Solar electronic tag comprising a solar cell module

Abstract

A solar electronic tag is provided, comprising an electronic tag module and a solar cell module for providing energy to the electronic tag module, wherein the solar cell module has a flexible substrate, and a first electrode, a first modification layer, an active layer, a second modification layer and a second electrode arranged in sequence on the flexible substrate, wherein the active layer comprises a material selected from the following: PM6:CH-6Cl; PM6:F-2F; PM6:F-2Cl; PM6:FO-2F; P3HT:PC 61 BM; PM6:BO-4Cl; PM6:F3EH-2Cl. The solar electronic tag can design the solar cell module according to light of different wave bands, so that the solar cell module can convert light such as indoor light into electrical energy to directly provide power supply for the electronic tag module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the fields of novel optoelectronic devices and radio frequency identification, and in particular, to a solar-powered electronic tag powered by a flexible organic solar cell. Background Technology

[0002] An electronic tag is an electronic display device with information transmission and reception capabilities. It transmits necessary information to the tag via wireless communication technology and displays it on the display device. Electronic tags offer advantages such as being waterproof, magnetic-proof, having retrievable data, long reading distance, and large data storage capacity. They are widely used in warehousing, logistics, automated manufacturing, supermarkets, and other fields to achieve accurate product tracking and management.

[0003] Currently, electronic tags are mainly divided into active tags and passive tags. Active tags are primarily battery-powered, using the battery to drive various modules within the tag to transmit and display information. However, this requires frequent battery checks and replacements, increasing workload and cost. Passive tags are driven by radio frequency technology, but their operation is limited by the distance between the electronic tag and the base station. Beyond a certain distance, it becomes difficult to transmit energy and information to the electronic tag.

[0004] To address this, this paper presents a flexible organic solar cell with high photoelectric conversion efficiency under indoor light and an electronic tag driven by this flexible organic solar cell module, thus enabling effective driving of active electronic tags under indoor light. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In a first aspect of this disclosure, a solar-powered electronic tag is provided, comprising an electronic tag module and a solar cell module for providing energy to the electronic tag module. The solar cell module has a flexible substrate, and a first electrode, a first modification layer, an active layer, a second modification layer, and a second electrode are sequentially disposed on the flexible substrate. The active layer comprises a material selected from the following: PM6:CH-6Cl; PM6:F-2F; PM6:F-2Cl; PM6:FO-2F; P3HT:PC. 61 BM; PM6: BO-4Cl; PM6: F3EH-2Cl.

[0006] In some implementations, the solar cell module is externally connected to the electronic tag module. In other implementations, the solar cell module and the electronic tag module are integrated. In still other implementations, the electronic tag module consists of a tag, a wireless information transmission module, a signal processing and storage module, a display module, and a power management module.

[0007] In some embodiments, the solar cell module is a flexible solar cell or a flexible solar cell module, wherein the flexible solar cell has a flexible substrate, and a first electrode, a first modification layer, an active layer, a second modification layer, and a second electrode are sequentially disposed on the flexible substrate; and wherein the flexible solar cell module is formed by connecting multiple of the flexible solar cells in series and / or in parallel. In other embodiments, the donor material PM6 or P3HT and the acceptor materials CH-6Cl, F-2F, F-2Cl, FO-2F, and PC are used. 61 The mass ratio of BM, BO-4Cl, or F3EH-2Cl is 1:1-1.5, preferably 1:1.2. In some other embodiments, the active layer further comprises 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO).

[0008] In some embodiments, the flexible substrate is made of flexible transparent plastic. In specific embodiments, the flexible substrate comprises a material selected from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide (PI), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), polyetherimide (PEI), or combinations thereof. In still specific embodiments, the flexible substrate is composed of a material selected from PET, PI, PMMA, PEN, PC, PEI, or combinations thereof.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first modifying layer comprises zinc oxide (ZnO), tin dioxide (SnO2), cuprous thiocyanate (CuSCN), or combinations thereof. In other embodiments, the second modifying layer comprises molybdenum oxide (MoO3), tungsten oxide (WO3), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS), nickel oxide (NiO), or combinations thereof. In still other embodiments, an interface layer, such as an interface layer comprising PFN-Br, Pvpy, PEI, or combinations thereof, is present between the modifying layer and the active layer. In some embodiments, the first or second electrode is a transparent electrode comprising indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), or any combination thereof. In yet another embodiment, the first or second electrode is a translucent or reflective electrode comprising magnesium, silver, aluminum, calcium, indium, or any combination thereof.

