Membrane electrode assembly, method for producing the same, and use thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a membrane electrode assembly and a preparation method and application thereof, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) placing a transfer film with a first catalyst layer on a first protective film; (2) placing a first gasket on the first protective film; (3) placing a proton exchange membrane on the transfer film with the first catalyst layer, and then placing a transfer film with a second catalyst layer on the proton exchange membrane, away from the side of the transfer film with the first catalyst layer; (4) placing a second gasket on the proton exchange membrane, and then placing a second protective film on the transfer film with the second catalyst layer, and then performing hot-press transfer printing; (5) removing the first gasket and the second gasket, and then removing the first protective film and the second protective film, and finally peeling off the transfer film on the transfer film with the first catalyst layer and the transfer film on the transfer film with the second catalyst layer, so as to obtain the membrane electrode assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel cell technology, specifically to a membrane electrode assembly, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is the site of electrochemical reactions in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. It serves as the medium for transferring electrons and protons, providing channels for the entry and exit of reactant gases, exhaust gases, and liquid water. A typical MEA consists of five parts: the central proton exchange membrane, the two flank anode and cathode catalyst layers, and the outermost anode and cathode gas diffusion layers.

[0003] Membrane electrode fabrication technology has undergone three generations of development, and can be broadly classified into three types: hot pressing, transfer printing, and direct coating. The transfer printing method is a method for fabricating membrane electrode assemblies by indirectly coating a catalyst layer onto a proton exchange membrane. Its fabrication process is simple, the catalyst layer and proton exchange membrane are well-bonded, it is not prone to peeling, catalyst utilization is high, and the membrane electrode lifespan is long. Furthermore, the proton exchange membrane does not come into contact with any solvent during the fabrication process, effectively avoiding membrane swelling problems.

[0004] In the transfer method, a transfer membrane with a catalyst layer is first prepared. Then, the cathode and anode catalyst layers are transferred onto both sides of a proton exchange membrane (PEM), with the PEM slightly larger than the catalyst layers. To ensure a smooth and undamaged reaction area of ​​the transferred membrane electrode, a protective film is used. The protective film is placed outside the catalyst layer transfer membrane, completely covering it. The catalyst layer transfer membrane is then positioned on both sides of the PEM with the catalyst layers facing each other and sandwiched between two steel plates. Under certain conditions, hot pressing is applied, and then the transfer membrane is peeled off to obtain a three-layer membrane electrode (CCM) with a catalyst layer. However, because the PEM has a certain degree of adhesion, it adheres to the protective film after hot pressing, making it difficult to peel off and easily damaging the catalyst layer, leading to CCM preparation failure.

[0005] When manually fabricating the MEA (membrane electrode assembly), the size of the proton exchange membrane should be increased, with each side being at least 2mm larger than the active area. Increasing the size of the manual peeling process reduces damage to the catalyst layer (CCM). In industrial production, roller pressing equipment is used to peel off the proton exchange membrane for catalyst layer transfer. This method results in inconvenient MEA assembly, long lead times, material waste, and a high risk of damaging the CCM, leading to assembly failure. Furthermore, it has low production efficiency, hindering the industrialization of fuel cells.

[0006] Therefore, existing methods for fabricating membrane electrode assemblies need to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. Therefore, one objective of this invention is to provide a membrane electrode assembly, its preparation method, and its application. The membrane electrode assembly prepared using this method has a smooth and undamaged proton exchange membrane and catalyst layers on both sides of the membrane. Furthermore, this method maximizes material and time savings, is simple to process, easy to operate, and improves the processing efficiency of the proton exchange membrane, thus laying the foundation for the automated and intelligent preparation of membrane electrode assemblies.

