Method for producing a component for a plain bearing, and component, plain bearing and transmission of a wind turbine

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a component (1) of a plain bearing (10), comprising the following steps: - providing a metal pin (2) having a cylindrical lateral surface (2a) and two end faces (2b, 2c); - coating the lateral surface (2a) of the pin (2) with a soldering flux (3) or a solder material (4); - providing a metal sheet (5) made of bronze and forming the metal sheet (5) to a cylindrical sleeve (7) having a longitudinal groove (6), wherein, before or after the forming, a first side (5a) of the metal sheet (5) forming an inner side (7a) of the sleeve (7) is coated with a solder material (4) or a soldering flux (3), wherein the lateral surface (2a) of the pin (2) or the inner side (7a) of the sleeve (7) is designed with a soldering flux (3); - sliding the sleeve (7) onto the lateral surface (2a) of the pin (2); - joining the lateral surface (2a) and the sleeve (7) material-lockingly by means of a soldering process; - optionally, closing the longitudinal groove (6) of the sleeve (7), in particular by soldering; and - optionally, machining the second side (5b) of the metal sheet (5) facing away from the pin (2).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for producing components for sliding bearings and to such components. The invention also relates to sliding bearings comprising such components. Finally, the invention relates to a transmission device for a wind turbine that includes at least one such sliding bearing. Background Technology

[0002] EP 3 396 187 A1 describes a method for producing a component in the form of a sliding bearing bushing for a sliding bearing. In this method, a planar support metal layer is provided, a sliding layer is disposed on the support metal layer, and the resulting planar composite material is rolled up such that the support layer is radially disposed below the sliding layer. The sliding bearing bushing may have a weld in the axial direction. The sliding bearing bushing is mounted on the shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, forming planetary pins for supporting planetary gears together with the shaft. The sliding bearing bushing is preferably retracted onto the shaft. The resulting sliding bearing, including planetary pins and planetary gears, is suitable for wind turbine drives.

[0003] DE 37 28 951 A1 discloses a rolled bushing for a sliding bearing, the rolled bushing being made of strip segments. The mating joints appearing in the regions of the pointing ends of the rolled strip segments are closed by charge carrier beam welding.

[0004] According to DIN1494-1 of June 1983, bushings for sliding bearings rolled in this manner have a wall thickness ranging from 0.75 to 2.5 mm. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to significantly reduce the wall thickness of the sliding layer in the components of a sliding bearing, while simultaneously minimizing the cost of forming the sliding layer.

[0006] This objective is achieved by a method for producing components for sliding bearings, the method comprising the following steps:

[0007] - Provides a metal pin with a cylindrical side surface and two end faces;

[0008] - Coat the side surfaces of the pin with welding flux or solder material;

[0009] - Provide a metal sheet made of bronze and form the metal sheet into a cylindrical sleeve with longitudinal grooves, wherein, before or after the forming process, the first side of the inner side of the forming sleeve of the metal sheet is coated with solder material or welding flux, and the lateral surface of the pin or the inner side of the sleeve is designed to have welding flux.

[0010] - Slide the sleeve onto the lateral surface of the pin;

[0011] -The lateral surfaces and sleeve material are joined together by means of a welding process;

[0012] - Optionally, the longitudinal groove of the sleeve is closed, particularly by welding; and

[0013] - Optionally, the second side of the metal sheet away from the pin is machined.

[0014] This method allows the sleeve thickness to be kept particularly low and reduces the manufacturing cost of the component.

[0015] If the first side of the metal sheet is coated with solder material, then solder flux is applied to the lateral surface of the pin. On the other hand, if solder material is applied to the lateral surface of the pin, then the first side of the metal sheet is coated with solder flux.

[0016] Preferably, the metal sheet is coated before it is formed into a sleeve, but it is also possible to coat the inner side of the sleeve after it is formed; for example, by thermal spraying of solder material or spraying of solder flux.

[0017] In order to slide the sleeve onto the pins, the dimensions of these pins have clearance relative to each other, specifically in such a way that this is possible without deforming the geometry of the sleeve.

[0018] The bronze sheet metal is preferably formed from a sliding bearing material in the form of a copper-zinc alloy, a copper-tin alloy, a copper-aluminum alloy, or a mixture thereof.

[0019] The solder material is preferably formed from a hard solder material, such as a silver-containing hard solder. However, a soft solder can also be used as the solder material.

[0020] Solder material is preferably applied with a layer thickness in the range of up to 160 μm, particularly with a layer thickness in the range of up to 80 μm.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of this method, the solder material is applied by thermal spraying. However, pouring onto liquid solder material or screen printing are also possible. Furthermore, it is possible to use solder foil, which is cut to the desired size and induction heated for application to a metal sheet.

