A method and system for electromagnetic wave launching and measurement

Abstract

The application relates to a method and system for electromagnetic wave emission and measurement, belonging to the technical field of beamforming antennas, capable of forming a complex electromagnetic environment controllable and designable in time domain, frequency domain, space domain and polarization domain during emission, capable of receiving electromagnetic waves at different times, measuring the spatial distribution of the complex electromagnetic environment or the spatial amplitude spectrum formed by radio wave propagation or radio direction finding; the system comprises an antenna subsystem and a program-controlled subsystem; the antenna subsystem comprises: an equilateral or non-equilateral polygonal rotating disc, rotating power equipment and multiple groups of dual-polarized antennas; the rotating power equipment can drive the rotating disc to rotate; the multiple groups of dual-polarized antennas are arranged at the middle positions of the edges of the rotating disc respectively; the vertical and horizontal polarization antennas are perpendicular to the normal line of the edge; the phase centers of the vertical polarization antennas and the horizontal polarization antennas in the same group are coincident or separated; when the phase centers are separated, the distance between the two antenna feed points is not greater than 0.5 times the maximum size of the antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of beamforming antenna technology, and more particularly to a method and system for electromagnetic wave transmission and measurement. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional beamforming antenna systems adjust the electromagnetic wave transmission direction by regulating the amplitude and phase of the feed network nodes. However, this method results in significant changes in the antenna pattern when the main lobe points in different directions, and the polarization state is also unstable. Therefore, it is difficult to control during the simulation of complex electromagnetic environments, and the field strength, polarization, and other parameters in different spatial domains are not easily reproduced accurately. In this context, a new broadband field strength reproduction device is urgently needed. Furthermore, this device should also have integrated transmission and reception capabilities, and the receiving measurement function should possess precise and controllable directional and polarization characteristics.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to study a method and system for electromagnetic wave emission and measurement to address the shortcomings of existing technologies and to solve or mitigate one or more of the aforementioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a method and system for electromagnetic wave transmission and measurement. When transmitting, it can form a complex electromagnetic environment that is controllable and designable in the time domain, frequency domain, spatial domain, and polarization domain. When receiving, it can receive electromagnetic waves at different times and measure the spatial distribution of the complex electromagnetic environment or the spatial amplitude spectrum formed by the propagation of radio waves or radio direction finding.

[0005] On one hand, the present invention provides a system for electromagnetic wave transmission and measurement, the system comprising a dual-polarized antenna subsystem and a programmable control subsystem for controlling the operation of the antenna subsystem;

[0006] The antenna subsystem includes: a turntable of equilateral or non-equilateral polygonal shape, a rotation power device, and multiple sets of dual-polarized antennas; the rotation power device is located below the turntable and can drive the turntable to rotate; the multiple sets of dual-polarized antennas are respectively located at the middle position of each side of the turntable;

[0007] The programmable subsystem is electrically connected to the dual-polarized antenna.

[0008] In addition to the aspects and any possible implementations described above, an implementation is further provided in which each set of dual-polarized antennas includes a vertically polarized antenna and a horizontally polarized antenna;

[0009] Both the vertically polarized antenna and the horizontally polarized antenna are perpendicular to the normal of the side they are on;

[0010] When a circle is arranged on a vertical plane perpendicular to the turntable, the polarization components of the vertically polarized antenna and the horizontally polarized antenna in any direction are perpendicular to the circumferential normal of the corresponding point of the circle.

[0011] In addition to the aspects and any possible implementations described above, a further implementation is provided in which the vertically polarized antenna and the horizontally polarized antenna in the same group are arranged such that their phase centers coincide or their phase centers are separated.

[0012] In addition to the aspects described above and any possible implementation, a further implementation is provided in which, when the phase centers of the vertically polarized antenna and the horizontally polarized antenna are separated, the distance between the feed points of the two antennas is no greater than 0.5 times the maximum size of the antenna.

[0013] In addition to the aspects described above and any possible implementations, a further implementation is provided in which the dual-polarized antenna is a transmitting antenna:

[0014] The distance between the feed points of the vertically polarized antenna and the horizontally polarized antenna is ≤ 1 / 50 of the closest distance between the antenna and the target field strength excitation region.

[0015] In addition to the aspects and any possible implementations described above, a further implementation is provided in which the dual-polarized antenna is a receiving antenna:

[0016] The distance between the feed points of the vertically polarized antenna and the horizontally polarized antenna is ≤ 1 / 50 of the closest distance between the antenna and the target transmitter.

