Fuel cell system based on electrochemical hydrogen pump and start-up control method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a fuel cell system based on an electrochemical hydrogen pump and a starting control method thereof, and belongs to the field of fuel cells. The fuel cell system based on the electrochemical hydrogen pump comprises a reformer module, an electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module, a fuel cell stack module, a fluid management module and a control module. The system can utilize non-pure hydrogen fuel to generate electricity with a low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, and can achieve high system power density, high fuel utilization and low-temperature rapid starting while taking into account the simplicity of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to a fuel cell system based on an electrochemical hydrogen pump and its start-up control method, belonging to the field of fuel cells. Background Technology

[0002] Fuel cells are energy conversion devices that directly convert the chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy. They offer numerous advantages such as high efficiency, zero pollution, and low noise, and have broad application prospects in power supplies, backup power supplies, and mobile power sources. Hydrogen is the preferred fuel for fuel cells, but its large-scale application is limited by numerous problems in its preparation, storage, and transportation. Reforming liquid fuels (such as methanol, ethanol, and diesel) to produce hydrogen is an effective solution.

[0003] Currently, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) using hydrogen-rich reformed gas can be broadly categorized into low-temperature and high-temperature types based on their operating temperature. Low-temperature PEMFCs primarily utilize Nafion-based PEMs, operating at temperatures between 60°C and 80°C, with a carbon monoxide (CO) tolerance of less than 100 ppm. However, the CO concentration in the hydrogen-rich gas directly obtained from the reformer can reach tens of thousands of ppm, necessitating hydrogen purification devices to reduce the CO in the reformed gas to below 100 ppm. Conventional hydrogen purification methods include physical and chemical methods. Physical methods include pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and palladium membrane separation; chemical methods include CO methanation and CO preferential oxidation. PSA systems are complex, palladium membrane separation is expensive, CO methanation consumes a large amount of hydrogen and involves a water-gas reverse shift reaction while purifying CO, and CO preferential oxidation requires the introduction of sufficient oxygen into the hydrogen-rich gas. Therefore, all these methods have certain drawbacks.

[0004] In contrast, high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) primarily use ion exchange membranes based on PBI / H3PO4 or solid acids, with operating temperatures ranging from 150°C to 250°C. They can withstand CO levels of up to 30,000 ppm or even higher, so reformed gas can directly enter the fuel cell without purification, significantly simplifying the system process. However, the power density of high-temperature stacks is lower than that of low-temperature stacks, and the volume of high-temperature stacks is much larger than that of low-temperature stacks for the same power output.

[0005] Currently, to balance system power density and fuel utilization range, reforming and hydrogen purification systems can be introduced into low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation systems. Among these, an electrochemical hydrogen pump based on the fuel cell can be used for hydrogen purification. For example, Patent 1 (US9186624B2) describes a hydrogen purification device that has an electrolyte membrane between the anode and cathode, and purifies and pressurizes hydrogen by applying a voltage between the anode and cathode.

[0006] Furthermore, rapid low-temperature start-up of cryogenic proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation systems based on reforming systems remains a technical challenge. Currently, the mainstream start-up heating methods include electric heating, cathode undergassing heating, and hydrogen pump heating. Electric heating raises the system temperature by heating the heat transfer medium or directly heating system components with an external power source, but this process requires a large amount of electrical energy and has low heating efficiency, necessitating the use of large-volume batteries. Cathode undergassing heating utilizes the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell for heating. For example, Patent 2 (CN112349932A) discloses a control method for rapid low-temperature start-up of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which monitors the real-time temperature of the stack and the voltage value of each segment within the stack to implement starvation control of the cathode reactants, thereby achieving rapid stack heating. Hydrogen pump heating utilizes the principle of an electrochemical hydrogen pump, generating heat through proton migration within the proton exchange membrane. Since CO in the reformed gas can severely poison the catalyst at low temperatures, both of the latter heating methods require the introduction of pure hydrogen-rich gas into the fuel cell stack; that is, a hydrogen purification device is required during rapid start-up. Summary of the Invention

