluation of road alignment safety, comfort, and economy, and allows for rapid adjustments and updates to the road alignment within BIM based on the evaluation results. This further enables synchronous evaluation and optimization of road alignments, helping designers quickly obtain the most reasonable and economical road alignment design schemes, thereby improving the efficiency and quality of road alignment design.

[0005] Technical solution:

[0006] A BIM-based method for comprehensive evaluation and optimization of road alignment design schemes includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. Construct a parametric model of the preliminary design scheme for the road alignment based on the BIM platform;

[0008] S2. Conduct secondary development on the BIM platform to establish a data interaction interface between the BIM software and the vehicle driving simulation module, and realize data communication between the road BIM information model and the road model in the vehicle simulation module.

[0009] S3. In the vehicle driving simulation module, perform vehicle driving simulation based on the current road model to obtain a set of vehicle dynamics parameters during the vehicle's driving process on the current road.

[0010] S4. Based on the data interaction interface between BIM and the vehicle driving simulation module, vehicle dynamic parameters are read from the vehicle simulation module and integrated into the road BIM model;

[0011] S5. Conduct secondary development on the BIM platform and evaluate the safety and comfort of the current road alignment design based on the simulation driving results;

[0012] S6. Based on the BIM road information model, use BIM to statistically analyze the excavation and filling volumes of the road design scheme, and evaluate the economic efficiency of the current road alignment design scheme.

[0013] S7. Based on the evaluation results, construct an optimization algorithm for the road alignment design scheme in BIM. By changing the alignment design parameters, regenerate the road alignment model in BIM. Repeat steps S2-S7 until the safety and comfort of the current road alignment meet the requirements and the economy is less than the cost threshold.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: In step S1, the established parametric model includes the parametric model of the road horizontal alignment and the parametric model of the road longitudinal profile, wherein the set of control variables used to characterize the road horizontal alignment design scheme is... for: Where P Start ,P End ,P i R represents the coordinates (east and north distances) of the starting point, ending point, and i-th plane intersection point of the planar linear coordinate system. i ,L i Let represent the horizontal alignment radius and the transition curve length at the i-th intersection point, respectively, and n represent the number of horizontal alignment intersection points; this is the set of control variables used to characterize the road longitudinal profile alignment design scheme. for: Z StartZ End Z i r represents the coordinates (station number and elevation) of the starting point, ending point, and intersection point of the i-th longitudinal profile, respectively. i Let represent the longitudinal profile radius at the i-th intersection point, and m represent the number of intersection points of the longitudinal profile; through the set With sets The control variables in the model can uniquely determine the design alignment of a road. Based on this set of control variables, a parametric model of the road alignment is established, and the data binding between the model and the control variables is realized.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: In S2, the Python scripting language is used for secondary development in the BIM platform to establish a data interaction interface between the BIM information model and the vehicle driving simulation module. The functions implemented by this interface include, but are not limited to: (1) reading the parametric control variable values ​​of the road BIM model and exporting them to the vehicle driving simulation module so as to realize the synchronous establishment of the same road model in the simulation module; (2) reading the result data obtained from the simulation analysis from the vehicle driving simulation module and importing it back into the road BIM model for data integration; (3) modifying the parametric control variable values ​​of the road BIM model so as to realize the real-time adjustment and update of the road design model.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: In step S3, a road model identical to the road BIM model is established in the vehicle driving simulation module using road model control parameters exported from BIM, and a standard vehicle model is defined, with a road design speed V. design Simulate the driving process and collect vehicle dynamics parameters in real time during the driving process, including but not limited to: Where a x ,a y ,a z These represent the maximum longitudinal, lateral, and vertical accelerations of the vehicle body during its journey on road segment i (unit: m / s²). 2 ), a L ,a R These represent the maximum vertical accelerations of the left and right tires of the vehicle during its journey on road segment i (unit: m / s²). 2 ), ω y This represents the maximum yaw speed of the vehicle while traveling on road segment i (unit: ° / s), and n represents the total number of road segments currently divided into.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: in step S5, the safety assessment of the road alignment is performed on each road segment using the following three assessment indicators:

[0018] (1) The vehicle lateral slip evaluation index Ks is calculated according to formula (1):

[0019] K S =a y / 0.4g (1)

[0020] Where g is the acceleration due to gravity, taken as 9.8 m / s². 2 ;

[0021] (2) Vehicle Lateral Rollover Assessment K L Calculate according to formula (2):