[0010] In a second aspect of this disclosure, an electronic device is provided comprising a solar-powered electronic tag, the solar-powered electronic tag including an electronic tag module and a solar cell module for providing energy to the electronic tag module, wherein the solar cell module has a flexible substrate, and a first electrode, a first modification layer, an active layer, a second modification layer, and a second electrode sequentially disposed on the flexible substrate, wherein the active layer comprises a material selected from the following: PM6:CH-6Cl; PM6:F-2F; PM6:F-2Cl; PM6:FO-2F; P3HT:PC 61 BM; PM6: BO-4Cl; PM6: F3EH-2Cl.

[0011] In some implementations, the solar cell module is externally connected to the electronic tag module. In other implementations, the solar cell module and the electronic tag module are integrated. In still other implementations, the electronic tag module consists of a wireless information transmission module, a signal processing and storage module, a display module, and a power management module.

[0012] In some embodiments, the solar cell module is a flexible solar cell or a flexible solar cell module, wherein the flexible solar cell has a flexible substrate, and a first electrode, a first modification layer, an active layer, a second modification layer, and a second electrode are sequentially disposed on the flexible substrate; and wherein the flexible solar cell module is formed by connecting multiple of the flexible solar cells in series and / or in parallel. In other embodiments, the donor material PM6 or P3HT and the acceptor materials CH-6Cl, F-2F, F-2Cl, FO-2F, and PC are used. 61 The mass ratio of BM, BO-4Cl, or F3EH-2Cl is 1:1-1.5, preferably 1:1.2. In some other embodiments, the active layer also comprises DIO.

[0013] In some embodiments, the flexible substrate is made of a flexible transparent plastic. In specific embodiments, the flexible substrate comprises a material selected from PET, PI, PMMA, PEN, PC, PEI, or combinations thereof. In still specific embodiments, the flexible substrate is composed of a material selected from PET, PI, PMMA, PEN, PC, PEI, or combinations thereof.

[0014] In some embodiments, the first modifying layer comprises zinc oxide (ZnO), SnO2, CuSCN, or combinations thereof. In other embodiments, the second modifying layer comprises MoO3, WO3, PEDOT:PSS, NiO, or combinations thereof. In still other embodiments, an interface layer, such as an interface layer comprising PFN-Br, Pvpy, PEI, or combinations thereof, exists between the modifying layer and the active layer. In some embodiments, the first or second electrode is a transparent electrode comprising ITO, IZO, SnO2, ZnO, or any combination thereof. In yet another embodiment, the first or second electrode is a translucent or reflective electrode comprising magnesium, silver, aluminum, calcium, indium, or any combination thereof.

[0015] The application scenarios for existing solar-powered electronic tags are not widespread, mainly due to the following reasons: 1) Inorganic solar cells are rigid and fragile, which is not conducive to frequent transportation and makes it difficult to integrate with existing electronic tags to achieve integration; 2) Due to the fixed band gap, inorganic solar cells have low photoelectric conversion efficiency under indoor light, requiring large-area cells to drive electronic tags.

[0016] The organic solar cell presented in this paper has an adjustable bandgap, which can be designed according to the intensity and wavelength of ambient light to maximize photoelectric conversion efficiency in different environments. Compared to solar cells already used in the field, the organic solar cell presented in this paper is relatively lighter, thinner, and more flexible. Furthermore, the organic solar cell presented in this paper can be fabricated using solution processing. In addition, the organic solar cell presented in this paper can also be customized to fit the dimensions of the integrated device.

[0017] Specifically, flexible organic solar cell modules with different wavelengths can be designed and fabricated based on the intensity and wavelength of indoor light. These modules can convert indoor light into electrical energy, directly powering the electronic tag. Furthermore, by connecting multiple flexible organic solar cells in series and parallel, the voltage, current, and power requirements of the electronic tag can be met, enabling effective driving of the tag. Simultaneously, utilizing the flexibility, bendability, and cutability of organic solar cells, flexible organic solar cells with dimensions matching the shape and size of the electronic tag can be designed and fabricated, directly embedded on the tag surface, achieving an integrated self-powered solar electronic tag. Therefore, electronic tags using the present disclosure can address one or more challenges faced by existing electronic tags. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The following figures are provided to better understand the inventive concept of this disclosure. The figures and the inventive concept illustrated therein also form part of this specification. In the figures:

[0019] Figure 1An example of a circuit structure diagram of a solar-powered electronic tag according to an implementation scheme is shown.

[0020] Figure 2 An example is shown in the schematic diagram of an embedded integrated solar electronic tag according to the implementation scheme.