[0007] According to the first aspect of this application, and considering the current technical characteristics, in order to achieve high system power density, high fuel utilization, and rapid low-temperature start-up while maintaining system simplicity, a fuel cell system based on an electrochemical hydrogen pump is provided. A reformer module reforms the fuel into a first hydrogen-containing gas, and then an electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module enriches the first hydrogen-containing gas into a second hydrogen-containing gas with a hydrogen concentration higher than 99% and a carbon monoxide concentration lower than 100 ppm. Finally, the second hydrogen-containing gas is used in conjunction with the fuel cell module to generate electricity. The anode exhaust gas from the fuel cell module can be fed back into the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module for secondary utilization. The start-up method includes preheating the electrochemical hydrogen pump module and the fuel cell module through fuel catalytic combustion, while simultaneously introducing pure hydrogen generated by the hydrogen pump module and ambient air into the fuel cell module for an electrochemical reaction to generate heat, thereby accelerating the start-up rate.

[0008] A fuel cell system based on an electrochemical hydrogen pump, the fuel cell system comprising a reformer module, an electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module, a fuel cell stack module, a fluid management module, and a control module;

[0009] The reformer module includes a combustion chamber, a heat exchange chamber, and a reforming chamber;

[0010] The electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module includes a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack.

[0011] The fuel cell stack module includes a cryogenic proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack.

[0012] The fluid management module includes a fuel storage tank, a first fuel flow controller, a second fuel flow controller, a first air flow controller, a first cooling system, and a second cooling system;

[0013] The control module controls the electrical components of each of the above modules;

[0014] The fuel storage tank, the reformer module, the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module, and the fuel cell stack module are connected in sequence via pipelines.

[0015] There is heat exchange between the first cooling system and the heat exchange chamber and the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module;

[0016] There is heat exchange between the second cooling system and the fuel cell stack module.

[0017] The reformer module can be a standalone component or an integrated reactor.

[0018] The electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module includes at least one high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, which can be a single high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack or a cascade stack consisting of multiple high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks connected in series. The proton exchange membrane of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a proton exchange membrane based on PBI / H3PO4 or a solid acid.

[0019] The fuel cell stack module includes at least one cryogenic proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, which can be a single cryogenic proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack or a stack group composed of multiple cryogenic proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks connected in parallel.

[0020] Optionally, the first cooling system includes a first coolant, a first coolant storage tank, a first radiator, a first coolant flow controller, and a first heat exchanger.

[0021] Optionally, the second cooling system includes a second coolant, a second coolant storage tank, a second radiator, a second coolant flow controller, and a second heat exchanger.

[0022] Optionally, the second cooling system exchanges heat with the first heat exchanger.

[0023] Optionally, there is heat exchange between the air duct where the first air flow controller is located and the second heat exchanger.

[0024] Optionally, the reformer module reforms the fuel into a first hydrogen-containing gas.

[0025] Optionally, the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module enriches and filters the first hydrogen-containing gas into a second hydrogen-containing gas.

[0026] The electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module can oxidize hydrogen in the first hydrogen-containing gas at its anode into protons through an electrochemical process. The protons pass through the proton exchange membrane into its cathode and are reduced to hydrogen at the cathode. Meanwhile, the non-hydrogen gases in the first hydrogen-containing gas are isolated at the anode by the proton exchange membrane, thereby enriching and filtering the first hydrogen-containing gas into the second hydrogen-containing gas.

[0027] Optionally, the first hydrogen-containing exhaust gas generated by the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module is either introduced into the combustion chamber for heating or discharged into the atmosphere.

[0028] Optionally, air is introduced into the cathode of the fuel cell stack module, and a second hydrogen-containing gas is introduced into the anode of the fuel cell stack module to generate electricity through reaction.

[0029] Optionally, the second hydrogen-containing exhaust gas generated at the anode of the fuel cell stack module is introduced into the anode of the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module and / or the combustion chamber.

[0030] The reformer module can reform the fuel into a first hydrogen-containing gas, which is then introduced into the anode of the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module.

