All-solid-state microreactor

Abstract

The application discloses a full-solid full-static micro reactor, which comprises a reactor core container, a graphite base arranged in the reactor core container and a control protection mechanism connected with the graphite base. The control protection mechanism comprises a plurality of shutdown columns. When the temperature of the graphite base rises to a predetermined temperature, the shutdown columns automatically decompose a shutdown substance with negative reactivity feedback to the reactor core reaction, so as to realize passive shutdown of the reactor. The full-solid full-static micro reactor is arranged with a plurality of shutdown columns. The shutdown columns are decomposed at high temperature by virtue of natural characteristics, natural emergency shutdown is realized, and the use of active components is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nuclear power plant system equipment and safety, and in particular to an all-solid-state, all-static microreactor. Background Technology

[0002] Miniature reactors specifically refer to nuclear reactors that can be mobile, rapidly assembled, and flexibly deployed. Miniature reactors were first used by mobile forces and generally refer to specialized, mobile, highly mobile, and rapidly assembled equipment. In the 1950s and 60s, the demand for recreational vehicles (RVs) increased dramatically, thus driving the rapid development of civilian modular reactor technology.

[0003] The main advanced technology requirements for mobile microreactors are: small size and weight for easy movement and transportation; small height for easy road transport; therefore, a small core critical size, strong heat exchange capacity, and small equipment size are required; modularity and high integration; intelligent control and high degree of unmanned operation; no operator intervention required in the event of an accident; and adaptability to dry environments without the need for additional water sources.

[0004] From the perspective of existing core designs, they are based on a solid monolithic steel chain, containing heat pipes and channels for fuel pellets. Each fuel rod in the core is adjacent to three heat pipes, with an overall ratio of 1:2. The heat pipes serve as the main heat exchangers, removing heat energy from the core.

[0005] The problem with this existing technology is that it uses a lot of active components. For example, in case of emergency shutdown, electromagnetically driven shutdown rods are used, and in case of normal operation, reactivity regulation is achieved by motor-driven control drums. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an all-solid-state, all-static microreactor.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: to construct an all-solid-state all-static micro reactor, which includes a core container, a graphite matrix disposed in the core container, and a control and protection mechanism connected to the graphite matrix;

[0008] The control and protection mechanism includes several shutdown columns, which are disposed in the graphite matrix. When the temperature of the graphite matrix rises to a predetermined temperature, the shutdown columns automatically decompose into shutdown materials that have negative reactive feedback to the core reaction, thereby achieving passive shutdown of the reactor.

[0009] In some embodiments, the control and protection mechanism further includes an adjustment device, which is loaded with a first liquid metal and a second liquid metal. The first liquid metal controls the elevation of the second liquid metal through the principle of thermal expansion and contraction, and the second liquid metal has negative reactive feedback to the core reaction, thereby realizing the natural adjustment of the core reactivity by the adjustment device.

[0010] In some embodiments, the first liquid metal is liquid potassium metal, the second liquid metal is highly enriched 6Li liquid metal, the shutdown column is a column structure made of calcium hydride material, and the shutdown substance is calcium hydroxide.

[0011] In some embodiments, the adjusting device includes a housing and an extension sleeve connected to the housing and extending into the graphite substrate. The extension sleeve protrudes from the bottom end of the graphite substrate, and the extension sleeve includes an inner extension tube and an outer extension tube, with the outer extension tube disposed on the outer periphery of the inner extension tube.

[0012] In some embodiments, the lower end of the inner tube is provided with a sleeve lower end cap for connecting the inner tube and the outer tube, the first liquid metal is placed in the box and flows into the inner tube and the sleeve lower end cap, and the second liquid metal is placed in the lower part of the inner tube;

[0013] When the core temperature rises, the first liquid metal expands due to heat and gradually penetrates into the outer tube, squeezing out the original space of the second liquid metal. This causes the liquid level of the second liquid metal in the outer tube to rise, and then it enters the graphite matrix.

[0014] In some embodiments, the control and protection mechanism further includes a safety bar and a drive device drivenly connected to the safety bar;

[0015] The graphite matrix is ​​provided with a safety channel for accommodating the safety rod;

[0016] When the reactor needs to be started, the safety bar is pulled out; when the reactor needs to be actively shut down, the safety bar is inserted into the safety channel.

[0017] In some embodiments, the safety bar contains a metallic material that has high neutron absorption properties.

