A fixed bed incinerator with an intermediate built-in high temperature flue

Abstract

This invention discloses a fixed-bed incinerator with a centrally integrated high-temperature flue, relating to the field of incinerator technology. It includes a flue located longitudinally in the middle of the incinerator, comprising a collection chamber. At the bottom of the collection chamber are sequentially connected preheating flue, transition flue, cooling flue, and outlet flue. The preheating flue is located in the fuel storage chamber, at the bottom center of the chamber, to preheat the fuel with flue gas. The fuel storage chamber connects to the collection chamber and the combustion chamber of the incinerator. The combustion chamber connects to secondary combustion chambers located on both sides of the outlet flue, which in turn connect to the collection chamber. The collection chamber is situated between the fuel storage chamber and the secondary combustion chamber. By preheating the fuel with high-temperature flue gas and reducing the moisture content, the original elemental and industrial composition of the fuel is altered, thereby increasing the lower heating value and combustion temperature, and ultimately improving combustion efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of incinerator technology, and in particular to a fixed-bed incinerator with a built-in high-temperature flue in the middle. Background Technology

[0002] Incinerators are commonly used for the harmless treatment of medical and domestic waste, as well as animal waste. Their principle is to use the combustion of fuels such as coal, oil, or gas to burn and carbonize the objects to be treated at high temperatures, thereby achieving disinfection.

[0003] The inventors discovered that the high moisture content of fuel in fixed-bed incinerators leads to lower combustion temperatures, lower combustion efficiency, and poor combustion of gasified gas and fuel, resulting in black smoke and odor emissions. Furthermore, the periodic replenishment of fuel in fixed-bed incinerators causes significant variations in fuel composition, unstable combustion temperatures, and periodic fluctuations in flue gas outlet temperatures, which fail to meet environmental standards. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a fixed-bed incinerator with a built-in high-temperature flue in the middle. This invention enables the preheating of moisture in the fuel by high-temperature flue gas, reduces the moisture content of the fuel, and alters the original elemental and industrial composition of the fuel. This results in increased lower heating value and combustion temperature, thereby improving combustion efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0006] A fixed-bed incinerator with a built-in high-temperature flue includes a flue located in the longitudinal middle of the incinerator. The flue includes a collection chamber located at the top of the incinerator. The bottom of the collection chamber is provided with a preheating flue, a transition flue, a cooling flue, and an outlet flue that are connected in sequence. The preheating flue is located in the fuel storage chamber and is located in the middle of the bottom of the fuel storage chamber to achieve preheating of fuel by flue gas. The fuel storage chamber is connected to the collection chamber and the combustion chamber of the incinerator. The combustion chamber is connected to the secondary combustion chamber located on both sides of the outlet flue. The secondary combustion chamber is connected to the collection chamber. The collection chamber is located between the fuel storage chamber and the secondary combustion chamber.

[0007] As a further implementation, the transition flue, cooling flue, and outlet flue are located close to the inner wall of the incinerator, the preheating flue is horizontally distributed, and the transition flue and outlet flue are vertically arranged.

[0008] As a further implementation, the preheating flue is designed with a tapered top and a wide bottom to allow the preheated fuel to flow smoothly down both sides of the preheating flue, and the cooling flue has a slope on its sidewalls with a slope angle greater than the gravity flow angle.

[0009] As a further implementation, the cooling flue sidewall is provided with a lower layer of loosening combustion air, and the sidewall of the cooling flue near the outlet flue is provided with an observation and unblocking hole.

[0010] As a further implementation, a fuel inlet is provided at the top of the combustion storage chamber, an upper rotating grate is provided at the top of the combustion chamber for periodically feeding the fuel from the combustion storage chamber into the fuel chamber, and a lower rotating grate is provided at the bottom of the combustion chamber.

[0011] As a further implementation, a slag bin is provided at the bottom of the lower rotating grate, and a spiral slag discharger is provided at the bottom of the slag bin. Upper combustion air supply and lower combustion air supply are provided at the lower rotating grate to supply air to promote combustion. A front arch is provided at the top of the lower rotating grate, and a water spray cooling gun is arranged on the front arch.

[0012] As a further implementation, the secondary combustion chamber is provided with air supply on the side of the secondary combustion chamber away from the outlet flue.