[0021] Figure 3 An example diagram of an external solar-powered electronic tag according to an implementation scheme is shown.

[0022] Figure 4 An example of a solar-powered electronic tag according to the implementation plan is shown in the image.

[0023] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the device structure of a single-segment flexible organic solar cell according to an embodiment is shown.

[0024] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a flexible organic solar cell module according to an embodiment is shown.

[0025] Figure 7 An example photograph of a flexible organic solar cell module according to an implementation scheme is shown.

[0026] Figure 8 The JV curve of a single-segment flexible organic solar cell based on PM6:BO-4Cl according to the embodiment is shown under standard sunlight.

[0027] Figure 9 An example is shown of the external quantum efficiency curve of a single-junction flexible organic solar cell based on PM6:BO-4Cl according to an embodiment.

[0028] Figure 10 The JV curve of a flexible organic solar cell module based on PM6:BO-4Cl according to the implementation scheme is shown under standard sunlight.

[0029] Figure 11 An example is shown of the external quantum efficiency curve of a flexible organic solar cell based on PM6:CH-6Cl according to an embodiment.

[0030] Figure 12 The JV curve of a flexible organic solar cell based on PM6:CH-6Cl according to the embodiment is shown.

[0031] Figure 13 An example is shown of the external quantum efficiency curve of a flexible organic solar cell based on PM6:F3EH-2Cl according to an embodiment.

[0032] Figure 14 The JV curve of a flexible organic solar cell based on PM6:F3EH-2Cl according to the embodiment is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0033] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth for purposes of explanation to provide a thorough understanding of the various embodiments. As used herein, the terms “implementation” and “method” are used interchangeably and are non-limiting examples employing one or more of the inventive concepts disclosed herein. However, it will be apparent that various embodiments may be practiced without these specific details, or may be practiced with one or more equivalent arrangements.

[0034] The solar-powered electronic tag disclosed herein includes an electronic tag module and a solar cell module. The solar cell module can be a flexible organic solar cell or module using organic or polymeric materials as active materials. In this solar-powered electronic tag, the solar cell module provides energy, such as electrical energy, to the electronic tag module; that is, the flexible organic solar cell or module drives the solar-powered electronic tag. The electronic tag module includes a power management module (e.g., a power control module and a control unit), a wireless information transmission module (e.g., a signal wireless transmission module), a signal processing and storage module (e.g., an information storage module), and a display module (e.g., a...). Figure 1 (As shown).

[0035] The solar cell module can be connected to the electronic tag module via external means, such as connecting to a power management module or mounting it on the surface of the electronic tag (e.g., ...). Figure 2 , 3 (as shown in Figure 4). The solar cell module can also be integrated with the electronic tag module, for example, embedded in the surface of the electronic tag, to realize the integration of the self-powered system and the information reading system. The flexible organic solar cell or module of this article has the characteristics of flexibility and bendability, which facilitates integration with the electronic tag module. The solar cell module of this disclosure has a flexible substrate, and a first electrode, a first modification layer, an active layer, a second modification layer and a second electrode are sequentially disposed on the flexible substrate, for example, flexible substrate (1) / electrode (2) / modification layer (3) / active layer (4) / modification layer (5) / electrode (6), such as Figure 5 As shown.

[0036] More specifically, the power supply system of the solar-powered electronic tag consists of flexible organic solar cells or flexible organic solar cell modules, and preferably consists of flexible organic solar cell modules (such as...). Figure 6 and 7(As shown). The flexible organic solar cell module of the solar electronic tag disclosed herein is formed by connecting multiple flexible organic solar cells in series and / or parallel, thereby meeting the voltage, current, and power requirements for the operation of the electronic tag. For example, the operating voltage of the flexible organic solar cell module is 3-6V, and the operating current is 30-60μA.

[0037] In the solar cell module disclosed herein, the active layer may comprise, or be composed of, materials selected from, or constitute thereof: PM6:CH-6Cl; PM6:F-2F; PM6:F-2Cl; PM6:FO-2F; P3HT:PC 61 BM; PM6:BO-4Cl; PM6:F3EH-2Cl. Preferably, the active layer is made of a material selected from the following: PM6:BO-4Cl, PM6:CH-6Cl, PM6:F3EH-2Cl, or a combination thereof. Such an active layer can be prepared by printing, screen printing, coating, etc., preferably by spin coating or coating.