[0018] In some embodiments, the graphite matrix is ​​further provided with a plurality of insertion channels for the insertion sleeve to pass through and a plurality of stop channels for the stop column to be accommodated.

[0019] The graphite matrix has the safety channel as its center, and the insertion channel and the stopping channel are arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside. The insertion channel and the stopping channel are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the safety channel.

[0020] In some embodiments, a gas processing device is further included for processing the gas after high-temperature decomposition by the shutdown column, the gas processing device being provided with a passive gas recombiner.

[0021] In some embodiments, the graphite matrix is ​​provided with a plurality of fuel dispersion zones;

[0022] The all-solid-state, all-static microreactor also includes a fuel assembly comprising fuel particles dispersed within the fuel dispersion region.

[0023] In some embodiments, the fuel particles are TRISO particles.

[0024] In some embodiments, a shield is provided on the inner wall of the core container, the shield being made of foamed metal and filled with shielding material.

[0025] In some embodiments, the foamed metal is aluminum foam or nickel foam; the shielding material is a polymer shielding material or a composite ceramic shielding material.

[0026] In some embodiments, a thermoelectric conversion device for converting the thermal energy of the reactor into electrical energy is further included. The thermoelectric conversion device includes a plurality of static thermoelectric conversion modules for converting the thermal energy of the reactor into electrical energy. The plurality of static thermoelectric conversion modules are disposed on the outer wall of the core container and are spaced apart along the outer wall of the core container.

[0027] The present invention offers the following advantages: The all-solid-state, all-static microreactor includes a core container, a graphite matrix disposed within the core container, and a reactor control and protection mechanism connected to the graphite matrix. This mechanism includes several shutdown columns disposed within the graphite matrix. When the temperature of the graphite matrix rises to a predetermined temperature, the shutdown columns automatically decompose to release shutdown materials that have negative reactive feedback to the core reaction, thereby achieving passive reactor shutdown. This all-solid-state, all-static microreactor, with its multiple shutdown columns, relies on the natural characteristics of these columns to decompose at high temperatures, achieving a natural emergency shutdown and reducing the need for active components. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0029] Figure 1 These are schematic diagrams of the structure of an all-solid-state, all-static microreactor in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a top view of the structure of an all-solid-state, all-static microreactor in some embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of this invention, specific embodiments are now described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, it should be understood that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "front," "rear," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "longitudinal," "horizontal," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "head," and "tail" are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are constructed and operated in a specific orientation. They are only for the convenience of describing this technical solution and do not indicate that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation; therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0032] It should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, terms such as "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," and "setting" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. When an component is referred to as being "on" or "below" another component, the component can be located "directly" or "indirectly" on the other component, or there may be one or more intermediary components. The terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are only for the convenience of describing this technical solution and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined with "first," "second," "third," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0033] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2This is an all-solid-state, all-static microreactor according to some embodiments of the present invention. It includes a core container 1, a graphite substrate 2 disposed within the core container 1, and a control and protection mechanism 3 connected to the graphite substrate 2. The core container 1 is a cylindrical structure made of stainless steel. Stainless steel has good strength and rigidity, and is corrosion-resistant, high-temperature oxidation-resistant, and easy to maintain. The cross-section of the core container 1 can be circular or hexagonal. In other embodiments, the cross-section of the core container 1 can also be rectangular, elliptical, or other shapes, which are not specifically limited here.

[0034] The control and protection mechanism 3 includes an adjustment device 31 and several shutdown columns 32 disposed within the graphite matrix 2. When the temperature of the graphite matrix 2 rises to a predetermined temperature, the shutdown columns 32 automatically decompose to release shutdown material that has a negative reactive feedback to the core reaction, thereby achieving passive shutdown of the reactor. Preferably, the shutdown column 32 is a columnar structure made of calcium hydride, and the shutdown material is calcium hydroxide. The reaction formula of calcium hydride with water at high temperature is as follows:

[0035] CaH2 + 2H2O = Ca(OH)2 + 2H2.

[0036] Understandably, the entire reactor structure is designed to be extremely simplified, thus greatly reducing the number of initiation events. Several calcium hydride material pillars are arranged in the graphite matrix 2, relying on the natural properties of calcium hydride to achieve a natural emergency shutdown. The reactor's normal operating temperature is designed to be below 700°C. The hydrogen in the calcium hydride will decompose in high-temperature environments above 800°C, and react with water to produce calcium hydroxide. Calcium hydroxide has a significant negative reactivity to the core reactivity, thereby enabling the introduction of reactivity for emergency shutdown under abnormal operating conditions (i.e., accident situations), leading to reactor shutdown. In emergency situations, such as loss of cooling capacity causing a rise in core temperature, the reactor will automatically shut down based on the material properties of calcium hydride.