[0022]

[0023] (3) Vehicle yaw loss assessment K Y Calculate according to formula (3):

[0024] K Y =ω y / 50 (3)

[0025] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: in step S5, the comfort evaluation of the road alignment adopts the evaluation index a as shown in formula (4). w Conduct an assessment:

[0026]

[0027] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: in step S6, the economic evaluation of the road alignment design scheme adopts the index E shown in formula (5). con Conduct an assessment

[0028] E Con =E F +E C +E M (5)

[0029] Where E F and E C (Unit: Yuan) represents the total excavation and embankment construction cost of the road, calculated according to formula (6):

[0030]

[0031] Where, η F It is the cost of filling construction, η C This refers to the cutting and construction costs (machinery, fuel, transportation, and labor costs, unit: yuan / m). 3 ); where EW F-i and EW C-i The fill volume and cut volume of road segment i are respectively (unit: m). 3), where n is the total number of road segments in the current road design scheme;

[0032] E M (Unit: Yuan) is the total cost of materials. Considering the transfer of soil from the excavation section to the filling section, it is calculated according to formula (7):

[0033]

[0034] Where, η S The material cost of the fill (unit: yuan / m) 3 ), ρ S It is the average density of the fill soil (unit: kg / m³) 3 As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: In step S7, the road design scheme is iteratively optimized in BIM based on the evaluation results, and the set of control variables for adjusting and changing the road alignment design scheme is modified by the designers. With sets A new set of control variables is obtained. With sets Based on sets With sets The road alignment model is regenerated in BIM, and steps S2-S7 are repeated to evaluate the safety, comfort, and economy of the new design scheme. The iteration is stopped when all road segments of the current road alignment meet the safety and comfort requirements and the economy is less than the cost threshold. This process yields the final road alignment design scheme that meets the requirements, and the final road alignment model is built in BIM.

[0035] Beneficial effects:

[0036] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following advantages:

[0037] (1) This invention uses a set of control variables With sets Used to characterize road alignment design schemes, it facilitates the creation of parametric road information models in BIM models, and can be adjusted by changing the set of control variables. With sets The variable values ​​are beneficial for designers in this field to adjust and update design schemes in real time, and to quickly build and update road BIM models in the BIM environment;

[0038] (2) This invention proposes a safety and comfort evaluation index model for road alignment design schemes, which is used to evaluate the safety and comfort of current road alignment design schemes in real time, thereby improving the safety and comfort of the design schemes and also improving design efficiency.

[0039] (3) This invention establishes an economic evaluation index for road alignment design schemes based on BIM, which is used to realize real-time calculation and analysis of the earthwork volume and construction cost required for the current design scheme during the design process. This helps designers to accurately calculate and analyze the cost-effectiveness of the current design scheme, obtain the most economical design scheme, and improve design efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below only relate to some embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a BIM-based comprehensive evaluation and optimization method for road alignment design schemes provided in this application embodiment.

[0042] Figure 2 This refers to the set of design parameter control variables in the initial road alignment design scheme provided in the embodiments of this application. With sets Numerical graph. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0044] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] A BIM-based method for comprehensive evaluation and optimization of road alignment design schemes includes the following steps:

[0047] S1. Construct a parametric model of the preliminary design scheme for the road alignment based on the BIM platform;

[0048] In this embodiment, the BIM software Civil3D is used to parametrically model the road alignment design scheme:

[0049] First, a topographic model of the road is constructed based on topographic survey data of the area where the road is located. Then, based on the design parameters in the initial road alignment design scheme, a set of control variables is determined on the topographic model. With sets The values ​​are shown in the appendix. Figure 2As shown, a road design alignment model is established based on the design parameters, including a horizontal alignment model and a longitudinal profile alignment model. On this basis, the road cross-section assembly is assembled, and finally the entire road BIM model is generated. The road model created in BIM in the above way is parametric, and all values ​​are bound to the corresponding control variables. This means that when the control variable values ​​of the road alignment are adjusted, the road model will also be updated and regenerated synchronously.

[0050] S2. Conduct secondary development on the BIM platform to establish a data interaction interface between the BIM software and the vehicle driving simulation module, and realize data communication between the road BIM information model and the road model in the vehicle simulation module.