[0017] In addition to the aspects described above and any possible implementation, a further implementation is provided in which the -10dB beamwidth of the dual-polarized antenna is greater than or equal to the central angle of the polygon corresponding to the side, and less than twice the central angle.

[0018] In addition to the aspects and any possible implementations described above, a further implementation is provided in which the antenna subsystem is a transmitting system:

[0019] The programmable subsystem includes: a control unit, a transmitter, and a multi-path controllable switch box; the control unit, the transmitter, and the multi-path controllable switch box are connected in sequence, and the multi-path controllable switch box is connected to all polarized antennas respectively;

[0020] Alternatively, the programmable subsystem may include: a control unit and a plurality of transmitters, wherein the control unit is connected to all transmitters simultaneously, and each transmitter is connected to one of the polarized antennas in a set of dual-polarized antennas.

[0021] In addition to the aspects and any possible implementations described above, a further implementation is provided in which the antenna subsystem is a receiving system:

[0022] The programmable subsystem includes: a control unit, a receiver, and a multi-path controllable switch box; the control unit, the receiver, and the multi-path controllable switch box are connected in sequence, and the multi-path controllable switch box is connected to all polarized antennas respectively;

[0023] Alternatively, the programmable subsystem may include: a control unit and a plurality of receivers, wherein the control unit is connected to all receivers simultaneously, and each receiver is connected to one of the polarized antennas in a set of dual-polarized antennas.

[0024] On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for electromagnetic wave emission and measurement, implemented using any of the electromagnetic wave emission and measurement systems described above; the method includes:

[0025] The programmable control subsystem is activated, and all dual-polarized antennas are controlled to emit electromagnetic waves through the programmable control subsystem. Different polarized antennas emit simultaneously or at different times, at the same frequency or at different frequencies, forming a complex electromagnetic environment; at the same time, the rotary power equipment controls the turntable to rotate.

[0026] Alternatively, the programmable subsystem can be activated to control all the dual-polarized antennas to receive electromagnetic waves, with different polarized antennas receiving simultaneously or at different times; at the same time, the rotary power equipment controls the turntable to rotate in steps at specific angles to capture the signal from the direction of the maximum electromagnetic field.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, one of the above technical solutions has the following advantages or beneficial effects: The present invention adopts a polygonal antenna layout, which is convenient for engineering implementation. The antenna is installed at the center of each side, and the -10dB beamwidth of the antenna is greater than or equal to the central angle of the polygon corresponding to that side but less than twice the central angle, which is beneficial to achieving full horizontal angle coverage for transmission and measurement.

[0028] Another technical solution mentioned above has the following advantages or beneficial effects: a specific setting distance is used between the vertically polarized antenna and the horizontally polarized antenna, so that the measurement angle error caused by the separation of the two polarization component antennas is relatively small and can be ignored.

[0029] Of course, any product implementing this invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the technical effects described above at the same time. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a vertically and horizontally polarized antenna on a horizontal plane provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a vertically and horizontally polarized antenna on a vertical plane provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the phase centers of a vertically polarized antenna element and a horizontally polarized antenna element coinciding, provided in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the separation of the phase centers of a vertically polarized antenna element and a horizontally polarized antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a transmitter system based on a programmable switch box according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a system based on an independent transmitter per channel, provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a receiver system based on a programmable switch box according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a system based on an independent receiver for each channel, provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 9 This is a 3D radiation pattern of the horizontal polarization component of an antenna element at 28 GHz, provided in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 10 This is the total power received by a 28GHz combined vertical and horizontal polarization antenna provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 11 This is the power ratio received by a 28GHz vertically polarized and horizontally polarized antenna provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 12 This is a 3D radiation pattern of the horizontal polarization component of an antenna element at 15 GHz, provided in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 13 This is the total power received by a 15GHz combined vertical and horizontal polarization antenna provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 14 This is the power ratio received by a 15GHz vertically polarized and horizontally polarized antenna provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 15 This is a design diagram of a 3GHz to 50GHz ultra-wideband transmission system provided in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0047] It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a dual-polarized antenna system with a polygonal layout on the horizontal plane, such as... Figure 1 As shown, a polygonal structure for antenna placement is formed on a horizontal plane. Two sets of antennas are positioned on each side of the polygonal structure: one vertical and one horizontal. The polarization components of both sets of antennas are perpendicular to the normal to the edge of the polygon (the normal to the polygon lies in the same plane as the edge). The advantage of this design is that the two polarization directions and the radiation direction extending from the center of the polygon form three orthogonal directions. When the radiation direction is set as the direction of radio wave propagation, the antennas with the two polarization directions can completely receive power or completely construct the polarization direction of the transmitted electromagnetic field through the transmitted power. The antenna system can be mounted on a polygonal turntable (i.e., the aforementioned polygonal structure). A programmable rotary motor can be installed under the polygonal turntable to drive the entire system to rotate.

