Method and apparatus for receiving PPDU with copied data via 80MHz frequency band in a wireless local area network system

Abstract

A method and apparatus for receiving a PPDU in a wireless LAN system are proposed. Specifically, a receiving STA receives a PPDU from a transmitting STA via an 80MHz frequency band and decodes the PPDU. The PPDU includes a preamble and a data field. The 80MHz frequency band includes a first 484-tone RU and a second 484-tone RU. The data field includes first data for the first 484-tone RU and second data for the second 484-tone RU. The second data is obtained by copying the first data. The first and second 484-tone RUs are resource units comprising 484 tones.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This specification relates to a method for receiving a PPDU in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, and more specifically, to a method and apparatus for receiving a PPDU in which data is copied via an 80MHz frequency band. Background Technology

[0002] Wireless local area networks (WLANs) have been improved in various ways. For example, the IEEE 802.11ax standard proposes an improved communication environment using orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and downlink multiple user multiple input multiple output (DLMU MIMO) technologies.

[0003] This specification proposes technical features that can be utilized in new communication standards. For example, a new communication standard could be the currently discussed Extremely High Throughput (EHT) standard. The EHT standard could utilize newly proposed increased bandwidth, enhanced PHY layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) structures, enhanced sequencing, Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) schemes, etc. The EHT standard could be referred to as the IEEE 802.11be standard.

[0004] New wireless LAN standards may use an increased number of spatial streams. In this case, to properly utilize the increased number of spatial streams, it may be necessary to improve the signaling technology in the WLAN system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Technical issues

[0006] This specification provides a method and apparatus for receiving PPDUs in a wireless LAN system, wherein data is copied, via an 80MHz frequency band.

[0007] Technical solution

[0008] The examples in this specification present a method for receiving a PPDU in which data has been copied.

[0009] This embodiment can be executed in a network environment that supports next-generation WLAN systems (IEEE 802.11be or EHT WLAN systems). Next-generation wireless LAN systems are WLAN systems enhanced from 802.11ax systems, thus satisfying backward compatibility with 802.11ax systems.

[0010] This embodiment proposes a method and apparatus for copying and transmitting data to increase the transmission distance in EHT PPDU transmission. 802.11be wireless LAN systems can support transmission in low-power indoor environments over a 6GHz broadband bandwidth. Therefore, to achieve more reliable performance, a method for repeatedly transmitting data in the frequency domain within an EHT PPDU is proposed.

[0011] The receiving station (STA) receives Physical Protocol Data Units (PPDUs) from the transmitting STA via the 80MHz frequency band.

[0012] Receive STA and decode PPDU.

[0013] PPDUs can be Very High Throughput (EHT) PPDUs supporting 802.11be wireless LAN systems. A PPDU consists of a preamble and a data field. The preamble can be a Traditional Short Training Field (L-STF), a Traditional Long Training Field (L-LTF), a Traditional Signal (L-SIG), a Universal Signal (U-SIG), an EHT-SIG, an EHT-STF, or an EHT-LTF.

[0014] The 80MHz band includes a first 484-tone resource unit (RU) and a second 484-tone RU. The data field includes first data for the first 484-tone RU and second data for the second 484-tone RU. The second data is obtained by copying the first data and applying a phase rotation to it. The first and second 484-tone RUs are resource units comprising 484 tones.

[0015] Beneficial effects

[0016] According to the embodiments presented in this specification, by dividing the entire frequency band used for transmitting PPDUs into two RUs and repeatedly transmitting data for each RU, reliable performance can be achieved even for transmissions over longer distances. As a result, the transmission range of the transmitter's PPDUs is increased, and the overall performance is improved. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 Examples of transmitting and / or receiving devices shown in this specification are illustrated.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a conceptual diagram illustrating the structure of a wireless local area network (WLAN).

[0019] Figure 3 The diagram illustrates the typical link setup process.

[0020] Figure 4 The illustration shows an example of a PPDU used in IEEE standards.

[0021] Figure 5 The diagram illustrates the layout of resource units (RUs) used in a 20MHz frequency band.

[0022] Figure 6 The diagram illustrates the layout of resource units (RUs) used in a 40MHz frequency band.

[0023] Figure 7 The diagram illustrates the layout of resource units (RUs) used in the 80MHz frequency band.

[0024] Figure 8 The diagram illustrates the structure of the HE-SIG-B field.

[0025] Figure 9 The illustration shows an example of assigning multiple user STAs to the same RU using a MU-MIMO scheme.

[0026] Figure 10 An example of a PPDU used in this specification is illustrated.

[0027] Figure 11 Examples of modified transmitting and / or receiving devices are illustrated in this specification.

[0028] Figure 12 An example of the PHY transmission process for HE SU PPDU is shown.

[0029] Figure 13 An example block diagram of a transmitter that uses BCC encoding to generate the data field of an HE PPDU is shown.

[0030] Figure 14 An example block diagram of a transmitter that uses LDPC encoding to generate the data field of an HE PPDU is shown.

[0031] Figure 15 The illustration shows the 1x HE-STF tone in each channel PPDU transmission according to this embodiment.

[0032] Figure 16 This shows an example of data replication for each 40MHz step when an 80MHz PPDU is sent.

[0033] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the tone scheme for the 80MHz band defined in 802.11be.

[0034] Figure 18 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the transmitting device / equipment according to this embodiment.

[0035] Figure 19 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the receiving device / equipment according to this embodiment.

[0036] Figure 20 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of transmitting a PPDU using a STA according to this embodiment.

[0037] Figure 21 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of receiving a PPDU from a STA according to this embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0038] In this specification, "A or B" may mean "A only", "B only", or "both A and B". In other words, in this specification, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, in this specification, "A, B or C" may mean "A only", "B only", "C only", or "any combination of A, B, and C".

[0039] The forward slash ( / ) or comma used in this specification may mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B". Therefore, "A / B" may mean "A only", "B only", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C".

[0040] In this specification, "at least one of A and B" may mean "A only", "B only" or "both A and B". Additionally, in this specification, the expression "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as "at least one of A and B".

[0041] Additionally, in this specification, "at least one of A, B, and C" may mean "A only", "B only", "C only" or "any combination of A, B, and C". Furthermore, "at least one of A, B, or C" or "at least one of A, B, and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0042] Additionally, the parentheses used in this specification may mean "for example". Specifically, when indicated as "control information (EHT-signal)", it may mean that an "EHT-signal" is proposed as an example of "control information". In other words, "control information" in this specification is not limited to "EHT-signal", and an "EHT-signal" may be proposed as an example of "control information". Furthermore, when indicated as "control information (i.e., EHT-signal)", it may also mean that an "EHT-signal" is proposed as an example of "control information".

[0043] The technical features described individually in one of the accompanying drawings of this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0044] The examples in this specification can be applied to various wireless communication systems. For example, the examples in this specification can be applied to wireless local area network (WLAN) systems. For example, this specification can be applied to the IEEE 802.11a / g / n / ac standard or the IEEE 802.11ax standard. Additionally, this specification can also be applied to the newly proposed EHT standard or the IEEE 802.11be standard. Furthermore, the examples in this specification can also be applied to new WLAN standards enhanced from the EHT standard or the IEEE 802.11be standard. Additionally, the examples in this specification can be applied to mobile communication systems. For example, it can be applied to mobile communication systems based on Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards dependent on the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards and LTE-based evolution. Furthermore, the examples in this specification can be applied to communication systems based on the 5G NR standard of the 3GPP standard.

[0045] In the following text, for the purpose of describing the technical features of this specification, technical features that can be applied to this specification will be described.

[0046] Figure 1 Examples of transmitting and / or receiving devices shown in this specification are illustrated.

[0047] exist Figure 1 In the example, the various technical features described below can be implemented. Figure 1 This involves at least one station (STA). For example, STA 110 and 120 in this specification may also be referred to by various terms such as mobile terminal, wireless device, wireless transceiver unit (WTRU), user equipment (UE), mobile station (MS), mobile subscriber unit, or simply user. STA 110 and 120 in this specification may also be referred to by various terms such as network, base station, node B, access point (AP), repeater, router, relay, etc. STA 110 and 120 in this specification may also be referred to by various names such as receiving device, transmitting device, receiving STA, transmitting STA, receiving equipment, transmitting equipment, etc.

[0048] For example, STA 110 and 120 can be used as an AP or a non-AP. That is, STA 110 and 120 of this specification can be used as an AP and / or a non-AP.

[0049] In addition to the IEEE 802.11 standard, STAs 110 and 120 in this specification can support various communication standards together. For example, they can support communication standards based on 3GPP standards (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, 5G NR standards). Furthermore, the STAs in this specification can be implemented in various devices such as mobile phones, vehicles, and personal computers. Additionally, the STAs in this specification can support various communication services such as voice calls, video calls, data communication, and autonomous driving.

[0050] The STA 110 and 120 of this specification may include media access control (MAC) conforming to the IEEE 802.11 standard and a physical layer interface for radio media.

[0051] The following will refer to Figure 1 The subgraph (a) is used to describe STA 110 and 120.

[0052] The first STA 110 may include a processor 111, a memory 112, and a transceiver 113. The illustrated processor, memory, and transceiver may be implemented as separate chips, or at least two blocks / functions may be implemented as a single chip.

[0053] The transceiver 113 of the first STA performs signal transmission / reception operations. Specifically, it can transmit / receive IEEE 802.11 packets (e.g., IEEE 802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax / be, etc.).

[0054] For example, the first STA 110 can perform the operations expected by the AP. For example, the AP's processor 111 can receive signals via transceiver 113, process receive (RX) signals, generate transmit (TX) signals, and provide control over signal transmission. The AP's memory 112 can store signals received via transceiver 113 (e.g., RX signals) and can store signals to be transmitted via transceiver 113 (e.g., TX signals).

[0055] For example, the second STA 120 can perform operations not expected of an AP STA. For example, a non-AP transceiver 123 performs signal transmission / reception operations. Specifically, it can transmit / receive IEEE 802.11 packets (e.g., IEEE 802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax / be packets, etc.).

[0056] For example, a non-AP STA processor 121 can receive signals via transceiver 123, process RX signals, generate TX signals, and provide control over signal transmission. A non-AP STA memory 122 can store signals received via transceiver 123 (e.g., RX signals) and can store signals to be transmitted via transceiver 123 (e.g., TX signals).

[0057] For example, the operation of a device designated as an AP in the description below can be performed in either the first STA 110 or the second STA 120. For instance, if the first STA 110 is an AP, the operation of the device designated as an AP can be controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110, and related signals can be transmitted or received via a transceiver 113 controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110. Additionally, control information related to the operation of the AP or the AP's TX / RX signals can be stored in the memory 112 of the first STA 110. Similarly, if the second STA 120 is an AP, the operation of the device designated as an AP can be controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120, and related signals can be transmitted or received via a transceiver 123 controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120. Furthermore, control information related to the operation of the AP or the AP's TX / RX signals can be stored in the memory 122 of the second STA 120.

[0058] For example, in the description below, the operation of a device designated as a non-AP (or user STA) can be performed in either the first STA 110 or the second STA 120. For instance, if the second STA 120 is a non-AP, the operation of the device designated as a non-AP can be controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120, and related signals can be transmitted or received via a transceiver 123 controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120. Additionally, control information related to the operation of a non-AP or non-AP TX / RX signals can be stored in the memory 122 of the second STA 120. Similarly, if the first STA 110 is a non-AP, the operation of the device designated as a non-AP can be controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110, and related signals can be transmitted or received via a transceiver 113 controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110. Additionally, control information related to the operation of a non-AP or non-AP TX / RX signals can be stored in the memory 112 of the first STA 110.

[0059] In the following description, devices referred to as (transmit / receive) STA, first STA, second STA, STA1, STA2, AP, first AP, second AP, AP1, AP2, (transmit / receive) terminal, (transmit / receive) device, (transmit / receive apparatus), network, etc., may refer to... Figure 1 STAs 110 and 120. For example, devices indicated as (but without specific labels) (transmitting / receiving) STA, first STA, second STA, STA1, STA2, AP, first AP, second AP, AP1, AP2, (transmitting / receiving) terminal, (transmitting / receiving) device, (transmitting / receiving) apparatus, network, etc., can implicitly refer to... Figure 1 STAs 110 and 120. For example, in the following example, the operation of various STA transmit / receive signals (e.g., PPDU) can be... Figure 1 The operation is performed in transceivers 113 and 123. Additionally, in the following examples, various STAs can generate TX / RX signals or perform data processing and calculations on TX / RX signals in advance. Figure 1 The operations are executed in processors 111 and 121. Examples of operations for generating TX / RX signals or performing prior data processing and calculations may include: 1) operations to determine / obtain / configure / calculate / decode / encode bit information of subfields (SIG, STF, LTF, data) included in the PPDU; 2) operations to determine / configure / obtain time resources or frequency resources (e.g., subcarrier resources) for the subfields (SIG, STF, LTF, data) included in the PPDU; 3) operations to determine / configure / obtain specific sequences (e.g., pilot sequences, STF / LTF sequences, additional sequences applied to SIG) for the subfields (SIG, STF, LTF, data) included in the PPDU; 4) power control operations and / or power-saving operations applied to the STA; and 5) operations related to the determination / obtaining / configuration / decoding / encoding of the ACK signal. Additionally, in the following examples, various information (e.g., information related to fields / subfields / control fields / parameters / power, etc.) used by various STAs to determine / obtain / configure / calculate / decode / decode the TX / RX signal may be stored in the STA's memory. Figure 1 In memory 112 and 122.

[0060] Figure 1 The aforementioned device / STA in subgraph (a) can be as follows Figure 1 The subgraph (b) is modified as shown below. In the following text, the modifications will be based on... Figure 1 The sub-diagram (b) is used to describe STA 110 and STA120 in this specification.

[0061] For example, Figure 1The transceivers 113 and 123 shown in subgraph (b) can perform the same functions as... Figure 1 The transceiver shown in sub-diagram (a) has the same function as the aforementioned transceiver. For example, Figure 1 The processing chips 114 and 124 shown in sub-figure (b) may include processors 111 and 121 and memories 112 and 122. Figure 1 The processors 111 and 121 and the memories 112 and 122 shown in sub-figure (b) can perform operations related to Figure 1 The processors 111 and 121 and the memories 112 and 122 shown in sub-figure (a) have the same functions.

[0062] The mobile terminal, wireless device, wireless transceiver unit (WTRU), user equipment (UE), mobile station (MS), mobile subscriber unit, user, subscriber STA, network, base station, node B, access point (AP), repeater, router, relay, receiving unit, transmitting unit, receiving STA, transmitting STA, receiving device, transmitting device, receiving apparatus and / or transmitting apparatus described below may mean Figure 1 The STA110 and 120 shown in subgraphs (a) / (b) may mean, or Figure 1 The processing chips 114 and 124 are shown in sub-figure (b). That is to say, the technical features of this specification can be found in... Figure 1 It can be performed in STA 110 and 120 as shown in subgraphs (a) / (b), or it can be performed only in... Figure 1 The processing chips 114 and 124 shown in sub-diagram (b) are executed Figure 1 Transceivers 113 and 123 are shown in sub-diagrams (a) and (b). For example, the technical features of transmitting control signals by the STA can be understood as being through... Figure 1 The transceiver 113 shown in sub-diagrams (a) / (b) transmits in Figure 1 The technical features of the control signals generated in processors 111 and 121 are illustrated in sub-figures (a) / (b). Alternatively, the technical features of the STA transmitting control signals can be understood as follows: Figure 1 The technical features of generating control signals to be transmitted to transceivers 113 and 123 in processing chips 114 and 124 are shown in sub-figure (b).