[0013] As a further implementation, a water spray cooling gun is installed on the side wall of the secondary combustion chamber.

[0014] As a further implementation, the fuel storage chamber is arranged vertically, with its upper space being smaller than its lower space.

[0015] As a further implementation, the sidewall of the fuel storage chamber is provided with an upper loosening air vent.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0017] 1. This invention utilizes a flue built into the longitudinal middle position of the incinerator to preheat the moisture in the fuel through high-temperature flue gas, thereby reducing the moisture content of the fuel and altering the original elemental and industrial composition of the fuel. This achieves the goal of increasing the lower heating value and combustion temperature of the fuel. Furthermore, the high-temperature flue gas produced by fuel combustion contains unburned gasified gas, which can continue to enter the secondary combustion chamber for combustion and remain there for a period of time to ensure complete combustion of the unburned gas, thus improving combustion efficiency.

[0018] 2. The fuel of the present invention is supplemented with reasonable upper and lower layer combustion air supply and the radiation effect of the front arch during combustion, and is supplemented with water spray cooling gun, which can enhance the combustion of fuel, improve the combustion rate of fuel, ensure that the fuel combustion temperature after preheating is within a reasonable range, and solve the combustion safety problem.

[0019] 3. The high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion in this invention is mixed with water vapor, odor, gasified gas and air generated by preheating and completely combusted, thus solving the unpleasant impression of black smoke, odor and water vapor. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a fixed-bed incinerator with a built-in high-temperature flue in the middle, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of DD.

[0023] The diagram exaggerates the spacing or dimensions between parts to show their positions; the diagram is for illustrative purposes only.

[0024] The components are: 1. Fuel inlet, 2. Fuel storage chamber, 3. Collection chamber, 4. Flue gas outlet, 5. Secondary combustion chamber, 6. Outlet flue, 7. Observation and unblocking hole, 8. Secondary combustion chamber air supply, 9. Upper rotating grate, 10. Upper loosening air, 11. Preheating flue, 12. Transition flue, 13. Cooling flue, 14. Front arch, 15. Water spray cooling gun, 16. Upper combustion air supply, 17. Lower combustion air supply, 18. Lower rotating grate, 19. Lower loosening combustion air, 20. Slag bin, 21. Spiral slag discharger, 22. Combustion chamber. Detailed Implementation

[0025] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, reference is made to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a fixed-bed incinerator with a centrally located high-temperature flue is vertically arranged. Figure 1 Taking the direction shown in the diagram as an example, it is divided into three areas: A, B, and C. Area A is located near the top of the incinerator, area B is located in the middle of the incinerator, and area C is located at the bottom of the incinerator.

[0028] Area A comprises the fuel storage area, the secondary combustion gas standard-reaching area, the preheating initiation area, and the final flue gas outlet area, consisting of fuel inlet 1, fuel storage chamber 2, upper loosening air 10, upper rotating grate 9, preheating flue 11, secondary combustion chamber 5, secondary combustion chamber air supply 8, collection chamber 3, outlet flue 6, and flue gas outlet 4; Area B is the combustion chamber: consisting of upper rotating grate 9, lower rotating grate 18, transition flue 12, cooling flue 13, front arch 14, water spray cooling gun 15, upper combustion air supply 16, lower combustion air supply 17, lower loosening combustion air 19, and observation and unblocking hole 7; Area C is the slag removal area, including slag bin 20 and spiral slag discharger 21.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, the incinerator includes a flue built into the longitudinal center of the incinerator. The flue includes a collection chamber 3 located at the top of the incinerator. The bottom of the collection chamber 3 is sequentially connected to a preheating flue 11, a transition flue 12, a cooling flue 13, and an outlet flue 6. The collection chamber 3 is located at the top of the incinerator, and its front and rear sides are formed by the furnace walls built into the incinerator. The transition flue 12, the cooling flue 13, and the outlet flue 6 are arranged close to the inner wall of the incinerator. The transition flue 12 and the outlet flue 6 are arranged vertically and close to the inner wall of the incinerator. The collection chamber 3 is also arranged vertically.