[0031] The electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module can enrich and filter a first hydrogen-containing gas into a second hydrogen-containing gas through an electrochemical process. The second hydrogen-containing gas is generated from the cathode of the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module and introduced into the anode of the fuel cell stack module. The first hydrogen-containing exhaust gas generated by the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module can be introduced into the combustion chamber for heating or directly discharged into the atmosphere.

[0032] Air is introduced into the cathode of the fuel cell stack module, where it reacts with a second hydrogen-containing gas at the anode via an electrochemical process to generate electricity. The second hydrogen-containing gas, passing through the anode of the fuel cell stack module, produces a second hydrogen-containing exhaust gas, which is then introduced into the anode of the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module to improve hydrogen utilization and replenish water lost during high-temperature operation. This second hydrogen-containing exhaust gas can also be partially introduced into the combustion chamber to maintain system temperature.

[0033] Optionally, the carbon monoxide content in the second hydrogen-containing gas is less than 100 ppm.

[0034] The carbon monoxide content in the second hydrogen-containing gas is 1 ppm to 100 ppm.

[0035] Optionally, the hydrogen content in the second hydrogen-containing gas is higher than 99% (excluding water vapor).

[0036] Optionally, the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module is integrated on the fuel cell stack module, and the cathode outlet of the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module is directly connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack module.

[0037] Optionally, a buffer tank is provided between the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module and the fuel cell stack module.

[0038] In this fuel cell system, a second hydrogen-containing gas is generated at the cathode of the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module and then introduced into the anode of the fuel cell stack module. The electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module can also be connected in series with at least one hydrogen buffer chamber, and the second hydrogen-containing gas can be introduced into the hydrogen buffer chamber first, and then into the fuel cell stack module.

[0039] The electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module can be directly integrated into the fuel cell stack module, with its cathode outlet directly connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack module; alternatively, it can be separated from the fuel cell stack module by an insulated hydrogen buffer chamber, with its cathode outlet first directly connected to the hydrogen buffer chamber, and the outlet of the hydrogen buffer chamber then directly connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack module.

[0040] According to a second aspect of this application, a start-up control method for a fuel cell system is provided.

[0041] The above-described start-up control method for a fuel cell system includes the following steps:

[0042] S1. The fuel flow rate entering the combustion chamber is controlled by the second fuel flow controller to control the heat generated by the catalytic combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber. At the same time, the first coolant flow rate is controlled by the first coolant flow controller. The first coolant flows through the heat exchange chamber to raise the temperature and heat the electrochemical hydrogen pump module.

[0043] S2. After the electrochemical hydrogen pump module reaches the preset temperature I, the flow rate of the second coolant is controlled by the second coolant flow controller. The second coolant flows through the first heat exchanger to raise the temperature and heat the fuel cell stack module.

[0044] S3. After the temperature of the electrochemical hydrogen pump module reaches the preset temperature II and the temperature of the fuel cell stack module reaches the preset temperature III, the fuel flow rate entering the reforming chamber is controlled by the first fuel flow controller, and the first hydrogen-containing gas generated by the reforming of the fuel in the reforming chamber is introduced into the anode of the electrochemical hydrogen pump module.

[0045] S4. The output of the second hydrogen-containing gas is controlled by controlling the input current applied to the electrochemical hydrogen pump module through the control module, and the second hydrogen-containing gas is introduced into the anode of the fuel cell stack module.

[0046] S5. The air flow is controlled by the first air flow controller. The air is preheated by the second heat exchanger and then enters the cathode of the fuel cell stack module.

[0047] S6. When the voltage of the fuel cell stack module reaches the preset voltage I, the control module maintains the voltage of the fuel cell stack module at the preset voltage II.

[0048] S7. After the temperature of the fuel cell stack module reaches the preset temperature IV, adjust the preset flow rate of the first air flow controller, the input current of the electrochemical hydrogen pump module, and the output current of the fuel cell stack module to the parameter values ​​under normal operating conditions.