[0063] For example, the technical characteristics of receiving STA control signals can be understood as through... Figure 1 The technical features of transceivers 113 and 123 receiving control signals are shown in sub-figure (a). Alternatively, the technical features of receiving STA control signals can be understood as being achieved through... Figure 1 Processors 111 and 121 shown in subgraph (a) obtain Figure 1The technical features of the control signals received in transceivers 113 and 123 shown in sub-figure (a) are illustrated. Alternatively, the technical features of receiving control signals by the STA can be understood as being achieved through... Figure 1 The processing chips 114 and 124 shown in sub-figure (b) obtain Figure 1 Technical features of the control signals received in transceivers 113 and 123 as shown in sub-figure (b).

[0064] refer to Figure 1 Subgraph (b), software codes 115 and 125 can be included in memories 112 and 122. Software codes 115 and 125 can include instructions for controlling the operation of processors 111 and 121. Software codes 115 and 125 can be included in various programming languages.

[0065] Figure 1 The processors 111 and 121 or processing chips 114 and 124 may include application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), other chipsets, logic circuits, and / or data processing devices. The processor may be an application processor (AP). For example, Figure 1 The processors 111 and 121 or processing chips 114 and 124 may include at least one of the following: a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), and a modulator and demodulator (modem). For example, Figure 1 The processors 111 and 121 or the processing chips 114 and 124 can be made by The SNAPDRAGON™ series processors manufactured by The EXYNOS™ series processors manufactured by The A-series processors manufactured by The HELIO™ series processors manufactured by Processors manufactured from the ATOM™ series or processors enhanced from these processors.

[0066] In this specification, uplink can mean a link used for communication from a non-AP STA to an SP STA, and uplink PPDUs / packets / signals, etc., can be transmitted through the uplink. Similarly, in this specification, downlink can mean a link used for communication from an AP STA to a non-AP STA, and downlink PPDUs / packets / signals, etc., can be transmitted through the downlink.

[0067] Figure 2 This is a conceptual diagram illustrating the structure of a wireless local area network (WLAN).

[0068] Figure 2The upper part of the diagram illustrates the structure of the Infrastructure Basic Services Set (BSS) of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11.

[0069] refer to Figure 2 The upper part of the wireless LAN system may include one or more infrastructure BSS 200 and 205 (hereinafter referred to as BSS). BSS 200 and 205, as a set of APs and STAs (e.g., access point (AP) 225 and station (STA1) 200-1) that have successfully synchronized to communicate with each other, are not concepts indicating a specific area. BSS 205 may include one or more STAs 205-1 and 205-2 that can join an AP 230.

[0070] A BSS may include at least one STA, an AP that provides distributed services, and a distributed system (DS) 210 that connects multiple APs.

[0071] Distributed system 210 can implement an Extended Service Set (ESS) 240 that is expanded by connecting multiple BSSs 200 and 205. ESS 240 can be used as a term to refer to a network configured by connecting one or more APs 225 or 230 via distributed system 210. APs included in an ESS 240 can have the same Service Set Identifier (SSID).

[0072] Portal 220 can be used as a bridge to connect a wireless LAN network (IEEE 802.11) to another network (e.g., 802.X).

[0073] exist Figure 2 The BSS shown at the top allows for networking between APs 225 and 230, as well as between APs 225 and 230 and STAs 200-1, 205-1, and 205-2. However, it also allows for networking between STAs to perform communication even without APs 225 and 230. Networks that enable communication between STAs by configuring networks even without APs 225 and 230 are defined as self-organizing networks or Independent Basic Service Sets (IBSS).

[0074] Figure 2 The lower part of the diagram is a concept diagram, illustrating IBSS.

[0075] refer to Figure 2Below this, the IBSS operates as a BSS in a self-organizing mode. Since the IBSS does not include access points (APs), there is no centralized management entity performing management functions at the center. That is, in the IBSS, STAs 250-1, 250-2, 250-3, 255-4, and 255-5 are managed in a distributed manner. In the IBSS, all STAs 250-1, 250-2, 250-3, 255-4, and 255-5 can be composed of mobile STAs, and access to DS to form a self-contained network is not permitted.

[0076] Figure 3 The diagram illustrates the typical link establishment process.

[0077] In S310, the STA can perform network discovery operations. Network discovery operations can include scanning operations by the STA. That is, in order to access a network, the STA needs to discover participating networks. The process of identifying compatible networks before joining a wireless network and identifying networks existing in a specific area is called scanning. Scanning methods include active scanning and passive scanning.

[0078] Figure 3 The diagram illustrates the network discovery process in an active scan. In an active scan, the STA performing the scan sends a probe request frame and waits for a response to it, in order to identify which APs are nearby while moving to a new channel. The responder sends a probe response frame to the STA that sent the probe request frame as a response. Here, the responder could be the STA in the BSS (Band of Service) of the channel being scanned that sent the last beacon frame. In the BSS, the AP is the responder because it sends the beacon frame. In the IBSS (Independent Broadband Switch), the responder is not fixed because the STAs in the IBSS take turns sending beacon frames. For example, when an STA sends a probe request frame via channel 1 and receives a probe response frame via channel 1, the STA can store the BSS-related information included in the received probe response frame, move to the next channel (e.g., channel 2), and perform a scan in the same way (e.g., sending a probe request and receiving a probe response via channel 2).

[0079] although Figure 3As not shown, scanning can be performed using a passive scanning method. In passive scanning, the STA performing the scan can wait for beacon frames while moving to a channel. Beacon frames are one of the management frames in IEEE 802.11 and are periodically sent to indicate the presence of a wireless network and enable the STA performing the scan to find and join the wireless network. In a BSS, the AP periodically sends beacon frames. In an IBSS, STAs in the IBSS take turns sending beacon frames. Upon receiving a beacon frame, the STA performing the scan stores information about the BSS included in the beacon frame and records the beacon frame information for each channel, while moving to another channel. The STA receiving the beacon frame can store the BSS-related information included in the received beacon frame, can move to the next channel, and can perform a scan on the next channel using the same method.

[0080] After network discovery, the STA can perform authentication processing in S320. This authentication processing can be referred to as the first authentication processing to clearly distinguish it from the subsequent security establishment operation in S340. The authentication processing in S320 may include the STA sending an authentication request frame to the AP and the AP sending an authentication response frame to the STA in response. The authentication frame used for the authentication request / response is a management frame.

[0081] An authentication frame may include information about the authentication algorithm number, authentication transaction sequence number, status code, challenge text, robust security network (RSN), and finite cyclic group.

[0082] The STA can send an authentication request frame to the AP. The AP can determine whether to allow the STA's authentication based on the information included in the received authentication request frame. The AP can then provide the authentication processing result to the STA via an authentication response frame.

[0083] When a STA is successfully authenticated, it can perform association processing in S330. Association processing includes the STA sending an association request frame to the AP, and the AP responding by sending an association response frame to the STA. For example, the association request frame may include information about various capabilities, beacon listening interval, service set identifier (SSID), supported rates, supported channels, RSN, mobile domain, supported operation classes, service indication map (TIM) broadcast request, and interoperability service capabilities. Similarly, the association response frame may include information about various capabilities, status codes, association ID (AID), supported rates, enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) parameter set, received channel power indicator (RCPI), received signal-to-noise ratio indicator (RSNI), mobile domain, timeout interval (association recovery time), overlapping BSS scan parameters, TIM broadcast response, and QoS map.

[0084] In the S340, the STA can perform security establishment processes. The security establishment processes in the S340 may include the process of establishing a private key via a four-way handshake (e.g., via Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAPOL) frames over the LAN).

[0085] Figure 4 This diagram illustrates an example of a PPDU used in IEEE standards.

[0086] As shown, various types of PHY Protocol Data Units (PPDUs) are used in the IEEE a / g / n / ac standards. Specifically, LTF and STF include training signals, SIG-A and SIG-B include control information for receiving STAs, and the data field includes user data corresponding to the PSDU (MAC PDU / aggregated MAC PDU).

[0087] Figure 4 It also includes examples of HE PPDUs according to IEEE 802.11ax. According to Figure 4 The HE PPDU is an exemplary PPDU for multiple users. HE-SIG-B may be included only in PPDUs for multiple users, and HE-SIG-B may be omitted in PPDUs for single users.

[0088] like Figure 4 As illustrated, an HE-PPDU for multiple users (MUs) may include a conventional short training field (L-STF), a conventional long training field (L-LTF), a conventional signal (L-SIG), a high-efficiency signal A (HE-SIG A), a high-efficiency signal B (HE-SIG B), a high-efficiency short training field (HE-STF), a high-efficiency long training field (HE-LTF), a data field (or alternatively, a MAC payload), and a packet extension (PE) field. Each field can be transmitted within the indicated time period (i.e., 4 or 8 μs).

[0089] The following describes the Resource Unit (RU) used for the PPDU. An RU may include multiple subcarriers (or tones). An RU can be used to transmit signals to multiple STAs according to OFDMA. Alternatively, an RU can also be defined as transmitting signals to a single STA. An RU can be used for STF, LTF, data fields, etc.

[0090] Figure 5 The diagram illustrates the layout of resource units (RUs) used in a 20MHz frequency band.

[0091] like Figure 5As illustrated, resource units (RUs) corresponding to different numbers of tones (i.e., subcarriers) can be used to form some fields of an HE-PPDU. For example, resources can be allocated in the illustrated RUs for HE-STF, HE-LTF, and data fields.

[0092] like Figure 5 The topmost diagram shows a configuration that can accommodate 26 units (i.e., units corresponding to 26 tones). Six tones can be used for the leftmost guard band of the 20MHz band, and five tones can be used for the rightmost guard band of the 20MHz band. Additionally, seven DC tones can be inserted in the center band (i.e., the DC band), and 26 units corresponding to 13 tones on each of the left and right sides of the DC band can be arranged. Units of 26, 52, and 106 can be allocated to other bands. Individual units can be assigned to receiving STAs (i.e., users).

[0093] Figure 5 The RU layout in the configuration can be used not only for multiple users (MU) but also for a single user (SU), in which case a 242 unit can be used and three DC tones can be inserted, such as... Figure 5 As shown at the bottom.

[0094] although Figure 5 Various sizes of RUs have been proposed, namely 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, and 242-RU, but RUs of a specific size can be expanded or increased. Therefore, this embodiment is not limited to individual RUs of a specific size (i.e., the number of corresponding tones).

[0095] Figure 6 The diagram illustrates the layout of the RU used in the 40MHz frequency band.

[0096] Similar to using RUs of various sizes Figure 5 ,exist Figure 6 Examples can use 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, 242-RU, 484-RU, etc. Additionally, five DC tones can be inserted into the center frequency; 12 tones can be used for the leftmost guard band of the 40MHz band; and 11 tones can be used for the rightmost guard band of the 40MHz band.

[0097] like Figure 6 As shown, a 484-RU can be used when the RU layout is for a single user. The specific number of RUs can be similar to... Figure 5 Change.

[0098] Figure 7 The diagram illustrates the layout of the RU used in the 80MHz frequency band.

[0099] Similar to using RUs of various sizes Figure 5 and Figure 6 ,exist Figure 7 Examples can use 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, 242-RU, 484-RU, 996-RU, etc. Furthermore, seven DC tones can be inserted into the center frequency; 12 tones can be used for the leftmost guard band of the 80MHz band, and 11 tones can be used for the rightmost guard band of the 80MHz band. Additionally, 26-RUs corresponding to 13 tones on each of the left and right sides of the DC band can be used.

[0100] like Figure 7 As shown, when the RU layout is used for a single user, a 996-RU can be used, in which case five DC tones can be inserted.

[0101] The RUs described in this specification can be used in both uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) communications. For example, when performing UL-MU communication requested via a trigger frame, the transmitting STA (e.g., AP) can assign a first RU (e.g., 26 / 52 / 106 / 242-RU, etc.) to a first STA via the trigger frame, and can assign a second RU (e.g., 26 / 52 / 106 / 242-RU, etc.) to a second STA. Thereafter, the first STA can send a first trigger-based PPDU based on the first RU, and the second STA can send a second trigger-based PPDU based on the second RU. The first / second trigger-based PPDUs are sent to the AP in the same (or overlapping) time periods.

[0102] For example, when configuring a DL MU PPDU, a transmitting STA (e.g., an AP) can assign a first RU (e.g., 26 / 52 / 106 / 242-RU, etc.) to a first STA and a second RU (e.g., 26 / 52 / 106 / 242-RU, etc.) to a second STA. That is, a transmitting STA (e.g., an AP) can transmit HE-STF, HE-LTF, and data fields for a first STA through the first RU in a MU PPDU, and can transmit HE-STF, HE-LTF, and data fields for a second STA through the second RU.

[0103] Information related to the layout of the RU can be communicated via HE-SIG-B using signals.

[0104] Figure 8 The diagram illustrates the structure of the HE-SIG-B field.

[0105] As shown, the HE-SIG-B field 810 includes a common field 820 and a user-specific field 830. The common field 820 may include information that is commonly applied to all users receiving the SIG-B (i.e., users STA). The user-specific field 830 may be referred to as a user-specific control field. When the SIG-B is transmitted to multiple users, the user-specific field 830 may be applied to only one of the multiple users.

[0106] like Figure 8 As shown, public field 820 and user-specific field 830 can be encoded separately.

[0107] The public field 820 can include N*8 bits of RU allocation information. For example, the RU allocation information can include information related to the location of the RU. For instance, when... Figure 5 When using a 20MHz channel, the RU allocation information may include information related to a specific frequency band where a particular RU (26-RU / 52-RU / 106-RU) is deployed.

[0108] The following is an example of a RU allocation information consisting of 8 bits.

[0109] [Table 1]

[0110]

[0111] like Figure 5 As shown in the example, up to nine 26-RUs can be allocated to a 20MHz channel. When the RU allocation information in common field 820 as shown in Table 1 is set to "00000000", nine 26-RUs can be allocated to the corresponding channel (i.e., 20MHz). Alternatively, when the RU allocation information in common field 820 as shown in Table 1 is set to "00000001", seven 26-RUs and one 52-RU are arranged in the corresponding channel. That is, in Figure 5 In the example, 52-RUs can be assigned to the far right, and seven 26-RUs can be assigned to its left.

[0112] The examples in Table 1 only show some RU locations that can display RU allocation information.

[0113] For example, RU allocation information can include examples from Table 2 below.

[0114] [Table 2]

[0115]

[0116] "01000y2y1y0" refers to an example of allocating 106-RUs to the leftmost side of a 20MHz channel and five 26-RUs to its right. In this case, multiple STAs (e.g., user STAs) can be allocated to the 106-RUs based on a MU-MIMO scheme. Specifically, up to eight STAs (e.g., user STAs) can be allocated to the 106-RUs, and the number of STAs (e.g., user STAs) allocated to the 106-RUs is determined based on the 3-bit information (y2y1y0). For example, when the 3-bit information (y2y1y0) is set to N, the number of STAs (e.g., user STAs) allocated to the 106-RUs based on the MU-MIMO scheme can be N+1.

[0117] Typically, multiple STAs (e.g., user STAs) that are different from each other can be assigned to multiple RUs. However, multiple STAs (e.g., user STAs) can be assigned to one or more RUs with at least a certain size (e.g., 106 subcarriers) based on a MU-MIMO scheme.

[0118] like Figure 8 As shown, the user-specific field 830 may include multiple user fields. As described above, the number of STAs (e.g., user STAs) allocated to a specific channel can be determined based on the RU allocation information in the common field 820. For example, when the RU allocation information in the common field 820 is "00000000", one user STA can be allocated to each of nine 26-RUs (e.g., nine user STAs can be allocated). That is, up to nine user STAs can be allocated to a specific channel using an OFDMA scheme. In other words, up to nine user STAs can be allocated to a specific channel using a non-MU-MIMO scheme.

[0119] For example, when the RU allocation is set to "01000y2y1y0", multiple STAs can be assigned to the 106-RU located on the far left using a MU-MIMO scheme, and five user STAs can be assigned to the five 26-RUs located to its right using a non-MU-MIMO scheme. This can be achieved through... Figure 9 Let's illustrate with an example.