[0037] In some embodiments, the regulating device 31 contains a first liquid metal 311 and a second liquid metal 312. The first liquid metal 311 controls the elevation of the second liquid metal 312 through the principle of thermal expansion and contraction, thereby allowing the second liquid metal 312 to enter or leave the core region. The second liquid metal 312 also provides negative feedback to the core reaction, thus enabling the regulating device 31 to naturally regulate the core reactivity. Preferably, the first liquid metal 311 is liquid potassium metal, and the second liquid metal 312 is highly enriched 6Li liquid metal.

[0038] Specifically, the regulating device 31 is used for reactivity regulation during normal reactor operation. It includes a housing 313 and an extension sleeve 314 connected to the housing 313 and extending into the graphite substrate 2. The extension sleeve 314 protrudes from the bottom end of the graphite substrate 2 and includes an inner extension tube 3141 and an outer extension tube 3142. The outer extension tube 3142 is located on the outer periphery of the inner extension tube 3141. The lower end of the inner extension tube 3141 is provided with a lower sleeve end cap 31411 for connecting the inner extension tube 3141 and the outer extension tube 3142. A first liquid metal 311 is placed in the housing 313 and flows into the inner extension tube 3141 and the lower sleeve end cap 31411. A second liquid metal 312 is placed in the lower part of the extension sleeve 314.

[0039] When the core temperature rises, the first liquid metal 311 expands due to heat and gradually penetrates into the outer tube 3142, squeezing out the original space of the second liquid metal 312. This causes the liquid level of the second liquid metal 312 to rise in the outer tube 3142 and then enter the graphite matrix 2.

[0040] Specifically, the box 313 can be filled with liquid potassium metal. After the liquid potassium metal expands, it flows downward through the inner tube 3141, which can squeeze the highly enriched 6Li liquid metal into the outer tube 3142, thereby squeezing the highly enriched 6Li liquid metal into the graphite matrix 2. The highly enriched 6Li liquid metal initially resides in the portion protruding from the bottom of the graphite matrix 2 within the insert 314. When the liquid potassium metal expands due to heat, it compresses the highly enriched 6Li liquid metal. After reaching the insert 3142, the highly enriched 6Li liquid metal moves upwards and enters the bottom of the graphite matrix 2. Because the highly enriched 6Li liquid metal has a large neutron absorption cross-section, negative reactivity is introduced into the reactor core. As the core temperature rises, more and more highly enriched 6Li liquid metal enters the graphite matrix 2. When the core temperature decreases, the corresponding volume of liquid potassium metal decreases, and the highly enriched 6Li liquid metal leaves the graphite matrix 2 and flows back into the insert 314. Positive reactivity is introduced into the reactor reaction, thereby controlling the core reactivity, improving the utilization rate of the highly enriched 6Li liquid metal, and ensuring the stable operation of the all-solid-state, all-static microreactor.

[0041] Understandably, the temperature of the liquid potassium metal changes with the core temperature, thereby controlling the elevation of the highly enriched 6Li liquid metal through the thermal expansion and contraction of the liquid potassium metal. Because the highly enriched 6Li liquid metal has a large negative reactivity feedback, its entry into or exit from the core can regulate the reactivity of the core. These regulations are self-regulating and do not require any human intervention.

[0042] Furthermore, the all-solid-state, all-static microreactor also includes a gas treatment device for handling the gases produced after high-temperature decomposition of the shutdown column. This gas treatment device includes a passive gas recombination unit. Understandably, because the calcium hydride material column decomposes into hydrogen gas at high temperatures, the pressure inside the core container 1 will increase due to the decomposition of hydrogen gas. The hydrogen gas undergoes passive treatment in the passive gas recombination unit of the gas treatment device to prevent overpressure in the core container 1.