[0051] In this embodiment, the autonomous driving simulation module in Matlab is used to simulate vehicle driving. In the Dynamo visualization programming environment of the BIM software Civil3D, the Python scripting language is used for secondary development to establish a data interaction interface between the BIM information model and the autonomous driving simulation module in Matlab. The functions implemented by this interface include: (1) reading the parametric control variable values ​​of the road BIM model and exporting them to the vehicle driving simulation module to realize the synchronous establishment of the same road model in the simulation module; (2) reading the result data obtained from the simulation analysis from the vehicle driving simulation module and importing it back into the road BIM model; (3) modifying the parametric control variable values ​​of the road BIM model to realize the real-time adjustment and update of the road design model.

[0052] S3. In the vehicle driving simulation module, perform vehicle driving simulation based on the current road model to obtain a set of vehicle dynamics parameters during the vehicle's driving process on the current road.

[0053] In this embodiment, the road model control parameters, i.e., the set of control variables, are derived from Civil3D. With sets The parameter values ​​in the model are used to create a road model with the same parameters as the road BIM model in the autonomous driving simulation module. Then, a standard car model is defined in the autonomous driving simulation module, with the road design speed V... design The driving process is simulated at 100 km / h. Vehicle dynamics parameters during the driving process are collected in real time, including but not limited to: i=1,2,…n}, where a x ,a y ,a z These represent the maximum longitudinal, lateral, and vertical accelerations of the vehicle body during its journey on road segment i (unit: m / s²). 2 ), a L ,aR ω represents the maximum vertical acceleration (unit: m / s²) of the left and right tires of the vehicle during its journey on road segment i. y This represents the maximum yaw speed of the vehicle while traveling on road segment i (unit: ° / s), and n represents the total number of road segments divided by the current road alignment.

[0054] In this embodiment, the entire route is divided into segments according to the two elements of straight line and curve, and the total number of segments n is 7.

[0055] S4. Based on the data interaction interface between BIM and the vehicle driving simulation module, read the final set of vehicle dynamic parameters from the vehicle simulation module: And integrate and store it into the road BIM model in Civil3D;

[0056] S5. Perform secondary development on the BIM platform, based on the simulation driving results set: An assessment of the safety and comfort of the current road alignment design scheme;

[0057] In this embodiment, the safety assessment of the road alignment is performed using the following three evaluation indicators for each of the seven road segments divided into the entire route:

[0058] (1) The vehicle lateral slip evaluation index Ks is calculated according to formula (1). In this embodiment, the threshold of Ks is set to 1. When Ks is greater than 1, the evaluation result is unqualified.

[0059] K S =a y / 0.4g (1)

[0060] Where g is the acceleration due to gravity, taken as 9.8 m / s². 2 .

[0061] (2) Vehicle Lateral Rollover Assessment K L According to formula (2), in this embodiment, K is calculated. L The threshold is set to 0.3, when K L If the value is greater than 0.3, the evaluation result is considered unqualified.

[0062]

[0063] (3) Vehicle yaw loss assessment K Y According to equation (3), in this embodiment, K is calculated. Y The threshold is set to 1, when K Y If the value is greater than 1, the evaluation result is unqualified.

[0064] K Y =ωy / 50 (3)

[0065] In step S5, the comfort assessment of the road alignment is performed using the assessment index a shown in equation (4). w In this embodiment, a is used for evaluation. w The threshold is set to 0.8 m / s 2 , when a w If the value is greater than 0.8, the evaluation result is considered unqualified.

[0066]

[0067] If any segment i in the entire road segment fails the evaluation of the above indicators, then the safety and comfort of the current road is determined to be unsatisfactory. In this embodiment, the above indicators are calculated for each of the seven divided road segments, and the largest calculated result among the seven road segments is: K. S-max =0.40, K L-max =0.04, K Y-max =0.64, a w-max =0.61, therefore the initial road alignment design scheme in this embodiment meets the requirements of safety and comfort assessment;

[0068] S6. Based on the BIM road information model, the cut and fill volume statistics of the road design scheme are used to evaluate the economic efficiency of the current road alignment design scheme. The economic efficiency evaluation of the road alignment design scheme adopts the index E shown in Equation (5). con Conduct an assessment:

[0069] E Con =E F +E C +E M (5)

[0070] Where E F and E C (Unit: Yuan) represents the total excavation and embankment construction cost of the road, calculated according to formula (6):

[0071]

[0072] Where, η F It is the cost of filling construction, η C This refers to the cutting and construction costs (machinery, fuel, transportation, and labor costs, unit: yuan / m). 3 ). Among them, EW F-i and EW C-i The fill volume and cut volume of road segment i are respectively (unit: m). 3 ), where n is the total number of road segments in the current road design plan.