[0038] The aforementioned active layer can have a thickness of 50 nm to 500 nm. Considering flexibility, efficiency, and cost, the active layer can have a thickness of 50 nm to 300 nm, for example, 100 nm to 200 nm, or other values ​​within this range. Furthermore, the thickness of the modification layer can be 3 nm to 50 nm; for example, the cathode modification layer can be 20 nm to 50 nm, and the anode modification layer can be 3 nm to 10 nm, or other values ​​within these ranges. Further, the thickness of the interface layer can be 1 nm to 5 nm, for example, 2, 3, 4, or 5 nm. Preferably, the interface layer can be disposed between the active layer and the cathode modification layer.

[0039]

[0040] Donor materials PM6 or P3HT and acceptor materials CH-6Cl, F-2F, F-2Cl, FO-2F, PC 61 The mass ratio of BM, CH17, BO-4Cl, or F3EH-2Cl is 1:1-1.5, for example, 1:1.1, 1:1.2, 1:1.3, 1:1.4, or 1:1.5, preferably 1:1.2. Additionally, the active layer may also contain DIO. DIO is used to reduce the domain size of the active layer, adjust the microstructure of the active layer, and obtain better photovoltaic performance. The weight ratio of DIO to the active material (i.e., the sum of the donor and acceptor materials mentioned above) can be from 1:2 to 1:7, or any value within this range.

[0041]

[0042] The flexible substrate can be made of flexible transparent plastic. Specifically, the flexible substrate comprises a material selected from PET, PI, PMMA, PEN, PC, PEI or combinations thereof. Preferably, the flexible substrate is made of the above-mentioned materials. For example, a transparent flexible substrate can be made of PET.

[0043] In this disclosure, the modifying layer may comprise ZnO, MoO3, or a combination thereof. Also in this disclosure, the first electrode may be an anode, or the second electrode may be a cathode, or vice versa. The electrodes in this disclosure may be transparent electrodes comprising ITO, IZO, SnO2, ZnO, or any combination thereof. Alternatively, the electrodes in this disclosure may be translucent or reflective electrodes comprising magnesium, silver, aluminum, calcium, indium, or any combination thereof. In the flexible organic solar cell of this disclosure, the top electrode may be made of a conductive metal or a conductive organic material, preferably silver.

[0044] In this disclosure, the solar-powered electronic tag is a self-powered electronic tag comprising a flexible organic solar cell module and an electronic tag module. The flexible organic solar cell module converts light into electricity and directly powers the electronic tag module. The flexible organic solar cell module of this disclosure is characterized by high efficiency, flexibility, and lightweight, enabling direct solar power for the electronic tag.

[0045] According to this disclosure, by utilizing the advantages of the organic solar cell of this application, such as high-efficiency energy conversion, lightweight, flexibility, and easy encapsulation, an effective solution is provided for the power supply system of electronic tags, eliminating the need for additional batteries or charging equipment for the electronic tags. Furthermore, issues such as energy consumption, environmental pollution, and cost of electronic tags are addressed to some extent. In addition, the working life of the electronic tags is improved, and they can be applied to both indoor and outdoor item management.

[0046] Example

[0047] Various embodiments will be described in more detail below through the following examples, but the inventive concept herein is not limited thereto.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] The solar cell structure of Example 1 is as follows Figure 5 As shown, it includes a flexible transparent substrate (1), a transparent electrode (2), an electron transport layer (3), an interface layer, an active layer (4), a hole transport layer (5), and a top electrode (6), wherein the flexible transparent substrate is PET, the transparent electrode is ITO, the electron transport layer is ZnO, the interface layer is PFN-Br, the active layer is PM6:BO-4Cl, the hole transport layer is MoO3, and the top electrode is a silver electrode.

[0050] The method for preparing the solar cell is as follows:

[0051] S01: Clean the PET (175μm) substrate (purchased from Liaoning Youxuan New Energy Technology Co., Ltd.) with an ITO (150nm) conductive layer in sequence with acetone, deionized water and isopropanol, and dry it with nitrogen gas and place it in a clean petri dish for later use.

[0052] S02: Clean flexible ITO / PET is subjected to UV ozone cleaning treatment for 15 minutes to improve its surface hydrophilicity.

[0053] S03: A zirconium oxide solution (10 mg / ml) containing zirconium oxide was spin-coated onto a clean ITO / PET surface at a spin speed of 3000 rpm for 20 seconds. The solution was then annealed at 120°C for 10 minutes to obtain a zinc oxide film with a uniform thickness of 25 nm.

[0054] S04: Spin-coating an interface layer material (PFN-Br) onto the ZnO surface to reduce surface roughness and improve the work function of the ZnO surface. The spin-coating speed and time are 3000 rpm and 50 seconds, respectively, and the thickness of the layer is 3 nm.