[0043] In some embodiments, the control and protection mechanism 3 further includes a safety rod 33 and a drive device driven by the safety rod 33. The graphite substrate 2 has a safety channel 21 for accommodating the safety rod 33. When the reactor needs to be started, the safety rod 33 is pulled out; when the reactor needs to be actively shut down, the safety rod 33 is inserted into the safety channel 21. Understandably, the safety rod 33 can be placed at the center of the graphite substrate 2 for critical safety assurance and reactor start-up. The safety rod 33 is driven by the drive device and can be inserted into or removed from the graphite substrate 2. The reactor only needs to pull out the safety rod 33 during startup; throughout its subsequent lifespan, natural control is achieved by relying on the natural characteristics of the regulating device 31. When the reactor needs to be actively shut down, the safety rod 33 is manually inserted into the graphite substrate 2.

[0044] Preferably, the safety rod 33 contains a metallic material with high neutron absorption. This metallic material can be hafnium, which has the characteristics of plasticity, easy processing, high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance. It is an important material in the nuclear energy industry. Hafnium has a large thermal neutron capture cross section, making it an ideal neutron absorber. It can be used as the safety rod 33 of the reactor to slow down the rate of nuclear chain reaction.

[0045] In some embodiments, the graphite matrix 2 is further provided with a plurality of insertion channels 22 for the insertion sleeve 314 to pass through and a plurality of shutdown channels 23 for accommodating the shutdown column 32. The graphite matrix 2 is centered on the safety channel 21, with the insertion channels 22 and shutdown channels 23 arranged sequentially from the inside out. The insertion channels 22 and shutdown channels 23 are spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the safety channel 21. Understandably, the shutdown column 32 is arranged diagonally in the graphite matrix 2. Its location near the center of the graphite matrix 2 allows it to promptly sense temperature changes and thus decompose to achieve shutdown. In other embodiments, the specific location and size of the shutdown column 32 can be further optimized according to the core temperature field.

[0046] Specifically, the graphite matrix 2 is provided with several fuel dispersion zones 24. The all-solid-state, all-static microreactor also includes fuel assemblies 6, which consist of fuel particles dispersed within the fuel dispersion zones 24. Preferably, the fuel particles are TRISO particles. The graphite matrix 2 has the advantages of high temperature resistance and good thermal conductivity. The TRISO particles are directly dispersed in dozens of fuel dispersion zones 24 within the graphite matrix 2. These TRISO particles are small in size, safe, efficient, and resistant to high temperatures.

[0047] Preferably, a shielding body 4 is provided on the inner wall of the core container 1. The shielding body 4 is made of foamed metal and filled with shielding material. This foamed metal not only possesses the hardness of metal but also has the advantage of low bulk density; its low bulk density determines its light weight, and it also has sound absorption, heat insulation, and vibration damping properties. Furthermore, it can absorb impact energy and electromagnetic waves during use. Understandably, using foamed metal for the shielding body 4 can achieve a synergistic effect of radioactive containment and reliable heat removal, serving as a structural support and filled with shielding material, thus improving the shielding efficiency per unit volume. It also has high thermal conductivity, which is beneficial for core heat removal. Using foamed metal as the shielding material further simplifies reactor design and reduces weight. Preferably, the foamed metal is aluminum foam or nickel foam; the shielding material is a polymer shielding material or a composite ceramic shielding material. In other embodiments, the foamed metal or shielding material may also be made of other substances, which are not specifically limited here.

[0048] The all-solid-state, all-static microreactor also includes a thermoelectric conversion device 5, which comprises several static thermoelectric conversion modules 51. These modules are disposed on the outer wall of the core vessel 1 and spaced apart along its perimeter. Understandably, this all-solid-state, all-static microreactor employs semiconductor thermoelectric conversion (TE) technology. Multiple semiconductor TE-based static thermoelectric conversion modules 51 are installed on the outer wall of the core vessel 1, and the outer wall and the static thermoelectric conversion modules 51 are welded or connected using a high thermal conductivity material. Compared to dynamic thermoelectric conversion technology, the static thermoelectric conversion modules 51 offer higher reliability. Furthermore, based on stability and reliability, a multi-modal design ensures that the failure of a single module does not affect the overall system function. Semiconductor thermoelectric conversion utilizes multi-scale composite non-equilibrium fabrication, p-type and n-type particle cutting and assembly, and precise bonding of particles to substrate electrodes to develop highly reliable, long-life, and high-efficiency semiconductor thermoelectric power generation devices, thereby improving thermoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0049] The thermoelectric conversion device 5 features no moving parts, simple maintenance, and high reliability. Thermoelectric materials have the property of directly converting thermal energy into electrical energy, and the thermoelectric conversion device 5 utilizes this property to convert thermal energy into electrical energy. Because this energy conversion method utilizes the movement of charge carriers within the material driven by a temperature gradient, the thermoelectric conversion device 5 has the following advantages:

[0050] 1. High reliability, such as the thermoelectric conversion device 5, which can operate for a long time without any maintenance and without performance degradation;

[0051] 2. Long service life: the thermoelectric conversion device 5 has a service life of over 30 years;

[0052] 3. The maintenance cost is low. The thermoelectric conversion device 5 can run continuously for more than 8,000 hours. After a few hours of maintenance and replacement of some small parts, it can be put back into operation.