[0120] Figure 9 The illustration shows an example of assigning multiple user STAs to the same RU using a MU-MIMO scheme.

[0121] For example, when Figure 9When the RU allocation shown is set to "01000010", a 106-RU can be assigned to the leftmost side of a specific channel, and five 26-RUs can be assigned to its right. Additionally, three user STAs can be assigned to the 106-RU using a MU-MIMO scheme. As a result, due to the allocation of eight user STAs, the user-specific field 830 of the HE-SIG-B can include eight user fields.

[0122] Eight user fields can be clicked Figure 9 The order shown is used to represent this. Additionally, as... Figure 8 As shown, two user fields can be implemented using a single user block field.

[0123] Figure 8 and Figure 9 The user fields shown can be configured based on two formats. Specifically, user fields related to MU-MIMO schemes can be configured using the first format, and user fields related to non-MIMO schemes can be configured using the second format. (See reference) Figure 9 For example, user fields 1 through 3 may be based on a first format, and user fields 4 through 8 may be based on a second format. The first or second format may include bit information of the same length (e.g., 21 bits).

[0124] Each user field can have the same size (e.g., 21 bits). For example, the user fields in the first format (first MU-MIMO scheme) can be configured as follows.

[0125] For example, the first bit (B0-B10) of the user field (i.e., 21 bits) may include identification information of the user STA assigned to the corresponding user field (e.g., STA-ID, partial AID, etc.). In addition, the second bit (B11-B14) of the user field (i.e., 21 bits) may include information related to space configuration.

[0126] Additionally, the third bit (i.e., B15-18) in the user field (i.e., 21 bits) may include modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information. MCS information can be applied to the data field of the PPDU, including the corresponding SIG-B.

[0127] The MCS, MCS information, MCS index, MCS field, etc., used in this specification may be indicated by index values. For example, MCS information may be indicated by indices 0 to 11. MCS information may include information related to constellation modulation type (e.g., BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256-QAM, 1024-QAM, etc.) and information related to coding rate (e.g., 1 / 2, 2 / 3, 3 / 4, 5 / 6e, etc.). Information related to channel coding type (e.g., LCC or LDPC) may not be included in the MCS information.

[0128] Additionally, the fourth bit (B19) in the user field (i.e., 21 bits) can be a reserved field.

[0129] Additionally, the fifth bit (B20) in the user field (i.e., 21 bits) may include information related to the compilation type (e.g., BCC or LDPC). Specifically, the fifth bit (B20) may include information related to the channel compilation type (e.g., BCC or LDPC) applied to the data field in the PPDU that includes the corresponding SIG-B.

[0130] The above example pertains to user fields in the first format (the format for MU-MIMO schemes). An example of user fields in the second format (the format for non-MU-MIMO schemes) is shown below.

[0131] The first bit (e.g., B0-B10) of the user field in the second format may include identification information for the user STA. Additionally, the second bit (e.g., B11-B13) of the user field in the second format may include information related to the number of spatial streams applied to the corresponding RU. Furthermore, the third bit (e.g., B14) of the user field in the second format may include information related to whether a beamforming steering matrix is ​​applied. The fourth bit (e.g., B15-B18) of the user field in the second format may include modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information. Furthermore, the fifth bit (e.g., B19) of the user field in the second format may include information related to whether dual-carrier modulation (DCM) is applied. Finally, the sixth bit (i.e., B20) of the user field in the second format may include information related to the compilation type (e.g., BCC or LDPC).

[0132] The following describes the PPDUs sent / received in the STA of this specification.

[0133] Figure 10 An example of a PPDU used in this specification is shown.

[0134] Figure 10The PPDU can be referred to using various terms such as EHT PPDU, TX PPDU, RX PPDU, Type 1 or Type N PPDU, etc. For example, in this specification, PPDU or EHT PPDU can be referred to using various terms such as TX PPDU, RX PPDU, Type 1 or Type N PPDU, etc. Furthermore, EHT PPDUs can be used in EHT systems and / or new WLAN systems enhanced from EHT systems.

[0135] Figure 10 The PPDU can indicate all or part of the PPDU types used in the EHT system. For example, Figure 10 The example can be used for both single-user (SU) and multi-user (MU) modes. In other words, Figure 10 The PPDU can be used for one or more receiving STAs. When Figure 10 When using trigger-based (TB) mode, the PPDU can be omitted. Figure 10 The EHT-SIG. In other words, a STA that has received a trigger frame for the uplink MU (UL-MU) can send a signal in... Figure 10 The PPDU for EHT-SIG is omitted in the example.

[0136] exist Figure 10 In this context, L-STF to EHT-LTF can be referred to as a preamble or physical preamble, and can be generated / sent / received / acquired / decoded at the physical layer.

[0137] Can Figure 10 The subcarrier spacing of the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG fields is determined to be 312.5 kHz, and the subcarrier spacing of the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and data fields can be determined to be 78.125 kHz. In other words, the tone index (or subcarrier index) of the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG fields can be expressed in units of 312.5 kHz, and the tone index (or subcarrier index) of the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and data fields can be expressed in units of 78.125 kHz.

[0138] exist Figure 10 In the PPDU, L-LTF and L-STF can be the same as those in the regular fields.

[0139] Figure 10The L-SIG field can include, for example, 24 bits of bit information. For instance, the 24 bits could include a 4-bit rate field, a 1-bit reserved bit, a 12-bit length field, a 1-bit parity bit, and a 6-bit tail bit. For example, the 12-bit length field could include information related to the length or duration of the PPDU. For example, the 12-bit length field can be determined based on the type of PPDU. For example, when the PPDU is a non-HT, HT, VHT, or EHT PPDU, the value of the length field can be determined to be a multiple of 3. For example, when the PPDU is an HE PPDU, the length field can be determined to be a multiple of 3 + 1 or a multiple of 3 + 2. In other words, for non-HT, HT, VHT, or EHT PPDUs, the value of the length field can be determined to be a multiple of 3, and for HE PPDUs, the value of the length field can be determined to be a multiple of 3 + 1 or a multiple of 3 + 2.

[0140] For example, the transmitting STA can apply BCC coding based on a 1 / 2 coding rate to the 24 bits of information in the L-SIG field. The transmitting STA then obtains 48 bits of BCC compiled bits. BPSK modulation can be applied to these 48 compiled bits to generate 48 BPSK symbols. The transmitting STA can map these 48 BPSK symbols to positions other than the pilot subcarriers {subcarrier indices -21, -7, +7, +21} and the DC subcarrier {subcarrier index 0}. As a result, the 48 BPSK symbols can be mapped to subcarrier indices -26 to -22, -20 to -8, -6 to -1, +1 to +6, +8 to +20, and +22 to +26. The transmitting STA can additionally map the signal {-1, -1, -1, 1} to subcarrier indices {-28, -27, +27, +28}. These signals can then be used for channel estimation in the frequency domain corresponding to {-28, -27, +27, +28}.

[0141] The transmitting STA can generate an RL-SIG in the same way as the L-SIG. BPSK modulation can be applied to the RL-SIG. Based on the presence of the RL-SIG, the receiving STA can determine whether the RX PPDU is an HE PPDU or an EHT PPDU.

[0142] The universal SIG (U-SIG) can be inserted in Figure 10 Following RL-SIG, U-SIG can be referred to by various terms such as First SIG Field, First SIG, First Type SIG, Control Signal, Control Signal Field, First (Type) Control Signal, etc.

[0143] U-SIG can include N bits of information and may include information to identify the type of EHT PPDU. For example, U-SIG can be configured based on two symbols (e.g., two consecutive OFDM symbols). Each symbol used for U-SIG (e.g., an OFDM symbol) can have a duration of 4 μs. Each symbol of U-SIG can be used to transmit 26 bits of information. For example, each symbol of U-SIG can be transmitted / received based on 52 data tones and 4 pilot tones.

[0144] A bit information (e.g., 52 uncompiled bits) can be transmitted via U-SIG (or the U-SIG field), for example. The first symbol of U-SIG can transmit the first X bits of the A bit information (e.g., 26 uncompiled bits), and the second symbol of U-SIG can transmit the remaining Y bits of the A bit information (e.g., 26 uncompiled bits). For example, the transmitting STA can obtain the 26 uncompiled bits included in each U-SIG symbol. The transmitting STA can perform convolutional coding (i.e., BCC coding) at a rate of R = 1 / 2 to generate 52 compiled bits, and can perform interleaving on the 52 compiled bits. The transmitting STA can perform BPSK modulation on the interleaved 52 compiled bits to generate 52 BPSK symbols to be assigned to each U-SIG symbol. A U-SIG symbol can be transmitted based on 65 tones (subcarriers) from subcarrier index -28 to subcarrier index +28, except for DC index 0. The 52 BPSK symbols generated by the transmitting STA can be transmitted based on the remaining tones (subcarriers) other than the pilot tone, namely tones -21, -7, +7, and +21.

[0145] For example, the A-bit information generated by U-SIG (e.g., 52 uncompiled bits) may include a CRC field (e.g., a 4-bit field) and a tail field (e.g., a 6-bit field). The CRC and tail fields can be sent via a second symbol of U-SIG. The CRC field can be generated based on the 26 bits allocated to the first symbol of U-SIG and the remaining 16 bits from the second symbol excluding the CRC / tail field, and can be generated based on a standard CRC calculation algorithm. Additionally, the tail field can be used to terminate the trellis of the convolutional decoder and can be set to, for example, "000000".

[0146] The A-bit information (e.g., 52 uncompiled bits) sent by U-SIG (or the U-SIG field) can be divided into version-independent bits and version-dependent bits. For example, version-independent bits can have a fixed or variable size. For example, version-independent bits can be assigned only to the first symbol of U-SIG, or version-independent bits can be assigned to both the first and second symbols of U-SIG. For example, version-independent bits and version-dependent bits can be referred to using various terms such as first control bit, second control bit, etc.

[0147] For example, the version-independent bits of the U-SIG may include a 3-bit PHY version identifier. This 3-bit PHY version identifier may include information related to the PHY version of the TX / RX PPDU. For example, the first value of the 3-bit PHY version identifier may indicate that the TX / RX PPDU is an EHT PPDU. In other words, when the transmitting STA transmits an EHT PPDU, it can set the 3-bit PHY version identifier to the first value. In other words, the receiving STA can determine that the RX PPDU is an EHT PPDU based on the first value of the PHY version identifier.

[0148] For example, the version-independent bits of U-SIG may include a 1-bit UL / DL flag field. The first value of the 1-bit UL / DL flag field is related to UL communication, and the second value of the UL / DL flag field is related to DL communication.

[0149] For example, the version-independent bits of U-SIG can include information related to the TXOP length and information related to the BSS color ID.

[0150] For example, when EHT PPDUs are classified into various types (e.g., various types such as EHT PPDUs associated with SU mode, EHT PPDUs associated with MU mode, EHT PPDUs associated with TB mode, EHT PPDUs associated with extended range transmission, etc.), information related to the type of EHT PPDU can be included in the version-related bits of the U-SIG.

[0151] For example, U-SIG may include: 1) a bandwidth field including information related to bandwidth; 2) a field including information related to the MCS scheme applied to EHT-SIG; 3) an indication field including information related to whether a dual subcarrier modulation (DCM) scheme is applied to EHT-SIG; 4) a field including information related to the number of symbols used for EHT-SIG; 5) a field including information related to whether EHT-SIG is generated across the entire frequency band; 6) a field including information related to the type of EHT-LTF / STF; and 7) information related to fields indicating the length of EHT-LTF and the length of CP.

[0152] Can be Figure 10 The PPDU uses a pre-lead puncturing technique. A pre-lead puncturing technique means that a puncturing technique is applied to a portion of the full frequency band (e.g., the secondary 20MHz band). For example, when transmitting an 80MHz PPDU, the STA can apply a puncturing technique to the secondary 20MHz band within the 80MHz band, and can transmit the PPDU only through the primary 20MHz band and the secondary 40MHz band.

[0153] For example, the pattern of the preamble perforation can be pre-configured. For example, when applying the first perforation pattern, perforation can be applied only to the secondary 20MHz band within the 80MHz band. For example, when applying the second perforation pattern, perforation can be applied only to any one of the two secondary 20MHz bands within the secondary 40MHz band included in the 80MHz band. For example, when applying the third perforation pattern, perforation can be applied only to the secondary 20MHz band within the primary 80MHz band included in the 160MHz band (or 80+80MHz band). For example, when applying the fourth perforation pattern, perforation can be applied to at least one 20MHz channel that does not belong to the primary 40MHz band, provided that the primary 40MHz band within the 80MHz band included in the 160MHz band (or 80+80MHz band) is present.

[0154] Information related to the prelead puncture applied to the PPDU can be included in the U-SIG and / or EHT-SIG. For example, the first field of the U-SIG may include information related to continuous bandwidth, and the second field of the U-SIG may include information related to the prelead puncture applied to the PPDU.

[0155] For example, based on the following method, U-SIG and EHT-SIG can include information related to prelead punctures. When the bandwidth of the PPDU exceeds 80MHz, U-SIG can be configured individually in 80MHz units. For example, when the bandwidth of the PPDU is 160MHz, the PPDU can include a first U-SIG for a first 80MHz band and a second U-SIG for a second 80MHz band. In this case, the first field of the first U-SIG can include information related to the 160MHz bandwidth, and the second field of the first U-SIG can include information related to prelead punctures applied to the first 80MHz band (i.e., information related to the prelead puncture pattern). Additionally, the first field of the second U-SIG can include information related to the 160MHz bandwidth, and the second field of the second U-SIG can include information related to prelead punctures applied to the second 80MHz band (i.e., information related to the prelead puncture pattern). Meanwhile, the EHT-SIG consecutive with the first U-SIG may include information related to the prelead via applied to the second 80MHz band (i.e., information related to the prelead via pattern), and the EHT-SIG consecutive with the second U-SIG may include information related to the prelead via applied to the first 80MHz band (i.e., information related to the prelead via pattern).

[0156] Additionally or alternatively, U-SIG and EHT-SIG may include information related to the preamble puncture, based on the following method: U-SIG may include information related to the preamble puncture for all frequency bands (i.e., information related to the preamble puncture pattern). That is, EHT-SIG may not include information related to the preamble puncture, while only U-SIG may include information related to the preamble puncture (i.e., information related to the preamble puncture pattern).

[0157] U-SIGs can be configured in 20MHz units. For example, when an 80MHz PPDU is configured, U-SIGs can be duplicated. That is, four identical U-SIGs can be included in an 80MHz PPDU. PPDUs with bandwidths exceeding 80MHz can include different U-SIGs.

[0158] Figure 10 The EHT-SIG can include control information for receiving STAs. The EHT-SIG can be transmitted using at least one symbol, and a symbol can have a length of 4 μs. Information related to the number of symbols used for the EHT-SIG can be included in the U-SIG.

[0159] EHT-SIG may include references Figure 8 and Figure 9The technical features of HE-SIG-B are described. For example, EHT-SIG may include features such as those described in... Figure 8 The example shows public fields and user-specific fields. Public fields in EHT-SIG can be omitted, and the number of user-specific fields can be determined based on the number of users.

[0160] As in Figure 8 In the example, the public fields and user-specific fields of EHT-SIG can be encoded separately. A user block field included in the user-specific fields can include information for two users, but the last user block field included in the user-specific fields can include information for only one user. That is, a user block field of EHT-SIG can include up to two user fields. For example, in... Figure 9 In the example, each user field can be associated with either a MU-MIMO allocation or a non-MU-MIMO allocation.

[0161] As in Figure 8 In the example, the common fields of EHT-SIG can include CRC bits and tail bits. The length of the CRC bits can be determined to be 4 bits. The length of the tail bits can be determined to be 6 bits and can be set to "000000".