[0049] In step S6, when the fuel cell stack module voltage reaches the preset voltage I, the air flow controlled by the first air flow controller is adjusted and the load applied to both ends of the fuel cell stack module is controlled by the control module to maintain the fuel cell stack module voltage at the preset voltage II.

[0050] Optionally, the preset temperature I is 20℃~120℃.

[0051] Optionally, the preset temperature II is 100℃~200℃.

[0052] Optionally, the preset temperature III is 0℃~90℃.

[0053] Optionally, the preset temperature IV is 50℃~90℃.

[0054] Optionally, the preset voltage I is 0.7nV to 1.23nV.

[0055] Optionally, the preset voltage II is 0V to 0.7nV, where n is the number of battery cells in the fuel cell stack module.

[0056] Optionally, by adjusting the airflow controlled by the first airflow controller and controlling the load applied to both ends of the fuel cell stack module, the voltage of the fuel cell stack module can be maintained near the preset voltage II.

[0057] Optionally, the duration I from the start of the second coolant flow controller until the temperature of the fuel cell stack module reaches the preset temperature III is recorded;

[0058] Compare the duration I with the preset time threshold I;

[0059] If the duration I is greater than or equal to a preset time threshold I, the first fuel flow controller is activated to reform the fuel in the reforming chamber to generate a first hydrogen-containing gas, which is then introduced into the anode of the electrochemical hydrogen pump module. The control module controls the input current applied to the electrochemical hydrogen pump module to control the production of the second hydrogen-containing gas and introduces the second hydrogen-containing gas into the anode of the fuel cell stack module.

[0060] Optionally, the duration II of the input current applied to the electrochemical hydrogen pump module is statistically analyzed;

[0061] Compare the duration II with the preset time threshold II;

[0062] If the duration II is greater than or equal to the preset time threshold II, the input current applied to the fuel cell stack module is controlled by the control module to form an electrochemical hydrogen pump inside the fuel cell stack module and generate heat until the temperature of the fuel cell stack module reaches the preset temperature III.

[0063] Optionally, the preset time threshold I is 5 min to 60 min, to meet the system startup time requirements of different application scenarios;

[0064] The heating process of the electrochemical hydrogen pump formed inside the fuel cell stack module can accelerate the system temperature rise when the system ambient temperature is too low or when a rapid start-up is required, in order to meet the start-up time requirements of practical applications. However, this process has the potential to damage the fuel cell stack. Therefore, it is necessary to limit the number of times this start-up method can be used by setting a threshold I to improve the system life.

[0065] Optionally, the preset time threshold II is 5s to 60s;

[0066] Before the electrochemical hydrogen pump module heats up the fuel cell stack module, it is necessary to ensure that the hydrogen produced by the electrochemical hydrogen pump module is fully filled with the fuel cell stack module. However, in order to improve the stack life of this system, the anode and cathode are usually in a hydrogen-rich state when the stack is shut down. At this time, it is not possible to simply determine whether the hydrogen produced by the electrochemical hydrogen pump module is fully filled with the fuel cell stack module by means of the open circuit voltage. Therefore, a time threshold II is set during startup to ensure that the hydrogen produced by the electrochemical hydrogen pump module is fully filled with the fuel cell stack module when the fuel cell stack module generates heat through electrochemical reaction.

[0067] The beneficial effects that this application can produce include:

[0068] This application provides a fuel cell system based on an electrochemical hydrogen pump, which can generate electricity using non-pure hydrogen fuel and a low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack. While maintaining the simplicity of the system, it can also achieve high system power density, high fuel utilization rate, and rapid low-temperature start-up. Attached Figure Description

[0069] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the fuel cell system in Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0070] List of components and reference numerals:

[0071] Wherein, 100 is a fuel storage tank; 101 is a first fuel flow controller; 102 is a second fuel flow controller; 201 is a reforming chamber; 202 is a combustion chamber; 203 is a heat exchange chamber; 301 is an electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module; 302 is a buffer tank; 303 is a fuel cell stack module; 400 is a first coolant storage tank; 401 is a first coolant flow controller; 402 is a first heat exchanger; 403 is a first radiator; 410 is a second coolant storage tank; 411 is a second coolant flow controller; 412 is a second radiator; 413 is a second heat exchanger; and 501 is a first air flow controller.

