Split type gravity anchor and construction method

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of mooring equipment, and discloses a split type gravity anchor and a construction method. The split type gravity anchor comprises a caisson, a heavy block and an anchor cable. The caisson is provided with a plurality of slots at the top end, and the slots are arranged at intervals. The heavy block is arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the slots, and the bottom end of the heavy block can be inserted into the slots. One end of the anchor cable is connected to the caisson. By arranging the caisson and the heavy block, the bottom end of the heavy block can be inserted into the slots at the top end of the caisson, so that the caisson and the heavy block can be hoisted respectively when the split type gravity anchor is installed, thereby reducing the hoisting capacity requirement of the hoisting equipment, reducing the construction cost, and the connection mode of inserting the heavy block between the caisson makes the heavy block easy to install, and facilitates the on-site seabed installation of the heavy block and the caisson during offshore hoisting operation.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mooring equipment, in particular to a split type gravity anchor and a construction method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Ocean engineering structures such as floating wind turbines need to be moored by anchor foundations, and the mooring force required by one anchor point is more than 2000 tons. The anchor foundations currently used include drag anchors, suction anchors, pile anchors and gravity anchors. Among them, the gravity anchor has the advantages of not requiring installation distance, high anchoring reliability and simple construction. It can also be applied to some special hard bottoms, such as thin sediment covered rocks, gravel, etc. The mooring cable connection is easy to check and use. However, the self-weight of the gravity anchor is large, and the size of the on-site installation is limited by the loading and unloading equipment. The resources of large-scale installation equipment on the sea are scarce, and the cost is extremely high, which greatly increases the installation cost of the floating wind turbine. At present, there are less than 5 units with 7000-ton lifting capacity in China, while there are very rich construction equipment with 2000-ton lifting capacity. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a split type gravity anchor and a construction method, which reduces the lifting capacity requirement of the hoisting equipment, reduces the construction cost, and facilitates the on-site installation during offshore hoisting operation.

[0004] To achieve this purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0005] A split type gravity anchor, comprising:

[0006] A caisson, the caisson is provided with a plurality of slots at the top end, and the slots are arranged at intervals;

[0007] A weight, the weight is arranged one-to-one corresponding to the slots, and the bottom end of the weight can be inserted into the slot;

[0008] An anchor cable, one end of the anchor cable is connected to the caisson.

[0009] As a preferred, the weight comprises:

[0010] An insertion part, the insertion part is matched with the shape of the slot;

[0011] An ear, the ear is arranged at the top end of the insertion part, and a hoisting hole is arranged on the ear.

[0012] As a preferred, the insertion part is a circular truncated cone with a large top and a small bottom.

[0013] As a preferred, the weight further comprises a support part, the diameter of the support part is greater than the diameter of the top end of the insertion part, the support part is fixedly arranged at the top end of the insertion part, and the ear is fixedly arranged at the top end of the support part.

[0014] Preferably, the support portion is cylindrical, and the diameter of the support portion is greater than the diameter of the top end of the insertion portion.

[0015] Preferably, the height of the support portion is less than the height of the insertion portion.

[0016] Preferably, the caisson is made of concrete.

[0017] Preferably, the insertion slots are arranged in a grid pattern.

[0018] Preferably, the caisson is provided with a counterweight plate at the bottom end.

[0019] A split type gravity anchor construction method is used for hoisting construction of the split type gravity anchor, and comprises the following steps:

[0020] S1, hoisting the caisson and installing the caisson in place;

[0021] S2, determining the maximum hoisting number of the heavy blocks according to the hoisting capacity of the hoisting equipment and the weight of the heavy blocks, judging whether the number of the heavy blocks is greater than the maximum hoisting number, if the number of the heavy blocks is greater than the maximum hoisting number, using the cross hanger to hoist the heavy blocks this time with the maximum hoisting number, and inserting the heavy blocks into the insertion slots at the top end of the caisson.