[0008] In one aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing a membrane electrode assembly is provided. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method includes:

[0009] (1) Place the transfer film with the first catalyst layer on the first protective film;

[0010] (2) Place the first pad on the first protective film, and the first pad does not contact the transfer film with the first catalyst layer;

[0011] (3) Place the proton exchange membrane on the transfer membrane with the first catalyst layer, and then place the transfer membrane with the second catalyst layer on the side of the proton exchange membrane away from the transfer membrane with the first catalyst layer.

[0012] (4) Place the second pad on the proton exchange membrane, ensuring that the second pad does not contact the transfer membrane with the second catalyst layer, and then place the second protective film on the transfer membrane with the second catalyst layer and perform hot pressing transfer.

[0013] (5) Remove the first gasket and the second gasket, then remove the first protective film and the second protective film, and finally peel off the transfer film on the transfer film with the first catalyst layer and the transfer film on the transfer film with the second catalyst layer to obtain the membrane electrode assembly.

[0014] Therefore, the proton exchange membrane and the catalyst layers on both sides of the proton exchange membrane in the membrane electrode assembly prepared by this method are flat and undamaged. Moreover, this method can save material and time costs to the maximum extent, the process is simple and easy to operate, and the processing efficiency of the proton exchange membrane is improved, thus laying the foundation for the automated and intelligent preparation of membrane electrode assemblies.

[0015] In addition, the method for preparing the membrane electrode assembly according to the above embodiments of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:

[0016] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first protective film and the second protective film comprise at least one of a PI film (polyimide film) and a PET film (polyester film). This ensures that the proton exchange membrane and the catalyst layers on both sides of the proton exchange membrane in the obtained membrane electrode assembly are flat and undamaged.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first gasket and the second gasket are located on the same side or opposite side of the proton exchange membrane. This ensures that the proton exchange membrane and the catalyst layers on both sides of the proton exchange membrane in the obtained membrane electrode assembly are flat and undamaged.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present invention, the lengths of the first and second pads are 2 mm to 10 mm. This ensures that the proton exchange membrane and the catalyst layers on both sides of the proton exchange membrane in the obtained membrane electrode assembly are flat and undamaged.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first pad is 0.05 mm to 5 mm away from the transfer membrane having the first catalyst layer. This ensures that the proton exchange membrane and the catalyst layers on both sides of the proton exchange membrane in the obtained membrane electrode assembly are flat and undamaged.

[0020] In some embodiments of the present invention, the second gasket is 0.05 mm to 5 mm away from the transfer membrane having the second catalyst layer. This ensures that the proton exchange membrane and the catalyst layers on both sides of the proton exchange membrane in the obtained membrane electrode assembly are flat and undamaged.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first gasket and the second gasket comprise at least one of PTEE (polytetrafluoroethylene), e-PTFE (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene), and PET (polyester film). This ensures that the proton exchange membrane and the catalyst layers on both sides of the proton exchange membrane in the resulting membrane electrode assembly are flat and undamaged.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present invention, the proton exchange membrane includes at least one of a perfluorosulfonic acid membrane, a fluorinated polymer membrane, and a composite membrane. This ensures that the proton exchange membrane and the catalyst layers on both sides of the proton exchange membrane in the obtained membrane electrode assembly are flat and undamaged.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step (4), the pressure of the hot pressing transfer is 8–16 kgf / cm². 2 The hot-press transfer temperature is 100-170℃, and the hot-press transfer time is 2-150s.

[0024] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a membrane electrode assembly. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the membrane electrode assembly is prepared using the method described above. Thus, the proton exchange membrane and the catalyst layers on both sides of the proton exchange membrane in the membrane electrode assembly are smooth and undamaged.

[0025] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a fuel cell. According to embodiments of the invention, the fuel cell has the membrane electrode assembly described above or a membrane electrode assembly prepared using the method described above. This improves the stability and lifespan of the fuel cell.

[0026] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for preparing a membrane electrode assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the invention, and should not be construed as limiting the invention.