[0072] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the control logic of the fuel cell system in Embodiment 1 of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0073] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Only essential elements for illustrating the invention are shown in the drawings; illustrations of other elements are omitted. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described below.

[0074] Example 1

[0075] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of Example 1 of a fuel cell system based on an electrochemical hydrogen pump.

[0076] like Figure 1 As shown, the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention includes: a fuel storage tank 100; a first fuel flow controller 101; a second fuel flow controller 102; a reforming chamber 201; a combustion chamber 202; a heat exchange chamber 203; an electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module 301; a buffer tank 302; a fuel cell stack module 303; a first coolant storage tank 400; a first coolant flow controller 401; a first heat exchanger 402; a first radiator 403; a second coolant storage tank 410; a second coolant flow controller 411; a second radiator 412; a second heat exchanger 413; and a first air flow controller 501.

[0077] In Example 1, the reformer module is integrated with a reforming chamber 201, a combustion chamber 202, and a heat exchange chamber 203. Different degrees of heat exchange exist between the reforming chamber 201, the combustion chamber 202, and the heat exchange chamber 203. The first cooling system consists of a first coolant storage tank 400, a first coolant flow controller 401, a first heat exchanger 402, and a first radiator 403. The second cooling system consists of a second coolant storage tank 410, a second coolant flow controller 411, a second radiator 412, and a second heat exchanger 413. The first coolant in the coolant storage tank 400 passes through it. Heat exchange exists between the first cooling system and the heat exchange chamber 203, the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module 301, and the second cooling system. Heat exchange also exists between the second cooling system and the fuel cell stack module 303 and the air path containing the first air flow controller 501.

[0078] Reference Figure 1 During system operation, fuel enters the reforming chamber 201 from the fuel storage tank 100 via the first fuel flow controller 101. In the reforming chamber 201, the fuel is reformed into a first hydrogen-containing gas, which is then pressure-driven into the anode of the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module 301. Hydrogen in the first hydrogen-containing gas is enriched at the cathode of the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module 301 through an electrochemical process to generate a second hydrogen-containing gas. This second hydrogen-containing gas is then pressure-driven into the buffer tank 302, and from there into the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack module 303. Simultaneously, controlled by the first air flow controller 501, air enters the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack module 303 via the second heat exchanger 413, where it reacts with the second hydrogen-containing gas at the anode of the fuel cell stack module 303 through an electrochemical process to generate electricity.

[0079] According to system requirements, fuel can enter the combustion chamber 202 from the fuel storage tank 100 via the second fuel flow controller 102, where it undergoes catalytic combustion to maintain the system temperature. A first hydrogen-containing exhaust gas is introduced into the combustion chamber from the anode outlet of the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module 301 for heating. A second hydrogen-containing exhaust gas is introduced into the anode of the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module 301 from the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack module 303 to improve hydrogen utilization and replenish water lost by the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack 301 during high-temperature operation. A portion of the second hydrogen-containing exhaust gas can also be introduced into the combustion chamber 202 from the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack module 303 to maintain the system temperature.

[0080] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the control logic for Example 1 of a fuel cell system based on an electrochemical hydrogen pump.

[0081] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 When the system starts up, the fuel flow rate entering the combustion chamber 202 is controlled by the second fuel flow controller 102 to control the heat generated by the catalytic combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber.

[0082] The flow rate of the first coolant is controlled by the first coolant flow controller 401. The first coolant flows through the heat exchange chamber 203 to raise the temperature and heat the electrochemical hydrogen pump module 301.

[0083] The temperature of the electrochemical hydrogen pump module 301 is monitored. When the temperature of the electrochemical hydrogen pump module reaches the preset temperature I, the flow rate of the second coolant is controlled by the second coolant flow controller 411. The second coolant flows through the first heat exchanger 402 to raise the temperature and heat the fuel cell stack module 303.