[0055] S05: The donor material PM6 and the organic acceptor material BO-4Cl were dissolved in chlorobenzene solvent at a mass ratio of 1:1.2 to obtain an active layer solution, and 0.3 vol% DIO (all values ​​here and below are volume percentages relative to the solvent) was added, resulting in a total solution concentration of 22 mg / ml. The solution was then spin-coated onto the PFN-Br surface at a spin speed of 1800 rpm and a spin time of 30 seconds. Subsequently, the solution was heat-annealed at 100 °C for 5 min using a constant temperature hot table, resulting in a thickness of 100 nm.

[0056] S06: Vacuum evaporation of an anode modification layer MoO3 onto the surface of the active layer, with an evaporation pressure of 10. -4 The anode layer has a thickness of 5 nm and a metal anode (Ag) is vacuum-deposited onto its surface at a pressure of 10 Pa. -4 Pa, with a thickness of 150 nm.

[0057] Figure 8 The JV curve of a single-junction flexible organic solar cell based on PM6:BO-4Cl is shown under standard sunlight. Its power conversion efficiency (PCE) is 16.57%, open-circuit voltage (Voc) is 0.827V, fill factor (FF) is 72.64%, and current density (Jsc) is 27.17 mA / cm². 2 . Figure 9 The table below shows the external quantum efficiency of a single-segment flexible organic solar cell based on PM6:BO-4Cl at different wavelengths. Table 2 below presents the performance parameters of the single-segment flexible organic solar cell based on the PM6:BO-4Cl active layer.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] Following steps similar to those in Example 1, a flexible organic solar cell module composed of multiple flexible organic solar cells connected in series and parallel was fabricated for driving electronic tags. In this embodiment, unless otherwise specified, the thickness of each layer is the same as in Example 1.

[0060] The solar-powered electronic tag in Example 2 consists of a solar cell module (structure as follows) Figure 6 The module consists of a power control module, a control unit, a wireless signal transmission module, an information storage module, and a display module. The electronic tag module (purchased from GICISKY, model: 2.1 inch) includes a power control module, a control unit, a wireless signal transmission module, an information storage module, and a display module. A single solar cell in the solar cell module includes a flexible transparent substrate (1), a transparent electrode (2), an electron transport layer (3), an active layer (4), a hole transport layer (5), and a top electrode (6). The flexible transparent substrate is PET, the transparent electrode is ITO, the electron transport layer is ZnO, the active layer is PM6:BO-4Cl, the hole transport layer is MoO3, and the top electrode is a silver electrode.

[0061] By patterning the bottom transparent electrode and designing a mask for the top electrode, multiple flexible organic solar cells can be connected in series and parallel to drive electronic tags, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0062] The method for preparing the solar cell module is as follows:

[0063] S01: Laser etching is performed on the ITO on the PET substrate to pattern it, and ITO substrates of different areas are prepared.

[0064] S02: Clean the PET substrate with the ITO conductive layer in sequence with acetone, deionized water and isopropanol, dry it with nitrogen gas and place it in a clean petri dish for later use.

[0065] S03: Clean the flexible ITO / PET with ultraviolet ozone for 15 minutes to improve its surface hydrophilicity.

[0066] S04: Coat a clean ITO / PET surface with a n-butanol solution (10 mg / ml) containing ZnO, adjust the distance between the squeegee and the substrate to 200 μm, the squeegee speed to 5 mm / s, and the substrate temperature to 50 °C.

[0067] S05: Anneal the obtained ZnO film at 120℃ for 10 minutes to obtain a ZnO film with uniform thickness of 25nm.

[0068] S06: A methanol solution of PEN-Br (0.5 mg / ml) was coated on the surface of ZnO as an interface layer. The distance between the scraper and the substrate was adjusted to 200 μm, the scraping speed was 10 mm / s, the stage temperature was 25 °C, and the thickness was 3 nm.

[0069] S07: The donor material PM6 and the organic acceptor material BO-4Cl were dissolved in chlorobenzene solvent at a mass ratio of 1:1.2 to obtain an active layer solution, and 0.3 vol% DIO was added, with a total solution concentration of 22 mg / ml. The solution was uniformly coated onto the ZnO surface using a blade coating method with a blade-to-substrate distance of 400 μm, a coating speed of 10 mm / s, and a substrate temperature of 60 °C. Subsequently, the solution was heat-annealed at 100 °C for 5 min using a constant temperature hot stage, resulting in a thickness of 100 nm.