[0022] During the welding process, preferably, the sleeve is pressed evenly against the pin on all sides, such that a continuous material bond is formed between the lateral surface of the pin and the inner side of the sleeve during the welding process. For this purpose, the sleeve can be held on the pin by at least one clamping element surrounding the sleeve. Alternatively, the sleeve can be inserted together with the pin into a blind hole for welding, wherein the wall of the blind hole presses the sleeve against the pin at least in certain areas.

[0023] During the welding process, the sleeve is preferably induction heated to liquefy the solder material and welding flux together, and to form a bond between the inner side of the sleeve and the lateral surface of the pin. As an alternative to induction heating, infrared radiators or gas or oil ovens can also be used for heating.

[0024] The metal sheet preferably has a sheet thickness ranging from 0.1 to 10 mm, particularly from 0.5 to 3 mm. This saves on sleeve material and minimizes manufacturing costs.

[0025] If mechanically required, the longitudinal grooves of the sleeve are closed, particularly by welding, especially laser welding. If the solder material has completely or at least partially filled the longitudinal grooves, the additional process for closing them can be omitted.

[0026] After optionally closing the longitudinal groove of the sleeve, the second side of the sliding surface of the forming part of the metal sheet is preferably mechanically re-machined. This can also be omitted if the surface of the sleeve already meets the requirements for sliding contact.

[0027] After the component has been cleaned, it is ready to be installed in a sliding bearing.

[0028] The pin is preferably made of steel, particularly 42CrMoV4 or C60 grade steel. It is preferable to machine the pin to a specific size and clean it before applying welding flux or solder material.

[0029] This objective is also achieved by a component of a sliding bearing, which is manufactured using the method according to the invention.

[0030] Significant cost advantages are achieved by including a sliding bearing comprising a component according to the invention and a planetary gear with a bore, wherein the component is centrally housed in the bore, and wherein, on the one hand, a second side of the metal sheet and on the other hand, the planetary gear are arranged in direct sliding contact in the region of the bore.

[0031] The transmission device of the wind turbine, which includes at least one sliding bearing according to the invention, also has low production cost and long service life. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figures 1 to 7 The invention is intended to be explained by way of example. In the accompanying drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 The metal foil and the sleeve formed therefrom are shown, as well as the subsequent coating on the inside of the sleeve;

[0034] Figure 2 The coating on the pin and its lateral surfaces is shown;

[0035] Figure 3 Another metal foil is shown, along with its coating and formation as a sleeve;

[0036] Figure 4 Another pin and its lateral surface coating are shown;

[0037] Figure 5 The connection between the pin and the sleeve is shown to form the components of a sliding bearing;

[0038] Figure 6 A longitudinal section is shown passing through the sliding bearing, which includes the component and the planetary gears; and

[0039] Figure 7 A transmission device comprising multiple sliding bearings for use in a wind turbine is shown.

[0040] The same reference numerals in the figure indicate the same parts. Detailed Implementation

[0041] In the image at the top, Figure 1 A bronze foil 5 is shown, having a first side 5a and a second side 5b, and a sheet thickness of 1 mm. According to the middle image, the foil 5 is formed into a sleeve 7 by being rolled up, wherein longitudinal grooves 6 are formed. The first side 5a of the foil now forms the inner side 7a of the sleeve 7. According to the bottom image, the inner side 7a of the sleeve 7 is now coated with solder material 4, specifically by thermal spraying.

[0042] Figure 2 The top image shows a pin 2 with a lateral surface 2a and two end faces 2b and 2c. The pin 2 is machined to a certain size and cleaned. The bottom image shows the lateral surface 2a of the pin 2 coated with welding flux material 3.

[0043] In the image at the top, Figure 3Another metal foil 5 made of bronze is shown, having a first side 5a and a second side 5b, and a sheet thickness of 1 mm. According to the middle image, the first side 5a of the metal sheet 5 is coated with solder flux 3. According to the bottom image, the metal foil 5, together with the solder flux 3, is now formed into a sleeve 7 by being rolled up, wherein longitudinal grooves 6 are formed. The first side 5a of the metal foil 5 with the solder flux 3 layer now forms the inner side 7a of the sleeve 7.

[0044] Figure 4 Another pin 2 is shown, having a lateral surface 2a and two end faces 2b and 2c. The pin 2 is machined to a certain size and cleaned. The bottom image shows that the lateral surface 2a of the pin 2 is coated with solder material 4, specifically by thermal spraying.