[0073] E M (Unit: Yuan) is the total cost of materials. Considering the transfer of soil from the excavation section to the filling section, it is calculated according to formula (7). In this embodiment, E con The threshold is set at 3,473,424 yuan, when E con If the threshold is exceeded, the economic performance of the current design scheme is considered unqualified.

[0074]

[0075] Where, η S The material cost of the fill (unit: yuan / m) 3 ), ρ S It is the average density of the fill soil (unit: kg / m³) 3 ).

[0076] In this embodiment, the economic performance index of the entire route is calculated as follows: E con =4125763, therefore the initial road alignment design scheme in this embodiment does not meet the economic requirements;

[0077] S7. Based on the evaluation results, iteratively optimize the road design scheme by having designers adjust and change the set of control variables in the road alignment design scheme. With sets A new set of control variables is obtained. With sets Based on sets With sets Regenerate the road alignment model in BIM, repeating steps S2-S7 until the safety and comfort of the current road alignment meets the requirements and the economy is less than the cost threshold. In this embodiment, based on the safety, comfort, and economy evaluation indicators in steps S5 and S6, the calculation results of each indicator of the current road alignment design scheme adopted in this embodiment are as follows: K S-max =0.40, K L-max =0.04, K Y-max =0.64, a w-max =0.61, E con =4125763, of which the economic indicator E con The current design does not meet the design requirements because the threshold has been exceeded. Therefore, the current road alignment design needs to be adjusted and optimized.

[0078] By adjusting the set of control variables for changing the road alignment design scheme With sets A new set of control variables is obtained. With sets The road alignment model was regenerated in BIM, and steps S2-S7 were repeated to perform vehicle simulation analysis and evaluation of the new road alignment design scheme. The safety, comfort, and economic evaluation indicators in steps S5 and S6 were recalculated. After multiple adjustments and updates, the final design scheme achieved the following indicators: K S-max =0.15, K L-max =0.04, K Y-max =0.57, a w-max =0.68, E con =3059891. The safety, comfort and economic indicators meet the threshold requirements, so the adjustment and optimization of the road design alignment is stopped. The road alignment design scheme obtained at this time is the final design scheme. Designers can build the final BIM model of the road design alignment based on this scheme and carry out the next design work.

[0079] The examples described herein are merely preferred embodiments of the invention and are not intended to limit the concept and scope of the invention. Any modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the invention without departing from the design concept of the invention should fall within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive evaluation and optimization method for road alignment design schemes based on BIM, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Based on the BIM platform, a parametric model is constructed for the preliminary design scheme of the road alignment. The established parametric model includes the parametric model of the road horizontal alignment and the parametric model of the road longitudinal profile. The set of control variables 𝔸 used to characterize the road horizontal alignment design scheme is: 𝔸={ P Start , P 1, R 1, L 1,…, P i , R i , L i ,…, P End , i =1,2,… n },in P Start , P End , P i Representing the starting point, ending point, and first position of the planar linear shape, respectively. i The coordinates of the intersection points of the planes (east and north distances). R i , L i They represent the first i The plane linear radius and the length of the transition curve at each intersection point n The set of control variables, denoted by , represents the number of intersections in the horizontal alignment; is: = { Z Start , Z 1, r 1,…, Z i , r i ,…, Z End , i =1,2,… m },in Z Start , Z End , Z i These represent the starting point, ending point, and first point of the longitudinal profile, respectively. i Coordinates (station number and elevation) of the intersection point of the longitudinal profile. r i Indicates the first i The longitudinal profile radius at each intersection point m This represents the number of intersections of the longitudinal profile alignment. By using the control variables in sets 𝔸 and 𝔹, a road design alignment can be uniquely determined. Based on this set of control variables, a road alignment parameterization model is established, and data binding between the model and the control variables is achieved. S2. Conduct secondary development on the BIM platform to establish a data interaction interface between the BIM software and the vehicle driving simulation module, and realize data communication between the road BIM information model and the road model in the vehicle simulation module. S3. In the vehicle driving simulation module, perform vehicle driving simulation based on the current road model to obtain a set of vehicle dynamics parameters during the vehicle's driving process on the current road. S4. Based on the data interaction interface between BIM and the vehicle driving simulation module, vehicle dynamic parameters are read from the vehicle simulation module and integrated into the road BIM model; S5. Secondary development is carried out on the BIM platform. Based on the simulation driving results, the safety and comfort of the current road alignment design scheme are evaluated. The safety assessment of the road alignment uses the following three evaluation indicators to evaluate each road segment: (1) Vehicle lateral slip assessment index K s is calculated according to formula (1): K S = a y / 0.4 g (1); among which g It is the acceleration due to gravity, taken as 9.8 m / s². 2 ; (2) Vehicle lateral rollover assessment K L Calculate according to formula (2): (2); (3) Assessment of vehicle yaw loss of control K Y Calculate according to formula (3): K Y = ω y / 50 (3); S6. Based on the BIM road information model, use BIM to statistically analyze the excavation and filling volumes of the road design scheme, and evaluate the economic efficiency of the current road alignment design scheme. S7. Based on the evaluation results, construct an optimization algorithm for the road alignment design scheme in BIM. By changing the alignment design parameters, regenerate the road alignment model in BIM. Repeat steps S2-S7 until the safety and comfort of the current road alignment meet the requirements and the economy is less than the cost threshold.