[0022] S3, judging whether the number of the remaining heavy blocks is greater than the maximum hoisting number, if the number of the remaining heavy blocks is greater than the maximum hoisting number, using the cross hanger to hoist the heavy blocks this time with the maximum hoisting number, if the number of the remaining heavy blocks is less than the maximum hoisting number, then using the cross hanger to hoist the heavy blocks this time with the number of the remaining heavy blocks, and inserting the heavy blocks into the insertion slots at the top end of the caisson.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:

[0024] The split type gravity anchor provided by the present application comprises a caisson, heavy blocks and anchor cables. The caisson is provided with a plurality of insertion slots at the top end, and the insertion slots are arranged at intervals. The heavy blocks are arranged one by one corresponding to the insertion slots, and the bottom end of the heavy blocks can be inserted into the insertion slots. One end of the anchor cable is connected to the caisson. By arranging the caisson and the heavy blocks, the bottom end of the heavy blocks can be inserted into the insertion slots at the top end of the caisson, so that the caisson and the heavy blocks can be hoisted respectively when the split type gravity anchor is installed, the hoisting capacity requirement of the hoisting equipment is reduced, the construction cost is reduced, and the connection mode of inserting the heavy blocks between the heavy blocks and the caisson makes the installation of the heavy blocks convenient, and facilitates the on-site seabed installation of the heavy blocks and the caisson during offshore hoisting operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a split type gravity anchor provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a caisson of a split type gravity anchor provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a weight of a split type gravity anchor provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a cross-shaped hanger provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 5 is a flow chart of a construction method of a split type gravity anchor provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] In the drawings:

[0031] 100, cross-shaped hanger; 1001, hanger arm; 1002, fixed hanger point; 1003, movable hanger point;

[0032] 1, caisson; 11, insertion slot; 12, counterweight plate;

[0033] 2, weight;

[0034] 21, insertion part; 22, lifting lug; 23, support part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments. It can be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application, but not to limit the present application. In addition, it should be noted that, for the convenience of description, only the parts related to the present application are shown in the drawings, but not all the structures.

[0036] In the description of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected", "connected", "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, can be fixedly connected, or can be detachably connected, or integrated; can be mechanically connected, or electrically connected; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0037] In the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the first feature is "on" or "under" the second feature can include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or can include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, the first feature "on", "above" and "over" the second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or only indicates that the first feature is higher in horizontal height than the second feature. The first feature "under", "below" and "underneath" the second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or only indicates that the first feature is lower in horizontal height than the second feature.

[0038] In the description of the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", "left", and other orientation or position relationships are based on the orientation or position relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish in the description and have no special meaning.

[0039] As shown in Figures 1-3 The present embodiment provides a split type gravity anchor, which comprises a caisson 1, a weight 2 and an anchor cable. The caisson 1 is provided with a plurality of slots 11 at the top end, and the slots 11 are arranged at intervals. The weight 2 is arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the slots 11, and the bottom end of the weight 2 can be inserted into the slot 11. One end of the anchor cable is connected to the caisson 1.

[0040] The split type gravity anchor provided by the present embodiment, by arranging the caisson 1 and the weight 2, the bottom end of the weight 2 can be inserted into the slot 11 at the top end of the caisson 1, so that when the split type gravity anchor is installed, the caisson 1 and the weight 2 can be hoisted respectively, thereby reducing the performance requirement of the hoisting equipment, reducing the construction cost, and the connection mode of the weight 2 and the caisson 1 inserted between them makes the weight 2 easy to install, and facilitates the on-site seabed installation of the weight 2 and the caisson 1 during offshore hoisting operation.

[0041] Among them, the caisson 1 is poured by concrete. The weight of the caisson 1 is determined by the lifting capacity of the hoisting equipment of the construction unit, while ensuring the safety of the hoisting operation, the weight of the caisson 1 should be as large as possible to reduce the height of the center of gravity of the split type gravity anchor and improve the wind and wave resistance of the split type gravity anchor.

[0042] Optionally, as shown in Figure 1 The bottom end of the caisson 1 is provided with a counterweight plate 12, which is arranged to reduce the center of gravity of the split type gravity anchor. The weight of the counterweight plate 12 is determined according to the weight and number of the weight 2. In the present embodiment, the counterweight plate 12 not only plays a role in reducing the center of gravity of the split type gravity anchor, but also serves as the bottom plate of the caisson 1.

[0043] Optionally, as shown in Figure 2 The nine slots 11 are arranged in a grid shape.

[0044] Optionally, as shown in Figure 3 The heavy block 2 includes a plug-in part 21 and an ear 22. The plug-in part 21 is matched with the shape of the slot 11. The ear 22 is arranged at the top end of the plug-in part 21, and a lifting hole is arranged on the ear 22. By arranging the ear 22 at the top end of the heavy block 2, the lifting of the heavy block 2 is facilitated.