[0030] The preheating flue 11 is horizontally distributed and located in the middle of the incinerator. The preheating flue 11 is connected to the bottom left side of the collecting chamber 3. The preheating flue 11 is set in the fuel storage chamber 2 and is located in the middle of the bottom of the fuel storage chamber 2. This facilitates the preheating of the fuel in the fuel storage chamber 2 by the high-temperature flue gas in the preheating flue 11, thereby reducing the moisture content of the fuel and improving combustion efficiency.

[0031] The outlet flue 6 is located on the right side of the collection chamber 3, and the two are enclosed. The fuel storage chamber 2 connects the collection chamber 3 and the combustion chamber 22 inside the incinerator. The combustion chamber 22 is located below the preheating flue 11. The top of the combustion chamber connects to the secondary combustion chambers 5 located on both sides of the outlet flue 6. That is, the secondary combustion chambers 5 are located on both sides of the outlet flue 6. (Refer to...) Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment has two secondary combustion chambers 5, and the outlet flue 6 is located between the two secondary combustion chambers 5. The left side of the secondary combustion chamber 5 is open and connected to the collection chamber 3, which facilitates the entry of the flue gas in the secondary combustion chamber 5 into the collection chamber 3. The collection chamber 3 is located between the fuel storage chamber 2 and the secondary combustion chamber 5. The secondary combustion chamber air supply 8 is set on the side of the secondary combustion chamber 5 away from the outlet flue 6 to promote the combustion effect in the secondary combustion chamber.

[0032] The combustion chamber 22 is provided with an upper rotating grate 9 for periodically feeding fuel from the combustion storage chamber 2 into the fuel chamber. A lower rotating grate 18 is provided at the bottom of the combustion chamber 22. An upper combustion air supply 16 and a lower combustion air supply 17 are provided at the lower rotating grate 18 to supply air to promote fuel combustion.

[0033] A front arch 14 is installed above the lower rotating grate 18, and a water spray cooling gun 15 is arranged on the front arch 14 to improve the combustion effect. The front arch 14 radiates the preheated fuel, enhances the combustion of the fuel, and improves the fuel burnout rate. A slag bin 20 is installed at the bottom of the lower rotating grate 18, and a spiral slag discharger 21 is installed at the bottom of the slag bin 20 for slag discharge after fuel combustion.

[0034] Fixed-bed incinerators suffer from drawbacks such as small size, unstable fuel calorific value, unstable combustion temperature, presence of combustible gases after combustion, incomplete fuel combustion, and odor overflow. This embodiment adopts an incineration technology scheme with a built-in high-temperature flue in the middle. The high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion of preheated fuel is mixed and burned with the preheated water vapor, gasified gas, odor, high-temperature flue gas and air in the collection chamber 3. The cooled flue gas is used to preheat the fuel and reduce the high temperature of the preheated fuel combustion. The heated flue gas is discharged from the incinerator through the flue gas outlet 4 at the top of the outlet flue 6, thereby ensuring the safety of fuel combustion, complete combustion of gasified gas, high fuel burnout rate, and no odor or black smoke overflow, and also ensuring compliance with environmental protection standards.

[0035] Specifically, the top of fuel storage chamber 2 is the fuel inlet 1. After fuel is sent into the fuel storage chamber, it is temporarily stored in fuel storage chamber 2 in area A and preheated through the bottom preheating flue 11. The preheated fuel flows through the upper rotating grate 9 and enters the combustion chamber in area B through the cooling flue 13 on both sides, flowing down to the lower rotating grate 18. Under the radiation of the front arch 14, air is supplied through the upper combustion air supply 16 and lower combustion air supply 17 of the lower rotating grate 18, so that the preheated fuel can be fully combusted at high temperature.

[0036] The water spray cooling gun 15 installed at the front arch 14 is used for spraying water and cooling to ensure the combustion safety of fuel in the combustion chamber. The large slag produced after the fuel combustion is periodically put into the slag bin in zone C by rotating the lower rotating grate 18, and then periodically discharged out of the furnace by the spiral slag discharger 21.

[0037] In this embodiment, the fuel is fed into the fuel storage chamber 1 periodically. After the fuel is fed in, the fuel inlet 1 is closed. In order to ensure that the fuel in area A flows smoothly downward, the fuel storage chamber 2 is arranged vertically, and its upper space is smaller than its lower space. According to the characteristics of fuel self-flow, a certain space is left above the fuel surface so that the preheated fuel has a certain expansion space and remains loose.