[0162] As in Figure 8 In the example, the common fields of EHT-SIG may include RU allocation information. RU allocation information can refer to information related to the location of RUs to which multiple users (i.e., multiple receiving STAs) are assigned. RU allocation information can be configured in 8-bit (or N-bit) units, as shown in Table 1.

[0163] Modes that omit the common field of EHT-SIG are supported. Modes that omit the common field of EHT-SIG can be referred to as compressed modes. When using compressed mode, multiple users (i.e., multiple receiving STAs) can decode PPDUs (e.g., the data field of the PPDU) based on non-OFDMA. That is, multiple users of an EHT PPDU can decode PPDUs (e.g., the data field of the PPDU) received via the same frequency band. Furthermore, when using uncompressed mode, multiple users of an EHT PPDU can decode PPDUs (e.g., the data field of the PPDU) based on OFDMA. That is, multiple users of an EHT PPDU can receive PPDUs (e.g., the data field of the PPDU) via different frequency bands.

[0164] EHT-SIG can be configured based on various MCS schemes. As mentioned above, information related to the MCS scheme applied to EHT-SIG can be included in U-SIG. EHT-SIG can also be configured based on DCM schemes. For example, among the N data tones (e.g., 52 data tones) allocated to EHT-SIG, a first modulation scheme can be applied to consecutive half-tones, and a second modulation scheme can be applied to consecutive remaining half-tones. That is, the transmitting STA can use the first modulation scheme to modulate specific control information into a first symbol and assign it to consecutive half-tones, and can use the second modulation scheme to modulate the same control information into a second symbol and assign it to consecutive remaining half-tones. As mentioned above, information regarding whether a DCM scheme is applied to EHT-SIG (e.g., a 1-bit field) can be included in U-SIG. Figure 10 HE-STF can be used to improve automatic gain control estimation in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) or OFDMA environments. Figure 10 EHT-LTF can be used to estimate channels in MIMO or OFDMA environments.

[0165] Figure 10 The EHT-STF can be configured into various types. For example, a Type 1 STF (e.g., 1x STF) can be generated based on a Type 1 STF sequence, where non-zero coefficients are arranged at 16 subcarrier intervals. The STF signal generated based on the Type 1 STF sequence can have a period of 0.8 μs, and this 0.8 μs periodic signal can be repeated 5 times to become a Type 1 STF with a length of 4 μs. Similarly, a Type 2 STF (e.g., 2x STF) can be generated based on a Type 2 STF sequence, where non-zero coefficients are arranged at 8 subcarrier intervals. The STF signal generated based on the Type 2 STF sequence can have a period of 1.6 μs, and this 1.6 μs periodic signal can be repeated 5 times to become a Type 2 STF with a length of 8 μs. An example of a sequence (i.e., an EHT-STF sequence) for configuring an EHT-STF is given below. The following sequence can be modified in various ways.

[0166] EHT-STF can be configured based on the following sequence M.

[0167] Equation 1

[0168] M={–1,–1,–1,1,1,1,–1,1,1,1,–1,1,1,–1,1}

[0169] The EHT-STF for a 20MHz PPDU can be configured based on the following equation. The following example can be a Type I (i.e., 1xSTF) sequence. For example, a Type I sequence may not be included in the trigger-based (TB) PPDU, but rather in the EHT-PPDU. In the equation below, (a:b:c) can refer to the duration of b tone intervals (i.e., subcarrier intervals) defined from tone index (i.e., subcarrier index) "a" to tone index "c". For example, Equation 2 below can represent a sequence of 16 tone intervals defined from tone index -112 to tone index 112. Because a subcarrier interval of 78.125kHz is applied to the EHT-STR, 16 tone intervals can mean that the EHT-STF coefficients (or elements) are arranged at intervals of 78.125*16 = 1250kHz. Additionally, * indicates multiplication, sqrt() indicates square root, and j indicates an imaginary number.

[0170] Equation 2

[0171] EHT-STF(-112:16:112)={M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0172] EHT-STF(0)=0

[0173] The EHT-STF for a 40MHz PPDU can be configured based on the following equation. The following example can be a first-type (i.e., 1xSTF) sequence.

[0174] Equation 3

[0175] EHT-STF(-240:16:240)={M,0,-M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0176] The EHT-STF for an 80MHz PPDU can be configured based on the following equation. The following example can be a first-type (i.e., 1xSTF) sequence.

[0177] Equation 4

[0178] EHT-STF(-496:16:496)={M,1,–M,0,–M,1,–M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0179] The EHT-STF for a 160MHz PPDU can be configured based on the following equation. The following example can be a first-type (i.e., 1x STF) sequence.

[0180] Equation 5

[0181] EHT-STF(-1008:16:1008)={M,1,–M,0,–M,1,–M,0,–M,–1,M,0,–M,1,–M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0182] In an EHT-STF with an 80+80MHz PPDU, the lower 80MHz sequence can be the same as in Equation 4. In an EHT-STF with an 80+80MHz PPDU, the higher 80MHz sequence can be configured based on the following equation.

[0183] Equation 6

[0184] EHT-STF(-496:16:496)={-M,-1,M,0,–M,1,–M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0185] Equations 7 through 11 below provide examples of the second type (i.e., 2x STF) sequence.

[0186] Equation 7

[0187] EHT-STF(-120:8:120)={M,0,-M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0188] The EHT-STF for a 40MHz PPDU can be configured based on the following equation.

[0189] Equation 8

[0190] EHT-STF(-248:8:248)={M,–1,–M,0,M,–1,M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0191] EHT-STF(-248)=0

[0192] EHT-STF(248)=0

[0193] The EHT-STF for an 80MHz PPDU can be configured based on the following equation.

[0194] Equation 9

[0195] EHT-STF(-504:8:504)={M,–1,M,–1,–M,–1,M,0,–M,1,M,1,–M,1,–M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0196] The EHT-STF for a 160MHz PPDU can be configured based on the following equation.

[0197] Equation 10

[0198] EHT-STF(-1016:16:1016)={M,–1,M,–1,–M,–1,M,0,–M,1,M,1,–M,1,–M,0,–M,1,–M,1,M,1,–M,0,–M,1,M,1,–M,1,–M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0199] EHT-STF(-8)=0,EHT-STF(8)=0

[0200] EHT-STF(-1016)=0,EHT-STF(1016)=0

[0201] In an EHT-STF with an 80+80MHz PPDU, the lower 80MHz sequence can be the same as in Equation 9. In an EHT-STF with an 80+80MHz PPDU, the higher 80MHz sequence can be configured based on the following equation.

[0202] Equation 11

[0203] EHT-STF(-504:8:504)={–M,1,–M,1,M,1,–M,0,–M,1,M,1,–M,1,–M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0204] EHT-STF(-504)=0,

[0205] EHT-STF(504)=0

[0206] EHT-LTFs can have first, second, and third types (i.e., 1x, 2x, and 4x LTFs). For example, first / second / third type LTFs can be generated based on LTF sequences, where non-zero coefficients are arranged with a 4 / 2 / 1 subcarrier spacing. First / second / third type LTFs can have time lengths of 3.2 / 6.4 / 12.8 μs. Alternatively, GIs of different lengths (e.g., 0.8 / 1 / 6 / 3.2 μs) can be applied to first / second / third type LTFs.

[0207] Information related to the type of STF and / or LTF (including information related to the GI applied to LTF) can be included in Figure 10 In the SIG-A field and / or SIG-B field, etc.

[0208] Based on Figure 5 and Figure 6 Example to configure Figure 10 PPDU (e.g., EHT-PPDU).

[0209] For example, it can be based on Figure 5The RU is used to configure EHT PPDUs transmitted in the 20MHz band, i.e., 20MHz EHTPPDUs. In other words, it can be configured as follows: Figure 5 The diagram shows how to determine the location of the RUs in the EHT-STF and EHT-LTF, as well as the data fields included in the EHT PPDU.

[0210] Based on Figure 6 The RU is used to configure EHT PPDUs transmitted in the 40MHz band, i.e., 40MHz EHT PPDUs. In other words, it can be configured as follows: Figure 6 The diagram shows how to determine the location of the RUs in the EHT-STF and EHT-LTF, as well as the data fields included in the EHT PPDU.

[0211] because Figure 6 The RU position corresponds to 40MHz, so when Figure 6 When the pattern repeats twice, the 80MHz tone scheme can be determined. That is, it can be based on the fact that... Figure 7 RU instead Figure 6 The RU repeats the new tone plan twice to transmit the 80MHz EHT PPDU.

[0212] when Figure 6 When the pattern repeats twice, 23 tones can be configured in the DC region (i.e., 11 guard tones + 12 guard tones). In other words, a tone scheme based on an 80MHz EHT PPDU allocated via OFDMA can have 23 DC tones. In contrast, an 80MHz EHT PPDU based on a non-OFDMA allocated PPDU (i.e., a non-OFDMA full-bandwidth 80MHz PPDU) can be configured based on a 996-RU and can include 5 DC tones, 12 left guard tones, and 11 right guard tones.

[0213] The 160 / 240 / 320MHz tone scheme can be configured to enable Figure 6 The pattern is repeated several times.

[0214] The following methods can be used to... Figure 10 The PPDU was identified (or determined) as an EHT PPDU.

[0215] The receiving STA can determine the type of an RX PPDU as an EHT PPDU based on the following: for example, 1) when the first symbol after the L-LTF signal of the RX PPDU is a BPSK symbol; 2) when a repeated RL-SIG is detected in the L-SIG of the RX PPDU; and 3) when the result of applying "modulo 3" to the length field of the L-SIG of the RX PPDU is detected as "0". When an RX PPDU is determined to be an EHT PPDU, the receiving STA can determine its type based on the following: Figure 10 The type of EHT PPDU (e.g., SU / MU / triggered / extended range type) is detected by the bit information in the symbol following RL-SIG. In other words, the receiving STA can identify the RX PPDU as an EHT PPDU based on: 1) the first symbol following the L-LTF signal as a BPSK symbol; 2) RL-SIG being adjacent to and identical to the L-SIG field; 3) the L-SIG including a length field whose result of applying "modulo 3" is set to "0"; and 4) the 3-bit PHY version identifier of the aforementioned U-SIG (e.g., a PHY version identifier with a first value).

[0216] For example, the receiving STA can determine the type of RX PPDU as EHT PPDU based on the following: 1) when the first symbol after the L-LTF signal is a BPSK symbol; 2) when an RL-SIG repeating L-SIG is detected; and 3) when the result of applying "mod 3" to the length field of L-SIG is detected as "1" or "2", the RX PPDU can be determined as HEPPDU.

[0217] For example, the receiving STA can determine the type of an RX PPDU as a non-HT, HT, or VHT PPDU based on the following: 1) when the first symbol following the L-LTF signal is a BPSK symbol; and 2) when no L-SIG repetition is detected in the RL-SIG, the RX PPDU can be determined as a non-HT, HT, or VHT PPDU. Additionally, even if the receiving STA detects RL-SIG repetition, the RX PPDU can be determined as a non-HT, HT, or VHT PPDU if the result of applying "modulo 3" to the length value of the L-SIG is detected as "0".

[0218] In the following examples, signals represented as (TX / RX / UL / DL) signals, (TX / RX / UL / DL) frames, (TX / RX / UL / DL) packets, (TX / RX / UL / DL) data units, (TX / RX / UL / DL) data, etc., can be based on... Figure 10The signals transmitted / received by the PPDU. Figure 10 PPDUs can be used to send / receive various types of frames. For example, Figure 10 PPDUs can be used in control frames. Examples of control frames can include Request to Send (RTS), Clear to Send (CTS), Power Saving Poll (PS-poll), BlockACKReq, BlockAck, Null Data Packet (NDP) announcement, and trigger frames. For example, Figure 10 PPDUs can be used for management frames. Examples of management frames can include beacon frames, (re)association request frames, (re)association response frames, probe request frames, and probe response frames. For example, Figure 10 PPDUs can be used in data frames. For example, Figure 10 A PPDU can be used to simultaneously transmit at least two or more of control frames, management frames, and data frames.

[0219] Figure 11 The illustration shows an example of a modified transmitting and / or receiving device according to this specification.

[0220] Figure 1 Each device / STA in subgraphs (a) / (b) can be modified as follows Figure 11 As shown. Figure 11 The transceiver 630 can be used with Figure 1 The transceivers 113 and 123 are the same. Figure 11 The transceiver 630 may include a receiver and a transmitter.

[0221] Figure 11 The processor 610 can be with Figure 1 The processors 111 and 121 are the same. Alternatively, Figure 11 The processor 610 can be with Figure 1 The processing chips 114 and 124 are the same.

[0222] Figure 11 The memory 620 can be with Figure 1 The memories 112 and 122 are the same. Alternatively, Figure 11 The memory 620 can be with Figure 1 The memories 112 and 122 are different separate external memories.

[0223] refer to Figure 11The power management module 611 manages the power supplied to the processor 610 and / or transceiver 630. The battery 612 supplies power to the power management module 611. The display 613 outputs the results processed by the processor 610. The keypad 614 receives input that will be used by the processor 610. The keypad 614 can be displayed on the display 613. The SIM card 615 can be an integrated circuit for securely storing the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) and its associated keys, used for identifying and authenticating users on mobile phone devices (e.g., mobile phones and computers).

[0224] refer to Figure 11 The speaker 640 can output results related to the sound processed by the processor 610. The microphone 641 can receive input related to the sound to be used by the processor 610.

[0225] Tone planning in an 1.802.11ax WLAN system

[0226] In this specification, tone planning refers to rules used to determine the size and / or location of Resource Units (RUs). The tone planning for PPDUs based on the IEEE 802.11ax standard, specifically for HE PPDUs, will be described below. In other words, the RU size and RU location applied to HE PPDUs will be described below, along with the control information associated with the RUs applied to HE PPDUs.

[0227] In this specification, control information related to an RU (or control information related to a tone scheme) may include the size and location of the RU, information about the user STA assigned to a specific RU, the frequency bandwidth of the PPDU including the RU, and / or control information about the modulation scheme applied to a specific RU. RU-related control information may be included in the SIG field. For example, in the IEEE 802.11ax standard, RU-related control information is included in the HE-SIG-B field. That is, during the generation of the TX PPDU, the transmitting STA may allow control information about the RU included in the PPDU to be included in the HE-SIG-B field. Additionally, the receiving STA may receive the HE-SIG-B included in the RX PPDU and obtain the control information included in the HE-SIG-B, enabling it to determine, based on the HE-SIG-B, whether an RU assigned to the receiving STA exists and to decode the assigned RU.

[0228] In the IEEE 802.11ax standard, HE-STF, HE-LTF, and data fields can be configured on a per-RU basis. That is, when a first RU is configured for a first receiving STA, the STF / LTF / data fields for the first receiving STA can be sent / received through the first RU.

[0229] In the IEEE 802.11ax standard, PPDUs for a single receiving STA (i.e., SU PPDUs) and PPDUs for multiple receiving STAs (i.e., MU PPDUs) are defined separately, and their respective tone schemes are defined separately. The specific details are described below.

[0230] A Run-Unit (RU) defined in 11ax can include multiple subcarriers. For example, when an RU includes N subcarriers, it can be expressed as an N-tone RU or N RUs. The location of a specific RU can be expressed using subcarrier indices. Subcarrier indices can be defined in units of subcarrier frequency spacing. In the 11ax standard, the subcarrier frequency spacing is 312.5 kHz or 78.125 kHz, while the subcarrier frequency spacing of an RU is 78.125 kHz. That is, a subcarrier index +1 for an RU might indicate a location 78.125 kHz higher than the DC tone, and a subcarrier index -1 for an RU might indicate a location 78.125 kHz lower than the DC tone. For example, when the location of a specific RU is expressed as [-121:-96], the RU can be located in the region from subcarrier index -121 to subcarrier index -96. As a result, an RU can include 26 subcarriers.

[0231] The N-tone RU can include preset pilot tones.