[0045] Figure 5 It shows according to Figure 2 The pin 2 having a coated lateral surface 2a and according to Figure 1 The connection of sleeve 7, or according to Figure 4 The pin 2 having a coated lateral surface 2a and according to Figure 3 The sleeve 7 is connected to form component 1 of the sliding bearing 10 (see...). Figure 6 The top image shows the sleeve 7 being pushed onto the coated lateral surface of the pin 2 and pressed onto the pin and secured in place by means of the clamp 8. A welding process then takes place, during which a material bond is formed between the pin 2 and the sleeve 7. The next image shows the pin 2 with the sleeve 7 welded on after the welding process and after the clamp 8 has been removed. A longitudinal groove 6 can be seen in the area of ​​the sleeve 7, which is now closed by laser welding (see next image). If desired, the sleeve 7 is machined on its side facing away from the pin 2, corresponding to the second side 5b of the metal foil 5. Therefore, the sliding surface 9 of component 1 can be provided after welding, after the longitudinal groove 6 is closed, or only after the sleeve 7 has been machined. Component 1 is preferably cleaned and can now be used in the sliding bearing 10 (see...). Figure 6 ).

[0046] Figure 6 A schematic longitudinal section through a sliding bearing 10 is shown, which includes a component 1 and a planetary gear 12 having a bore 12a, in which the component 1 is received. A pin 2 can be seen, which is securely attached to a sleeve 7 via a solder layer 4′. The sleeve 7 has a sliding surface 9 with which the planetary gear 12 slides in contact within the region of the bore 12a. The planetary gear 12 rotates concentrically about the component 1 relative to its longitudinal axis L and slides on the sliding layer 9.

[0047] Figure 7A transmission 100 for a wind turbine is shown, comprising three sliding bearings 10. Each sliding bearing 10 includes a component 1 in the form of a planetary pin 11 and a planetary gear 12, wherein the planetary gear 12 and the component 1 or the planetary pin 11 are in sliding contact with each other. Additionally, a hollow gear 13, a sun gear 14, and a planet carrier 15 are also visible.

[0048] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0049] 1 component

[0050] 2 sales

[0051] 2a Lateral surface

[0052] 2b and 2c end faces

[0053] 3 Welding flux

[0054] 4 Solder materials

[0055] 4′ Solder layer

[0056] 5. Metal Sheets

[0057] 5a First side

[0058] 5b Second side

[0059] 6 longitudinal grooves

[0060] 7 sleeves

[0061] 7a Inner side

[0062] 8 Clamping components

[0063] 9. Sliding surface

[0064] 10 Sliding bearings

[0065] 11 Planetary pinions

[0066] 12 Planetary Wheels

[0067] 12a Hole

[0068] 13 Hollow Gear

[0069] 14 Sun Gear

[0070] 15 Planetary Carrier

[0071] 100 Transmission device

[0072] L is the longitudinal axis.

Claims

1. A method for producing a component (1) of a sliding bearing (10), the method comprising the following steps: - Provide a metal pin (2) having a cylindrical lateral surface (2a) and two end faces (2b, 2c); - The lateral surface (2a) of the pin (2) is coated with welding flux (3) or solder material (4); - Provide a metal sheet (5) made of bronze and form the metal sheet (5) into a cylindrical sleeve (7) having a longitudinal groove (6), wherein, before or after the forming process, the first side (5a) of the metal sheet (5) forming the inner side (7a) of the sleeve (7) is coated with solder material (4) or welding flux (3), wherein the lateral surface (2a) of the pin (2) or the inner side (7a) of the sleeve (7) is designed to have the welding flux (3). - Slide the sleeve (7) onto the lateral surface (2a) of the pin (2); - The lateral surface (2a) and the sleeve (7) are joined together by means of a welding process; - The longitudinal groove (6) of the sleeve (7) is closed.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The solder material (4) is formed from hard solder material.

3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein, The solder material (4) is applied with a layer thickness in the range of up to 160 μm.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein, The solder material (4) is applied by thermal spraying.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein, During the welding process, the sleeve (7) is pressed against the pin (2).

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein, During the welding process, the sleeve (7) is induction heated.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein, The metal sheet (5) has a sheet thickness in the range of 0.1 to 10 mm.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The seal is achieved through welding.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein, After the longitudinal groove (6) of the sleeve (7) is closed, the second side (5b) of the metal sheet (5) away from the pin (2) is cut.

10. A component (1) of a sliding bearing (10), said component being manufactured by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. A sliding bearing (10) comprising the component (1) according to claim 10 and a planetary gear (12) having a bore (12a), wherein, The component (1) is centrally housed in the hole (12a), wherein, on the one hand, the second side (5a) of the metal sheet (5) and on the other hand, the planetary gear (12) are arranged in direct sliding contact in the region of the hole (12a).

12. A transmission device (100) for a wind turbine, the transmission device comprising at least one sliding bearing (10) according to claim 11.

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