[0030] In one aspect of the invention, a method for fabricating a membrane electrode assembly is provided. According to an embodiment of the invention, reference is made to… Figure 1 The method includes:

[0031] S100: Place the transfer film having the first catalyst layer on the first protective film.

[0032] In this step, a transfer film with a first catalyst layer is placed on a first protective film, wherein the size of the first protective film is larger than the size of the transfer film with the first catalyst layer. Preferably, the transfer film with the first catalyst layer is placed at the center of the first protective film, that is, the edge of the first protective film is not covered by the transfer film with the first catalyst layer.

[0033] It should be noted that the specific type of the first protective film is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select it according to actual needs. For example, the first protective film includes, but is not limited to, at least one of PI film and PET film.

[0034] S200: Place the first gasket on the first protective film.

[0035] In this step, the first gasket is placed on the first protective film. The first gasket and the first protective film are not adhered to each other, and the first gasket does not contact the transfer film with the first catalyst layer. That is, the first gasket is placed on the edge of the first protective film not covered by the first catalyst layer. Specifically, placing the first gasket on the first protective film is performed using the following steps: The first gasket is placed on the first protective film according to the upper edge position of the first protective film identified by the CCD, controlled by a mechanical component control system. It should be noted that the first gasket can be placed at any position on the edge of the first protective film not covered by the transfer film with the first catalyst layer, as long as a gap is formed between the first protective film and the proton exchange membrane. For example, the first gasket can be placed at a corner of the edge of the first protective film. Furthermore, those skilled in the art can select the number of first gaskets according to actual needs, and multiple first gaskets can be arranged on the same side or opposite sides of the first protective film.

[0036] Furthermore, the length of the first gasket is 2mm to 10mm. The inventors discovered that if the first gasket is too short, it is difficult to place and prone to displacement during the transfer process after the hot-press transfer is completed. Similarly, if the first gasket is too long, it is also prone to displacement during the transfer process after the hot-press transfer is completed. Simultaneously, the first gasket is 0.05mm to 5mm away from the transfer film with the first catalyst layer. The inventors discovered that if the first gasket is too close to the transfer film with the first catalyst layer, it is easy to contact the catalyst layer on the transfer film with the first catalyst layer, thereby damaging the catalyst layer. If the first gasket is too far away from the transfer film with the first catalyst layer, the gap formed between the proton exchange membrane and the first protective membrane is too small, which is not conducive to the subsequent peeling of the transfer film with the first catalyst layer.

[0037] It should be noted that the specific type of the first gasket is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select it according to actual needs. For example, the first gasket includes, but is not limited to, at least one of PTEE, e-PTFE and PET.

[0038] S300: Place the proton exchange membrane on the transfer membrane having the first catalyst layer, and then place the transfer membrane having the second catalyst layer on the side of the proton exchange membrane away from the transfer membrane having the first catalyst layer.

[0039] In this step, a proton exchange membrane is placed on the transfer membrane with the first catalyst layer. Since the proton exchange membrane is larger than the transfer membrane with the first catalyst layer, it will come into contact with the first gasket. Due to the presence of the first gasket, a gap will be formed between the proton exchange membrane and the first protective membrane, which will facilitate the subsequent peeling of the transfer membrane on the transfer membrane with the first catalyst layer. Then, the transfer membrane with the second catalyst layer is placed on the proton exchange membrane on the side away from the transfer membrane with the first catalyst layer.

[0040] It should be noted that the specific type of proton exchange membrane is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can choose according to actual needs. For example, the proton exchange membrane includes, but is not limited to, at least one of perfluorosulfonic acid membranes, fluorinated polymer membranes, and composite membranes.

[0041] S400: Place the second pad on the proton exchange membrane, then place the second protective film on the transfer film with the second catalyst layer, and perform hot pressing transfer.