[0038] The preheating flue 11 at the bottom of the fuel storage chamber 2 adopts a slope design that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom and is arranged horizontally, so that the preheated fuel can flow smoothly down along both sides of the preheating flue 11. The side wall of the fuel storage chamber 2 is equipped with an upper loosening air 10, which can be opened when necessary to ensure that the fuel will not be blocked.

[0039] The preheated fuel is periodically fed into the combustion chamber of zone B through the rotation of the upper rotating grate 9 and flows down to the lower rotating grate 18 along both sides of the cooling flue 13. To ensure the fluidity of the fuel flowing downward, a slope greater than the gravity flow angle is adopted, and a lower loose combustion air 19 structure is arranged on this slope. Observation and unblocking holes 7 are set on the side wall of the cooling flue 13 near the outlet flue, and manual intervention can be carried out through the observation and unblocking holes 7 when necessary. The preheated fuel on both sides of the cooling flue 13 in the combustion chamber of zone B is supplied with air by the upper combustion air supply 16 and the lower combustion air supply 17 and is rapidly burned on the surface under the radiation of the front arch 14, and gradually moves downward. The upper and lower combustion air supply adopt a set ratio, so that the upper part of the lower rotating grate 18 is the main combustion zone. Even if the unburned fuel in the upper part enters the slag bin 20, it can be completely burned by the lower combustion air supply 17 and the temperature of the slag can be cooled, thereby increasing the temperature of the lower combustion air supply 17 entering the combustion chamber.

[0040] The high-temperature flue gas produced by combustion contains unburned gasified gas. It enters Zone A and is then fed into the secondary combustion chamber 5 through the secondary combustion chamber air supply 8 for combustion. The gas remains in the secondary combustion chamber 5 for a period of time to ensure that the unburned gas is completely burned.

[0041] The secondary combustion chamber 5 is equipped with a water spray cooling gun (not shown), which can be used for cooling and SNCR (not shown) when necessary. The combustion temperature of the fuel increases, and the flue gas temperature rises. By supplying air to the secondary combustion chamber 5 and supplementing it with the water spray cooling gun 15, a reasonable combustion temperature atmosphere is created in the secondary combustion chamber 5 to meet the combustion requirements and create the optimal denitrification temperature window. That is, the high-temperature flue gas generated by the preheated fuel combustion creates a reasonable dioxin combustion temperature and provides a suitable SNCR denitrification temperature window. After a reasonable residence time and denitrification, the discharged flue gas can meet the dioxin combustion requirements and the NOx emission requirements.

[0042] After combustion, the high-temperature flue gas enters the collection chamber 3 and mixes thoroughly with the water vapor, gasification gas, odor, and air generated by the preheating fuel in the collection chamber 3, and then burns. The temperature of the flue gas decreases after combustion and enters the preheating flue 11 to preheat the fuel in the fuel storage chamber 2 at the top. After the flue gas temperature decreases further, it enters the transition flue 12 and cooling flue 13 in zone B to cool the flue gas generated by the high-temperature combustion of the preheated fuel. After the flue gas in the cooling flue 13 heats up, it enters the outlet flue gas channel in zone A and is discharged from the incinerator through the flue gas outlet 4.

[0043] The high-temperature flue gas mixes with water vapor and other substances generated during preheating, reducing the flue gas temperature. It then enters the preheating flue to preheat the fuel. After the temperature drops further, it enters the transition flue and cooling flue. The flue gas in the cooling flue, after being cooled twice, can promptly remove some of the heat from the preheated fuel combustion, thus ensuring the safety of combustion.

[0044] In this embodiment, the outlet flue 6 and the secondary combustion chamber are both located at the same position in area A of the main view. This is very clear from the top view DD. One outlet flue 6 is in the middle, and two secondary combustion chambers are distributed on the left and right sides. The secondary combustion chamber is the first channel that the fuel enters after combustion on both sides of the cooling flue 13 in area B. It is the initial channel for the high-temperature flue gas to enter. The outlet flue 6 is the last channel for the flue gas to leave the incinerator. It is connected to the cooling flue 13.