[0045] Optionally, as shown in Figure 3 The plug-in part 21 is a circular truncated cone with a large diameter at the top and a small diameter at the bottom. By arranging the plug-in part 21 as a circular truncated cone with a large diameter at the top and a small diameter at the bottom, and since the shape of the slot 11 on the caisson 1 is matched with the plug-in part 21, when the heavy block 2 is lifted, the small diameter end of the plug-in part 21 is first inserted into the large diameter end of the slot 11, thereby facilitating the alignment of the plug-in part 21 and the slot 11.

[0046] Optionally, as shown in Figure 3 The heavy block 2 further includes a support part 23, the diameter of the support part 23 is greater than the diameter of the top end of the plug-in part 21, the support part 23 is fixedly arranged at the top end of the plug-in part 21, and the ear 22 is fixedly arranged at the top end of the support part 23. By arranging the support part 23, the weight of the heavy block 2 can be increased to meet the mooring force requirement of the split type gravity anchor.

[0047] Optionally, as shown in Figure 3 The support part 23 is a circular cylinder, and the diameter of the support part 23 is greater than the diameter of the top end of the plug-in part 21.

[0048] Optionally, the heavy block 2 is integrally formed by steel. The heavy block 2 made of steel can obtain greater mass with smaller volume, which makes the heavy block 2 easy to lift and ensures the weight-increasing effect of the heavy block 2 on the split type gravity anchor.

[0049] Optionally, the height of the support part 23 is less than the height of the plug-in part 21. By making the height of the support part 23 less than the height of the plug-in part 21, the center of gravity of the heavy block 2 is prevented from being too high, thereby preventing the center of gravity of the split type gravity anchor from being too high.

[0050] As shown in Figure 5 The embodiment also provides a split type gravity anchor construction method for lifting the above-mentioned split type gravity anchor, which includes the following steps:

[0051] S1, lifting the caisson 1 and installing the caisson 1 in place.

[0052] S2, determine the maximum lifting number of the heavy blocks 2 according to the lifting capacity of the lifting equipment and the weight of the heavy blocks 2, and judge whether the number of the heavy blocks 2 is greater than the maximum lifting number. If the number of the heavy blocks 2 is greater than the maximum lifting number, use the cross lifting frame 100 to lift the heavy blocks 2 this time with the maximum lifting number, and insert the heavy blocks 2 into the insertion slots 11 at the top end of the caisson 1. Specifically, as shown in Figure 4 The cross lifting frame 100 is provided with a fixed lifting point 1002, and each of the four lifting arms 1001 of the cross lifting frame 100 is provided with a movable lifting point. The position of the movable lifting point can move along the extension direction of the lifting arm 1001, which is convenient for adjusting the position of the movable lifting point according to the size of the caisson 1 during the lifting of the heavy blocks 2. When lifting the heavy blocks 2, if the maximum lifting number is odd, one heavy block 2 is hung on the fixed lifting point 1002 at the center of the cross lifting frame 100, and the remaining heavy blocks 2 are symmetrically hung on the movable lifting points 1003 on the lifting arms 1001 of the cross lifting frame 100 to lift the heavy blocks 2 this time. If the maximum lifting number is even, the heavy blocks 2 to be lifted this time are symmetrically hung on the movable lifting points 1002 on the lifting arms 1001 of the cross lifting frame 100 to lift the heavy blocks 2 this time. In this embodiment, the top end of the caisson 1 is provided with nine insertion slots 11. During the first lifting of the heavy blocks 2, one heavy block 2 is hung on the fixed lifting point 1002 at the center of the cross lifting frame 100, and four heavy blocks 2 are symmetrically hung on the movable lifting points 1003 on the four lifting arms 1001 of the cross lifting frame 100. The heavy block 2 at the center of the cross lifting frame 100 is inserted into the insertion slot 11 at the center of the top end of the caisson 1, and the remaining four heavy blocks 2 are respectively inserted into the insertion slots 11 at the middle of the four edges of the caisson 1. In this way, the lifting capacity of the lifting equipment is maximized while ensuring that the settlement of the caisson 1 during the insertion of the heavy blocks 2 remains uniform.