[0042] In this step, because the proton exchange membrane is larger than the transfer membrane with the second catalyst layer, there are areas on the proton exchange membrane that are not covered by the transfer membrane with the second catalyst layer. A second pad is placed on these areas of the proton exchange membrane, ensuring that the second pad does not contact the transfer membrane with the second catalyst layer. Then, a second protective film is placed on the transfer membrane with the second catalyst layer and hot-pressed for transfer. The second pad and the second protective film do not adhere to each other, and the size of the second protective film is larger than the transfer membrane with the second catalyst layer. The presence of the second pad creates a gap between the second protective film and the proton exchange membrane, facilitating the subsequent peeling of the transfer membrane from the transfer membrane with the second catalyst layer. Specifically, placing the second pad on the proton exchange membrane involves the following steps: using a mechanical control system, the second pad is placed on the proton exchange membrane according to the position on the proton exchange membrane not covered by the second catalyst layer, as identified by the CCD. It should be noted that the second gasket can be placed at any position on the edge of the proton exchange membrane that is not covered by the transfer membrane with the second catalyst layer, as long as a gap can be formed between the second protective membrane and the proton exchange membrane. For example, the second gasket can be placed at the corner of the proton exchange membrane. At the same time, those skilled in the art can select the number of second gaskets according to actual needs, and multiple second gaskets can be placed on the same side or opposite side of the proton exchange membrane.

[0043] Furthermore, the length of the second gasket is 2mm to 10mm. The inventors discovered that if the second gasket is too short, it is difficult to place and prone to displacement during the transfer process after the hot-press transfer is completed. Similarly, if the second gasket is too long, it is also prone to displacement during the transfer process after the hot-press transfer is completed. Simultaneously, the second gasket is 0.05mm to 5mm away from the transfer film with the second catalyst layer. The inventors discovered that if the second gasket is too close to the transfer film with the second catalyst layer, it is prone to contacting the catalyst layer on the transfer film with the second catalyst layer, thereby damaging the catalyst layer. If the second gasket is too far away from the transfer film with the second catalyst layer, the gap formed between the proton exchange membrane and the second protective membrane is too small, which is not conducive to the subsequent peeling of the transfer film with the second catalyst layer.

[0044] It should be noted that the specific type of the second gasket is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select it according to actual needs. For example, the second gasket includes, but is not limited to, at least one of PTEE, e-PTFE and PET.

[0045] Furthermore, the pressure for the above-mentioned hot-press transfer is 8–16 kgf / cm². 2 The hot-press transfer temperature is 100℃~170℃, and the hot-press transfer time is 2~150s.

[0046] S500: Remove the first gasket and the second gasket, then remove the first protective film and the second protective film, and finally peel off the transfer film on the transfer film with the first catalyst layer and the transfer film on the transfer film with the second catalyst layer.

[0047] In this step, the first and second gaskets are removed, creating gaps between the first protective film and the proton exchange membrane, and between the second protective film and the proton exchange membrane. Then, the first and second protective films are removed, and finally, the transfer films on the transfer film with the first catalyst layer and the transfer films on the transfer film with the second catalyst layer are peeled off, resulting in a membrane electrode assembly with the first and second catalyst layers formed on both sides of the proton exchange membrane. Specifically, the peeling of the transfer films on the transfer film with the first catalyst layer and the transfer films on the transfer film with the second catalyst layer is performed using the following steps: utilizing the gaps created by the first and second gaskets, tweezers are used to peel off the transfer films on the transfer film with the first catalyst layer and the transfer films on the transfer film with the second catalyst layer.

[0048] It should be noted that the first catalyst layer and transfer film in the transfer film with the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer and transfer film in the transfer film with the second catalyst layer mentioned above in this application are both conventional materials in the art. When the first catalyst layer is an anode catalyst layer, the corresponding second catalyst layer is a cathode catalyst layer. Similarly, when the second catalyst layer is an anode catalyst layer, the corresponding first catalyst layer is a cathode catalyst layer.