[0084] The temperature of the electrochemical hydrogen pump module 301 and the temperature of the fuel cell stack module 303 are monitored. When the temperature of the electrochemical hydrogen pump module 301 reaches the preset temperature II and the temperature of the fuel cell stack module 303 reaches the preset temperature III, the fuel flow rate entering the reforming chamber 201 is controlled by the first fuel flow controller 101 to control the production of the first hydrogen-containing gas. The input DC current applied to the electrochemical hydrogen pump module 301 is controlled by the control module to control the production of the second hydrogen-containing gas and to introduce the second hydrogen-containing gas into the anode of the fuel cell stack module 303. The air flow rate is controlled by the first air flow controller 501 so that the air is preheated by the second heat exchanger 413 and then enters the cathode of the fuel cell stack module 303.

[0085] The voltage of the fuel cell stack module 303 is monitored. When the voltage of the fuel cell stack module 303 reaches the preset voltage I, the air flow controlled by the first air flow controller 501 is adjusted and the load applied to both ends of the fuel cell stack module 303 is controlled by the control module to maintain the voltage of the fuel cell stack module 303 at the preset voltage II.

[0086] The temperature of the fuel cell stack module 303 is monitored. When the temperature of the fuel cell stack module 303 reaches the preset temperature IV, the preset flow rate of the first air flow controller 501, the input current of the electrochemical hydrogen pump module 301, and the output current of the fuel cell stack module 303 are adjusted to the parameter values ​​under normal operating conditions.

[0087] Example 2

[0088] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 When the ambient temperature is too low or in application scenarios that require rapid startup:

[0089] The duration I from the start of the second coolant flow controller 411 to the time before the temperature of the fuel cell stack module 303 reaches the preset temperature 3 is recorded. The duration I is compared with a preset time threshold I. If the duration I is greater than the preset time threshold I, the first fuel flow controller 101 is started to reform the reforming chamber 201 to generate the first hydrogen-containing gas and introduce it into the anode of the electrochemical hydrogen pump module 301. The input current applied to the electrochemical hydrogen pump module 301 is controlled by the control module to control the output of the second hydrogen-containing gas and introduce the second hydrogen-containing gas into the anode of the fuel cell stack module 303.

[0090] The duration II of the input current applied to the electrochemical hydrogen pump module 301 is statistically analyzed, and the duration II is compared with a preset time threshold II. If the duration II is greater than the preset time threshold II, the input current applied to the fuel cell stack module 303 is controlled by the control module to form an electrochemical hydrogen pump inside the fuel cell stack module 303 and generate heat until the temperature of the fuel cell stack module 303 reaches a preset temperature III.

[0091] The above description is merely a few embodiments of this application and is not intended to limit this application in any way. Although this application discloses preferred embodiments as described above, it is not intended to limit this application. Any changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the technical solution of this application using the disclosed technical content are equivalent to equivalent implementation cases and fall within the scope of the technical solution.