[0053] S3, judge whether the number of the remaining heavy blocks 2 is greater than the maximum lifting number. If the number of the remaining heavy blocks 2 is greater than the maximum lifting number, use the cross lifting frame 100 to lift the heavy blocks 2 this time with the maximum lifting number. If the number of the remaining heavy blocks 2 is less than the maximum lifting number, use the cross lifting frame 100 to lift the heavy blocks 2 this time with the number of the remaining heavy blocks 2. Insert the heavy blocks 2 into the insertion slots 11 at the top end of the caisson 1. In this embodiment, during the second lifting of the heavy blocks 2, the remaining four heavy blocks 2 are respectively hung on the movable lifting points 1003 on the four lifting arms 1001 of the cross lifting frame 100 to be lifted, and the four heavy blocks 2 are respectively inserted into the insertion slots 11 at the four vertices of the top end of the caisson 1 to ensure that the settlement of the caisson 1 during the insertion of the heavy blocks 2 remains uniform.

[0054] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present application are merely exemplary but not intended to limit the embodiments of the present application. Various obvious changes, re-adjustments and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present application. It is not necessary or possible to enumerate all the embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of installing a split gravity anchor, the method comprising: The application relates to a hoisting construction method for a split type gravity anchor. The caisson (1) is provided with a plurality of slots (11) at the top end, and the slots (11) are arranged at intervals; the slots (11) are provided with nine slots (11) which are arranged in a grid shape; the heavy blocks (2) are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the slots (11), and the bottom end of the heavy block (2) can be inserted into the slot (11). The anchor cable is connected to the caisson (1) at one end. The split type gravity anchor construction method comprises the following steps: S1, hoisting the caisson (1) and installing the caisson (1) in place; S2, determining the maximum hoisting quantity of the heavy blocks (2) according to the hoisting capacity of the hoisting equipment and the weight of the heavy blocks (2), judging whether the quantity of the heavy blocks (2) is greater than the maximum hoisting quantity of the heavy blocks (2), if the quantity of the heavy blocks (2) is greater than the maximum hoisting quantity, using a cross hanger (100) to hoist the heavy blocks (2) this time in the maximum hoisting quantity, and inserting the heavy blocks (2) into the slots (11) at the top end of the caisson (1); the cross hanger (100) is provided with one fixed lifting point (1002) and four lifting arms (1001), the fixed lifting point (1002) is arranged at the center of the cross hanger (100), and one movable lifting point (1003) is arranged on each of the four lifting arms (1001) of the cross hanger (100), and the position of the movable lifting point (1003) can move along the extension direction of the lifting arm (1001); S3, judging whether the quantity of the remaining heavy blocks (2) is greater than the maximum hoisting quantity, if the quantity of the remaining heavy blocks (2) is greater than the maximum hoisting quantity, using the cross hanger (100) to hoist the heavy blocks (2) this time in the maximum hoisting quantity, if the quantity of the remaining heavy blocks (2) is less than the maximum hoisting quantity, then using the cross hanger (100) to hoist the heavy blocks (2) this time in the quantity of the remaining heavy blocks (2), and inserting the heavy blocks (2) into the slots (11) at the top end of the caisson (1); When hoisting the heavy blocks (2), if the maximum hoisting quantity is odd, one heavy block (2) is hung on the fixed lifting point (1002) during hoisting, and the remaining heavy blocks (2) are symmetrically hung on the movable lifting points (1003) for hoisting the heavy blocks (2) this time; if the maximum hoisting quantity is even, the heavy blocks (2) to be hoisted this time are symmetrically hung on the movable lifting points (1003) for hoisting the heavy blocks (2) this time.

2. The split gravity anchor installation method of claim 1, wherein, The heavy block (2) comprises: The insertion part (21) is matched with the shape of the slot (11); The lifting lug (22) is arranged at the top end of the insertion part (21), and the lifting hole is arranged on the lifting lug (22).

3. The split gravity anchor installation method of claim 2, wherein, The insertion part (21) is a circular truncated cone which is large at the top and small at the bottom.

4. The split gravity anchor installation method of claim 3, wherein, The heavy block (2) further comprises a supporting part (23) with a diameter greater than that of the top end of the inserting part (21), the supporting part (23) being fixed to the top end of the inserting part (21), and the lifting lug (22) being fixed to the top end of the supporting part (23).

5. The split gravity anchor installation method of claim 4, wherein, The supporting part (23) is cylindrical, and the diameter of the supporting part (23) is greater than that of the top end of the inserting part (21).

6. The split gravity anchor installation method of claim 4, wherein, The height of the supporting part (23) is less than that of the inserting part (21).

7. The split gravity anchor installation method of claim 1, wherein, The caisson (1) is made of concrete.

8. The split gravity anchor installation method of claim 1, wherein, The caisson (1) is provided with a counterweight plate (12) at the bottom end.

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