[0053] 4. There is no emission of waste gas or waste liquid, and no mechanical vibration or noise.

[0054] Understandably, this all-solid-state, all-static microreactor has the following beneficial effects:

[0055] 1. Multiple calcium hydride material pillars are arranged in the graphite matrix 2. Relying on the natural characteristics of calcium hydride, it decomposes at high temperature to achieve a natural emergency shutdown.

[0056] 2. The entire reactor and thermoelectric conversion device 5 achieve "all solid-state + all static + zero active": a high-performance graphite matrix 2 / TRISO fuel integrated all solid-state reactor core design is proposed. The entire reactor core has no flowing medium and no active parts. The coupling of high thermal conductivity lightweight foam metal shielding realizes the integration of two major safety functions: radioactive containment and reliable residual heat removal. This improves the shielding efficiency per unit volume, further simplifies the reactor design, reduces weight, and also has good thermal conductivity.

[0057] Specifically, most existing microreactors employ a core with a flowing coolant, and the flow of the coolant is often driven by pumps, allowing heat to be carried away from the core. Most existing reactors utilize Rankine or Brayton cycles, employing corresponding power systems to convert thermal energy into kinetic energy and then into electrical energy.

[0058] In this embodiment, the heat transfer path of the entire reactor core is: fuel assembly 6 → graphite matrix 2 → shield 4 → core container 1 → thermoelectric conversion device 5 → heat sink. A highly efficient static thermoelectric conversion system design is proposed, which does not involve any active components, has high technological maturity, and can ensure reactor heat removal under any circumstances, ensuring safety and reliability. Therefore, in this embodiment, neither the reactor core nor the thermoelectric conversion system has any active components.

[0059] In summary, this all-solid-state and all-static microreactor features high reliability. It is all-solid-state, all-static, zero-active, and zero-operation. The entire core system and thermoelectric conversion system have no fluids and do not depend on flow. The entire system has no active parts and requires no operation after startup.

[0060] 3. The entire reactor and thermoelectric conversion system achieves "zero operation + natural control + natural safety": A novel regulating device 31 is incorporated into the core design to adjust reactor reactivity fluctuations. This device 31 utilizes the thermal expansion and contraction principle of liquid potassium metal and the negative feedback of highly enriched 6Li liquid metal to regulate reactor reactivity, achieving stable power operation and realizing "zero operation and natural control." A comprehensive intelligent energy storage and utilization management system based on energy storage enables intelligent autonomous control of the microreactor under long-life unattended conditions, ensuring long-term reliability and unattended operation. A safe shutdown design scheme is proposed to achieve subcritical reactor function through high-temperature calcium hydride moderator volatilization, achieving natural and reliable safe shutdown control. Emergency residual heat removal is achieved across the entire operating range from 0% to 100% of normal power levels through core heat conduction, thus realizing "natural safety."

[0061] In summary, this all-solid-state, all-static microreactor possesses natural characteristics, achieving natural control under normal operating conditions and natural safety under accident conditions. Specifically, during normal operation, the temperature and power are naturally regulated through the regulating device 31, and the power matching between the reactor and the user is achieved through the thermoelectric conversion device 5 and the intelligent energy storage and utilization management system. Under accident conditions, a natural emergency shutdown is achieved through the calcium hydride shutdown column 32, and natural emergency residual heat removal is achieved through the all-solid-state core heat conduction.

[0062] 4. Unattended Operation Throughout the Entire Lifecycle: Active reactor startup is achieved by withdrawing safety rod 33. After startup, reactor temperature and power are regulated via regulating device 31. If an active shutdown is required, safety rod 33 is inserted. In the event of an accident necessitating an emergency shutdown, the high-temperature calcium hydride moderator will automatically volatilize, achieving an inherently safe emergency shutdown based on this mechanism. Therefore, no personnel are required to operate or monitor the reactor throughout its entire lifecycle.