[0049] Therefore, the proton exchange membrane and the catalyst layers on both sides of the proton exchange membrane in the membrane electrode assembly prepared by this method are flat and undamaged. Moreover, this method can save material and time costs to the maximum extent, the process is simple and easy to operate, and the processing efficiency of the proton exchange membrane is improved, thus laying the foundation for the automated and intelligent preparation of membrane electrode assemblies.

[0050] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a membrane electrode assembly, which, according to an embodiment of the invention, is prepared using the method described above. Thus, the proton exchange membrane and the catalyst layers on both sides of the proton exchange membrane in the prepared membrane electrode assembly are smooth and undamaged. It should be noted that the features and advantages described above for the method of preparing the membrane electrode assembly also apply to this membrane electrode assembly, and will not be repeated here.

[0051] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a fuel cell, according to embodiments thereof, having the membrane electrode assembly described above or a membrane electrode assembly prepared by the method described above. This improves the stability and lifespan of the fuel cell. It should be noted that the features and advantages described above for the membrane electrode assembly and its preparation method also apply to this fuel cell, and will not be repeated here.

[0052] The present invention will now be described with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that these embodiments are merely descriptive and do not limit the present invention in any way.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] (1) Place a 7*7cm transfer film with a first catalyst layer on the central area of ​​a 15*15cm first protective film (PI material);

[0055] (2) Place a 3*3mm PTFE gasket at the upper corner of the first protective film, and the PTFE gasket is 1mm away from the transfer film with the first catalyst layer;

[0056] (3) Place the 7.4*7.4cm proton exchange membrane on the transfer membrane with the first catalyst layer, and then place the 7*7cm transfer membrane with the second catalyst layer on the side of the proton exchange membrane away from the transfer membrane with the first catalyst layer.

[0057] (4) Place a 3*3mm PTFE gasket at the upper corner of the proton exchange membrane in step (3), with the PTFE gasket 1mm away from the transfer membrane with the second catalyst layer; then place a 15*15cm second protective film (PI material) on the transfer membrane with the second catalyst layer and perform hot pressing transfer. The hot pressing transfer temperature is 140℃ and the pressure is 13Kgf / cm. 2 Time: 10 seconds;

[0058] (5) After the hot pressing transfer is completed, remove the first gasket and the second gasket, then remove the first protective film and the second protective film, and finally use tweezers to peel off the transfer film on the transfer film with the first catalyst layer and the transfer film on the transfer film with the second catalyst layer to obtain the membrane electrode assembly.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] (1) Place a 137*237cm transfer film with a first catalyst layer on the central area of ​​a 200*200cm first protective film (PI material);

[0061] (2) Place a 3*3mm PET pad at the upper corner of the first protective film, and the PET pad is 1mm away from the transfer film with the first catalyst layer;

[0062] (3) Place the 137.4*237.4cm proton exchange membrane on the transfer membrane with the first catalyst layer, and then place the 137*237cm transfer membrane with the second catalyst layer on the side of the proton exchange membrane away from the transfer membrane with the first catalyst layer.

[0063] (4) Place a 3*3mm PET pad at the upper corner of the proton exchange membrane in step (3), with the PET pad 1mm away from the transfer membrane with the second catalyst layer; then place a 200*200cm second protective film (PI material) on the transfer membrane with the second catalyst layer and perform hot pressing transfer. The hot pressing transfer temperature is 140℃ and the pressure is 13Kgf / cm. 2 Time: 10 seconds;

[0064] (5) After the hot pressing transfer is completed, remove the first gasket and the second gasket, then remove the first protective film and the second protective film, and finally use tweezers to peel off the transfer film on the transfer film with the first catalyst layer and the transfer film on the transfer film with the second catalyst layer to obtain the membrane electrode assembly.

[0065] Comparative Example

[0066] (1) Place a 7*7cm transfer film with a first catalyst layer on the central area of ​​a 15*15cm first protective film (PI material);

[0067] (2) Place the 7.4*7.4cm proton exchange membrane on the transfer membrane with the first catalyst layer, and then place the 7*7cm transfer membrane with the second catalyst layer on the side of the proton exchange membrane away from the transfer membrane with the first catalyst layer.