[0049] Points are selected and arranged along the circular surface on the vertical plane, such as... Figure 2 As shown, a polygonal layout is formed on a horizontal plane, with two sets of antennas on each side, one vertical and one horizontal. The polarization components of these two sets of antennas in any direction are perpendicular to the corresponding circular normal, which refers to the normal to the same plane as the vertical circular plane.

[0050] The vertically polarized antenna element and the horizontally polarized antenna element described above can have their phase centers coincide, such as... Figure 3 As shown; it can also be phase center separation, such as Figure 4 As shown. In the separated state, the distance between the feed points of the two polarization antenna elements is denoted as d. p ,d p It cannot exceed 0.5 times the maximum size of the antenna. When the entire system is used as a transmitting system, the closest distance between the transmitting system antenna and the target field strength excitation region is denoted as L. r , then d p Cannot be greater than L r / 50; When the entire system is used as a receiving system, the closest distance between the receiving system antenna and the target transmitter is denoted as L. t , then d p Cannot be greater than L t / 50. Setting the distance according to the above parameter rules has the main advantage of minimizing the measurement angle error caused by the separation of the two polarization component antennas. Based on trigonometric relationships, in this case, the measurement angle error caused by the separation of the two polarization component antennas is arcsin(1 / 50) = 1.146°, which is negligible. If d is set... p The error cannot exceed Lt / 30. The measurement angle error caused by the separation of the two polarization component antennas is arcsin(1 / 30) = 1.9°, which is acceptable under certain circumstances.

[0051] The main advantages of using a polygonal structure layout are: high mechanical structural robustness and ease of engineering implementation. Preferably, a regular polygonal structure (i.e., an equilateral polygon) can be used; however, in situations with limited space, a non-regular polygonal structure can also be employed. The antenna is installed at the center of each side of the polygon. The -10dB beamwidth of the antenna should be greater than or equal to the central angle of the polygon corresponding to that side, but should be less than twice the central angle of the polygon corresponding to that side. This facilitates achieving full horizontal angular coverage for both transmission and measurement.

[0052] The vertically polarized and horizontally polarized antenna elements described above, when used as a transmitting system, can each be connected to a multi-programmable switch box, which in turn connects to a transmitter. The transmitter, through the programmable switch box and an external computer, controls each antenna element to transmit electromagnetic waves at different times, thus creating a complex electromagnetic environment, such as... Figure 5 As shown. When the entire system is used as a transmitting system, each antenna element can also be connected to a separate transmitter. The transmitter assembly is controlled by an external computer to transmit electromagnetic waves from each antenna element at different times and in different spaces, such as... Figure 6 As shown, different antennas can transmit simultaneously, at different times, or in a pre-arranged order. They can use the same frequency or different frequencies, thus forming a complex electromagnetic environment that is controllable and designable in the time, frequency, spatial, and polarization domains. To achieve a specific field strength polarization ratio in a certain direction, preferably: the vertically polarized antenna element can adopt the same structure as the horizontally polarized antenna element, only rotated 90° geometrically. Then, this vertically polarized-horizontally polarized dual-antenna combination, based on the aforementioned turntable, aligns the main lobe direction of the antenna with the target area. At this point, its field strength polarization ratio is equal to the square root of the ratio of the net feed power of the two antenna ports.