[0063] It is understood that the above embodiments only illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can freely combine the above technical features without departing from the concept of the present invention, and can also make several modifications and improvements, all of which fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent transformations and modifications made with respect to the scope of the claims of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An all-solid-state, all-static microreactor, characterized in that, It includes a core container (1), a graphite matrix (2) disposed inside the core container (1), and a control and protection mechanism (3) connected to the graphite matrix (2). The control and protection mechanism (3) includes a plurality of shutdown columns (32), which are disposed in the graphite matrix (2). When the temperature of the graphite matrix (2) rises to a predetermined temperature, the shutdown columns (32) automatically decompose into shutdown materials that have negative reactive feedback to the core reaction, so as to realize the passive shutdown of the reactor. The control and protection mechanism (3) further includes an adjustment device (31), which is loaded with a first liquid metal (311) and a second liquid metal (312). The first liquid metal (311) controls the elevation of the second liquid metal (312) through the principle of thermal expansion and contraction. The second liquid metal (312) has negative reactive feedback to the core reaction, thereby realizing the natural adjustment of the core reactivity by the adjustment device (31). The adjustment device (31) includes a housing (313) and an extension sleeve (314) connected to the housing (313) and extending into the graphite substrate (2), the extension sleeve (314) protruding from the bottom end of the graphite substrate (2). The insertion sleeve (314) includes an inner insertion tube (3141) and an outer insertion tube (3142), wherein the outer insertion tube (3142) is disposed on the outer periphery of the inner insertion tube (3141); The lower end of the inner tube (3141) is provided with a sleeve lower end cap (31411) for connecting the inner tube (3141) and the outer tube (3142). The first liquid metal (311) is placed in the box (313) and flows into the inner tube (3141) and the sleeve lower end cap (31411). The second liquid metal (312) is placed in the lower part of the inner tube (314). When the core temperature rises, the first liquid metal (311) expands due to heat and gradually penetrates into the outer tube (3142), squeezing out the original space of the second liquid metal (312), causing the liquid level of the second liquid metal (312) in the outer tube (3142) to rise, and then enters the graphite matrix (2).

2. The all-solid-state, all-static microreactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first liquid metal (311) is liquid potassium metal, the second liquid metal (312) is highly enriched 6Li liquid metal, the stop column (32) is a column structure made of calcium hydride material, and the stop substance is calcium hydroxide.

3. The all-solid-state, all-static microreactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control and protection mechanism (3) further includes a safety bar (33) and a drive device that is driven to the safety bar (33); The graphite matrix (2) is provided with a safety channel (21) for accommodating the safety rod (33); When the reactor needs to be started, the safety rod (33) is pulled out; when the reactor needs to be actively shut down, the safety rod (33) is inserted into the safety channel (21).

4. The all-solid-state, all-static microreactor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The safety rod (33) is provided with a metallic material that has high neutron absorption.

5. The all-solid-state, all-static microreactor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The graphite matrix (2) is also provided with several insertion channels (22) for the insertion sleeve (314) to pass through and several stopping channels (23) for the stopping column (32) to be accommodated. The graphite substrate (2) has the safety channel (21) as its center, and the insertion channel (22) and the stop channel (23) are arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside. The insertion channel (22) and the stop channel (23) are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the safety channel (21).

6. The all-solid-state, all-static microreactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a gas treatment device for processing the gas after high-temperature decomposition of the shutdown column, wherein the gas treatment device is equipped with a passive gas recombiner.

7. The all-solid-state, all-static microreactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The graphite matrix (2) has several fuel dispersion zones (24); The all-solid-state all-static microreactor also includes a fuel assembly (6), which comprises fuel particles dispersed within the fuel dispersion zone (24).

8. The all-solid-state, all-static microreactor according to claim 7, characterized in that, The fuel particles are TRISO particles.

9. The all-solid-state, all-static microreactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the core container (1) is provided with a shield (4), which is made of foam metal and filled with shielding material.

10. The all-solid-state, all-static microreactor according to claim 9, characterized in that, The foamed metal is aluminum foam or nickel foam; the shielding material is a polymer shielding material or a composite ceramic shielding material.

11. The all-solid-state, all-static microreactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a thermoelectric conversion device (5) for converting the thermal energy of the reactor into electrical energy. The thermoelectric conversion device (5) includes a plurality of static thermoelectric conversion modules (51). The plurality of static thermoelectric conversion modules (51) are disposed on the outer wall of the core container (1) and are spaced apart along the outer wall of the core container (1).

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