[0232] 2. Empty subcarriers and pilot subcarriers

[0233] This section will describe subcarrier and resource allocation in the 802.11ax system.

[0234] An OFDM symbol consists of subcarriers, and the number of subcarriers determines the bandwidth of a PPDU. In a WLAN 802.11 system, data subcarriers are defined for data transmission, pilot subcarriers are defined for phase information and parameter tracking, and unused subcarriers are defined for non-data transmission and pilot transmission.

[0235] HE MU PPDUs using OFDMA transmission can be sent by mixing 26-tone RUs, 52-tone RUs, 106-tone RUs, 242-tone RUs, 484-tone RUs, and 996-tone RUs.

[0236] Here, a 26-tone RU consists of 24 data subcarriers and 2 pilot subcarriers. A 52-tone RU consists of 48 data subcarriers and 4 pilot subcarriers. A 106-tone RU consists of 102 data subcarriers and 4 pilot subcarriers. A 242-tone RU consists of 234 data subcarriers and 8 pilot subcarriers. A 484-tone RU consists of 468 data subcarriers and 16 pilot subcarriers. A 996-tone RU consists of 980 data subcarriers and 16 pilot subcarriers.

[0237] 1) Empty subcarrier

[0238] like Figures 5 to 7 As shown, there are empty subcarriers at the locations of the 26-tone RU, 52-tone RU, and 106-tone RU. These empty subcarriers are located near the DC or edge tones to avoid transmission center frequency leakage, receiver DC offset, and interference from adjacent RUs. The energy of the empty subcarriers is zero. The indices of the empty subcarriers are listed below.

[0239]

[0240] The empty subcarrier position for each 80MHz band of the 80+80MHz HE PPDU should follow the position of the 80MHz HE PPDU.

[0241] 2) Pilot subcarrier

[0242] If the pilot subcarrier is present in the HE-LTF field of an HE SU PPDU, HE MU PPDU, HE ER SU PPDU, or HE TB PPDU, the position of the pilot sequence in the HE-LTF field and data field can be the same as the position in the 4x HE-LTF. In a 1x HE-LTF, the position of the pilot sequence in the HE-LTF is configured based on the pilot subcarrier in the data field multiplied by 4. If the pilot subcarrier is present in a 2x HE-LTF, the position of the pilot subcarrier should be the same as the position of the pilot in the 4x data symbol. All pilot subcarriers are located at the even-numbered indices listed below.

[0243]

[0244] At 160MHz or 80+80MHz, for both sides at 80MHz, the pilot subcarrier positions should use the same 80MHz positions.

[0245] 3. HE transmission process and constellation mapping

[0246] In an 802.11ax wireless local area network (WLAN) system, the transmission process (or transmission procedure) in the physical layer (PHY) includes the transmission of HE single-user (SU) PPDUs, HE extended-range (ER) SU PPDUs, HE multi-user (MU) PPDUs, and HE-triggered (TB) PPDUs. The FORMAT field of PHY-TXSTART.request(TXVECTOR) can be the same as HE_SU, HE_MU, HE_ER_SU, or HE_TB. The transmission procedure does not describe the operation of optional features, such as dual-carrier modulation (DCM). Among the various transmission procedures... Figure 21 Only the PHY transmission process of HE SU PPDU is shown.

[0247] Figure 12 An example of the PHY transmission process for HE SU PPDU is shown.

[0248] To transmit data, the MAC generates the PHY-TXSTART.request primitive, which puts the PHY entity into transmit mode. Furthermore, the PHY is configured to operate at an appropriate frequency via station management through the PLME. Other transmission parameters, such as HE-MCS, compilation type, and transmission power, are configured via the PHY-SAP using the PHY-TXSTART.request(TXVECTOR) primitive. After transmitting the PPDU of the transmission (or communication) trigger frame, the MAC sublayer can issue a PHY-TRIGGER.request along with the TRIGVECTOR parameter, which provides the information needed for the expected HE TB PPDU response from the demodulated PHY entity.

[0249] The PHY indicates the status of the primary channel and another channel via PHY-CCA.indication. Upon receiving the PHY-TXSTART.request(TXVECTOR) primitive, the PHY should initiate PPDU transmission.

[0250] Immediately after the PHY preamble transmission begins, the PHY entity initiates data scrambling and encoding. The encoding method for the data fields is based on the TXVECTOR parameters FEC_CODING, CH_BANDWIDTH, NUM_STS, STBC, MCS, and NUM_USERS.

[0251] In the transmitter (or transmitting device) block diagram, the SERVICE field and PSDU are encoded, as will be described later. Data should be exchanged between the MAC and PHY via the PHY-DATA.request(DATA) primitive published by the MAC and the PHY-DATA.confirm primitive published by the PHY. PHY padding bits are applied to the PSDU to set the number of bits in the compiled PSDU to an integer multiple of the number of compiled bits per OFDM symbol.

[0252] MAC terminates transmissions swiftly (or rapidly) via the PHY-TXEND.request primitive. PSDU transmissions terminate upon receipt of a PHY-TXEND.request primitive. Each PHY-TXEND.request primitive can be accompanied by a PHY-TXEND.confirm primitive from PHY to notify it of receipt.

[0253] Packet spread and / or signal spread can exist in the PPDU. The PHY-TXEND.confirm primitive is generated at the actual end time of the most recent PPDU, the end time of the packet spread, and the end time of the signal spread.

[0254] In the PHY, the guard interval (GI), indicated along with the GI duration in the GI_TYPE parameter of TXVECTOR, is inserted into all data OFDM symbols as a solution for delay spread.

[0255] If the PPDU transmission is complete, the PHY entity enters the receive state.

[0256] To generate each field of the HE PPDU, use the following diagram.

[0257] a) Front FEC PHY filling

[0258] b) Scrambler

[0259] c) FEC (BCC or LDPC) encoder

[0260] d) Post-FEC PHY filling

[0261] e) Stream parser

[0262] f) Segment resolver (for continuous 160MHz and non-continuous 80+80MHz transmission)

[0263] g) BCC interleaving

[0264] h) Constellation Mapper

[0265] i) DCM tone mapper

[0266] j) Pilot Insertion

[0267] k) Replication on multiple 20MHz frequencies (for BW>20MHz)

[0268] l) multiplied by P HE-LTF The first column

[0269] m)LDPC tone mapper

[0270] n) segment inverse parser

[0271] o) A spatial stream space-time block code (STBC) encoder

[0272] p) Circular shift diversity (CSD) of each STS insertion

[0273] q) Space Mapper

[0274] r) Frequency mapping

[0275] s) Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT)

[0276] f) Cyclic shift diversity (CSD) of each chain insertion

[0277] u) Guard Interval (GI) Insertion

[0278] v) Add window

[0279] Figure 13 An example block diagram of a transmitter that uses BCC encoding to generate the data field of an HE PPDU is shown.

[0280] Figure 13 A block diagram is shown of a transmitter for generating a data field of an HE PPDU that is encoded using binary convolutional coding (BCC) and is capable of UL transmission or DL ​​non-MU MIMO transmission in 26-tone RU, 52-tone RU, 106-tone RU, or 242-tone RU.

[0281] See Figure 13 For the bit stream input to the transmitter block diagram, 1) perform pre-FEC PHY padding, 2) perform scrambling, 3) perform BCC encoding, and 4) perform post-FEC PHY padding, 5) perform stream parsing to map the compiled bits to a specific spatial stream, 6) perform BCC interleaving for each spatial stream, and 7) perform constellation mapping for each spatial stream, and can generate modulation symbols.

[0282] The dual-carrier modulation (DCM) tone mapper, as part of the constellation mapper, is applied only when the DCM is indicated for the RU. Subsets of these transmitter block diagrams (including the constellation mapper and the CSD block) as well as the blocks to the right of the spatial mapping block are also used to generate the HE-LTF or HE-STF fields.

[0283] Figure 14 An example block diagram of a transmitter that uses LDPC encoding to generate the data field of an HE PPDU is shown.

[0284] Figure 14 A block diagram is shown of a transmitter for generating a HE PPDU data field that has been applied with low-density parity-check (LDPC) encoding and is capable of UL transmission or DL ​​non-MU MIMO transmission in 26-tone RU, 52-tone RU, 106-tone RU, 242-tone RU, 484-tone RU, or 996-tone RU.

[0285] See Figure 14 For the bit stream input to the transmitter block diagram, 1) perform pre-FEC PHY padding, 2) perform scrambling, 3) perform LDPC encoding, and 4) perform post-FEC PHY padding, 5) perform stream parsing operations that map the compiled bits to a specific spatial stream, 6) perform constellation mapping for each spatial stream, and 7) perform LDPC tone mapping on the modulation symbols generated based on the constellation mapping.

[0286] Figure 14 The transmitter block diagram is also applied to the data fields of the HE TB PPDU and HE MU PPDU transmitted in a RU assigned to a user (whether or not they are multiplexed with another user space). The DCM tone mapper, as part of the constellation mapper, is applied only when indicative of the DCM for the RU.

[0287] because Figure 13 and Figure 14 The transmitter block diagram does not have a segment resolver; the above operations are performed for a single frequency band. However, if needed, this can be achieved by... Figure 13 and Figure 14 A segment resolver is added after the stream resolver in the transmitter block diagram to perform segment resolution to divide frequency segments. Therefore, BCC interleaving, constellation mapping, or LDPC tone mapping can be performed for each frequency segment (for each RU in a multi-RU system).

[0288] Furthermore, in HE MU transmissions, except for cyclic shift diversity (CSD), which is performed with the spatiotemporal stream start index known to the user, the PPDU encoding processor uses resource units (RUs) independently. All user data in the RU is combined and mapped to the transport chain of spatially mapped blocks.

[0289] The constellation mapping will be described below.

[0290] Constellation mapping refers to the mapping between the input bits of a constellation mapper and the complex constellation points used for Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16-QAM), and 256-QAM. In other words, the constellation mapper can map bits from the output of a stream parser or segment parser (if present) to complex constellation points according to the modulation scheme.

[0291] The DCM scheme can be applied only to the data fields and / or SIG-B fields of the HE PPDU. Furthermore, the DCM scheme can be used or not used on the transmitting device (optional feature).

[0292] A more detailed description of the 11ax DCM scheme is as follows.

[0293] DCM is an optional modulation scheme for HE-SIG-B and data fields. DCM can be applied to HE SU PPDU and HEER SU PPDU. In HE MU PPDU or HE TB PPDU, DCM can be applied to RUs that include data for one user, but not to RUs that include data for multiple users.

[0294] DCM can only be applied to HE-MCS 0, 1, 3, and 4. DCM can only be applied to N. SS =1 or N SS =2(in the case of a single-user RU in HE MU PPDU, N) SS r, u = 1 or N SS (r, u = 2). DCM cannot be used with MU-MIMO or STBC.

[0295] When using DCM, a bit sequence is mapped to a symbol pair (d′). k ,d′ q(k) To use frequency diversity for RUs with 996 tones or less, the range of k is 0 <= k <= N. SD -1, and the range of q(k) is N SD <= q(k) <= 2N SD -1. For a 2x996 pitch RU, the range of k is 0 <= k <= N. SD / 2-1, and the range of q(k) is N SD / 2 <= q(k) <= N SD -1. To maximize frequency diversity, for RUs with 996 tones or less, the index of the DCM subcarrier pair (k, q(k)) is q(k) = k + N. SD And for a 2x996 pitch RU, q(k) = k + N SD / 2. Here, when DCM=1, N SDAssigned N SD The value of N. And, when DCM = 0, N SD Assigned N SD Half the value.

[0296] The modulation bits for which DCM is applied can be described as follows.

[0297] For BPSK modulation using DCM, the input stream is divided into N... CBPS or N CBPS，u Bit groups Each bit B k Modulated by BPSK into sample d′ k This generates samples for the lower half of the data subcarrier. For the upper half of the subcarrier, samples are generated as follows: N here SD This refers to N when DCM=1. SD N is the case where DCM = 0. SD Half of the value.

[0298] For QPSK modulation using DCM, the input stream is divided into N... CBPS or N CBPS，u Bit groups Each pair of bits (B 2k B 2k+1 It is modulated into the symbol d′ by QPSK. k This generates the constellation points for the lower half of the data subcarriers in the RU. For the upper half of the data subcarriers in the RU, d′ k +N SD =conj(d′) k ), where conj() represents the complex conjugate operation. Here, N SD This refers to N when DCM=1. SD N is the case where DCM = 0. SD Half of the value.

[0299] For 16-QAM modulation using DCM, the input stream is divided into N... CBPS or N CBPS，n Bit groups 4-bit group (B) 4k， B 4k+1 B 4k+2 B 4k+3 ) is modulated into sample d′ by 16-QAM k As described in 17.3.5.8 (Subcarrier Modulation Mapping). This is the sample on subcarrier k in the lower half. In the upper half, it is modulated by 16-QAM bits (B 4k B 4k+1B 4k+2 B 4k+3 The permutation of ) is used to obtain the subcarrier k+N SD On sample d′ k +N SD Specifically, by sending bit groups (B 4k+1 B 4k B 4k+3 B 4k+2 The d′ is obtained by applying the 16-QAM modulation process in 18.3.4.8. k +N SD N here SD This refers to N when DCM=1. SD N is the case where DCM = 0. SD Half of the value.

[0300] The following will describe the LDPC tone mapping.

[0301] The LDPC pitch mapping distance parameter D should be used in all LDPC compilation streams. TM To perform LDPC tone mapping. TM For each bandwidth, it is a constant, and for each frequency band, it is assigned a value, as shown below. LDPC tone mapping should not be performed on the coded stream using BCC.

[0302]

[0303] For VHT PPDU transmissions, as shown below, LDPC tone mapping for the LDPC compiled stream associated with user u can be performed by replacing the complex stream generated by the constellation mapper.

[0304] d″ t(k)，i，n，l，u =d′ k，i，n，l，u k = 0, 1, ..., N SD -1 for 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz and 80+80MHz;

[0305] For 160MHz;

[0306] i = 1, ..., N SS，u ;

[0307] n = (0, 1, ..., N) SYM -1;

[0308] l=0, for 20MHz, 40MHz and 80MHz

[0309] l = 0, 1, for 160MHz and 80+80MHz;

[0310] u = 0, ..., N user -1

[0311] in

[0312]

[0313] As a result of the LDPC tone mapping operation, two consecutively generated complex constellation numbers d′ may be sent from two data tones respectively. k，i，n，l u and d′ k+1，i，n，l Each of u, each data pitch interval is at least D TM -1. For example, d′ k，i，n，l u can be sent from the first data tone, d′ k+1，i，n，l u can be sent from the second data tone, and the first and second data tones can be spaced D apart. TM -1. The above operation is similar to the operation performed on variables i, n, and u using D. TM row and N SD / D TM Columns (for 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz, or 80+80MHz) or N SD / 2*D TM A matrix of columns (for 160MHz), for complex numbers d′ 0，i，n，l，u ,...,d′ NSD-1，i，n，l，u The execution blocks are interleaved. At this point, d′ 0，i，n，l，u ,...,d′ NSD-1，i，n，l，u It is written row by row in the matrix, d′ 0，i，n，l，u ,...,d′ NsD-1，i，n，l , u It is read column by column from the matrix.

[0314] Perform LDPC tone mapping for the upper 80MHz and lower 80MHz of the 160MHz or 80+80MHz transmission indicated by frequency subblock index 1, respectively.

[0315] Since LDPC tone mapping is not performed on BCC compilation streams, the following equation can be applied to BCC compilation streams.