[0053] The vertically polarized antenna unit and the horizontally polarized antenna unit described above, when used as a measurement and receiving system, can each be connected to a multi-programmable switch box, and then connected to a receiver. The receiver controls each antenna unit to receive electromagnetic waves at different times through the programmable switch box and an external computer, as follows: Figure 7 As shown, this allows for the measurement of the spatial distribution of complex electromagnetic environments, as well as the measurement of the spatial amplitude spectrum formed by radio wave propagation, and can also be used for radio direction finding. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio during measurement, the turntable described above can be rotated gradually in small angular steps to capture the signal from the direction of the strongest electromagnetic field. When the entire system is used as a measurement receiving system, each antenna element can be connected to a separate receiver, and the receiver combination with the individual antenna elements can receive electromagnetic waves, such as... Figure 8 As shown, this allows for the measurement of the spatial distribution of complex electromagnetic environments, particularly the instantaneous spatial polarization distribution of electromagnetic fields. It can also be used to measure the spatial amplitude spectrum of radio wave propagation and for radio direction finding. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio during measurement, the aforementioned turntable can be rotated gradually in small angular steps to obtain spatial electromagnetic field distribution data with more detailed angular resolution.

[0054] Example 1:

[0055] Design an electromagnetic wave measurement system with a horizontally oriented regular 9-sided polygon and two vertical rows. Employ a dual-polarized antenna element with approximately co-phase centers of vertical and horizontal polarization. One antenna integrates both horizontal and vertical polarization elements, with two antenna ports located on the side. The measurement range is 3 GHz to 40 GHz. The 3D radiation pattern of the horizontal polarization component at 28 GHz is shown below. Figure 9 As shown, the radiation pattern does not exhibit main lobe splitting, which is beneficial for system implementation. A measurement example at 28 GHz is graphically illustrated as follows: Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, Figure 10 It is the total power received by the 28GHz vertically and horizontally polarized antennas. Combining the vertically and horizontally polarized power is beneficial for obtaining complete power information of space electromagnetic waves and avoiding omissions in power measurement. Figure 11 It represents the power ratio received by the 28GHz vertically polarized and horizontally polarized antennas, reflecting the proportional relationship between the power of different polarizations.

[0056] Example 2:

[0057] Design an electromagnetic wave measurement system with a horizontally shaped regular 9-sided polygon and three vertical rows. Employing a design where the vertical and horizontal polarization phase centers are separated, it has two independent antenna ports. The antenna's measurement range is 5 GHz to 18 GHz. The 3D radiation pattern of the antenna's horizontal polarization component at 15 GHz is shown below. Figure 12 As shown, the radiation pattern does not exhibit main lobe splitting, which is beneficial for system implementation. A measurement example at 15 GHz is graphically illustrated as follows: Figure 13 and 14 As shown, Figure 13 It is the total power received by the 15GHz vertically and horizontally polarized antennas. Combining the vertically and horizontally polarized power is beneficial for obtaining complete power information of space electromagnetic waves and avoiding omissions in power measurement. Figure 14 It represents the power ratio received by the 15GHz vertically polarized and horizontally polarized antennas, reflecting the proportional relationship between the power of different polarizations.

[0058] Example 3:

[0059] Design an electromagnetic wave transmitting system with a horizontal hexagonal shape and two vertical rows. Employing a separation of vertical and horizontal polarization phase centers, it has two independent antenna ports. The antenna's measurement range is 3 GHz to 50 GHz. The system design diagram is shown below. Figure 15 As shown, the system has two independent antenna slots on each surface, mounting ultra-wideband transmitting antenna elements ranging from 3 GHz to 50 GHz. Each antenna element is linearly polarized, and the vertical and horizontal polarization of the two antenna elements are differentiated by a 90° angle difference. The angle between the two independent antenna mounting slots is 90°. The included angle between the two rows of antenna mounting surfaces in the vertical direction is 45°, but other angles can also be designed. Each antenna element is equipped with a separate transmitting module, covering the frequency range of 3 GHz to 50 GHz, and can achieve programmable transmission. A horizontal programmable turntable is installed under the antenna support, with a rotation angle setting accuracy of 0.02°, allowing for more precise angle adjustment. This creates a complex electromagnetic environment that is controllable in the time, frequency, spatial, and polarization domains. Figure 15 The main body is a double-layered nylon hexagonal bracket with a projected diameter of 610mm. The antenna is mounted on the nylon bracket with nylon screws. The transmitting module is installed inside the bracket. Below the bracket is a mechanically controlled turntable connected by bolts. Below the turntable are aluminum alloy legs, also connected by bolts.

[0060] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of a method and system for electromagnetic wave emission and measurement according to embodiments of this application. The descriptions of the embodiments above are merely for the purpose of helping to understand the method and its core ideas; furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this application, there will be changes in specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0061] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a product or system comprising a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a product or system. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the product or system including said element. "Substantially" means within an acceptable margin of error, indicating that a person skilled in the art can resolve the technical problem and substantially achieve the technical effect within a certain margin of error.