2. The method for comprehensive evaluation and optimization of road alignment design schemes based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that... In step S2, the Python scripting language is used for secondary development in the BIM platform to establish a data interaction interface between the BIM information model and the vehicle driving simulation module. The functions implemented by this interface include, but are not limited to: (1) reading the parametric control variable values ​​of the road BIM model and exporting them to the vehicle driving simulation module so as to realize the synchronous establishment of the same road model in the simulation module; (2) reading the result data obtained from the simulation analysis from the vehicle driving simulation module and importing it back into the road BIM model for data integration; (3) modifying the parametric control variable values ​​of the road BIM model so as to realize the real-time adjustment and update of the road design model.

3. The method for comprehensive evaluation and optimization of road alignment design schemes based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that... In step S3, a road model identical to the road BIM model is established in the vehicle driving simulation module using road model control parameters exported from BIM, and a standard vehicle model is defined, with the road design speed V. design Perform driving process simulation and collect vehicle dynamics parameters in real time during the driving process, including but not limited to: ℂ ={( a x , a y , a z , a L , a R , ω y ) i , i =1,2,… n },in a x , a y , a z These represent the maximum longitudinal, lateral, and vertical accelerations of the vehicle body during its journey on road segment i (unit: m / s²). 2 ), a L , a R These represent the maximum vertical accelerations of the left and right tires of the vehicle during its journey on road segment i (unit: m / s²). 2 ), ω y This represents the maximum yaw speed of the vehicle while traveling on road segment i (unit: ° / s), and n represents the total number of road segments currently divided into the road.

4. The method for comprehensive evaluation and optimization of road alignment design schemes based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that... In step S5, the comfort assessment of the road alignment is performed using the evaluation index shown in equation (4). a w Conduct an assessment: (4).

5. The method for comprehensive evaluation and optimization of road alignment design schemes based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S6, the economic evaluation of the road alignment design scheme is performed using the index E shown in equation (5). con Conduct an assessment (5); Where E F and E C (Unit: Yuan) represents the total excavation and embankment construction cost of the road, calculated according to formula (6): （6）； in, It's the cost of filling the construction. This refers to the cutting and construction costs (machinery, fuel, transportation, and labor costs, unit: yuan / m). 3 );in and Each is a road segment i Fill volume and cut volume (unit: m) 3 ), where n is the total number of road segments in the current road design scheme; E M (Unit: Yuan) is the total cost of materials. Considering the transfer of soil from the excavation section to the filling section, it is calculated according to formula (7): (7); in, The material cost of the fill (unit: yuan / m) 3 ), It is the average density of the fill soil (unit: kg / m³) 3 ).

6. The method for comprehensive evaluation and optimization of road alignment design schemes based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S7, the road design scheme is iteratively optimized in BIM based on the evaluation results. The designers adjust and change the control variable sets A and B of the road alignment design scheme to obtain new control variable sets A1 and B1. Then, based on sets A1 and B1, the road alignment model is regenerated in BIM. Steps S2-S7 are repeated to evaluate the safety, comfort, and economy of the new design scheme. The iterative update stops when all road segments of the current road alignment meet the safety and comfort requirements and the economy is less than the cost threshold. This yields the final road alignment design scheme that meets the requirements, and the final road alignment model is established in BIM.

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