[0316] d″ k，i，n，l，u =d′ k，i，n，l，u k = 0, 1, ..., N SD -1 for 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz and 80+80MHz;

[0317] For 160MHz;

[0318] i = 1, ..., N SS，u ;

[0319] n = 0, 1, ..., N SYM -1;

[0320] l=0, for 20MHz, 40MHz and 80MHz

[0321] l = 0, 1, for 160MHz and 80+80MHz;

[0322] u = 0, ..., N user -1

[0323] Furthermore, LDPC tone mapping should be performed in all LDPC compile streams mapped to Resource Units (RUs). LDPC tone mapping should not be performed for streams using BCC. When DCM is applied to an LDPC compile stream, D... TM_DCM This should be applied to both the lower half and upper half data subcarriers of the RU. LDPC tone mapping distance parameter D TM and D TM_DCM For each of the RU size and the other RU size, it is a constant.

[0324]

[0325] LDPC pitch mapping distance parameter D TM and D TM_DCM It is applied to frequency subblock 1=0 and frequency subblock 1=1 respectively.

[0326] For HE PPDU without DCM, in the r-th RU, the LDPC tone mapping of the LDPC compiled stream associated with user u can be performed as follows by replacing the complex stream generated by the constellation mapper.

[0327] d″ t(k)，i，n，l，γ，u =d′ k，i，n，l，r，u

[0328] in

[0329]

[0330] i = 1, ..., N SS，r，u

[0331] n = 0, 1, ..., N SYM -1

[0332]

[0333] u = 0, ..., N user，r -1

[0334] r = 0, ..., N RU -1

[0335] N SD It is the number of data pitches in the r-th RU.

[0336]

[0337] For a HE PPDU in which DCM is applied in the data field, in the r-th RU, as shown below, by replacing the complex stream generated by the constellation mapper, the LDPC tone mapping of the LDPC compiled stream associated with user u can be performed.

[0338] d″ t(k)，i，n，l，r，u =d′ k，i，n，l，r，u

[0339] in

[0340]

[0341] i = 1, ..., N SS，r，u

[0342] n = 0, 1, ..., N SYM -1

[0343]

[0344] u = 0, ..., N user，r -1

[0345] r = 0, ..., N RU -1

[0346] N SD The number of data pitches in the r-th RU if DCM is applied.

[0347] For RU in 26, 52, 106, 242, 484, and 996 tones

[0348]

[0349] For 2x996 tone RU

[0350]

[0351] D TM_DCM This refers to the LDPC tone mapping distance used for the r-th RU if DCM is applied.

[0352] The LDPC tone mappers for 26-tone, 52-tone, 106-tone, 242-tone, 484-tone, and 996-tone frequencies are defined as a segment. LDPC tone mapping is performed for the upper 80MHz and lower 80MHz frequency segments of the 2x996-tone RUs indicated by frequency sub-block index 1, respectively.

[0353] Since LDPC tone mapping is not performed on the BCC compilation stream, the following equation can be applied to the BCC compilation stream.

[0354] d″ k，i，n，l，r，u =d′ k，i，n，l，r，l

[0355] in

[0356]

[0357] i = 1, ..., N SS，r，u

[0358] n = 0, 1, ..., N SYM -1

[0359]

[0360] u = 0, ..., N user，r -1

[0361] r = 0, ..., N RU -1

[0362] 4. STF sequence (or STF signal)

[0363] The main purpose of the HE-STF field is to improve automatic gain control estimation in MIMO transmission.

[0364] Figure 15 This illustrates a 1x HE-STF tone in per-channel PPDU transmission according to this disclosure. Specifically, Figure 15 An example is shown with a HE-STF tone (i.e., 16 tone samples) having a periodicity of 0.8 μs in a bandwidth of 20 MHz / 40 MHz / 80 MHz. Therefore, in Figure 15 In this context, the HE-STF tone for each bandwidth (or channel) can be positioned according to 16 tone intervals.

[0365] exist Figure 15 In the diagram, the x-axis represents the frequency domain. The numbers on the x-axis represent pitch indices, and the arrows indicate the mapping from non-zero values ​​to their corresponding pitch indices.

[0366] Subgraph (a) shows an example of a 1x HE-STF tone in a 20MHz PPDU transmission.

[0367] Referring to subfigure (a), when mapping a HE-STF sequence with a periodicity of 0.8 μs (i.e., a 1x HE-STF sequence) to a 20 MHz channel, within the tone index range of -112 to 112, 1x HE-STF is mapped to tones whose tone indices are divisible by 16 (i.e., multiples of 16). Then, 0 can be mapped to the remaining tones. More specifically, in a 20 MHz channel, within the tone index range of -112 to 112, the 1x HE-STF tones can be located according to tone indices divisible by 16, excluding DC. Therefore, in a 20 MHz channel, there can be a total of 14 1x HE-STF tones to which the 1x HE-STF sequence can be mapped.

[0368] Subgraph (b) shows an example of a 1x HE-STF tone in a 40MHz PPDU transmission.

[0369] Referring to subgraph (b), when mapping a HE-STF sequence with a periodicity of 0.8 μs (i.e., a 1x HE-STF sequence) to a 40 MHz channel, within the tone index range of -240 to 240, 1x HE-STF is mapped to tones whose tone indices are divisible by 16 (i.e., multiples of 16). Then, 0 can be mapped to the remaining tones. More specifically, in a 40 MHz channel, within the tone index range of -240 to 240, the 1x HE-STF tone can be located according to tone indices divisible by 16, excluding DC. Therefore, in a 40 MHz channel, there can be a total of 30 1x HE-STF tones to which the 1x HE-STF sequence can be mapped.

[0370] Subgraph (c) illustrates an example of a 1x HE-STF tone in an 80MHz PPDU transmission.

[0371] Referring to subgraph (c), when mapping a HE-STF sequence with a periodicity of 0.8 μs (i.e., a 1x HE-STF sequence) to an 80 MHz channel, within the tone index range of -496 to 496, 1x HE-STF is mapped to tones whose tone indices are divisible by 16 (i.e., multiples of 16). Then, 0 can be mapped to the remaining tones. More specifically, in an 80 MHz channel, within the tone index range of -496 to 496, 1x HE-STF tones can be located according to tone indices divisible by 16, excluding DC. Therefore, in an 80 MHz channel, there can be a total of 62 1x HE-STF tones to which the 1x HE-STF sequence can be mapped.

[0372] 5. Embodiments applicable to this disclosure

[0373] WLAN 802.11 systems consider using a wider bandwidth or more antennas than the existing 11ax to transmit increased streams, thereby increasing peak throughput. Additionally, this specification also considers methods for aggregating and using various bandwidths and various preamble perforation patterns in non-OFDMA transmissions.

[0374] This specification proposes to add a copy transmission range to EHT PPDU transmission in a wireless LAN system (802.11). Specifically, this embodiment proposes a PPDU configuration, phase rotation, and EHT-STF sequence for 80MHz transmission.

[0375] exist Figure 10 The diagram shows a representative structure of an 802.11be PPDU (EHT PPDU). The U-SIG consists of version-independent and version-dependent fields. Furthermore, the U-SIG comprises two symbols, which are jointly encoded, with each 20MHz segment consisting of 52 data tones and 4 pilot tones. Additionally, the U-SIG is modulated in the same manner as HE-SIG-A; that is, the U-SIG is modulated at a BPSK 1 / 2 code rate. Furthermore, the EHT-SIG can be coded with a variable MCS and can have a 1 2 1 2… structure, such as the existing 11ax, or other structures (e.g., 1 2 3 4… or 1 2 1 2 3 4 3 4…). Additionally, the EHT-SIG can be configured in 80MHz units, and in bandwidths of 80MHz or higher, it can be replicated in 80Hz units.

[0376] Meanwhile, 802.11be can support low-power indoor environments over a wide area of ​​6 GHz. In this case, the data portion can be repeatedly transmitted to obtain more reliable performance, and this specification proposes the following method.

[0377] Figure 16 This illustrates an example of copying data for each 40MHz step when sending an 80MHz PPDU.

[0378] 802.11be supports 20 / 40 / 80 / 160 / 80+80 / 320 / 160+160MHz (with an additional 240 / 160 / 80MHz), and this embodiment proposes copying and transmitting data within a specific bandwidth. For example, such as Figure 16 As shown, when transmitting 80MHz, data from each 40MHz frequency can be copied.

[0379] In this specification, this type of transmission is referred to as copy transmission, but other names may be used in practice. Copy transmission may be used only for i) 80 / 160 / 80+80 / 320 / 160+160MHz PPDU transmission, ii) only for MCS0 or MCS0+DCM, and iii) only for a single stream. iv) may be limited to SU transmission, and v) perforation may not be applied.

[0380] The same data can be easily repeated in two blocks. Figure 16 Each 40MHz data segment in the first block can have a constellation, but for performance improvement, the constellation can be different. For example, suppose the number of subcarriers for inserting data, in addition to the pilots in the first and second blocks, is N, and the constellation in each subcarrier of the first block is d_1,N (N = 0 to N-1). In this case, the constellation in the second block can be defined as follows.

[0381] d_2,n=d_1,n*exp(j*n*π(n=0 to N-1,k=1 or -1 or other integers)

[0382] 5.1 Configuration of the data portion in a copy-up (DUP) transfer

[0383] The configuration of the actual data portion can be proposed in various ways. Figure 17 It is an 802.11be 80MHz tone scheme, and based on this tone scheme, the configuration of the data section is presented below.

[0384] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the tone scheme for the 80MHz band defined in 802.11be.

[0385] This specification proposes, as follows Figure 17 The method shown is to configure the data section using a new 80MHz tone scheme or a repeating tone scheme based on the 80MHz tone scheme. Figure 17 In the tone plan, the 2x242 tone RUs of each 40MHz segment can be regarded as 484 tone RUs, and the 996 tone RUs can be the same as the existing 996 tone RUs of 11ax.

[0386] Suppose that the two duplicate data parts are data block 1 and data block 2.

[0387] Method 1

[0388] Data block 1 and data block 2 can be easily used in Figure 14The left and right 484RUs (low-frequency 484RU and high-frequency 484RU) in the tone scheme are configured. This can be simply regarded as a repeating form of 40MHz PPDU and can be easily implemented. (In which all 40MHz PPDUs from the preamble to the data are repeated) or the preamble portion can be implemented based on the entire bandwidth and only the data portion can be repeated.

[0389] Method 2

[0390] Alternatively, the 996RU can be split into two. That is, data block 1 can use the left (low-frequency) 498 subcarriers of the 996RU (including pilot subcarriers), while data block 2 can use the right (high-frequency) 498 subcarriers of the 996RU (including pilot subcarriers). In other words, the preamble portion can be implemented based on the entire bandwidth, and only the data portion can be repeated. This is difficult to implement, but easy in terms of preamble configuration and can achieve good performance in PAPR.

[0391] In bandwidths outside 80MHz, at 160 / 80+80MHz, two 996RUs can be allocated to data block 1 / 2 respectively, and at 320 / 160+160MHz, two 2x996RUs can be allocated to data block 1 / 2 respectively.

[0392] 5.2. Bandwidth (BW) field in DUP transmission

[0393] BW fields can also be designed using two methods.

[0394] Method 1

[0395] In the case of Method 1 for the data section, it is possible to simply repeat the 40MHz PPDU, and thus the BW field can be configured by using 40MHz corresponding to the BW of each PPDU section. This is effective in the preamble configuration and easy to implement. Method 2 for the data section can also be applied, but it may not offer any particular advantage.

[0396] Method 2

[0397] Regardless of the configuration method used for the data section, the BW field can be configured via 80MHz (the entire bandwidth for transmitting PPDUs). This provides useful information to the OBSS STA or other STAs within the BSS. Specifically, method 2 for the data section may be more useful.

[0398] The same method can be considered for other bandwidths other than 80MHz. That is, in 160 / 80+80MHz, the BW field can be indicated as 80MHz or 160 / 80+60MHz, and in 320 / 160+160MHz, the BW field can be indicated as 160 / 80+80MHz or 320 / 160+160MHz.

[0399] 5.3. Applying Phase Rotation in DUP Transmission

[0400] The following two methods can be considered, and method 1 can be further subdivided.

[0401] Method 1

[0402] In the case of Method 1 in the data section, it is possible to simply repeat the 40MHz PPDU, and therefore, a 40MHz phase rotation can be considered to design the phase rotation. Method 2 in the data section can also be applied, but it may not offer any particular advantage.

[0403] <Method 1-1>

[0404] The phase rotation of [1j] can be simply applied to each 40MHz section as is. This is easy to implement, but may not be good for PAPR.

[0405] <Method 1-2>

[0406] A phase rotation of [1j] can be applied to each 40MHz section, and the phase rotation can be applied additionally to each section. For example, a phase rotation of -1 or j or -j can be applied to the high-frequency 40MHz section. Alternatively, other values ​​can be applied. However, from a PAPR perspective, there may not be much benefit.

[0407] Method 2

[0408] Regardless of the configuration method of the data section, the phase rotation corresponding to 80MHz (total bandwidth of the transmitted PPDU) can be applied as is [1-1-1-1]. From the PAPR perspective, this may be beneficial. Specifically, method 2 for the data section may be more useful.

[0409] The same method can be considered in other bandwidths other than 80MHz. That is, 80MHz phase rotation or 160 / 80+80MHz phase rotation can be used in 160 / 80+80MHz, and 160 / 80+80MHz phase rotation or 320 / 160+160MHz phase rotation can be used in 320 / 160+160MHz.

[0410] 5.4. Methods for applying EHT-STF / EHT-LTF in DUP transmission

[0411] The following two methods can be considered, and each method can be further subdivided. EHT-STF can only be applied to 1x EHT-STF in copy transmission.

[0412] Method 1

[0413] In the case of Method 1 for the data section, it is possible to simply repeat the 40MHz PPDU, and therefore, a 40MHz EHT-STF / EHT-LTF sequence can be considered for the design. Method 2 for the data section can also be applied, but it may not offer any particular advantage.

[0414] <Method 1-1>

[0415] Simply put, the 40MHz EHT-STF / EHT-LTF sequence can be applied as is to each 40MHz section. This is easy to implement, but may not be good in terms of PAPR. The PAPR of 1x EHT-STF is 7.4103dB.

[0416] <Method 1-2>

[0417] The 40MHz EHT-STF / EHT-LTF sequence is applied as is to each 40MHz section, and a phase rotation can be added to each section. For example, a phase rotation of -1 or j or -j can be applied to the high-frequency 40MHz section. Alternatively, other values ​​can be applied. Multiplying by -1 may be advantageous, in which case the PAPR of 1x EHT-STF is 5.5457dB.

[0418] Method 2

[0419] Regardless of the configuration method for the data section, an EHT-STF / EHT-LTF sequence corresponding to 80MHz (total bandwidth for transmitting PPDUs) can be used. From a PAPR perspective, this may be advantageous. Specifically, method 2 for the data section may be more useful.

[0420] <Method 2-1>

[0421] In 802.11ax and 802.11be, when applying EHT-STF / EHT-LTF sequences, coefficients are only applied to the RUs in use, and coefficients corresponding to the remaining unused subcarriers are punched. Reflecting this as is, in Method 2 of the data section, two 484RUs are actually used, and therefore, coefficients for the remaining subcarriers are punched except for those corresponding to the two 484RUs of the 80MHz EHT-STF / EHT-LTF sequence. This may be advantageous because it follows the existing method, but it may be poor from a PAPR perspective. However, in the case of 1xEHT-STF, the PAPR is 4.4689dB, demonstrating good performance.

[0422] <Method 2-2>

[0423] Even using Method 1 in the data section, an 80MHz EHT-STF / EHT-LTF sequence can be simply applied. That is, the coefficients of unused subcarriers may not be punctured. From a PAPR perspective, this can be beneficial, and there may be no additional implementation burden from puncturing. However, because it does not follow existing methods, there may be additional burdens depending on the implementation. The PAPR for 1x EHT-STF is 4.5287dB.