[0070] S08: Vacuum evaporation of an anode modification layer of MoO3 onto the surface of the active layer, with an evaporation pressure of 10. -4 Pa, with a thickness of 5 nm.

[0071] S09 places the device after MoO3 evaporation on a patterned mask and scribing the device with a hard, thin rod so that the sub-cells of the module expose the cathodes in the appropriate positions. When evaporating the metallic silver electrodes, the sub-cells can be connected in series.

[0072] S10 is used to vacuum-deposit a metallic anode Ag on the surface of the anode modification layer. The pressure at which the metallic anode is deposited is 10. -4 Pa, with a thickness of 150 nm.

[0073] S11: Connect the flexible organic solar cell to the electronic tag via an external connection (e.g., ... Figure 3 As shown in the figure, this enables the electronic tag to be driven under indoor lighting conditions, and enables signal transmission between the mobile phone and the electronic tag via Bluetooth.

[0074] Figure 10 The JV curve of the flexible organic solar cell module under standard sunlight is shown, with an open-circuit voltage of 3.312V and a current density of 6.72mA / cm². 2 Table 1 shows the performance parameters of flexible organic solar cell modules of different areas under different light intensities. Figure 7 The prepared area is 25.2 cm². 2 Optical photograph of a flexible organic solar cell module.

[0075] Table 1: Performance parameters of flexible organic solar cell modules under different test conditions

[0076]

[0077] Example 3

[0078] Following steps similar to those in Example 1, an organic solar cell with an active layer composed of PM6:CH-6Cl was prepared. The solar cell includes a flexible transparent substrate (1), a transparent electrode (2), an electron transport layer (3), an interface layer, an active layer (4), a hole transport layer (5), and a top electrode (6). The flexible transparent substrate is PET, the transparent electrode is ITO, the electron transport layer is ZnO, the interface layer is PFN-Br, the active layer is PM6:CH-6Cl, the hole transport layer is MoO3, and the top electrode is a silver electrode. In this embodiment, unless otherwise specified, the thickness of each layer is the same as in Example 1.

[0079] The method for preparing the solar cell is as follows:

[0080] S01: Clean the PET substrate with the ITO conductive layer in sequence with acetone, deionized water and isopropanol, dry it with nitrogen gas and place it in a clean petri dish for later use.

[0081] S02: Clean flexible ITO / PET is subjected to UV ozone cleaning treatment for 15 minutes to improve its surface hydrophilicity.

[0082] S03: A ZnO-containing n-butanol solution (10 mg / ml) was spin-coated onto a clean ITO / PET surface at a spin speed of 3000 rpm for 20 seconds. The solution was then annealed at 120°C for 10 minutes to obtain a uniform ZnO film with a thickness of 25 nm.

[0083] S04: Spin-coating an interface layer material (PFN-Br) onto the zinc oxide surface to reduce surface roughness and improve the work function of the ZnO surface. The spin-coating speed and time are 3000 rpm and 50 seconds, respectively, with a thickness of 3 nm.

[0084] S05: The donor material PM6 and the organic acceptor material CH6Cl were dissolved in chlorobenzene solvent at a mass ratio of 1:1.2 to obtain an active layer solution, and 0.3 vol% DIO was added to make the total concentration of the solution 22 mg / ml. The solution was then spin-coated onto the PFN-Br surface at a spin speed of 1800 rpm and a spin time of 30 seconds. Subsequently, it was heat-annealed at 100 °C for 5 min using a constant temperature hot table to achieve a thickness of 100 nm.

[0085] S06: Vacuum evaporation of an anode modification layer MoO3 onto the surface of the active layer, with an evaporation pressure of 10. -4 A metal anode Ag was vacuum-deposited onto the surface of the anode modification layer at a pressure of 10 Pa and a thickness of 5 nm. -4 Pa, with a thickness of 150 nm.

[0086] Figure 11This is the external quantum efficiency curve of the flexible organic solar cell. Figure 12 The JV curve of this flexible organic solar cell is shown under standard sunlight, with an open-circuit voltage of 0.88V and a current density of 25.81mA / cm². 2 The energy conversion efficiency is 17.42%.