Claims

1. A fuel cell system based on an electrochemical hydrogen pump, characterized in that, The fuel cell system includes a reformer module, an electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module, a fuel cell stack module, a fluid management module, and a control module. The reformer module includes a combustion chamber, a heat exchange chamber, and a reforming chamber; The electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module includes a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack. The fuel cell stack module includes a cryogenic proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack. The fluid management module includes a fuel storage tank, a first fuel flow controller, a second fuel flow controller, a first air flow controller, a first cooling system, and a second cooling system; The first cooling system includes a first coolant, a first coolant storage tank, a first radiator, a first coolant flow controller, and a first heat exchanger; The second cooling system includes a second coolant, a second coolant storage tank, a second radiator, a second coolant flow controller, and a second heat exchanger; The control module controls the electrical components of each of the above modules; The fuel storage tank, the reformer module, the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module, and the fuel cell stack module are connected in sequence via pipelines. There is heat exchange between the first cooling system and the heat exchange chamber and the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module; There is heat exchange between the second cooling system and the fuel cell stack module; The start-up control method for the fuel cell system includes: S1. The fuel flow rate entering the combustion chamber is controlled by the second fuel flow controller to control the heat generated by the catalytic combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber. At the same time, the first coolant flow rate is controlled by the first coolant flow controller to make the first coolant flow through the heat exchange chamber to raise the temperature and heat the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module. S2. After the temperature of the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module reaches the preset temperature I, the flow rate of the second coolant is controlled by the second coolant flow controller. The second coolant flows through the first heat exchanger to raise the temperature and heat the fuel cell stack module. The preset temperature I is 20℃~120℃; S3. After the temperature of the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module reaches the preset temperature II and the temperature of the fuel cell stack module reaches the preset temperature III, the fuel flow rate entering the reforming chamber is controlled by the first fuel flow controller, and the first hydrogen-containing gas generated by the reforming of the fuel in the reforming chamber is introduced into the anode of the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module. The preset temperature II is 100℃~200℃; The preset temperature III is 0℃~90℃; S4. The input current applied to the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module is controlled by the control module to control the output of the second hydrogen-containing gas and to introduce the second hydrogen-containing gas into the anode of the fuel cell stack module. S5. The air flow is controlled by the first air flow controller. The air is preheated by the second heat exchanger and then enters the cathode of the fuel cell stack module. S6. When the voltage of the fuel cell stack module reaches the preset voltage I, the control module maintains the voltage of the fuel cell stack module at the preset voltage II. The preset voltage I is 0.7nV~1.23nV; The preset voltage II is 0V~0.7nV, where n is the number of battery cells in the fuel cell stack module; S7. After the temperature of the fuel cell stack module reaches the preset temperature IV, adjust the preset flow rate of the first air flow controller, the input current of the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module, and the output current of the fuel cell stack module to the parameter values ​​under normal operating conditions. The preset temperature IV is 50℃~90℃.

2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second cooling system exchanges heat with the first heat exchanger; There is heat exchange between the air duct where the first air flow controller is located and the second heat exchanger.

3. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, further characterized in that, The reformer module reforms the fuel into a first hydrogen-containing gas; The electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module enriches and filters the first hydrogen-containing gas into a second hydrogen-containing gas. The first hydrogen-containing exhaust gas generated by the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module is either fed into the combustion chamber for heating or discharged into the atmosphere. Air is introduced into the cathode of the fuel cell stack module, and a second hydrogen-containing gas is introduced into the anode of the fuel cell stack module to generate electricity through reaction. The second hydrogen-containing exhaust gas generated at the anode of the fuel cell stack module is introduced into the anode of the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module and / or the combustion chamber.

4. The fuel cell system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The carbon monoxide content in the second hydrogen-containing gas is less than 100 ppm; The hydrogen content in the second hydrogen-containing gas is higher than 99%.

5. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module is integrated on the fuel cell stack module, and the cathode outlet of the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module is directly connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack module. A buffer tank is provided between the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module and the fuel cell stack module.

6. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that, By adjusting the airflow controlled by the first airflow controller and controlling the load applied to both ends of the fuel cell stack module, the voltage of the fuel cell stack module is maintained near the preset voltage II.

7. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The duration I from the start of the second coolant flow controller until the temperature of the fuel cell stack module reaches the preset temperature III is recorded. Compare the duration I with the preset time threshold I; If the duration I is greater than or equal to a preset time threshold I, the first fuel flow controller is activated to reform the fuel in the reforming chamber to generate a first hydrogen-containing gas, which is then introduced into the anode of the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module. The control module controls the input current applied to the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module to control the production of the second hydrogen-containing gas and introduces the second hydrogen-containing gas into the anode of the fuel cell stack module.

8. The fuel cell system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The duration of the input current applied to the electrochemical hydrogen pump stack module is statistically analyzed (II). Compare the duration II with the preset time threshold II; If the duration II is greater than or equal to the preset time threshold II, the input current applied to the fuel cell stack module is controlled by the control module to form an electrochemical hydrogen pump inside the fuel cell stack module and generate heat until the temperature of the fuel cell stack module reaches the preset temperature III.

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