[0424] The same approach can be considered for bandwidths other than 80MHz. That is, in 160 / 80+80MHz, either an 80MHz EHT-STF / EHT-LTF sequence or a 160 / 80+80MHz EHT-STF / EHT-LTF sequence can be used, and in 320 / 160+160MHz, either a 160 / 80+80MHz EHT-STF / EHT-LTF sequence or a 320 / 160+160MHz EHT-STF / EHT-LTF sequence can be used. If the sequence is repeated, multiplying the high-frequency portion by -1 from a PAPR perspective may be advantageous. Furthermore, for even better performance, the EHT-STF / EHT-LTF can be repeated in the time domain. The PPDU structure can be represented as follows.

[0425] PPDU Structure: Preamble (L-Preamble, RL-SIG, U-SIG, EHT-SIG) | EHT-STF | Time-domain copied EHT-STF | EHT-LTF | Time-domain copied EHT-LTF | Data

[0426] In the PPDU structure, only one field of EHT-LTF and EHT-STF can be reconfigured in the time domain within a repeating structure. Specific techniques such as preamble or repetition or power boosting in the time domain can be applied within the PPDU structure.

[0427] 5.5. Application of EHT-STF Sequence in DUP Transmission

[0428] Here, when considering duplicate transmission in the case of 160 / 80+80 / 240 / 160 / 80 / 320 / 160+160MHz, an EHT-STF configuration and sequence are proposed.

[0429] The following is a 1x EHT-STF sequence for 802.11be SU / MU PPDU.

[0430] <320MHz 1x EHT-STF sequence>

[0431] EHTS-2032:16:2032={M 1-M 0-M 1-M 0M 1-M 0-M 1-M 0-M-1M 0M-1M 0-M-1M0M-1M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0432] <160MHz 1x EHT-STF sequence>

[0433] EHTS-1008:16:1008={M 1-M 0-M 1-M 0-M-1M 0-M 1-M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0434] <80MHz 1x EHT-STF sequence>

[0435] EHTS-496:16:496={M 1-M 0-M 1-M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0436] Additionally, the following are EHT-STF sequences that can be used at 240MHz.

[0437] <240MHz 1x EHT-STF sequence>

[0438] EHTS-1520:16:1520={M 1-M 0-M 1-M 0-M-1M 0M-1M 0-M-1M 0M-1M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0439] or

[0440] EHTS-1520:16:1520={M 1-M 0-M 1-M 0M 1-M 0-M 1-M 0-M-1M 0M-1M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0441] 5.5.1.160 / 80+80MHz

[0442] Method 1

[0443] Regardless of the method of data replication, a 1xEHT-STF sequence corresponding to 160 / 80+80MHz can be simply used.

[0444] EHTS-1008:16:1008={M 1-M 0-M 1-M 0-M-1M 0-M 1-M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0445] In this case, the full bandwidth PAPR is 5.0450dB.

[0446] Method 2

[0447] Not only the data portion, but all PPDUs can be replicated in 80MHz increments. In this case, an 80MHz 1x EHT-STF sequence can be simply repeated.

[0448] EHTS-1008:16:1008={M 1-M 0-M 1-M 0M 1-M 0-M 1-M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0449] In this case, the full bandwidth PAPR is 5.9283dB.

[0450] Method 3

[0451] To further reduce the PAPR of method 2, a phase rotation of 1 or -1 can be added to the high-frequency 80MHz portion. In this case, the 1x EHT-STF sequence is as follows.

[0452] EHTS-1008:16:1008={M 1-M 0-M 1-M 0M 1-M 0-M 1-M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0453] In this case, the full-bandwidth PAPR is 5.9283 dB. This is the same as in Method 2.

[0454] 5.5.2.240 / 160+80MHz

[0455] Method 1

[0456] Regardless of the method of data replication, a 1xEHT-STF sequence corresponding to 240 / 160+80MHz can be simply used.

[0457] EHTS-1520:16:1520={M 1-M 0-M 1-M 0-M-1M 0M-1M 0-M-1M 0M-1M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0458] or

[0459] EHTS-1520:16:1520={M 1-M 0-M 1-M 0M 1-M 0-M 1-M 0-M-1M 0M-1M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0460] In this case, the full bandwidth PAPR is 6.4759 dB.

[0461] Method 2

[0462] Not only the data portion, but all PPDUs can be replicated in 80MHz increments. In this case, an 80MHz 1x EHT-STF sequence can be simply repeated.

[0463] EHTS-1520:16:1520={M 1-M 0-M 1-M 0M 1-M 0-M 1-M 0M1-M 0-M 1-M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0464] In this case, the full bandwidth PAPR is 7.6892dB.

[0465] Method 3

[0466] To further reduce the PAPR of Method 2, a phase rotation of 1 or -1 can be added to each 80MHz section except for the lowest frequency 80MHz section. In this case, the 1xEHT-STF sequence is as follows.

[0467] EHTS-1520:16:1520={M 1-M 0-M 1-M 0-M-1M 0M-1M 0-M-1M 0M-1M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0468] or

[0469] EHTS-1520:16:1520={M 1-M 0-M 1-M 0M 1-M 0-M 1-M 0-M-1M 0M-1M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0470] In this case, the full-bandwidth PAPR is 6.4759 dB. This is the same as in Method 1.

[0471] 5.5.3.320 / 160+160MHz

[0472] Method 1

[0473] Regardless of the method of data replication, a 1xEHT-STF sequence corresponding to 320 / 160+160MHz can be simply used.

[0474] EHTS-2032:16:2032={M 1-M 0-M 1-M 0M 1-M 0-M 1-M 0-M-1M 0M-1M 0-M-1M0M-1M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0475] In this case, the full bandwidth PAPR is 7.5969 dB.

[0476] Method 2

[0477] Not only the data portion, but all PPDUs can be replicated in 160MHz increments. In this case, a 160 / 80+80MHz 1x EHT-STF sequence can be simply repeated.

[0478] EHTS-2032:16:2032={M 1-M 0-M 1-M 0-M-1M 0-M 1-M 0M1-M 0-M 1-M 0-M-1M0-M 1-M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0479] In this case, the full bandwidth PAPR is 7.7322dB.

[0480] Method 3

[0481] To further reduce the PAPR of method 2, a phase rotation of 1 or -1 can be added to the high-frequency 160MHz portion. In this case, the 1x EHT-STF sequence is as follows.

[0482] EHTS-2032:16:2032={M 1-M 0-M 1-M 0-M-1M 0-M 1-M 0M1-M 0-M 1-M 0-M-1M0-M 1-M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0483] In this case, the full-bandwidth PAPR is 7.7322 dB. This is the same as in Method 2.

[0484] Method 4

[0485] Not only the data portion, but all PPDUs can be replicated in 80MHz increments. In this case, an 80MHz 1x EHT-STF sequence can be simply repeated.

[0486] EHTS-2032:16:2032={M 1-M 0-M 1-M 0M 1-M 0-M 1-M 0M1-M 0-M 1-M 0M 1-M0-M 1-M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0487] In this case, the full bandwidth PAPR is 8.9386dB.

[0488] Method 5

[0489] To further reduce the PAPR of method 4, a phase rotation of 1 or -1 can be added to each 80MHz section except for the lowest frequency 80MHz section. In this case, the 1xEHT-STF sequence is as follows.

[0490] EHTS-2032:16:2032={M 1-M 0-M 1-M 0M 1-M 0-M 1-M 0M1-M 0-M 1-M 0-M-1M0M-1M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0491] or

[0492] EHTS-2032:16:2032={M 1-M 0-M 1-M 0-M-1M 0M-1M 0-M-1M 0M-1M 0-M-1M0M-1M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0493] In this case, the full bandwidth PAPR is 6.0505dB.

[0494] Alternatively, the following 1x EHT-STF sequence can be used, which has the same PAPR as the two sequences mentioned above when considering various RF capabilities.

[0495] EHTS-2032:16:2032={M 1-M 0-M 1-M 0M 1-M 0-M 1-M 0-M-1M 0M-1M 0M 1-M0-M 1-M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0496] or

[0497] EHTS-2032:16:2032={M 1-M 0-M 1-M 0-M-1M 0M-1M 0M1-M 0-M 1-M 0M 1-M0-M 1-M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0498] In this case, the full bandwidth PAPR is 6.9619 dB.

[0499] Figure 18This is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the transmitting device / equipment according to this embodiment.

[0500] According to Figure 18 The example is used to send the above STF sequence (i.e., EHT-STF / EHTS sequence).

[0501] This can be performed by the transmitting device (AP and / or non-AP STA). Figure 18 Examples.

[0502] You can skip / omit this. Figure 18 A portion of each step (or detailed sub-steps as described below) in the example.

[0503] In step S1810, the transmitting device may obtain control information for the STF sequence. For example, the transmitting device may obtain information related to the bandwidth (e.g., 80 / 160 / 240 / 320MHz) applied to the STF sequence. Additionally / optionally, the transmitting device may obtain information related to characteristics applied to the STF sequence (e.g., information indicating the generation of 1x, 2x, or 4x sequences).

[0504] In step S1820, the transmitting device may configure or generate control signals / fields (e.g., EHT-STF signals / fields) based on the obtained control information (e.g., bandwidth-related information).

[0505] Step S1820 may include more specific sub-steps.

[0506] For example, step S1820 may also include selecting an STF sequence from a plurality of STF sequences based on the control information obtained through step S1810.

[0507] Additional / alternative steps, including step S1820, may also include performing a power boost.

[0508] Step S1820 can also be referred to as the step of generating the sequence.

[0509] In step S1830, the transmitting device may send the signal / field / sequence configured in step S1820 to the receiving device / equipment based on step S1830.

[0510] Step S1820 may include more specific sub-steps.

[0511] For example, the transmitting device / equipment can perform a phase rotation step. Specifically, the transmitting device / equipment can perform a phase rotation step on the sequence generated by step S1820 in units of 20MHz*N (N = integer).

[0512] Additionally / optionally, the transmitting device / equipment may perform at least one of CSD, spatial mapping, IDFT / IFFT operations, GI insertion, etc.

[0513] You can follow Figure 10 The signals / fields / sequences constructed according to this specification are sent in the form of [the specified format].

[0514] Figure 19 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the receiving device / equipment according to this embodiment.

[0515] According to Figure 19 The example is used to send the above STF sequence (i.e., EHT-STF / EHTS sequence).

[0516] This can be performed by the receiving device / equipment (AP and / or non-AP STA). Figure 19 Examples.

[0517] You can skip / omit this. Figure 19 A portion of each step (or detailed sub-steps as described below) in the example

[0518] In step S1910, the receiving device / equipment may receive a signal / field including an STF sequence (i.e., an EHT-STF / EHTS sequence). The received signal may employ... Figure 10 In the form of.

[0519] The sub-steps of step S1910 can be determined based on step S1830. That is, in step S1910, operations for recovering the results of the phase rotation CSD, spatial mapping, IDFT / IFFT operations, and GI insertion operations applied in step S1830 can be performed.

[0520] In step S1910, the STF sequence can perform various functions, such as time / frequency synchronization of the detection signal or estimation of AGC gain.

[0521] In step S1920, the receiving device / equipment may perform decoding on the received signal based on the STF sequence.

[0522] For example, step S1920 may include decoding the data field of the PPDU, which includes the STF sequence. That is, the receiving device / app can decode the signal included in the data field of the successfully received PPDU based on the STF sequence.

[0523] In step S1930, the receiving device / equipment can process the data decoded in step S1920.

[0524] For example, in step S1920, the receiving device / app can perform a processing operation to pass the decoded data to a higher layer (e.g., the MAC layer). Additionally, subsequent operations can be performed in response to the generation of an indication signal from the upper layer to the PHY layer for the data passed to the upper layer.

[0525] The following is for reference. Figures 1 to 19 The above embodiments are described.

[0526] Figure 20 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of transmitting a PPDU via a STA according to this embodiment.

[0527] It can be executed in network environments that support next-generation WLAN systems (IEEE 802.11be or EHT WLAN systems). Figure 20 Example. Next-generation wireless LAN systems are WLAN systems enhanced from 802.11ax systems, thus satisfying backward compatibility with 802.11ax systems.

[0528] Figure 20 The example is performed by the sending STA, and the sending STA can correspond to an access point (AP). Figure 20 The receiving STA can correspond to a STA that supports an Extremely High Throughput (EHT) WLAN system.

[0529] This embodiment proposes a method and apparatus for copying and transmitting data to increase the transmission distance in EHT PPDU transmission. 802.11be wireless LAN systems can support transmission in low-power indoor environments over a 6GHz broadband bandwidth. Therefore, to achieve more reliable performance, a method for repeatedly transmitting data in the frequency domain within an EHT PPDU is proposed.

[0530] In step S2010, the transmitting station (STA) generates a Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU).

[0531] In step S2020, the transmitting STA sends a PPDU to the receiving STA via the 80MHz frequency band.

[0532] PPDUs can be Very High Throughput (EHT) PPDUs supporting 802.11be wireless LAN systems. A PPDU consists of a preamble and a data field. The preamble can be a Traditional Short Training Field (L-STF), a Traditional Long Training Field (L-LTF), a Traditional Signal (L-SIG), a Universal Signal (U-SIG), an EHT-SIG, an EHT-STF, or an EHT-LTF.

[0533] The 80MHz band includes a first 484-tone resource unit (RU) and a second 484-tone RU. The data field includes first data for the first 484-tone RU and second data for the second 484-tone RU. The second data is obtained by copying the first data and applying a phase rotation to it. The first and second 484-tone RUs are resource units comprising 484 tones.

[0534] In other words, the data field is configured by copying (or repeating) data for each sub-block. This transmission method can be referred to as copy transmission. The sub-blocks are divided into frequency domains. The first 484-tone RU can be a 484-tone RU with a lower (or higher) frequency in the 80MHz band, while the second 484-tone RU can be a 484-tone RU with a higher (or lower) frequency in the 80MHz band. This embodiment has the effect that reliable performance can be achieved even for transmissions over longer distances by repeatedly transmitting data in the frequency domain within the EHT PPDU.

[0535] For replication transmission to be performed, the following conditions must be met. First, the first data can be modulated using Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), and Dual Carrier Modulation (DCM) can be applied. That is, constellation mapping can be performed on the first data based on BPSK and DCM. Constellation mapping can be performed on the first data in the first 484-tone RU based on Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) and Dual Carrier Modulation (DCM). The BPSK coding rate can be 1 / 2.

[0536] If the encoded data bits of the first data are modulated based on a first modulation and compilation scheme (MCS), then the first MCS, which applies BPSK and DCM, can be called EHT-MCS 14. In this case, EHT-MCS 14 can be referred to as the MCS defined for replicated transmission. Information about the first MCS can be included in the user field of EHT-SIG. The PPDU can be a single-user (SU) PPDU that supports a single spatial stream (Nss = 1).

[0537] U-SIG can include a Bandwidth (BW) field. The BW field can indicate the bandwidth of the PPDU as 80MHz. That is, the BW field can indicate the entire bandwidth through which the PPDU is transmitted, regardless of how the data is configured in the PPDU.

[0538] PPDUs can also include Extremely High Throughput Short Training Fields (EHT-STF) and Extremely High Throughput Long Training Fields (EHT-LTF). EHT-STF can include EHT-STF sequences within an 80MHz frequency band. EHT-LTF can also include EHT-LTF sequences within an 80MHz frequency band.

[0539] In an 80MHz band EHT-STF sequence, coefficients for tones not included in the first 484-tone RU and the second 484-tone RU can be perforated. Similarly, in an 80MHz band EHT-LTF sequence, coefficients for tones not included in the first 484-tone RU and the second 484-tone RU can be perforated. Tones not included in the first and second 484-tone RUs are not used to transmit EHT-STF and EHT-LTF sequences. This embodiment proposes a method that applies coefficients only to the RUs used when applying EHT-STF and EHT-LTF sequences, and perforates the coefficients of the remaining unused tones (or subcarriers).

[0540] Furthermore, the EHT-STF sequence used to perform the replication transfer can be 1x EHT-STF. The EHT-LTF sequence used to perform the replication transfer can be 1x EHT-LTF.