[0087] Example 4

[0088] Following steps similar to those in Example 1, an organic solar cell with an active layer composed of PM6:CH-6Cl was fabricated and used to drive an electronic tag. The solar electronic tag in Example 3 consists of a solar cell module and an electronic tag module. The electronic tag module is the same as in Example 2. The solar cell module includes a flexible transparent substrate (1), a transparent electrode (2), an electron transport layer (3), an interface layer, an active layer (4), a hole transport layer (5), and a top electrode (6). The flexible transparent substrate is PET, the transparent electrode is ITO, the electron transport layer is zinc oxide, the interface layer is PFN-Br, the active layer is PM6:CH-6Cl, the hole transport layer is molybdenum oxide, and the top electrode is a silver electrode. In this example, unless otherwise specified, the thickness of each layer is the same as in Example 1.

[0089] The method for preparing the solar cell module is as follows:

[0090] S01: Clean the PET substrate with the ITO conductive layer in sequence with acetone, deionized water and isopropanol, dry it with nitrogen gas and place it in a clean petri dish for later use.

[0091] S02: Clean flexible ITO / PET is subjected to UV ozone cleaning treatment for 15 minutes to improve its surface hydrophilicity.

[0092] S03: A ZnO-containing n-butanol solution (10 mg / ml) was spin-coated onto a clean ITO / PET surface at a spin speed of 3000 rpm for 20 seconds. The solution was then annealed at 120°C for 10 minutes to obtain a uniform ZnO film with a thickness of 25 nm.

[0093] S04: Spin-coating an interface layer material (PFN-Br) onto the zinc oxide surface to reduce surface roughness and improve the work function of the ZnO surface. The spin-coating speed and time are 3000 rpm and 50 seconds, respectively, with a thickness of 3 nm.

[0094] S05: The donor material PM6 and the organic acceptor material CH6Cl were dissolved in chlorobenzene solvent at a mass ratio of 1:1.2 to obtain an active layer solution, and 0.3 vol% DIO was added to make the total concentration of the solution 22 mg / ml. The solution was then spin-coated onto the PFN-Br surface at a spin speed of 1800 rpm and a spin time of 30 seconds. Subsequently, it was heat-annealed at 100 °C for 5 min using a constant temperature hot table to achieve a thickness of 100 nm.

[0095] S06: Vacuum evaporation of an anode modification layer MoO3 onto the surface of the active layer, with an evaporation pressure of 10. -4 Pa, with a thickness of 5 nm.

[0096] S07 places the device after MoO3 evaporation on a patterned mask and scribing the device with a hard, thin rod so that the sub-cells of the module expose the cathodes in the appropriate positions. When evaporating the metallic silver electrodes, the sub-cells can be connected in series.

[0097] S08 involves vacuum evaporating Ag metal anodes onto the surface of the anode modification layer, with the evaporation pressure being 10. -4 Pa, with a thickness of 150 nm.

[0098] Table 3 shows the performance parameters of a flexible organic solar cell module based on PM6:CH-6Cl.

[0099] Example 5

[0100] Following steps similar to those in Example 1, the solar cell includes a flexible transparent substrate (1), a transparent electrode (2), an electron transport layer (3), an interface layer, an active layer (4), a hole transport layer (5), and a top electrode (6), wherein the flexible transparent substrate is PET, the transparent electrode is ITO, the electron transport layer is ZnO, the interface layer is PFN-Br, the active layer is PM6:F3EH-2Cl, the hole transport layer is MoO3, and the top electrode is a silver electrode. In this embodiment, unless otherwise specified, the thickness of each layer is the same as in Example 1.

[0101] The method for preparing the solar cell is as follows:

[0102] S01: Clean the PET substrate with the ITO conductive layer in sequence with acetone, deionized water and isopropanol, dry it with nitrogen gas and place it in a clean petri dish for later use.

[0103] S02: Clean flexible ITO / PET is subjected to UV ozone cleaning treatment for 15 minutes to improve its surface hydrophilicity.

[0104] S03: A zirconium oxide solution (10 mg / ml) containing zirconium oxide was spin-coated onto a clean ITO / PET surface at a spin speed of 3000 rpm for 20 seconds. The solution was then annealed at 120°C for 10 minutes to obtain a zinc oxide film with a uniform thickness of 25 nm.

[0105] S04: Spin-coating an interface layer material (PFN-Br) onto the ZnO surface to reduce surface roughness and improve the work function of the ZnO surface. The spin-coating speed and time are 3000 rpm and 50 seconds, respectively, and the thickness is 3 nm.

[0106] S05: The donor material PM6 and the organic acceptor material F3EH-2Cl were dissolved in chlorobenzene solvent at a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain an active layer solution. 0.3 vol% DIO was added, resulting in a total solution concentration of 20 mg / ml. This solution was then spin-coated onto the PFN-Br surface at a spin speed of 1800 rpm and a spin time of 30 seconds. Subsequently, it was heat-annealed at 100 °C for 5 min using a constant-temperature hot table, achieving a thickness of 110 nm.