[0062] The terminology used in the embodiments of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in the embodiments of this invention and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In this application, the terms “upper,” “lower,” “left,” “right,” “inner,” “outer,” “middle,” “lateral,” and “vertical,” etc., indicate orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. Some of the above terms may also be used to indicate other meanings besides orientation or positional relationships; for example, the term “upper” may in some cases indicate a dependency or connection relationship. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this application according to the specific circumstances. The term “and / or” used herein is merely a description of the association relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. Additionally, the character “ / ” in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an “or” relationship.

Claims

1. A system for transmitting and measuring electromagnetic waves, characterized in that, The system includes a dual-polarized antenna subsystem and a programmable control subsystem for controlling the operation of the antenna subsystem. The antenna subsystem includes: a turntable of equilateral or non-equilateral polygonal shape, a rotation power device, and multiple sets of dual-polarized antennas; the rotation power device is located below the turntable and can drive the turntable to rotate; the multiple sets of dual-polarized antennas are respectively located at the middle position of each side of the turntable; The programmable subsystem is electrically connected to the dual-polarized antenna; Each of the dual-polarized antennas in the group includes a vertically polarized antenna and a horizontally polarized antenna; Both the vertically polarized antenna and the horizontally polarized antenna are perpendicular to the normal of the side they are on; When a circle is arranged on a vertical plane perpendicular to the turntable, the polarization components of the vertically polarized antenna and the horizontally polarized antenna in any direction are perpendicular to the circumferential normal of the corresponding point of the circle. The vertically polarized antenna and the horizontally polarized antenna in the same group are arranged with their phase centers either coincident or separate. When the phase centers of the vertically polarized antenna and the horizontally polarized antenna are separated, the distance between the feed points of the two antennas is no greater than 0.5 times the maximum size of the antenna. The dual-polarized antenna is a transmitting antenna. The distance between the feed points of the vertically polarized antenna and the horizontally polarized antenna is ≤ 1 / 50 of the closest distance between the antenna and the target field strength excitation region; The dual-polarized antenna is a receiving antenna. The distance between the feed points of the vertically polarized antenna and the horizontally polarized antenna is ≤ 1 / 50 of the closest distance between the antenna and the target transmitter. The -10dB beamwidth of the dual-polarized antenna is greater than or equal to the central angle of the polygon corresponding to its side, and less than twice that central angle.

2. The electromagnetic wave transmission and measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna subsystem is a transmitting system. The programmable subsystem includes: a control unit, a transmitter, and a multi-path controllable switch box; the control unit, the transmitter, and the multi-path controllable switch box are connected in sequence, and the multi-path controllable switch box is connected to all polarized antennas respectively; Alternatively, the programmable subsystem may include: a control unit and a plurality of transmitters, wherein the control unit is connected to all transmitters simultaneously, and each transmitter is connected to one of the polarized antennas in a set of dual-polarized antennas.

3. The electromagnetic wave transmission and measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna subsystem is a receiving system. The programmable subsystem includes: a control unit, a receiver, and a multi-path controllable switch box; the control unit, the receiver, and the multi-path controllable switch box are connected in sequence, and the multi-path controllable switch box is connected to all polarized antennas respectively; Alternatively, the programmable subsystem may include: a control unit and a plurality of receivers, wherein the control unit is connected to all receivers simultaneously, and each receiver is connected to one of the polarized antennas in a set of dual-polarized antennas.

4. A method for transmitting and measuring electromagnetic waves, characterized in that, This is achieved using the electromagnetic wave emission and measurement system described in any one of claims 1-3; the method includes: The programmable control subsystem is activated, and all dual-polarized antennas are controlled to emit electromagnetic waves through the programmable control subsystem. Different polarized antennas emit simultaneously or at different times, at the same frequency or at different frequencies, forming a complex electromagnetic environment; at the same time, the rotary power equipment controls the turntable to rotate. Alternatively, the programmable subsystem can be activated to control all the dual-polarized antennas to receive electromagnetic waves, with different polarized antennas receiving simultaneously or at different times; at the same time, the rotary power equipment controls the turntable to rotate in steps at specific angles to capture the signal from the direction of the maximum electromagnetic field.

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