[0045] It is understandable that the explosion-proof doors, manholes, observation holes, thermometers, pressure gauges, oxygen meters, and other necessary equipment required for the incinerator can all be provided using existing technologies, and will not be elaborated here.

[0046] In this embodiment, the cross-sectional area of ​​the flue gas generated by the combustion of the incinerator and the cross-sectional area of ​​the water vapor, gasified gas and air drawn into the collection chamber adopt a certain ratio. The negative pressure operation ensures that the odor generated by preheating, gasified gas and air are mixed with the high-temperature flue gas and fully combusted, thus eliminating the negative impression of the incinerator emitting black smoke, water vapor and incomplete combustion.

[0047] In an incinerator, the moisture content and calorific value of the fuel are the main factors determining the combustion temperature. The calorific value of the fuel fluctuates greatly and cannot be changed. However, the moisture content of the fuel can be reduced by preheating with high-temperature flue gas, thereby changing the original elemental and industrial composition of the fuel. This can increase the lower heating value and combustion temperature of the fuel, thus improving combustion efficiency. With the help of the radiation from the front arch 14 and reasonable upper and lower layer combustion air supply, and the use of water spray cooling guns in the front arch, the complete combustion of the fuel can be basically guaranteed.

[0048] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fixed-bed incinerator with a built-in high-temperature flue in the middle, characterized in that, The system includes a flue built into the longitudinal middle of the incinerator. The flue includes a collection chamber located at the top of the incinerator. At the bottom of the collection chamber, there are sequentially connected preheating flue, transition flue, cooling flue, and outlet flue. The preheating flue is located in the fuel storage chamber and is located at the bottom middle of the fuel storage chamber to achieve preheating of the fuel by the flue gas. The fuel storage chamber connects the collection chamber and the combustion chamber of the incinerator. The combustion chamber connects to the secondary combustion chamber located on both sides of the outlet flue. The secondary combustion chamber connects to the collection chamber. The collection chamber is located between the fuel storage chamber and the secondary combustion chamber. The high-temperature flue gas generated from the combustion of preheated fuel is mixed and burned with the preheated water vapor, gasified gas, odor, and air in the collection chamber. The cooled flue gas is used to preheat the fuel and reduce the high temperature of the preheated fuel combustion. The heated flue gas is discharged from the incinerator through the flue gas outlet at the top of the outlet flue. The transition flue, cooling flue, and outlet flue are located close to the inner wall of the incinerator. The preheating flue is horizontally distributed, while the transition flue and outlet flue are vertically arranged. The preheating flue is designed to be narrow at the top and wide at the bottom to allow the preheated fuel to flow smoothly down both sides of the preheating flue. The cooling flue has a slope on its sidewalls, with the slope angle greater than the gravity flow angle.

2. A fixed-bed incinerator with an internal high-temperature flue as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling flue sidewall is provided with a lower layer of loosening combustion air, and the sidewall of the cooling flue near the outlet flue is provided with an observation and unblocking hole.

3. A fixed-bed incinerator with an intermediate built-in high-temperature flue as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The combustion storage chamber is provided with a fuel inlet at the top, and the combustion chamber is provided with an upper rotating grate for periodically feeding the fuel from the combustion storage chamber into the fuel chamber, and a lower rotating grate is provided at the bottom of the combustion chamber.

4. A fixed-bed incinerator with an intermediate built-in high-temperature flue as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The lower rotating grate is equipped with a slag bin at the bottom, and a spiral slag discharger is installed at the bottom of the slag bin. Upper and lower combustion air supply systems are installed at the lower rotating grate to supply air and promote combustion. A front arch is installed at the top of the lower rotating grate, and a water spray cooling gun is arranged on the front arch.

5. A fixed-bed incinerator with an intermediate built-in high-temperature flue as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The secondary combustion chamber is equipped with air supply on the side of the secondary combustion chamber away from the outlet flue.

6. A fixed-bed incinerator with an intermediate built-in high-temperature flue as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The secondary combustion chamber is equipped with a water spray cooling gun on its side wall.

7. A fixed-bed incinerator with an intermediate built-in high-temperature flue as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fuel storage chamber is arranged vertically, with its upper space being smaller than its lower space.

8. A fixed-bed incinerator with an intermediate built-in high-temperature flue as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The side wall of the fuel storage chamber is equipped with an upper loosening air vent.

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