[0541] Specifically, the EHT-STF sequence in the 80MHz band is a sequence that includes the M sequence, and can be defined as {M1-M0-M1-M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2). Here, sqrt() represents the square root. The M sequence can be defined as follows.

[0542] M={-1,-1,-1,1,1,1,-1,1,1,1,-1,1,1,-1,1}

[0543] The EHT-LTF sequence for the 80MHz band can be defined as follows.

[0544] {-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1, 0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1},

[0545] Figure 21 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of receiving a PPDU via a receiving STA according to this embodiment.

[0546] It can be executed in network environments that support next-generation WLAN systems (IEEE 802.11be or EHT WLAN systems). Figure 21 Example. Next-generation wireless LAN systems are WLAN systems enhanced from 802.11ax systems, thus satisfying backward compatibility with 802.11ax systems.

[0547] Figure 21 An example can be performed by a receiving STA, and the receiving STA can correspond to a STA that supports an Extremely High Throughput (EHT) WLAN system. Figure 21 The sending STA can correspond to the access point (AP).

[0548] This embodiment proposes a method and apparatus for copying and transmitting data to increase the transmission distance in EHT PPDU transmission. 802.11be wireless LAN systems can support transmission in low-power indoor environments over a 6GHz broadband bandwidth. Therefore, to achieve more reliable performance, a method for repeatedly transmitting data in the frequency domain within an EHT PPDU is proposed.

[0549] In step S2110, the receiving station (STA) receives Physical Protocol Data Units (PPDUs) from the transmitting STA via the 80MHz frequency band.

[0550] In step S2120, the STA decodes the PPDU.

[0551] PPDUs can be Very High Throughput (EHT) PPDUs supporting 802.11be wireless LAN systems. A PPDU consists of a preamble and a data field. The preamble can be a Traditional Short Training Field (L-STF), a Traditional Long Training Field (L-LTF), a Traditional Signal (L-SIG), a Universal Signal (U-SIG), an EHT-SIG, an EHT-STF, or an EHT-LTF.

[0552] The 80MHz band includes a first 484-tone resource unit (RU) and a second 484-tone RU. The data field includes first data for the first 484-tone RU and second data for the second 484-tone RU. The second data is obtained by copying the first data and applying a phase rotation to it. The first and second 484-tone RUs are resource units comprising 484 tones.

[0553] In other words, the data field is configured by copying (or repeating) data for each sub-block. This transmission method can be referred to as copy transmission. The sub-blocks are divided into frequency domains. The first 484-tone RU can be a 484-tone RU with a lower (or higher) frequency in the 80MHz band, while the second 484-tone RU can be a 484-tone RU with a higher (or lower) frequency in the 80MHz band. This embodiment has the effect that reliable performance can be achieved even for transmissions over longer distances by repeatedly transmitting data in the frequency domain within the EHT PPDU.

[0554] For replication transmission to be performed, the following conditions must be met. First, the first data can be modulated using Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), and Dual Carrier Modulation (DCM) can be applied. That is, constellation mapping can be performed on the first data based on BPSK and DCM. Constellation mapping can be performed on the first data in the first 484-tone RU based on Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) and Dual Carrier Modulation (DCM). The BPSK coding rate can be 1 / 2.

[0555] If the encoded data bits of the first data are modulated based on a first modulation and compilation scheme (MCS), then the first MCS, which applies BPSK and DCM, can be called EHT-MCS 14. In this case, EHT-MCS 14 can be referred to as the MCS defined for replicated transmission. Information about the first MCS can be included in the user field of EHT-SIG. The PPDU can be a single-user (SU) PPDU that supports a single spatial stream (Nss = 1).

[0556] U-SIG can include a Bandwidth (BW) field. The BW field can indicate the bandwidth of the PPDU as 80MHz. That is, the BW field can indicate the entire bandwidth through which the PPDU is transmitted, regardless of how the data is configured in the PPDU.

[0557] PPDUs can also include Extremely High Throughput Short Training Fields (EHT-STF) and Extremely High Throughput Long Training Fields (EHT-LTF). EHT-STF can include EHT-STF sequences within an 80MHz frequency band. EHT-LTF can also include EHT-LTF sequences within an 80MHz frequency band.

[0558] In an 80MHz band EHT-STF sequence, coefficients for tones not included in the first 484-tone RU and the second 484-tone RU can be perforated. Similarly, in an 80MHz band EHT-LTF sequence, coefficients for tones not included in the first 484-tone RU and the second 484-tone RU can be perforated. Tones not included in the first and second 484-tone RUs are not used to transmit EHT-STF and EHT-LTF sequences. This embodiment proposes a method that applies coefficients only to the RUs used when applying EHT-STF and EHT-LTF sequences, and perforates the coefficients of the remaining unused tones (or subcarriers).

[0559] Furthermore, the EHT-STF sequence used to perform the replication transfer can be 1x EHT-STF. The EHT-LTF sequence used to perform the replication transfer can be 1x EHT-LTF.

[0560] Specifically, the EHT-STF sequence in the 80MHz band is a sequence that includes the M sequence, and can be defined as {M1-M0-M1-M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2). Here, sqrt() represents the square root. The M sequence can be defined as follows.

[0561] M={-1,-1,-1,1,1,1,-1,1,1,1,-1,1,1,-1,1}

[0562] The EHT-LTF sequence for the 80MHz band can be defined as follows.

[0563] {-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1, 0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,-1,0,0,0,+1},

[0564] 6. Equipment Configuration

[0565] The technical features of this disclosure can be applied to various devices and methods. For example, they can be used... Figure 1 and / or Figure 11 The device (one or more) is used to execute / support the technical features of this disclosure. For example, the technical features of this disclosure may be applied only to... Figure 1 and / or Figure 11 This is part of the disclosure. For example, the technical features of this disclosure can be based on... Figure 1 Implemented by (one or more) processing chips 114 and 124, or based on (one or more) processors 111 and 121 and (one or more) memories 112 and 122, or based on Figure 11 The processor 610 and memory 620 are used for implementation. For example, the device according to this disclosure receives Physical Protocol Data Units (PPDUs) from a transmitting station (STA) via an 80MHz frequency band and decodes the PPDUs.

[0566] The technical features of this disclosure can be implemented based on a computer-readable medium (CRM). For example, the CRM according to this disclosure is at least one computer-readable medium including instructions designed to be executed by at least one processor.

[0567] The CRM can store instructions for performing operations including receiving Physical Protocol Data Units (PPDUs) from a transmitting STA via an 80MHz frequency band and decoding the PPDUs. According to this disclosure, at least one processor can execute the instructions stored in the CRM. The at least one processor associated with the CRM of this disclosure can be... Figure 1 Processors 111, 121, Figure 1 Processing chips 114, 124 or Figure 11 The processor 610. Meanwhile, the CRM disclosed herein can be... Figure 1 Memory 112, 122, Figure 11The memory 620 or a separate external memory / storage medium / disk.

[0568] The aforementioned technical features in this specification are applicable to various applications or business models. For example, the aforementioned technical features can be applied to wireless communication in devices that support artificial intelligence (AI).

[0569] Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the field of research concerning artificial intelligence or the methods used to create it, while machine learning refers to the field of research concerning methods for defining and solving various problems within the field of AI. Machine learning is also defined as an algorithm that improves operational performance through stable operational experience.

[0570] Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are models used in machine learning, and can refer to models that solve problems in general, including artificial neurons (nodes) that form a network by combining synapses. An artificial neural network can be defined by the connection patterns between neurons in different layers, the learning process that updates model parameters, and the activation function that generates the output value.

[0571] An artificial neural network may include an input layer, an output layer, and optionally one or more hidden layers. Each layer includes one or more neurons, and the artificial neural network may include synapses connecting the neurons. In an artificial neural network, each neuron can output the function value of an activation function of the input signal input through synapses, weights, and biases.

[0572] Model parameters refer to the parameters determined through learning, and include the weights of synaptic connections and the biases of neurons. Hyperparameters refer to the parameters that are set before learning in a machine learning algorithm, and include the learning rate, number of iterations, minimum batch size, and initialization function.

[0573] Learning artificial neural networks may aim to determine model parameters used to minimize a loss function. The loss function can be used as a metric for determining the optimal model parameters during the learning process of an artificial neural network.

[0574] Machine learning can be divided into supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

[0575] Supervised learning refers to the method of training an artificial neural network using labels provided for the training data. When the training data is input into the artificial neural network, the labels indicate the correct answer (or result value) that the network should infer. Unsupervised learning refers to the method of training an artificial neural network without providing labels for the training data. Reinforcement learning can be a training method used to train an agent defined in an environment to select actions or sequences of actions to maximize the cumulative reward in each state.

[0576] Machine learning implemented using deep neural networks (DNNs) with multiple hidden layers is called deep learning, and deep learning is a part of machine learning. In the following text, machine learning will be interpreted as including deep learning.

[0577] The aforementioned technical features can be applied to wireless communication for robots.

[0578] A robot can be defined as a machine that automatically processes or operates a given task using its own capabilities. In particular, a robot that has the ability to recognize its environment and make autonomous judgments to perform operations can be called an intelligent robot.

[0579] Depending on their application or field, robots can be categorized into industrial, medical, household, and military robots, among others. Robots can include actuators or drives that include motors to perform various physical operations, such as moving robot joints. Additionally, mobile robots can include wheels, brakes, propellers, etc., in their drives to move on the ground or fly in the air.

[0580] The aforementioned technical features can be applied to devices that support extended reality.

[0581] Extended reality is collectively referred to as Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR). VR technology is a computer graphics technology that provides real-world objects and backgrounds only in CG images; AR technology is a computer graphics technology that provides virtual CG images on top of real object images; and MR technology is a computer graphics technology that provides virtual objects that are mixed and combined with the real world.

[0582] MR technology is similar to AR technology in that it can display real and virtual objects together. However, in AR technology, virtual objects are used as a supplement to real objects, while in MR technology, virtual and real objects are used as equals.

[0583] XR technology can be applied to head-mounted displays (HMDs), head-up displays (HUDs), mobile phones, tablets, laptops, desktop computers, televisions, digital signage, and more. Devices that utilize XR technology can be referred to as XR devices.

[0584] The claims disclosed in this specification can be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features in the method claims of this specification can be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features in the device claims of this specification can be combined to be implemented by a method. Furthermore, the technical features in the method claims and device claims of this specification can be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features in the method claims and device claims of this specification can be combined to be implemented by a method.

Claims

1. A method in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, the method comprising: Physical Protocol Data Units (PPDUs) are received from the transmitting STA by the receiving station (STA) via the 80MHz frequency band. as well as The PPDU, including the preamble and data fields, is decoded by the receiving STA. The preamble includes an Extremely High Throughput Signal (EHT-SIG). The 80MHz frequency band includes a first resource unit (RU) and a second RU. The first RU includes 484 tones, and the second RU includes 484 tones. The data fields include first data for the first RU and second data for the second RU. Binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and dual-carrier modulation (DCM) are applied to the first RU. In this process, the first RU is copied to the second RU as the phase rotates. The encoding rate of the BPSK is 1 / 2. For each RU, the number of data subcarriers with DCM is half the number of data subcarriers without DCM. The first data and the second data are received via a single spatial stream. Specifically, the encoded data bits of the first data are modulated based on a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) applying the BPSK and DCM. Information about the first MCS is obtained based on the EHT-SIG. The PPDU includes an ultra-high throughput short training field (EHT-STF) and an ultra-high throughput long training field (EHT-LTF). The EHT-STF sequence used in the 80MHz frequency band is a sequence that includes the M sequence and is defined as follows: {M 1 -M 0 -M 1 -M} (1+j) / sqrt(2), where sqrt() represents the square root. The M-sequence is defined as follows: M={-1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1}。 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The preamble also includes a universal signal (U-SIG). The U-SIG includes a bandwidth (BW) field. The BW field indicates that the bandwidth of the PPDU is 80MHz.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The EHT-STF includes an EHT-STF sequence for the 80MHz frequency band. The EHT-LTF includes an EHT-LTF sequence for the 80MHz frequency band.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein, In the EHT-STF sequence used for the 80MHz frequency band, the coefficients of tones not included in the first tone RU and the second tone RU are punched. In the EHT-LTF sequence used in the 80MHz band, the coefficients of tones not included in the first tone RU and the second tone RU are punched.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein, The EHT-LTF sequence used for the 80MHz band is defined as follows. {-1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1}。 6. A receiving station (STA) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, the receiving STA comprising: Memory; transceiver; as well as A processor, operatively connected to the memory and the transceiver, The processor is configured as follows: Physical Protocol Data Units (PPDUs) are received from the transmitting station (STA) via the 80MHz frequency band, and Decoding the PPDU includes the preamble and data fields. The preamble includes an Extremely High Throughput Signal (EHT-SIG). The 80MHz frequency band includes a first resource unit (RU) and a second RU. The first RU includes 484 tones, and the second RU includes 484 tones. The data fields include first data for the first RU and second data for the second RU. Binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and dual-carrier modulation (DCM) are applied to the first RU. In this process, the first RU is copied to the second RU as the phase rotates. The encoding rate of the BPSK is 1 / 2. For each RU, the number of data subcarriers with DCM is half the number of data subcarriers without DCM. The first data and the second data are received via a single spatial stream. Specifically, the encoded data bits of the first data are modulated based on a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) applying the BPSK and DCM. Information about the first MCS is obtained based on the EHT-SIG. The PPDU includes an ultra-high throughput short training field (EHT-STF) and an ultra-high throughput long training field (EHT-LTF). The EHT-STF sequence used in the 80MHz frequency band is a sequence that includes the M sequence and is defined as follows: {M 1 -M 0 -M 1 -M} (1+j) / sqrt(2), where sqrt() represents the square root. The M-sequence is defined as follows: M={-1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1}。 7. A method in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, the method comprising: The Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) is generated by the transmitting station (STA). as well as The transmitting STA transmits the PPDU, including a preamble and a data field, to the receiving STA via an 80MHz frequency band. The preamble includes an Extremely High Throughput Signal (EHT-SIG). The 80MHz frequency band includes a first resource unit (RU) and a second RU. The first RU includes 484 tones, and the second RU includes 484 tones. The data fields include first data for the first RU and second data for the second RU. Binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and dual-carrier modulation (DCM) are applied to the first RU. In this process, the first RU is copied to the second RU as the phase rotates. The encoding rate of the BPSK is 1 / 2. For each RU, the number of data subcarriers with DCM is half the number of data subcarriers without DCM. The first data and the second data are received via a single spatial stream. Specifically, the encoded data bits of the first data are modulated based on a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) applying the BPSK and DCM. Information about the first MCS is obtained based on the EHT-SIG. The PPDU includes an ultra-high throughput short training field (EHT-STF) and an ultra-high throughput long training field (EHT-LTF). The EHT-STF sequence used in the 80MHz frequency band is a sequence that includes the M sequence and is defined as follows: {M 1 -M 0 -M 1 -M} (1+j) / sqrt(2), where sqrt() represents the square root. The M-sequence is defined as follows: M={-1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1}。 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein, The preamble also includes a universal signal (U-SIG). The U-SIG includes a bandwidth (BW) field. The BW field indicates that the bandwidth of the PPDU is 80MHz.

9. The method according to claim 7, wherein, The EHT-STF includes an EHT-STF sequence for the 80MHz frequency band. The EHT-LTF includes an EHT-LTF sequence for the 80MHz frequency band.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein, In the EHT-STF sequence used for the 80MHz frequency band, the coefficients of tones not included in the first tone RU and the second tone RU are punched. In the EHT-LTF sequence used in the 80MHz band, the coefficients of tones not included in the first tone RU and the second tone RU are punched.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein, The EHT-LTF sequence used for the 80MHz band is defined as follows. {-1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0,0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, +1, 0, 0, 0, +1}。

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