[0107] S06: Vacuum evaporation of an anode modification layer MoO3 onto the surface of the active layer, with an evaporation pressure of 10. -4 Pa, with a thickness of 5 nm.

[0108] S07 involves vacuum evaporating Ag metal anodes onto the surface of the anode modification layer. The pressure at which the metal anodes are deposited is 10. -4 Pa, with a thickness of 150 nm.

[0109] Figure 13 This refers to the external quantum efficiency of the flexible organic solar cell. Figure 14 The JV curve of this flexible organic solar cell under standard sunlight is given, where V is... OC It is 0.952V, J SC 18.99 mA / cm 2 FF = 76.27%, PCE = 13.79%.

[0110] Table 2: Performance parameters of flexible organic solar cells based on different active layer systems

[0111]

[0112] Table 3: Performance parameters of flexible organic solar cell modules and their single-junction devices based on the PM6:CH-6Cl active layer system

[0113]

[0114] As shown above, the solar cell modules in Examples 1-4 are all capable of providing sufficient energy for the electronic tag module, and as... Figure 7As shown, it exhibits sufficient portability and flexibility. Prior to this application, existing solar cells had low energy conversion efficiency when meeting flexibility requirements, generally in the range of 5-10%, which could not meet the long-term use of electronic tags. On the other hand, solar cells with high energy conversion efficiency were usually large in size or lacked flexibility, making them unsuitable for integration with electronic tags, especially for miniaturized electronic tag applications. In contrast, the solar-powered electronic tag disclosed in this application can be used for a long time and is suitable for a wide range of application scenarios, especially operating effectively under indoor light conditions.

[0115] While certain embodiments and implementations have been described herein, other embodiments and modifications will be apparent from this specification. Therefore, the inventive concept is not limited to such embodiments, but rather to the broader scope of the appended claims and various obvious modifications and equivalent arrangements that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A solar-powered electronic tag, comprising an electronic tag module and a solar cell module for providing energy to the electronic tag module, wherein the solar cell module has a flexible substrate, and a first electrode, a first modification layer, an active layer, a second modification layer, and a second electrode sequentially disposed on the flexible substrate. The active layer comprises at least one of the following: PM6:F-2F; PM6:F-2Cl; PM6:FO-2F; P3HT:PC 61 BM; PM6:BO-4Cl, The donor material PM6 or P3HT and the acceptor materials F-2F, F-2Cl, FO-2F, and PC are used together. 61 The mass ratio of BM or BO-4Cl is 1:1-1.

5. The active layer further comprises 1,8-diiodooctane, and The first modification layer comprises zinc oxide, tin dioxide, cuprous thiocyanate or a combination thereof, and the second modification layer comprises molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonic acid), nickel oxide or a combination thereof.

2. The solar-powered electronic tag according to claim 1, wherein the solar cell module is externally connected to the electronic tag module, or the solar cell module is integrated with the electronic tag module.

3. The solar-powered electronic tag according to claim 1, wherein the electronic tag module includes a wireless information transmission module, a signal processing and storage module, a display module, and a power management module.

4. The solar-powered electronic tag according to claim 1, wherein the solar cell module is a flexible solar cell or a flexible solar cell module. The flexible solar cell has a flexible substrate, and a first electrode, a first modification layer, an active layer, a second modification layer, and a second electrode sequentially disposed on the flexible substrate; The flexible solar cell module is formed by connecting multiple flexible solar cells in series and / or in parallel.

5. The solar-powered electronic tag according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the donor material PM6 or P3HT and the acceptor material F-2F, F-2Cl, FO-2F, or PC 61 The mass ratio of BM or BO-4Cl is 1:1.

2.

6. The solar electronic tag according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the flexible substrate is made of flexible transparent plastic.

7. The solar electronic tag according to claim 6, wherein the flexible substrate is selected from polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyetherimide, or combinations thereof.

8. The solar electronic tag according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an interface layer is further present between the modification layer and the active layer.

9. The solar electronic tag according to claim 8, wherein the interface layer comprises PFN-Br, Pvpy, PEI or a combination thereof.

10. The solar electronic tag according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first electrode or the second electrode is: a transparent electrode comprising indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide or any combination thereof; a translucent electrode or a reflective electrode comprising magnesium, silver, aluminum, calcium, indium or any combination thereof.

11. An electronic device comprising a solar-powered electronic tag according to any one of claims 1-10.

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