[0068] (3) After placing the 15*15cm second protective film (PI material) on the transfer film with the second catalyst layer, perform hot pressing transfer. The hot pressing transfer temperature is 140℃ and the pressure is 13Kgf / cm. 2 Time: 10 seconds;

[0069] (4) After the hot pressing transfer is completed, remove the first protective film and the second protective film, and then use tweezers to peel off the transfer film on the transfer film with the first catalyst layer and the transfer film on the transfer film with the second catalyst layer to obtain the membrane electrode assembly.

[0070] In Examples 1-2, during the preparation of membrane electrode assemblies, the transfer membrane and the first protective film on the transfer membrane with the first catalyst layer, as well as the transfer membrane and the second protective film on the transfer membrane with the second catalyst layer, can be quickly peeled off. The resulting membrane electrode assembly is flat and wrinkle-free, and the proton exchange membrane and the catalyst layers transferred to both sides of the proton exchange membrane are undamaged. In contrast, in the comparative examples, the peeling process of the transfer membrane and the first protective film on the transfer membrane with the first catalyst layer, and the transfer membrane and the second protective film on the transfer membrane with the second catalyst layer, is slow and complex. The resulting membrane electrode assembly has severe wrinkles and edge damage, and is a defective product.

[0071] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0072] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a membrane electrode assembly, characterized in that, include: (1) Place the transfer film with the first catalyst layer on the first protective film; (2) The first pad is placed on the first protective film, and the first pad does not contact the transfer film with the first catalyst layer; the first pad is placed on the edge of the first protective film that is not covered by the first catalyst layer; (3) Place the proton exchange membrane on the transfer membrane with the first catalyst layer, and then place the transfer membrane with the second catalyst layer on the side of the proton exchange membrane away from the transfer membrane with the first catalyst layer; the size of the proton exchange membrane is larger than the size of the transfer membrane with the first catalyst layer. (4) Place the second pad on the proton exchange membrane, and the second pad does not contact the transfer membrane with the second catalyst layer. Then place the second protective film on the transfer membrane with the second catalyst layer and perform hot pressing transfer. The size of the proton exchange membrane is larger than the size of the transfer membrane with the second catalyst layer. There is an area on the proton exchange membrane that is not covered by the transfer membrane with the second catalyst layer. The second pad is placed on the area on the proton exchange membrane that is not covered by the transfer membrane with the second catalyst layer. (5) Remove the first gasket and the second gasket, then remove the first protective film and the second protective film, and finally peel off the transfer film on the transfer film with the first catalyst layer and the transfer film on the transfer film with the second catalyst layer to obtain the membrane electrode assembly. The first gasket is 0.05 mm to 5 mm away from the transfer film having the first catalyst layer; The second gasket is 0.05 mm to 5 mm away from the transfer film having the second catalyst layer; The lengths of the first gasket and the second gasket are 2mm to 10mm.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first protective film and the second protective film include at least one of PI film and PET film.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first pad and the second pad are located on the same side or opposite side of the proton exchange membrane.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first gasket and the second gasket comprise at least one of PTFE and PET.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first gasket and the second gasket comprise e-PTFE.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The proton exchange membrane includes a perfluorosulfonic acid membrane.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The proton exchange membrane includes a fluorinated polymer membrane.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (4), the pressure of the hot pressing transfer is 8~16 kgf / cm. 2 The hot-press transfer temperature is 100-170℃, and the hot-press transfer time is 2-150s.

9. A membrane electrode assembly, characterized in that, The membrane electrode assembly is prepared using the method described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. A fuel cell, characterized in that, The fuel cell has the membrane electrode assembly as described in claim 9 or a membrane electrode assembly prepared by any one of claims 1-8.

Images